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Mederos SL, Duarte RC, Mastoras M, Dennis MY, Settles ML, Lau AR, Scott A, Woodward K, Johnson C, Seelke AMH, Bales KL. Effects of pairing on color change and central gene expression in lined seahorses. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12812. [PMID: 35652318 PMCID: PMC9744553 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social monogamy is a reproductive strategy characterized by pair living and defense of a common territory. Pair bonding, sometimes displayed by monogamous species, is an affective construct that includes preference for a specific partner, distress upon separation, and the ability of the partner to buffer against stress. Many seahorse species show a monogamous social structure in the wild, but their pair bond has not been well studied. We examined the gene expression of lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) during and after the process of pairing in the laboratory as well as color change (luminance), a potential form of social communication and behavioral synchrony between pair mates. When a seahorse of either sex was interacting with its pair mate, their changes in luminance ("brightness") were correlated and larger than when interacting with an opposite-sex stranger. At the conclusion of testing, subjects were euthanized, RNA was extracted from whole brains and analyzed via RNA sequencing. Changes in gene expression in paired males versus those that were unpaired included processes governing metabolic activity, hormones and cilia. Perhaps most interesting is the overlap in gene expression change induced by pairing in both male seahorses and male prairie voles, including components of hormone systems regulating reproduction. Because of our limited sample size, we consider our results and interpretations to be preliminary, and prompts for further exploration. Future studies will expand upon these findings and investigate the neuroendocrine and genetic basis of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L. Mederos
- Animal Behavior Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rafael C. Duarte
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e HumanasUniversidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)Santo AndréBrazil
| | - Mira Mastoras
- Genome Center, MIND Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan Y. Dennis
- Genome Center, MIND Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Allison R. Lau
- Animal Behavior Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandria Scott
- California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kacie Woodward
- Campus Veterinary ServicesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Adele M. H. Seelke
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen L. Bales
- California National Primate Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Bales KL, Ardekani CS, Baxter A, Karaskiewicz CL, Kuske JX, Lau AR, Savidge LE, Sayler KR, Witczak LR. What is a pair bond? Horm Behav 2021; 136:105062. [PMID: 34601430 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pair bonding is a psychological construct that we attempt to operationalize via behavioral and physiological measurements. Yet, pair bonding has been both defined differently in various taxonomic groups as well as used loosely to describe not just a psychological and affective phenomenon, but also a social structure or mating system (either social monogamy or just pair living). In this review, we ask the questions: What has been the historical definition of a pair bond? Has this definition differed across taxonomic groups? What behavioral evidence do we see of pair bonding in these groups? Does this observed evidence alter the definition of pair bonding? Does the observed neurobiology underlying these behaviors affect this definition as well? And finally, what are the upcoming directions in which the study of pair bonding needs to head?
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America.
| | - Cory S Ardekani
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Alexander Baxter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Chloe L Karaskiewicz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Jace X Kuske
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Allison R Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Logan E Savidge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
| | - Kristina R Sayler
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Lynea R Witczak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America
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3
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Mercier G, Yoccoz NG, Descamps S. Influence of reproductive output on divorce rates in polar seabirds. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12989-13000. [PMID: 34646447 PMCID: PMC8495788 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The high occurrence of social monogamy in birds has led to questions about partner fidelity, or the perennial nature of monogamy from one breeding season to another. Despite the evolutionary advantages of partner fidelity, divorce occurs among 95% of bird species. We aimed to describe patterns of divorce and partner fidelity in five seabird species breeding in Arctic and Antarctic regions and investigated the influence of breeding status on pair bond maintenance. For four out of the five species considered, we observed low divorce rates (respectively 1.9%, 3.3%, 2.5%, and 0.0% for Brünnich's guillemot, glaucous gull, Antarctic petrel, and south polar skua), while the divorce rate was much higher (19.1%) for the black-legged kittiwake. For kittiwakes, the divorce rate was lower for pairs that managed to raise their chick to 15 days of age, while the effect of breeding success on divorce in the four other species could not be tested due to the rareness of divorce events. Our results emphasize the potentially large temporal (interannual) variations that should be taken into account in understanding divorce and partner fidelity in seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mercier
- Norwegian Polar InstituteFram CentreTromsøNorway
