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Yan N, Wang Z, Li Z, Zheng Y, Chang N, Xu K, Wang Q, Duan X. Arsenic Exposure Induces Neuro-immune Toxicity in the Cerebral Cortex and the Hippocampus via Neuroglia and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in C57BL/6 Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-04012-4. [PMID: 38148432 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the immuntoxic effects of arsenic in the nervous system. Our results showed that arsenic increased corticocerebral and hippocampal weights (p < 0.05). Morris water maze tests revealed that arsenic significantly increased the time spent in latency to platform on the fourth day in 50 mg/L arsenic exposure and the fifth day in 25 and 50 mg/L arsenic exposure, as well as reduced the path length in target quadrant, time spent in target quadrant, and crossing times of the platform (p < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the vacuolated degeneration and pyknosis was found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of arsenic-treated mice. The mRNA levels of corticocerebral and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were decreased in the 50 mg/L arsenic-treated group (p < 0.05). In addition, immunofluorescence staining showed that 25 and 50 mg/L arsenic all increased the expression of CD11b and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (p < 0.05). Arsenic markedly raised antigen-presenting molecule MHCII and CD40 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and upregulated the cell chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and CCR7 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex at the 50 mg/L arsenic group, and increased the CCR7 mRNA levels in the hippocampus at the 25 and 50 mg/L arsenic groups (p < 0.05). Arsenic activated the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and enhanced its upstream promoter NF-κB protein level and downstream regulators IL-18 mRNA levels. Collectively, these results provide new evidences for the neuro-immune toxicity of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- Department of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Li
- Occupational and Environmental Health Monitoring Department, Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, 253016, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Scientific Research, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Chang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangjie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Zhang R, Fan J, Chen Y, Wang H, Ge Y, Liang H, Li W, Liu H, Lv Z, Dou W, Jiang H, Li X. The role of ROS/p38 MAPK/NLRP3 inflammasome cascade in arsenic-induced depression-/anxiety-like behaviors of mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115111. [PMID: 37295304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution in groundwater remains a serious public health concern around the world. Recent years, arsenic-related neurological and psychiatric disorders have been reported increasingly. However, the exact mechanisms of it remains elusive. In this study, arsenic exposure through drinking water resulted in depression-/anxiety-like behaviors in mice accompanied by oxidative stress and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, two main affected areas found in neurobehavioral disorders. Intervention by NAC, a ROS scavenger, diminished the social behavior impairments in mice as well as ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Further study revealed that it was p38 MAPK signaling pathway that mediated ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Overall, our findings suggested that ROS/p38 MAPK/NLRP3 inflammasome cascade was involved in arsenic-induced depression-/anxiety-disorders. Furthermore, NAC might be a potential therapeutic agent for arsenic-induced depression-/anxiety-disorders by inhibiting both ROS generation and ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Ruo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Juanjun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yanhong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Huning Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Zhengyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Wenting Dou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China.
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Huo K, Xu J, Ma K, Wang J, Wei M, Zhang M, Guo Q, Qu Q. Loganin attenuates neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke and fracture by regulating α7nAChR-mediated microglial polarization. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:926-940. [PMID: 36637150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fracture in acute stage of ischemic stroke can increase inflammatory response and enhance stroke injury. Loganin alleviates the symptoms of many inflammatory diseases through its anti-inflammatory effect, but its role in ischemic stroke and fracture remains to be explored. Here, mice were handled with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) followed by tibial fracture 1 day later to establish a pMCAO+fracture model. Loganin or Methyllycaconitine (MLA, a specific a7nAchR inhibitor) were intragastrically administered 2 or 0.5 h before pMCAO, respectively. And mouse motor function and infarct volume were evaluated 3 days after pMCAO. We found that loganin alleviated the neurological deficit, cerebral infarction volume, and neuronal apoptosis (NeuN+ TUNEL+ ) in mice with pMCAO+fracture. And loganin suppressed pMCAO+fracture-induced neuroinflammation by promoting M2 microglia polarization (Iba1+ CD206+ ) and inhibiting M1 microglia polarization (Iba1+ CD11b+ ). While administration with MLA reversed the protective effect of loganin on pMCAO+fracture-induced neurological deficit and neuroinflammation. Next, LPS was used to stimulate BV2 microglia to simulate pMCAO+fracture-induced inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. Loganin facilitated the transformation of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells from M1 pro-inflammatory state (CD11b+ ) to M2 anti-inflammatory state (CD206+ ), which was antagonized by treatment with MLA. And loganin induced autophagy activation in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells by activating a7nAchR. Moreover, treatment with rapamycin (an autophagy activator) neutralized the inhibitory effect of MLA on loganin induced transformation of BV2 cells to M2 phenotype. Furthermore, BV2 cells were treated with LPS, LPS + loganin, LPS + loganin+MLA, or LPS + loganin+MLA+ rapamycin to obtain conditioned medium (CM) for stimulating primary neurons. Loganin reduced the damage of primary neurons caused by LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia through activating a7nAchR and inducing autophagy activation. In conclusion, loganin played anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles in pMCAO + fracture mice by activating a7nAchR, enhancing autophagy and promoting M2 polarization of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Center of brain health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyue Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Lu