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Leduc S, Rosenberg T, Johnson AD, Segoli M. Nest provisioning with parasitized caterpillars by female potter wasps: costs and potential mechanisms. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Weirauch C, Zhang G, Forero D, Bérenger JM. Living on a sticky trap: natural history and morphology of Bactrodes assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Bactrodinae). J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1903110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Weirauch
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - G. Zhang
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - D. Forero
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Entomología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J.-M. Bérenger
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie, Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de biologie et évolution des insectes, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France
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Mondal SI, Akter A, Koga R, Hosokawa T, Dayi M, Murase K, Tanaka R, Shigenobu S, Fukatsu T, Kikuchi T. Reduced Genome of the Gut Symbiotic Bacterium " Candidatus Benitsuchiphilus tojoi" Provides Insight Into Its Possible Roles in Ecology and Adaptation of the Host Insect. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:840. [PMID: 32435239 PMCID: PMC7218078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse animals, including insects, harbor microbial symbionts within their gut, body cavity, or cells. The subsocial parastrachiid stinkbug Parastrachia japonensis is well-known for its peculiar ecological and behavioral traits, including its prolonged non-feeding diapause period and maternal care of eggs/nymphs in an underground nest. P. japonensis harbors a specific bacterial symbiont within the gut cavity extracellularly, which is vertically inherited through maternal excretion of symbiont-containing white mucus. Thus far, biological roles of the symbiont in the host lifecycle has been little understood. Here we sequenced the genome of the uncultivable gut symbiont “Candidatus Benitsuchiphilus tojoi.” The symbiont has an 804 kb circular chromosome encoding 606 proteins and a 14.5 kb plasmid encoding 13 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the bacterium is closely related to other obligate insect symbionts belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria, including Buchnera of aphids and Blochmannia of ants, and the most closely related to Ishikawaella, an extracellular gut symbiont of plataspid stinkbugs. These data suggested that the symbiont genome has evolved like highly reduced gamma-proteobacterial symbiont genomes reported from a variety of insects. The presence of genes involved in biosynthesis pathways for amino acids, vitamins, and cofactors in the genome implicated the symbiont as a nutritional mutualist, supplementing essential nutrients to the host. Interestingly, the symbiont’s plasmid encoded genes for thiamine and carotenoid synthesis pathways, suggesting the possibility of additional functions of the symbiont for protecting the host against oxidative stress and DNA damage. Finally, possible involvement of the symbiont in uric acid metabolism during diapause is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhinur Islam Mondal
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Arzuba Akter
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ryuichi Koga
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hosokawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mehmet Dayi
- Forestry Vocational School, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryusei Tanaka
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taisei Kikuchi
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Pre-ovipositional maternal care alleviates food stress of offspring in the flower beetle Dicronocephalus wallichii. J ETHOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-018-0544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Unlike most other flower beetles, females of Dicronocephalus wallichii exhibit nesting behaviour. The female constructs a burrow in the soil, cuts dead plant leaves into small pieces to provision the nest, and then lays one egg inside the nest. Hatched larvae have been thought to feed on the nest materials prepared by their mothers, but the effects of pre-ovipositional care on larval performance have not been tested. The hatched larvae were found to stay in the nest for 15–30 days until they consumed the nest materials. We examined whether the presence of provisioned nests enhanced larval performance under both benign and food-stress conditions. With high-nutrient soil, larval survival rate and growth speed were not affected by the presence of provisioned nests. By contrast, with low-nutrient soil, mortality of the larvae was much higher in the absence than in the presence of provisioned nests. The growth speed of larvae with nests located in low-nutrient soil was as high as those reared in high-nutrient soil. These results indicate that females alleviate the food stress of larvae during their initial developmental stage by constructing provisioned nests.
