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Teschke R. Aluminum, Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Platinum, Thallium, Titanium, Vanadium, and Zinc: Molecular Aspects in Experimental Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12213. [PMID: 36293069 PMCID: PMC9602583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental liver injury with hepatocelluar necrosis and abnormal liver tests is caused by exposure to heavy metals (HMs) like aluminum, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, thallium, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. As pollutants, HMs disturb the ecosystem, and as these substances are toxic, they may affect the health of humans and animals. HMs are not biodegradable and may be deposited preferentially in the liver. The use of animal models can help identify molecular and mechanistic steps leading to the injury. HMs commonly initiate hepatocellular overproduction of ROS (reactive oxygen species) due to oxidative stress, resulting in covalent binding of radicals to macromolecular proteins or lipids existing in membranes of subcellular organelles. Liver injury is facilitated by iron via the Fenton reaction, providing ROS, and is triggered if protective antioxidant systems are exhausted. Ferroptosis syn pyroptosis was recently introduced as mechanistic concept in explanations of nickel (Ni) liver injury. NiCl2 causes increased iron deposition in the liver, upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA expression levels, downregulation of glutathione eroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) protein, and mRNA expression levels. Nickel may cause hepatic injury through mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis, defined as mechanism of iron-dependent cell death, similar to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity but likely distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Under discussion were additional mechanistic concepts of hepatocellular uptake and biliary excretion of mercury in exposed animals. For instance, the organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) were involved in the hepatic handling of mercury. Mercury treatment modified the expression of Mrp2 and Oat3 as assessed by immunoblotting, partially explaining its impaired biliary excretion. Concomitantly, a decrease in Oat3 abundance in the hepatocyte plasma membranes was observed that limits the hepatic uptake of mercury ions. Most importantly and shown for the first time in liver injury caused by HMs, titanium changed the diversity of gut microbiota and modified their metabolic functions, leading to increased generation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). As endotoxins, LPS may trigger and perpetuate the liver injury at the level of gut-liver. In sum, mechanistic and molecular steps of experimental liver injury due to HM administration are complex, with ROS as the key promotional compound. However, additional concepts such as iron used in the Fenton reaction, ferroptosis, modification of transporter systems, and endotoxins derived from diversity of intestinal bacteria at the gut-liver level merit further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, 63450 Hanau, Germany
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Oyagbemi AA, Akinrinde AS, Adebiyi OE, Jarikre TA, Omobowale TO, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Emikpe BO, Adedapo AA. Luteolin supplementation ameliorates cobalt-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by suppressing NF-кB/Kim-1 signaling in the heart and kidney of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103488. [PMID: 32898663 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-induced cardiomyopathy and renal toxicity have been reported in workers in processing plants, hard metal industries, diamond polishing and manufacture of ceramics. This study was designed to investigate the influence of Luteolin supplementation on cobalt-induced cardiac and renal toxicity in rats. Exposure of rats to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) alone caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in cardiac and renal H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), along with increased serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In addition, there were significant (p < 0.05) reductions in cardiac and renal glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH). CoCl2 induced higher immuno-staining of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) in the heart and kidneys, and the kidney injury molecule (Kim-1) in the kidneys. Treatment with Luteolin or Gallic acid produced significant reversal of the oxidative stress parameters with reductions in NF-κB and Kim-1 expressions, leading to suppression of histopathological lesions observed in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Olamide Elizabeth Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Khalil SR, El Bohi KM, Khater S, Abd El-Fattah AH, Mahmoud FA, Farag MR. Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract influences DNA damage signaling pathways to protect liver tissue from cobalt -triggered apoptosis in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110716. [PMID: 32450433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MLEE) in attenuating the detrimental effects of cobalt dichloride (CoCl2) on rat liver. Forty rats were assigned to five equal groups: control group, MLEE-treated group, CoCl2-treated group, prophylaxis co-treated group, and therapeutic co-treated group. The levels of Co, hepatic injury markers, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress biomarkers (reactive oxygen species [ROS] and protein carbonyl [PC]) were evaluated. Comet assay was used to evaluate the extent of DNA damage. Further, the expression profile of DNA-damage effector genes was assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of heat shock protein (HSP-70) in hepatocytes was conducted. The results showed that the exposure of CoCl2 to rats resulted in declined TAC, elevated oxidative injury, and induced DNA damage markers. Upregulation of mRNA expression of tumor suppressor protein (P53), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) was observed. The immunostaining density of HSP-70 expression was found to be elevated. Thus, MLEE reduced the CoCl2-induced genotoxicity by preventing CoCl2-induced generation of ROS, and protected against ROS mediated-oxidative injury and DNA damage. Moreover, the expression of DNA damage effector genes was affected. Based on these results, we conclude that MLEE is more effective when administered as a prophylactic regimen with the exposure to CoCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Khlood M El Bohi