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Nigel G. Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Fischer EK, Nowicki JP, O'Connell LA. Evolution of affiliation: patterns of convergence from genomes to behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180242. [PMID: 31154971 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Affiliative behaviours have evolved many times across animals. Research on the mechanisms underlying affiliative behaviour demonstrates remarkable convergence across species spanning wide evolutionary distances. Shared mechanisms have been identified with genomic approaches analysing genetic variants and gene expression differences as well as neuroendocrine and molecular approaches exploring the role of hormones and signalling molecules. We review the genomic and neural basis of pair bonding and parental care across diverse taxa to shed light on mechanistic patterns that underpin the convergent evolution of affiliative behaviour. We emphasize that mechanisms underlying convergence in complex phenotypes like affiliation should be evaluated on a continuum, where signatures of convergence may vary across levels of biological organization. In particular, additional comparative studies within and across major vertebrate lineages will be essential in resolving when and why shared neural substrates are repeatedly targeted in the independent evolution of affiliation, and how similar mechanisms are evolutionarily tuned to give rise to species-specific variations in behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'Convergent evolution in the genomics era: new insights and directions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Fischer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 95305 , USA
| | - Jessica P Nowicki
- Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 95305 , USA
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Tsellarius AY, Tsellarius EY, Galoyan EA. Social relationships between males and females in the rock lizard (Darevskia brauneri, Lacertidae): 1. Friendly monogyny in males and polyandry in females. BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235901609017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Chappell AR, Freeman SM, Lin YK, LaPrairie JL, Inoue K, Young LJ, Hayes LD. Distributions of oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors in the Taiwan vole and their role in social monogamy. J Zool (1987) 2016; 299:106-115. [PMID: 27453637 PMCID: PMC4956092 DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Social monogamy is a mating strategy rarely employed by mammalian species. Laboratory studies in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) demonstrate that oxytocin and vasopressin act within the mesolimbic dopamine pathway to facilitate pair-bond formation. Species differences in oxytocin receptor (OTR) and vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) distribution in this pathway are associated with species differences in mating strategy. Here we characterize the neuroanatomical distribution of OTR and V1aR binding sites in naturally occurring populations of Taiwan voles (M. kikuchii), which purportedly display social monogamy. Live trapping was conducted at two sites in 2009-2010 and receptor autoradiography for OTR and V1aR was performed on brains from 24 animals. OTR binding in two brain regions where OTR signaling regulates pair-bonding were directly compared with that of prairie voles. Our results show that like prairie voles, Taiwan voles exhibit OTR in the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, claustrum, nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, dorsal lateral septal nucleus, central amygdala, and ventromedial hypothalamus. Unlike prairie voles, Taiwan voles exhibit OTR binding in the CA3 pathway of the hippocampus, as well as the indusium griseum, which has only previously been documented in tuco-tucos (Ctenomys haigi, C. sociabilis), Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber). V1aR binding was present in the ventral pallidum, lateral septum, nucleus basalis, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, medial amygdala, and anterior, ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamus. Marked individual differences in V1aR binding were noted in the cingulate cortex and several thalamic nuclei, remarkably similar to prairie voles. While pharmacological studies are needed to determine whether oxytocin and vasopressin are involved in pair-bond formation in this species, our results lay a foundation for future investigations into the role of these neuropeptides in Taiwan vole social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Chappell
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - S M Freeman
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Y K Lin
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J L LaPrairie
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - K Inoue
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - L J Young
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - L D Hayes
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
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Kundey SMA, Millar R, McPherson J, Gonzalez M, Fitz A, Allen C. Tiger salamanders’ (Ambystoma tigrinum) response learning and usage of visual cues. Anim Cogn 2016; 19:533-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-0954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rollinson N, Hackett D. Experimental evaluation of agonistic behaviour, chemical communication, spacing, and intersexual associations of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) near its northern range limit. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Territorial behaviour is the use of aggression and advertisement in the defense of a fixed area. In the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus (Green, 1818)), territoriality is prevalent in Virginia, USA, near the southern extent of its range, but few studies have examined whether northern populations exhibit territorial behaviour. We tested for some prerequisites of territorial behaviour in P. cinereus at the northern extent its range, near North Bay, Ontario, Canada. In laboratory trials, we found that adult male P. cinereus exhibited a modest degree of aggression, and intruding salamanders attempted to escape the experimental chamber more often than residents. We also found that P. cinereus were able to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar substrates, suggesting pheromonal communication and a potential for territorial advertisement. However, while male–female pairs were common at six sampling sites during the mating season, adult salamanders consistently exhibited a random spatial distribution during the nonmating season. Our study suggests that local P. cinereus exhibit low-level aggression but may not defend fixed areas. One possibility is that P. cinereus may generally not benefit from territorial behaviour in cooler climates, as evapotranspiration rates will be lower and foraging activity less restricted compared with more southern climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Rollinson
- Department of Biology, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada
- Department of Biology, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada
| | - D. Hackett
- Department of Biology, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada
