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Guercio A, Mira F, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Lastra A, Purpari G, Castronovo C, Pennisi M, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Rizzo M, Giudice E. Biomolecular Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Strains in Two Domestic Ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Vet Sci 2023; 10:375. [PMID: 37368761 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper is a contagious and severe systemic viral disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores worldwide. In this study, two adult female ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were evaluated for cutaneous lesions. Scab, fur, and swab samples from the external auditory canal, cutaneous lesions, and scrapings were analyzed. Canine distemper virus (CDV)-positive samples underwent RT-PCR/RFLP with the restriction enzyme PsiI, and the hemagglutinin gene sequence was obtained. According to the restriction enzyme and sequence analyses, the viral strains were typed as CDV field strains that are included within the Europe lineage and distinct from those including vaccinal CDV strains. The sequence analysis showed the highest nucleotide identity rates in older Europe lineage CDV strains collected from dogs and a fox in Europe. This study is the first to report on CDV infection in ferrets in southern Italy and contributes to the current knowledge about natural CDV infection in this species. In conclusion, vaccination remains crucial for preventing the disease and counteracting cross-species infection. Molecular biology techniques can enable the monitoring of susceptible wild animals by ensuring the active surveillance of CDV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melissa Pennisi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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2
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Seki F, Takeda M. Novel and classical morbilliviruses: Current knowledge of three divergent morbillivirus groups. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:552-563. [PMID: 36151905 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, seven species of morbillivirus have been classified. Six of these species (Measles morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus, Canine morbillivirus, Phocine morbillivirus, and Cetacean morbillivirus) are highly infectious and cause serious systemic diseases in humans, livestock, domestic dogs, and wild animals. These species commonly use the host proteins signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 as receptors, and this usage contributes to their virulence. The seventh species (Feline morbillivirus: FeMV) is phylogenetically divergent from the six SLAM-using species. FeMV differs from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group in pathogenicity and infectivity, and is speculated to use non-SLAM receptors. Recently, novel species of morbilliviruses have been discovered in bats, rodents, and domestic pigs. Because the ability to use SLAM and nectin-4 is closely related to the infectivity and pathogenicity of morbilliviruses, investigation of the potential usage of these receptors is useful for estimating infectivity and pathogenicity. The SLAM-binding sites in the receptor-binding protein show high similarity among the SLAM-using morbilliviruses. This feature may help to estimate whether novel morbillivirus species can use SLAM as a receptor. A novel morbillivirus species isolated from wild mice diverged from the classified morbilliviruses in the phylogenetic tree, forming a third group separate from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group and FeMV. This suggests that the novel rodent morbillivirus may exhibit a different risk from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group, and analyses of its viral pathogenicity and infectivity toward humans are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Tessari H, Paludo G, Scalon M, Silva J, Hirano L. Investigation of Chlamydia sp., Morbillivirus sp., Parvovirus sp., Leishmania sp. and Alphacoronavirus sp. in captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of Chlamydia sp., Morbillivirus sp., Parvovirus sp., Leishmania sp. and Alphacoronavirus sp. in captive giant anteaters. Blood and fecal samples were taken from 16 animals in institutions from the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Distrito Federal, which had been in captivity for at least a year. A commercial rapid chromatographic immunoassay test was used for detecting coronavirus and parvovirus antigens, in addition to antibodies against leishmaniasis, all results being negative. In the case of the test for antibodies against distemper, four (4/16; 25%) anteaters had an average titration, two (2/16; 12.5%) a low titration and ten (10/16; 62.5%) were non-reactive. Using the DOT-ELISA (dot blotting) method for detection of immunoglobulin G, only one specimen obtained a 1 : 40 titration. For the polymerase chain reaction tests for Leishmania and Chlamydia, all samples were negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J.M.M. Silva
- Instituto Estadual de Floresta de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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4
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Karki M, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Canine morbillivirus (CDV): a review on current status, emergence and the diagnostics. Virusdisease 2022; 33:309-321. [PMID: 36039286 PMCID: PMC9403230 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing host range of canine morbillivirus (CDV) affecting important wildlife species such as Lions, Leopard, and Red Pandas has raised the concern. Canine distemper is a pathogen of dogs affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Seventeen lineages of CDV are reported, and the eighteenth lineage was proposed in 2019 from India. Marked genomic differences in the genome of wild-type virus and vaccine strain are also reported.The variations at the epitope level can be differentiated using specific monoclonal antibodies in neutralization tests. Keeping in mind the current status of the emergence of CDV, genetic and molecular study of circulating strains of the specific geographical region are the essential components of the disease control strategy. New target-based diagnostics and vaccines are in need to counter the effects of the emerging virus population. Control of CDV is necessary to save the endangered, vulnerable, and many other wildlife species to maintain balance in the ecological system. This review provides an overview on emergence reported in CDV, diagnostics developed till today, and a perspective on the disease control strategy, keeping wildlife in consideration.