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Santos ESA, Bueno PP, Gilbert JDJ, Machado G. Macroecology of parental care in arthropods: higher mortality risk leads to higher benefits of offspring protection in tropical climates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1688-1701. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S. A. Santos
- LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n° 101, Cid. Universitária 05508-090 São Paulo Brazil
- BECO do Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n° 101, Cid. Universitária 05508-090 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pedro P. Bueno
- LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n° 101, Cid. Universitária 05508-090 São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Glauco Machado
- LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão, travessa 14, n° 101, Cid. Universitária 05508-090 São Paulo Brazil
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Filippi L, Nomakuchi S. Kleptoparasitism as an alternative foraging tactic for nest provisioning in a parental shield bug. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tsai JF, Kudo SI, Yoshizawa K. Maternal care in Acanthosomatinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)--correlated evolution with morphological change. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:258. [PMID: 26586480 PMCID: PMC4653913 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal care (egg-nymph guarding behavior) has been recorded in some genera of Acanthosomatidae. However, the origin of the maternal care in the family has remained unclear due to the lack of phylogenetic hypotheses. Another reproductive mode is found in non-caring species whose females smear their eggs before leaving them. They possess pairs of complex organs on the abdominal venter called Pendergrast's organ (PO) and spread the secretion of this organ onto each egg with their hind legs, which is supposed to provide a protective function against enemies. Some authors claim that the absence of PO may be associated with the presence of maternal care. No study, however, has tested this hypothesis of a correlated evolution between the two traits. RESULTS We reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Acanthosomatinae using five genetic markers sequenced from 44 species and one subspecies with and without maternal care. Eight additional species from the other two acanthosomatid subfamilies were included as outgroups. Our results indicated that maternal care has evolved independently at least three times within Acanthosomatinae and once in the outgroup species. Statistical tests for correlated evolution showed that the presence of maternal care is significantly correlated with the secondary loss or reduction of PO. Ancestral state reconstruction for the node of Acanthosoma denticaudum (a non-caring species in which egg smearing with developed POs occurs) and A. firmatum (a caring species with reduced POs) suggested egg smearing was still present in their most recent common ancestor and that maternal care in A. firmatum has evolved relatively recently. CONCLUSIONS We showed that maternal care is an apomorphic trait that has arisen multiple times from the presence of PO within the subfamily Acanthosomatinae. The acquisition of maternal care is correlated with the reduction or loss of PO, which suggests an evolutionary trade-off between the two traits resulting from physiological costs. This prediction also implies that presence of maternal care can be highly expected for those groups lacking behavioral data, which invariably also lack the organ. No secondary loss of maternal care was detected in the present tree. We suggest that the loss of maternal care may be suppressed due to the vulnerability of the PO-free condition, which thus maintains maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fu Tsai
- Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 40427, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-ichi Kudo
- Department of Biology, Naruto University of Education, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Yoshizawa
- Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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Zhu G, Liu G, Bu W, Lis JA. Geographic distribution and niche divergence of two stinkbugs, Parastrachia japonensis and Parastrachia nagaensis. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2013; 13:102. [PMID: 24738857 PMCID: PMC4012745 DOI: 10.1673/031.013.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parastrachiidae is a small stinkbug family containing only one genus and two species, Parastrachia japonensis (Scott) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) and Parastrachia nagaensis Distant. The geographic distribution of the genus has been poorly studied. Niche conservatism refers to that idea that closely related species are more ecologically similar than would be expected, whereas niche divergence predicts they occupy distinct niche spaces. The existence of only two species within one genus suggests niche conservatism or differentiation might exist among them. Herein, the distribution of the genus was mapped, potential distributions were predicted using ecological niche modeling, and climate spaces occupied by the two species were identified and compared. Our outlined map supports the general spreading route proposed by Schaefer et al. The potential distributions suggest that the genus' range could extend beyond its presently known distribution, and further investigation into this area could aid in their conservation, particularly P. nagaensis. The niche space inferred by ecological niche modeling suggests the two species do not occupy identical habitat, but the differences between their models could simply be due to the differential availability of habitat in the different regions that they occupy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengping Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jerzy A. Lis
- Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Oleska 22, 45–052 Opole, Poland