- Department of Biology, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada
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9
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Deitloff J, Alcorn MA, Graham SP. Variation in mating systems of salamanders: Mate guarding or territoriality? Behav Processes 2014; 106:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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11
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Burghardt GM. Environmental enrichment and cognitive complexity in reptiles and amphibians: Concepts, review, and implications for captive populations. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Territorial animals can be expected to distinguish among the types of competitors and noncompetitors that they encounter on a regular basis, including prospective mates and rivals of their own species, but they may not correctly classify individuals of other species. Closely related species often have similar phenotypes and this can cause confusion when formerly allopatric populations first come into contact. Errors in recognizing competitors can have important ecological and evolutionary effects. I review what is known about the mechanisms of competitor recognition in animals generally, focusing on cases in which the targets of recognition include other species. Case studies include damselflies, ants, skinks, salamanders, reef fishes, and birds. In general, recognition systems consist of a phenotypic cue (e.g., chemical, color, song), a neural template against which cues are compared, a motor response (e.g., aggression), and sensory integration circuits for context dependency of the response (if any). Little is known about how competitor recognition systems work at the neural level, but inferences about specificity of cues and about sensory integration can be drawn from the responses of territory residents to simulated intruders. Competitor recognition often involves multiple cues in the same, or different, sensory modalities. The same cues and templates are often, but not always, used for intraspecific and interspecific recognition. Experiments have shown that imprinting on local cues is common, which may enable templates to track evolved changes in cues automatically. The dependence of aggression and tolerance on context is important even in the simplest systems. Species in which mechanisms of competitor recognition are best known offer untapped opportunities to examine how competitor-recognition systems evolve (e.g., by comparing allopatric and sympatric populations). Cues that are gene products (peptides, proteins) may provide insights into rates of evolution. There are many avenues for further research on the important but understudied question of how animals recognize competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Grether
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
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13
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Schulte LM, Yeager J, Schulte R, Veith M, Werner P, Beck LA, Lötters S. The smell of success: choice of larval rearing sites by means of chemical cues in a Peruvian poison frog. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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LIEBGOLD ERICB, BRODIE EDMUNDD, CABE PAULR. Female philopatry and male-biased dispersal in a direct-developing salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Mol Ecol 2010; 20:249-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Beltran S, Boissier J. Schistosome monogamy: who, how, and why? Trends Parasitol 2008; 24:386-91. [PMID: 18674968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes represent a unique animal model for comparative analyses of monogamy. Indeed, schistosomes are classified at the lowest taxonomical level of monogamous species and lack complex social interactions, which could alter our understanding of their unusual mating system. Elements discussed here include the fact that monogamy in schistosomes could be an ancestral state between hermaphroditism and polygyny or polygynandry and the occurrence of mate changes. In addition, hypotheses are proposed to explain monogamy in schistosomes (e.g. female dispersion, the need for paternal care, oviposition site limitation or aggressiveness, and mate guarding). We also propose future experimental and analytical approaches to improve our understanding of the schistosomes' mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beltran
- UMR 5244 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Parasitologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66 860 Perpignan, France
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Anthony CD, Venesky MD, Hickerson CAM. Ecological separation in a polymorphic terrestrial salamander. J Anim Ecol 2008; 77:646-53. [PMID: 18479343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. When studying speciation, researchers commonly examine reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations. Polymorphic species provide an opportunity to examine the role of reproductive isolation in populations that may be in the process of divergence. 2. We examined a polymorphic population of Plethodon cinereus (red-backed salamanders) for evidence of sympatric ecological separation by colour morphology. Recent studies have correlated temperature and climate with colour morphology in this species, but no studies have looked at differences in diet or mate choice between colour morphs. We used artificial cover objects to assess salamander diet, mating preference and surface activity over a 2-year period at a field site in north-eastern Ohio. 3. We detected differences in diet between two colour morphs, striped and unstriped. The diets of striped individuals were significantly more diverse and were made up of more profitable prey than the diets of unstriped salamanders. 4. Opposite sex pairs were made up of individuals of the same colour morph and striped males were found more often with larger females than were unstriped males. 5. We corroborate findings of earlier studies suggesting that the unstriped form is adapted to warmer conditions. Unstriped individuals were the first to withdraw from the forest floor as temperatures fell in the late fall. We found no evidence that the colour morphs responded differently to abiotic factors such as soil moisture and relative humidity, and responses to surface temperatures were also equivocal. 6. We conclude that the two colour morphs exhibit some degree of ecological separation and tend to mate assortatively, but are unlikely to be undergoing divergence given the observed frequency of intermorph pairings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Anthony
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA.