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Souza LR, Carvalho MPN, Lopes CEB, Lopes MC, Campos BH, Teixeira ÉPT, Mendes EJ, Santos LP, Caixeta EA, Costa EA, Cunha JLR, Fraiha ALS, Silva ROS, Ramos CP, Varaschin MS, Ecco R. Outbreak of canine distemper and coinfections in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and in three giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1731-1741. [PMID: 35864379 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper outbreak and coinfections in three giant anteaters and in a maned wolf has been described. Three giant anteaters developed respiratory and digestive clinical signs after the introduction of a maned wolf to a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center. The maned wolf and two anteaters died, and one anteater was euthanized. Post mortem and histopathologic exams revealed lesions associated with numerous intraepithelial inclusion bodies, mainly in the respiratory and digestive systems. Infection by distemper virus was confirmed in all animals by RT-PCR and gene sequencing, which revealed the Europe 1/ South America 1 strain, closely related to the strain from Canis familiaris. In addition to distemper, the animals had other comorbidities, such as toxoplasmosis and salmonellosis in the maned wolf and cutaneous candidiasis in an anteater. Considering the chronology of clinical manifestation in both species and the viral characterization, it is possible that the maned wolf was the source of infection to the anteaters. This study demonstrates the importance of implementing biosecurity measures in enclosures that house animals of different species, highlighting the importance of quarantine before introduction of new animals into the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Souza
- Sector of Animal Pathology, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P N Carvalho
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Sector of Clinic, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos E B Lopes
- Sector of Animal Pathology, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Lopes
- Sector of Animal Pathology, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna H Campos
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Sector of Clinic, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Érika P T Teixeira
- Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF), Rodovia João Paulo II, 4143, Bairro Serra Verde, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31630-900, Brazil
| | - Ellen J Mendes
- Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF), Rodovia João Paulo II, 4143, Bairro Serra Verde, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31630-900, Brazil
| | - Leidilene P Santos
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Caixeta
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Erica A Costa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - João L R Cunha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana L S Fraiha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O S Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Ramos
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mary S Varaschin
- Sector of Animal Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Sector of Animal Pathology, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Geiselhardt F, Peters M, Jo WK, Schadenhofer A, Puff C, Baumgärtner W, Kydyrmanov A, Kuiken T, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S, Osterhaus ADME, Beineke A, Ludlow M. Development and Validation of a Pan-Genotypic Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay To Detect Canine Distemper Virus and Phocine Distemper Virus in Domestic Animals and Wildlife. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0250521. [PMID: 35491822 PMCID: PMC9116185 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02505-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an animal morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae and has caused major epizootics with high mortality levels in susceptible wildlife species. In recent years, the documented genetic diversity of CDV has expanded, with new genotypes identified in India, the Caspian Sea, and North America. However, no quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) that has been validated for the detection of all genotypes of CDV is currently available. We have therefore established and characterized a pan-genotypic probe-based RT-qPCR assay based on the detection of a conserved region of the phosphoprotein (P) gene of CDV. This assay has been validated using virus strains representative of six genotypes of CDV in different sample types, including frozen tissue, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and virus isolates. The primers and probe target sequences were sufficiently conserved to also enable detection of the phocine distemper virus strains responsible for epizootics in harbor seals in the North Sea in 1988 and 2002. Comparison with two recently published RT-qPCR assays for CDV showed that under equivalent conditions the primers and probe set reported in this study were more sensitive in detecting nucleic acids from an Asia-4 genotype, which displays sequence variation in primer and probe binding sites. In summary, this validated new pan-genotypic RT-qPCR assay will facilitate screening of suspected distemper cases caused by novel genotypes for which full genome sequences are unavailable and have utility in detecting multiple CDV strains in geographical regions where multiple genotypes cocirculate in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Geiselhardt
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Wendy K. Jo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Schadenhofer
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Aidyn Kydyrmanov
- Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo-RIZ), Hannover, Germany
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Kličková E, Černíková L, Dumondin A, Bártová E, Budíková M, Sedlák K. Canine Distemper Virus in Wild Carnivore Populations from the Czech Republic (2012–2020): Occurrence, Geographical Distribution, and Phylogenetic Analysis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020289. [PMID: 35207575 PMCID: PMC8874654 DOI: 10.3390/life12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease in carnivores and represents a serious threat for both wild and domestic animals. The aim of our study was to monitor the occurrence of the canine distemper virus in wildlife from the Czech Republic, reveal the H gene heterogeneity in positive samples and perform subsequent phylogenetic analysis. In total, 412 wild animals of 10 species were included in the study: 219 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 79 European badgers (Meles meles), 47 European otters (Lutra lutra), 40 stone martens (Martes foina), 10 pine martens (M. martes), 7 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 5 undetermined martens (Martes sp.), 2 wolves (Canis lupus), 1 European polecat (Mustela putorius), 1 free-ranging ferret (Mustela putorius furo), and 1 free-ranging American mink (Neovison vison). Most animals were found dead or were killed by hunters during hunting seasons in the years 2012–2020 and came from all 14 regions of the Czech Republic. In the animals that were hunted, symptoms such as apathy, loss of shyness or disorientation were reported. Canine distemper virus (CDV) was detected by real-time RT-PCR in the tissues of 74 (18%) of the animals, including 62 (28%) red foxes, 4 (10%) stone martens, 3 (43%) raccoons, 2 (20%) pine martens, 2 (2.5%) European badgers and 1 (20%) undetermined marten. There was a statistical difference in positivity among animal species (p < 0.0001), regions (p = 0.0057), and the years of sampling (p = 0.0005). To determine the genetic characteristics of circulating variants of CDV in wildlife, 23 of 74 CDV variants were partially sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 21 variants belonged to the European lineage and two strains belonged to the European-Wildlife lineage. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of the prevalence and spatial distribution of CDV in wildlife in the Czech Republic, including molecular phylogenetic analysis of currently circulating CDV lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kličková
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sídlištní 136/24, Praha 6, 165 03 Lysolaje, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (L.Č.)