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Hu Z, Zhao X, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang Q. Maternal care in the parasitoid Sclerodermus harmandi (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e51246. [PMID: 23251468 PMCID: PMC3522655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Guarding behavior is an important activity in sub-social insects, and this behavior is believed to improve the survival of offspring. Sclerodermus harmandi (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is one of most powerful epizoic parasitoid wasps, and it parasitizes Monochamus alternatus, a borer of wood and also the primary vector of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. After laying eggs, S. harmandi exhibits sub-social behavior involving the female tending the clutch of eggs until emergence (guarding behavior). In this study, the benefits of this maternal care with regard to improvements in the survival of offspring were examined. During the developmental stages, only offspring in the egg and larval stages were sensitive to guarding behavior. A positive relationship between the survival of the offspring and the duration of guarding was detected with logistic regression analysis. A female replacement experiment demonstrated that multiparous S. harmandi stepmothers showed guarding behavior and that this behavior improved the survival of the immature offspring, whereas nulliparous stepmothers failed to exhibit the guarding behavior. These results indicate that S. harmandi females display maternal care and that this behavior improves the survival of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Hu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Filippi L, Hironaka M, Nomakuchi S. Individual Variation in Trophic Egg Production: Evidence for Maternal Manipulation in Response to Resource and Competition Levels. Ethology 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tanaka R, Okumura E, Kanzaki N, Yoshiga T. Low survivorship of dauer larva in the nematode Caenorhabditis japonica, a potential comparative system for a model organism, C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:388-93. [PMID: 22426108 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The nematode dauer larva (DL) is a non-aging diapause stage. The DL of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied as a model system for aging and longevity. However, information on DL in other nematode species is limited. In this study, the survivorship, storage, energy consumption, and oxidative stress tolerance of Caenorhabditis japonica DL were examined. C. japonica is a close relative of C. elegans, but has species-specific phoretic associations with the shield bug Parastrachia japonensis. Also, its DL has a much longer lifespan than C. elegans in a biological setting. However, when C. japonica DLs were detached from their phoretic host, they did not survive more than 10 days while more than 80% of C. elegans survived under the same conditions. Also, C. japonica DL showed more active movement (swimming) and lower tolerance to oxidative stress than C. elegans DL. Because the concentration of triacylglycerol (TAG), the energy source of nematodes, did not decrease significantly during the experiment, exhaustion of the energy reservoir did not cause the low survivorship of C. japonica. Instead, low tolerance to oxidizing stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species in C. japonica were the main causes of the reduced survivorship. The fact that C. japonica DL cannot survive away from its insect host indicates that its longevity is increased by unknown factors derived from the host. Despite these significant differences between C. japonica and C. elegans, these two species are phylogenetically closely related (they are derived from a common ancestor). Therefore, C. japonica could be a good comparative system for C. elegans, and further physiological and molecular analyses of C. japonica DL may provide important information about the internal and external factors affecting the longevity of nematodes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Tanaka
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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Kashima T, Nakamura T, Tojo S. Uric acid recycling in the shield bug, Parastrachia japonensis (Hemiptera: Parastrachiidae), during diapause. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:816-25. [PMID: 16797581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nymphs of the univoltine shield bug, Parastrachia japonensis grow by feeding on the drupes of their sole food plant, which are available for only 2 weeks a year. The new adults soon enter a reproductive diapause and survive without feeding for at least 10 months up to 2 years. Uric acid was found to be the predominant component among four waste nitrogenous compounds, i.e., uric acid, allantoin, allantoic acid and urea in the body of both nymphs and adults in all stages, and to be predominantly excreted by the nymphs and reproductive adults. However, adults in diapause excreted negligible amounts of these compounds. Erwinia-like bacteria were found exclusively in the cecum of midgut, in which three uricolytic enzymes, i.e., uricase, allantoinase and allantoicase were detected. Ninety % of adults in diapause could survive on water for 9 months, but those given 0.02% rifampicin aqueous solution all died within this period, with significant reduction of the bacteria and uricase activity in the cecum. Rifampicin treatment resulted in a considerable reduction of free amino acids, especially proline in the hemolymph. These results suggest that uric acid is recycled as an amino acid source with the aid of Erwinia-like bacteria, and uricase functions as a key enzyme for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kashima
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga-shi 840-8502, Japan
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Hironaka M, Nomakuchi S, Iwakuma S, Filippi L. Trophic Egg Production in a Subsocial Shield Bug, Parastrachia japonensis Scott (Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae), and its Functional Value. Ethology 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kudo SI, Nakahira T. Trophic-egg production in a subsocial bug: adaptive plasticity in response to resource conditions. OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2005.14173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tojo S, Nagase Y, Filippi L. Reduction of respiration rates by forming aggregations in diapausing adults of the shield bug, Parastrachia japonensis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:1075-82. [PMID: 16009373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Parastrachia japonensis adults in diapause live mostly in aggregated conditions and can survive more than 1 year on only water. In this study, we demonstrated that diapausing adults had a high tendency to form clusters with no sexual bias. When 3-40 insects were enclosed in chambers of equal volume used to measure respiration, oxygen consumption was reduced to nearly half that when a single individual was enclosed. However, this reduction in metabolic rate was lost when the bugs were prevented from having physical contact with other individuals, partly lost by being enclosed with dead individuals, totally lost with the ones being washed with dietylether, and not influenced by humidity. No such effect of aggregation on respiration was found in adults in the reproductive stage, nor in two other diapausing bugs, Erthesina fullo and Plautia crossata, which hibernate in groups. From these results, we concluded that the reduction in oxygen consumption in P. japonensis was due mostly to physical contact with other individuals and partly to chemical cue that functioned to settle them down and resulted in a greatly reduced respiration rate. This trait is an effective strategy that allows diapausing adults to conserve energy and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Tojo
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga-shi 840-8502, Japan.
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