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Abstract
Amphibians have long been utilized in scientific research and in education. Historically, investigators have accumulated a wealth of information on the natural history and biology of amphibians, and this body of information is continually expanding as researchers describe new species and study the behaviors of these animals. Amphibians evolved as models for a variety of developmental and physiological processes, largely due to their unique ability to undergo metamorphosis. Scientists have used amphibian embryos to evaluate the effects of toxins, mutagens, and teratogens. Likewise, the animals are invaluable in research due to the ability of some species to regenerate limbs. Certain species of amphibians have short generation times and genetic constructs that make them desirable for transgenic and knockout technology, and there is a current national focus on developing these species for genetic and genomic research. This group of vertebrates is also critically important in the investigation of the inter-relationship of humans and the environment based on their sensitivity to climatic and habitat changes and environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas P O'Rourke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, 208 Ed Warren Life Science Bldg., East Carolina University - The Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Blvd., Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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18
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Mundry R, Sommer C. Discriminant function analysis with nonindependent data: consequences and an alternative. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Thomson JW, Patel S, Platek SM, Shackelford TK. Sex Differences in Implicit Association and Attentional Demands for Information about Infidelity. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/147470490700500307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in reaction to a romantic partner's infidelity are well documented and are hypothesized to be attributable to sex-specific jealousy mechanisms that solve sex specific adaptive problems. There have been few cognitive-based investigations of jealousy, however. Here we investigated sex differences in implicit processing of jealousy-based information. In Experiment 1, we used the implicit association test (IAT) to investigate sex-differentiated biases in classifying sexual or emotional infidelity information as being positive or negative. Men made significantly more errors when asked to classify as pleasant, words indicating sexual infidelity. In Experiment 2, we modified the Stroop task to include words that depicted infidelity-related topics in three priming conditions: sexual infidelity priming, emotional infidelity priming, and a no priming control. Men were significantly slower to respond after being primed with sexual infidelity scenarios. The effect of sexual infidelity priming was not word-category specific, suggesting that cognition about a partner's sexual infidelity hijacks general cognitive and attentional processing. These findings suggest that men may automatically classify information about sexual infidelity as negative and that the automatic negative processing of sexual infidelity takes precedent over other types of immediate cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Patel
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Steven M. Platek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Dantzer BJ, Jaeger RG. MALE RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS CAN DETERMINE THE REPRODUCTIVE STATUS OF CONSPECIFIC FEMALES THROUGH VOLATILE CHEMICAL SIGNALS. HERPETOLOGICA 2007. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[176:mrscdt]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Liebgold EB, Cabe PR, Jaeger RG, Leberg PL. Multiple paternity in a salamander with socially monogamous behaviour. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:4153-60. [PMID: 17054509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the majority of birds and mammals, social monogamy is not congruent with genetic monogamy. No research to date has compared social and genetic monogamy in amphibians. We analysed paternity in clutches of red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus), a species in which social monogamy has been demonstrated in the laboratory, and 28% of individuals in the forest are found in male-female pairs in the noncourtship season. We collected 16 clutches of eggs of P. cinereus in the southern Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and collected tail clippings from attending mothers. We genotyped embryos and adults at five microsatellite loci in order to analyse paternity of clutches. Most clutches (84.6%) had multiple sires, with two to three sires per clutch. In this study, 25% of clutches had males in addition to females attending eggs. None of the mothers of these clutches were genetically monogamous. All attending males sired some of the offspring in the clutch that they attended (between 9% and 50%) but never sired a majority in that clutch. We conclude that, at least in this population, social monogamy in P. cinereus is not concomitant with genetic monogamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Liebgold
- Department of Biology, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA.