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Černíková
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sídlištní 136/24, Praha 6, 165 03 Lysolaje, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (L.Č.)
| | - Aurélie Dumondin
- Lycée Agro-Viticole, 84 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, CS 90113, CEDEX, 33295 Blanquefort, France;
| | - Eva Bártová
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Budíková
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Sedlák
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sídlištní 136/24, Praha 6, 165 03 Lysolaje, Czech Republic;
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Rendon-Marin S, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Suarez JA, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Transit Through the Americas: Need to Assess the Impact of CDV Infection on Species Conservation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:810. [PMID: 32508760 PMCID: PMC7253583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José Antonio Suarez
- Investigador SNI Senacyt Panamá, Clinical Research Deparment, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Asociación Colombiana de Virología, Bogotá, Colombia
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9
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Dorji T, Tenzin T, Tenzin K, Tshering D, Rinzin K, Phimpraphai W, de Garine-Wichatitsky M. Seroprevalence and risk factors of canine distemper virus in the pet and stray dogs in Haa, western Bhutan. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:135. [PMID: 32404112 PMCID: PMC7222495 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus belonging to family Paramyxovirade, genus Morbillivirus and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. Infected domestic dogs can cause spillover infections to wild carnivores that are in contact. We conducted a seroprevalence survey of CDV in domestic dogs in two areas of western Bhutan (Haa district) located at the periphery of the Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve, which is home to several endangered wildlife. A total of 238 serum samples, 119 each from the pet and stray dog, were collected during summer and winter seasons. Samples were tested for CDV antibodies using a sandwich enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) test. Results The seroprevalence of CDV was found to be 11.3% (95% CI 6.7–14.2). Dogs sampled during winter were less likely to test seropositive against CDV antibodies than those sampled during summer (adjusted odds ratio: -2.6; 95% CI: − 1.2–6.1). Dogs in good body condition were found to be more likely to test seropositive against CDV than dogs in poor condition and obese dogs (adjusted odds ratio: 2.2; 95% CI: 0.1–5.9). There were no significant differences in the seroprevalence of CDV among different sexes, breeds and age classes, pet and stray dogs and between the two study sites. Conclusions Our study indicates that CDV seroprevalence was equally distributed among pet and stray dogs. We suggest strengthening the management practices of dogs through responsible dog ownership, dog population management and waste management to minimize the transmission risk of infectious diseases to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshering Dorji
- Kasetsart University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,District Veterinary Hospital, Department of Livestock, Gasa, Bhutan
| | - Tenzin Tenzin
- National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Thimphu, Bhutan.
| | - Kuenga Tenzin
- District Veterinary Hospital, Department of Livestock, Haa, Bhutan
| | - Dawa Tshering
- National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Karma Rinzin
- Animal Health Division, Department of Livestock, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | - Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky
- Kasetsart University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Debesa Belizário Granjeiro M, Lima Kavasaki M, Morgado TO, Avelino Dandolini Pavelegini L, Alves de Barros M, Fontana C, de Assis Bianchini M, de Oliveira Souza A, Gonçalves Lima Oliveira Santos AR, Lunardi M, Colodel EM, de Aguiar DM, Jorge Mendonça A. First report of a canine morbillivirus infection in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Brazil. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:606-611. [PMID: 32023667 PMCID: PMC7397876 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus, also known as canine distemper virus (CDV), induces a contagious multisystemic disease caused by an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV replicates readily in epithelial, nerve and lymphoid tissues; it is excreted in urine, feces, saliva, oral and nasal discharge; and its major route of entry for infection is through the respiratory system. Although the virus was originally believed to infect domestic dogs, new studies have shown that it can also naturally or experimentally infect non‐domestic hosts. A recent blood test performed on a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) found Lentz inclusions in the animal's leucocytes. A rapid CDV test, an RT‐PCR assay and pathology findings confirmed this report of canine morbillivirus in this species, which corresponds to the second report of CDV infection in the order Pilosa, family Myrmecophagidae in central west Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Lima Kavasaki
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Thais O Morgado
- Clinical Care Department of Wild Animals, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | | | - Marisol Alves de Barros
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fontana
- Clinical Care Department of Wild Animals, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Assis Bianchini
- Clinical Care Department of Wild Animals, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Aneliza de Oliveira Souza
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Cuiaba, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Edson M Colodel
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Daniel M de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Adriane Jorge Mendonça
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
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