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Optimization of Culture Conditions for Protease Production using Three Strains of Bacillus. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of a few external factors on bacterial growth and the production of enzymes with a proteolytic effect in three strains of Bacillus: CMS5 (Bacillus subtilis), CMS4 (Bacillus sp.) and SPo5 14′ (Bacillus velenzensis) isolated from squashes packed in traditionally prepared cassava leaves, but also to determine the best source of carbon and nitrogen. All three strains have the ability to actively degrade milk casein. The strains were grown in Luria Bertani medium and the suspension from the cell culture was used to measure optical density and demonstrate enzyme activity on a petri dish containing skim milk. Several parameters were verified including the influence of temperature, pH, and carbon and nitrogen source on growth and enzyme production. Growth was possible from 25 to 60°C with an optimal temperature of 30°C after 24 hours. Enzyme production was observed from 25 to 55°C with an optimum at 37°C. For pH, growth and enzyme production was possible from pH 5.7 and 9 with an optimum of 7 in all three strains. Among the sources of carbons used, galactose is the best source for growth after 24 h in all three strains, and starch for production. Among nitrogen sources, Bacto-peptone is best for growth as well as production.
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Production, Partial Purification and Based SDS-PAGE Profiles of Caseinolytic Enzyme in two Bacillus Strains Isolated from Fermented Cassava leaves "Ntoba mbodi" in Congo Brazzaville. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Park CS, Kang DO, Choi NS. Silver-Stained Fibrin Zymography: Separation of Proteases and Activity Detection Using a Single Substrate-Containing Gel. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1626:179-187. [PMID: 28608210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7111-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver-stained fibrin zymography for separation of protease bands and activity detection using a single substrate gel was designed. The method takes advantage of the nano-scale sensitivity of both zymography and silver staining. After sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in a gel containing fibrin (protease substrate), the gel was incubated in enzyme reaction buffer and the zymogram gel was silver-stained. Bands with protease activity were stained with silver in clear areas where the protein substrate had been degraded. The molecular sizes of proteases were accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Su Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ook Kang
- Department of Biochemistry & Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon/Realbiotech Co., Ltd., Gongju-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nack-Shick Choi
- Department of Biochemistry & Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon/Realbiotech Co., Ltd., Gongju-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
- Careside Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyunggi-do, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
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A screening method for β-glucan hydrolase employing Trypan Blue-coupled β-glucan agar plate and β-glucan zymography. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1073-7. [PMID: 22350291 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A new screening method for β-(1,3-1,6) glucan hydrolase was developed using a pure β-glucan from Aureobaisidum pullulans by zymography and an LB-agar plate. Paenibacillus sp. was screened as a producer a β-glucan hydrolase on the Trypan Blue-coupled β-glucan LB-agar plate and the activity of the enzyme was analyzed by SDS-β-glucan zymography. The β-glucan was not hydrolyzed by Bacillus spp. strains, which exhibit cellulolytic activity on CMC zymography. The gene, obtaining by shotgun cloning and encoding the β-glucan hydrolase of Paenibacillus sp. was sequenced.
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Expression and identification of a minor extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme (Vpr) from Bacillus subtilis KCTC 3014. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Identification of a serine protease from a Bacillus sp. using multiple loading of O’Farrell-type isoelectric focusing slab two-dimensional gel. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:975-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-9962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lu F, Sun L, Lu Z, Bie X, Fang Y, Liu S. Isolation and Identification of an Endophytic Strain EJS-3 Producing Novel Fibrinolytic Enzymes. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:435-9. [PMID: 17487531 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic strain EJS-3, which produces a novel fibrinolytic enzyme, was screened from root tissue of Stemona japonica (Blume) Miq, a chinese traditional medicine. This strain was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa (DQ120522) by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two serine-type fibrinolytic enzymes with a relative molecular weight about 118 and 49 kDa, respectively, which are larger than known fibrinolytic enzymes, were found by the SDS-fibrin zymogram or by fibrin-inhibitor zymography gels. No work on P. polymyxa-producing fibrinolytic enzymes has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Yang JL, Kim HS, Hong JH, Song YS. Purification and Characteristics of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Chongkukjang. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2006.11.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Choi NS, Chung DM, Yoon KS, Maeng PJ, Kim SH. A Method for Direct Application of Human Plasmin on a Dithiothreitol-containing Agarose Stacking Gel System. BMB Rep 2005; 38:763-5. [PMID: 16336793 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2005.38.6.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simplified procedure for identifying human plasmin was developed using a DTT copolymerized agarose stacking gel (ASG) system. Agarose (1 %) was used for the stacking gel because DTT inhibits the polymerization of acrylamide. Human plasmin showed the lowest activity at pH 9.0. There was a similar catalytically active pattern observed under acidic conditions (pH 3.0) to that observed under alkaline conditions (pH 10.0 or 11.0). Using the ASG system, the primary structure of the heavy chain could be established at pH 3.0. This protein was found to consist of three fragments, 45 kDa, 23 kDa, and 13 kDa. These results showed that the heavy chain has a similar structure to the autolysed plasmin (Wu et al., 1987b) but there is a different start amino acid sequence of the N-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nack-Shick Choi