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Safaa Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amir H Abd El-Fattah
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Fagr A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Zhang N, Yang S, Yang J, Deng Y, Li S, Li N, Chen X, Yu P, Liu Z, Zhu J. Association between metal cobalt exposure and the risk of congenital heart defect occurrence in offspring: a multi-hospital case-control study. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:38. [PMID: 32770943 PMCID: PMC7415180 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated heavy metal exposure could increase the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there are limited data regarding the relationship between cobalt exposure and CHD occurrence in offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between cobalt exposure in mothers and the risk of CHDs in offspring. Materials and methods In order to explore the association between cobalt exposure and occurrence of congenital heart defect (CHD), a case-control study with 490 controls and 399 cases with CHDs in China were developed. The concentrations of cobalt in hair of pregnant woman and fetal placental tissue were measured and processed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between cobalt exposure and risk of CHDs. Results The median concentration of hair cobalt in the control and case group was 0.023 ng/mg and 0.033 ng/mg (aOR, 1.837; 95% CI, 1.468–2.299; P < 0.001), respectively. And the median (5–95% range) fetal placental cobalt concentrations were 19.350 ng/g and 42.500 ng/g (aOR, 2.924; 95% CI, 2.211–3.868; P < 0.001) in the control and case groups, respectively. Significant differences in the middle level of cobalt in hair were found in the different CHD subtypes, including septal defects, conotruncal defects, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P < 0.001). Dramatically, different cobalt concentrations in fetal placental tissue were found in all subtypes of cases with CHDs (P < 0.01). Conclusions The finding suggested that the occurrence of CHDs may be associated with cobalt exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuihua Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hubei Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Sec. 3 No.17, South Ren Min Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Ren XL, Han P, Meng Y. Aflatoxin B1-Induced COX-2 Expression Promotes Mitophagy and Contributes to Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:594-604. [PMID: 32687719 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820939081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is hepatotoxic. Numerous studies have shown that mitochondria play an essential role in AFB1-induced steatosis. However, the mechanisms of AFB1-induced steatosis via mitochondria are still obscure. The present study aimed to confirm that AFB1 causes hepatocyte steatosis regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-induced mitophagy, both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group with the same volume of peanut oil and exposure group administered 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 once in 2 days for 1 month. HepG2 and Cas9-PTGS2 cells were treated with 5 μM AFB1 for 48 hours. Then, various indicators were evaluated. RESULTS Aflatoxin B1 causes liver injury and steatosis with increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, total triglyceride levels in vivo and in vitro, and elevated lipid droplets in HepG2 cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and mitophagy pathway were induced by AFB1 in both liver tissues and cultured HepG2 cells. Further studies have shown that knockout of COX-2 with the CRISPR/Cas9 system inhibited the AFB1-induced mitophagy and steatosis in HepG2 cells. Also, the inhibition of PTEN-induced putative kinase with RNA interference attenuated the AFB1-induced steatosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggested that AFB1 increases the expression of COX-2, which, in turn, elevates the level of mitophagy, thereby disrupting the normal mitochondrial lipid metabolism and causing steatosis. Thus, this study implies that COX-2 may be a potential target for therapy against AFB1-induced steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Ren
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peiyu Han
- Wuxi School of Medicine, 66374Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiteng Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Influences NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Restore Kidney Tissue from Cobalt-Mediated Oxidative Injury and Inflammation in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041031. [PMID: 32283757 PMCID: PMC7230732 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the protective efficacy of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract (MOEE) against the impact of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exposure on the rat’s kidney. Fifty male rats were assigned to five equal groups: a control group, a MOEE-administered group (400 mg/kg body weight (bw), daily via gastric tube), a CoCl2-intoxicated group (300 mg/L, daily in drinking water), a protective group, and a therapeutic co-administered group that received MOEE prior to or following and concurrently with CoCl2, respectively. The antioxidant status indices (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH)), oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and inflammatory response markers (nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were evaluated. The expression profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokines (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were also measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that CoCl2 exposure was associated with significant elevations of oxidative stress and inflammatory indices with reductions in the endogenous tissue antioxidants’ concentrations. Moreover, CoCl2 enhanced the activity of the NF-κB inflammatory-signaling pathway that plays a role in the associated inflammation of the kidney. MOEE ameliorated CoCl2-induced renal oxidative damage and inflammatory injury with the suppression of the mRNA expression pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokine-encoding genes. MOEE is more effective when it is administered with CoCl2 exposure as a prophylactic regimen. In conclusion, MOEE administration exhibited protective effects in counteracting CoCl2-induced renal injury in rats.