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22
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Thaker M, Gabor CR, Fries JN. SENSORY CUES FOR CONSPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS IN AQUATIC SAN MARCOS SALAMANDERS. HERPETOLOGICA 2006. [DOI: 10.1655/05-38.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dawley EM, Nelsen M, Lopata A, Schwartz J, Bierly A. Cell birth and survival following seasonal periods of cell proliferation in the chemosensory epithelia of red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2006; 68:26-36. [PMID: 16567929 DOI: 10.1159/000092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the continuous low levels of neurogenesis typical of adult vertebrates to replace damaged chemoreceptor cells, red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) experience an up-regulation of chemoreceptor epithelial cell proliferation on a seasonal basis. Significantly more cell division occurs in late spring than at any other time of the year, and we investigated the fate and life span of these newly generated cells. We used 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemical cell birth dating to examine cell proliferation and cell migration in the main olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia of red-backed salamanders collected in late spring who were allowed to survive for one hour or three, four, 25, 28, 42, 49 and 100 days post-injection. We examined new neuron growth in the vomeronasal and olfactory epithelia using antibodies against Growth Associated Protein-43 (GAP-43), a protein whose synthesis is up-regulated during axon growth. We also tracked apoptosis within both types of chemosensory epithelia using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL). BrdU-immunoreactive cells were located extensively throughout the vomeronasal epithelia, particularly in the area posterior to the entrance of the nasolacrimal duct, not only after three days of survival, but also all of the longer experimental survival periods as well; BrdU-ir cells within the olfactory epithelia were rarely located after longer survival periods. Salamanders collected in late spring displayed extensive GAP-43 labeling in the vomeronasal epithelia posterior to the entrance of the nasolacrimal duct, indicating a large population of young vomeronasal receptor neurons. Finally, apoptotic cells were evident in this same post-nasolacrimal-duct-area of the vomeronasal organ and in the olfactory epithelium. We suggest that vomeronasal receptor neurons born in late spring function throughout the summer and may be associated with the animals' extensive territoriality during that period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Dawley
- Department of Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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Prosen ED, Jaeger RG, Hucko JA. SEXUAL COERCION IN THE SALAMANDER PLETHODON CINEREUS: IS IT MERELY A RESULT OF FAMILIARITY? HERPETOLOGICA 2006. [DOI: 10.1655/04-05.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gautier P, Olgun K, Uzum N, Miaud C. Gregarious behaviour in a salamander: attraction to conspecific chemical cues in burrow choice. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-005-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Joseph LL, Cope CT, Kohn NR, Jaeger RG. THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILIARITY ON SOCIALLY MONOGAMOUS BEHAVIOR OF RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS. HERPETOLOGICA 2005. [DOI: 10.1655/04-106.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effects of Intruder Number and Sex on Territorial Behavior of Female Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus: Plethodontidae). J HERPETOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1670/173-04n.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Martin SB, Jaeger RG, Prosen ED. TERRITORIAL RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS CAN DETECT VOLATILE PHEROMONES FROM INTRUDERS. HERPETOLOGICA 2005. [DOI: 10.1655/04-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gibbons ME, Ferguson AM, Lee DR, Jaeger RG. MOTHER-OFFSPRING DISCRIMINATION IN THE RED-BACKED SALAMANDER MAY BE CONTEXT DEPENDENT. HERPETOLOGICA 2003. [DOI: 10.1655/02-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rahman N, Dunham DW, Govind CK. Social Monogamy in the Big-Clawed Snapping Shrimp,Alpheus heterochelis. Ethology 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Uller C, Jaeger R, Guidry G, Martin C. Salamanders ( Plethodon cinereus) go for more: rudiments of number in an amphibian. Anim Cogn 2003; 6:105-12. [PMID: 12709845 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-003-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2002] [Revised: 03/01/2003] [Accepted: 03/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Techniques traditionally used in developmental research with infants have been widely used with nonhuman primates in the investigation of comparative cognitive abilities. Recently, researchers have shown that human infants and monkeys select the larger of two numerosities in a spontaneous forced-choice discrimination task. Here we adopt the same method to assess in a series of experiments spontaneous choice of the larger of two numerosities in a species of amphibian, red-backed salamanders ( Plethodon cinereus). The findings indicate that salamanders "go for more," just like human babies and monkeys. This rudimentary capacity is a type of numerical discrimination that is spontaneously present in this amphibian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Uller
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3772, USA.
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Associations of Male Red-Backed Salamanders with Tail-Intact versus Tail-Autotomized Females during the Courtship Season. J HERPETOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0532:aomrbs]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gillette JR. ODOR DISCRIMINATION IN THE CALIFORNIA SLENDER SALAMANDER, BATRACHOSEPS ATTENUATUS: EVIDENCE FOR SELF-RECOGNITION. HERPETOLOGICA 2002. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0165:oditcs]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sexual coercion in a territorial salamander: males punish socially polyandrous female partners. Anim Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/anbe.2001.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Territorial cooperation and social monogamy: factors affecting intersexual behaviours in pair-living snapping shrimp. Anim Behav 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/anbe.2001.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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