Z, Wang F, Xia Y, Cheng S, Zhang J, Qin X, Tian X, Wang B, Qiu J, Zou Z, Jiang X, Chen C. Involvement of gut-brain communication in arsenite-induced neurobehavioral impairments in adult male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114370. [PMID: 36508802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite is a well-documented neurotoxic metalloid that widely distributes in the natural environment. However, it remains largely unclear how arsenite affects neurological function. Therefore, in this study, the healthy adult male mice were exposed to 0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L arsenite through drinking water for 30 and 90 days, respectively. Our results showed that there was no significant alteration in the intestine and brain for 30 days exposure, but exposure to arsenite for 90 days significantly induced a reduction of locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, caused pathological damage and inflammatory responses in the brain and intestine. We also found that arsenite remarkably disrupted intestinal barrier integrity, decreased the levels of lysozyme and digestive enzymes. Intriguingly, chronic exposure to arsenite significantly changed the levels of gut-brain peptides. Taken together, this study provides meaningful insights that gut-brain communication may involve in the neurobehavioral impairments of arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Yan N, Jing H, Wang J, Li Z, Xu K, Wang Q, Zheng J, Shi L, Cao X, Duan X. Arsenic Induces Blood‒Brain Barrier Disruption and Regulates T Lymphocyte Subpopulation Differentiation in the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus Associated with the Nrf2 Pathway In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03500-3. [PMID: 36435854 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has confirmed that the nervous system shows innate and adaptive immunity, which also participates in nerve damage. This study aimed to explore the neuroimmune imbalance induced by arsenic and its possible mechanism. Mice were exposed to NaAsO2 (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L) for 1 month by drinking water. Y-maze and Morris water maze tests revealed that arsenic impaired learning and memory. The optical density of Evans blue showed a marked dose-dependent increase in the brain, and the mRNA and protein levels of the BBB tight junctions (TJs), occludin at 25 and 50 mg/L arsenic, and claudin-5 at 50 mg/L arsenic, were markedly decreased in the cerebral cortex. Arsenic downregulated occludin and claudin-5 mRNA expression at 50 mg/L and protein expression at 25 and 50 mg/L in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 50 mg/L arsenic increased corticocerebral and hippocampal CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells; CD4 and CD8 proteins were increased with 25 and 50 mg/L arsenic. Arsenic decreased the corticocerebral and hippocampal Th1, Th17, and regulatory Treg transcription factors T-bet, Rorγt, and Foxp3 and the cytokine IFN-γ, IL-17, and TGF-β mRNA levels and increased the Th2 transcription factor GATA3 and cytokine IL-4 mRNA levels. Moreover, arsenic enhanced the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) and its downstream enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that arsenic exposure induces BBB dysfunction and T lymphocyte infiltration and affects CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation, which may be associated with Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- Department of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Kangjie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwen Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Affiliated Health School, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiankui Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
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Differential Spleen miRNA Expression Profile of Beagle Dogs Infected with Toxocara canis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192638. [PMID: 36230377 PMCID: PMC9558963 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocara canis is an unnoticed zoonotic helminth that causes severe disease in animals and humans. The spleen has a wide range of immunological functions in protecting the host against infection by many pathogens, but the function of the spleen in T. canis infection is still to be clarified, especially for the role of spleen microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, deep sequencing of spleen RNA samples of 18 Beagle puppies was conducted to uncover the miRNAs expression profiling at 24 h post-infection (hpi), 96 hpi, and 36 days post infection (dpi). A total of 20, 34, and 19 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified at 24 hpi, 96 hpi, and 36 dpi, respectively. These DEmiRNAs (e.g., cfa-miR-206, cfa-miR-331, and cfa-miR-339) could play critical roles in Beagle puppies against T. canis infection, such as influencing inflammatory and immune-related cells and cytokines, by regulating target genes that are tightly associated with host immune function and enriched in immune response and immune pathways based on GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. The current study discovered marked alterations of spleen miRNAs after T. canis infection, with potential effects on the pathogenesis of toxocariasis.
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Exposure to Environmental Arsenic and Emerging Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: Perspective Mechanisms, Management Strategy, and Future Directions. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080188. [PMID: 34437506 PMCID: PMC8402411 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevailing neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by memory dysfunction and the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus and cortex. The exact etiology of AD has not yet been confirmed. However, epidemiological reports suggest that populations who were exposed to environmental hazards are more likely to develop AD than those who were not. Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring environmental risk factor abundant in the Earth’s crust, and human exposure to As predominantly occurs through drinking water. Convincing evidence suggests that As causes neurotoxicity and impairs memory and cognition, although the hypothesis and molecular mechanism of As-associated pathobiology in AD are not yet clear. However, exposure to As and its metabolites leads to various pathogenic events such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, ER stress, apoptosis, impaired protein homeostasis, and abnormal calcium signaling. Evidence has indicated that As exposure induces alterations that coincide with most of the biochemical, pathological, and clinical developments of AD. Here, we overview existing literature to gain insights into the plausible mechanisms that underlie As-induced neurotoxicity and the subsequent neurological deficits in AD. Prospective strategies for the prevention and management of arsenic exposure and neurotoxicity have also been discussed.
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