- Systemic Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-333
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Kho CW, Park SG, Cho S, Lee DH, Myung PK, Park BC. Confirmation of Vpr as a fibrinolytic enzyme present in extracellular proteins of Bacillus subtilis. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 39:1-7. [PMID: 15596354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a proteomic approach to detect fibrinolytic enzymes from the secreted proteins of Bacillus subtilis 168 and identified two extracellular fibrinolytic enzymes of Bacillus, namely, Vpr and WprA. In this study, to confirm the fibrinolytic activity of Vpr, we cloned the vpr gene and expressed it in Escherichia coli, where it is predominantly localized to inclusion bodies. After affinity purification and desalting steps, the expressed Vpr is auto-processed to an active form. Interestingly, after the desalting step, several additional bands with fibrinolytic activity were detected in zymography gel along with a mature form (68 kDa) of Vpr. MALDI-TOF analyses of these bands revealed that Vpr could exist in multiple forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Kho
- Systemic Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong, P.O. Box 115, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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Choi NS, Yoo KH, Yoon KS, Maeng PJ, Kim SH. Nano-scale Proteomics Approach Using Two-dimensional Fibrin Zymography Combined with Fluorescent SYPRO Ruby Dye. BMB Rep 2004; 37:298-303. [PMID: 15469710 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, a SYPRO Ruby dye is well known as a sensitive fluorescence-based method for detecting proteins by one-or two-dimensional SDS-PAGE (1-DE or 2-DE). Based on the SYPRO Ruby dye system, the combined two-dimensional fibrin zymography (2-D FZ) with SYPRO Ruby staining was newly developed to identify the Bacillus sp. proteases. Namely, complex protein mixtures from Bacillus sp. DJ-4, which were screened from Doen-Jang (Korean traditional fermented food), showed activity on the zymogram gel. The gel spots on the SYPRO Ruby gel, which corresponded to the active spots showing on the 2-D FZ gel, were analyzed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis. Five intracellular fibrinolytic enzymes of Bacillus sp. DJ-4 were detected through 2-D FZ. The gel spots on the SYPRO Ruby dye stained 2-D gel corresponding to 2-D FZ were then analyzed by MALID-TOF MS. Three of the five gel spots proved to be quite similar to the ATP-dependent protease, extracellular neutral metalloprotease, and protease of Bacillus subtilis. Also, the extracellular proteases of Bacillus sp. DJ-4 employing this combined system were identified on three gels (e.g., casein, fibrin, and gelatin) and the proteolytic maps were established. This combined system of 2-D zymography and SYPRO Ruby dye should be useful for searching the specific protease from complex protein mixtures of many other sources (e.g., yeast and cancer cell lines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nack-Shick Choi
- Proteome Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Ramsby ML. Zymographic Evaluation of Plasminogen Activators and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors. Adv Clin Chem 2004; 38:111-33. [PMID: 15521190 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(04)38004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda L Ramsby
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Choi NS, Kim BY, Lee JY, Yoon KS, Han KY, Kim SH. Relationship Between Acrylamide Concentration and Enzymatic Activity in An Improved Single Fibrin Zymogram Gel System. BMB Rep 2002; 35:236-8. [PMID: 12297035 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2002.35.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the zymography analysis, Bacillus sp. DJ-4 (screened from Doen-Jang, a Korean traditional fermented food) secretes seven extracellular fibrinolytic enzymes (EFEs; 68, 64, 55, 45, 33, 27, and 13 kDa) in culture broth. These seven EFEs were analyzed by newly applied SDSfibrin zymography combined with gradient polyacrylamide (SDS-FZGP). This improved gel system was used with a 5-20% acrylamide gradient in a fibrin zymogram gel for the separation of proteins with molecular masses from below 10 kDa to over 100 kDa on one gel plate. Using this system, high molecular weight bands (HMWBs) were clearly and sharply resolved. We also examined the relationship between an acrylamide concentration and the enzymatic activity of EFE using densitometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nack-Shick Choi
- Proteome Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon 305-600, Korea
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Park SG, Kho CW, Cho S, Lee DH, Kim SH, Park BC. A functional proteomic analysis of secreted fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis 168 using a combined method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and zymography. Proteomics 2002; 2:206-11. [PMID: 11840566 DOI: 10.1002/1615-9861(200202)2:2<206::aid-prot206>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a proteomic approach to detect fibrinolytic enzymes from the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis 168. Following isoelectric focusing without dithiothreitol, two gels, one for sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the other for zymography, were run in parallel. After silver staining of SDS-PAGE and activity staining of zymography gel, the two gels were superimposed to detect protein spots that coincided with clear zones on the zymography gel. We identified four protein spots and characterized them with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Database search revealed that four spots contained at least one of the extracellular serine proteases such as WprA and Vpr. This combined method of two-dimensional gel and zymography can be used as a powerful tool to detect proteases from various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Goo Park
- Proteome Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusung, Taejon, South Korea
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Choi NS, Kim SH. Two fibrin zymography methods for analysis of plasminogen activators on gels. Anal Biochem 2000; 281:236-8. [PMID: 10870843 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N S Choi
- Protein Engineering Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon
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