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Gluhcheva Y, Pavlova E, Petrova E, Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Vladov I, Skalny AV. The Impact of Perinatal Cobalt Chloride Exposure on Extramedullary Erythropoiesis, Tissue Iron Levels, and Transferrin Receptor Expression in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:423-431. [PMID: 31273683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of perinatal cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exposure on extramedullary erythropoiesis in suckling mice in relation to iron (Fe) content and transferrin receptor (TfR) expression. Pregnant ICR mice were subjected to a daily dose of 75 mg CoCl2/kg body weight 2-3 days prior and 18 days after delivery. Co exposure significantly increased erythrocyte count (RBC), and reduced the erythrocytic parameters mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in the offspring. Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was decreased while bilirubin values were ~ 1.2-fold higher in the metal-exposed mice. Perinatal CoCl2 treatment also induced pathohistological changes in target organs (spleen, liver, and kidneys) as altered organ weight indices, leukocyte infiltration, abundant Kupffer cells in the liver, increased mesangial cellularity, and reduced capsular space in the kidney. CoCl2 administration induced significant 68-, 3.8-, 41.3-, and 162-fold increase of Co content in the kidney, spleen, liver, and RBC, respectively. Fe content in the target organs of CoCl2-treated mice was also significantly elevated. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that TfR1 was well expressed in the renal tubules, hepatocytes, the red pulp, and marginal zone of white pulp in the spleen. TfR2 showed similar expression pattern, but its expression was stronger in the spleen and liver samples of Co-treated mice compared with that of the untreated controls. The results demonstrate that exposure to CoCl2 during late pregnancy and early postnatal period affects body and organ weights and alters hematological and biochemical parameters, iron content, and TfR expression in target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordanka Gluhcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia Petrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150000
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150000
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150000
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Ivelin Vladov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150000
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119146
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia, 460000
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Akinrinde AS, Adebiyi OE. Neuroprotection by luteolin and gallic acid against cobalt chloride-induced behavioural, morphological and neurochemical alterations in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:252-263. [PMID: 31362009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) intoxication arising from occupational exposures and ion release from metal implants has been associated with neurological alterations such as cognitive decline, incoordination and depression. The present study evaluated the mechanisms of neuro-protection exerted by Luteolin (Lut; 100 mg/kg) and Gallic acid (GA; 120 mg/kg) in Wistar rats exposed to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) at 150 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. Results indicate that CoCl2 induced neuro-behavioural deficits specifically by decreasing exploratory activities of CoCl2-exposed rats, increased anxiety, as well as significant reduction in hanging latency. Co-treatment with Lut or GA, however, restored these parameters to values near those of normal controls. Moreover, Lut and GA prevented CoCl2-induced increases in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the brain, while also restoring the activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, Lut and GA produced significant reversal of CoCl2-induced elevation in levels of serum Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry revealed increased astrocytic expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), with intense calbindin (CB) D-28k staining and pronounced dendrites in the Purkinje cells. In contrast, the CoCl2 group was characterized by decreased number of neurons expressing CB and dendritic loss. Taken together, mechanisms of luteolin and/or gallic acid protection against Co toxicity involved restoration of Ca2+ homeostasis, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - O E Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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