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Han X, Bai X, Yao H, Chen W, Meng F, Cao X, Zhuo Y, Hua L, Bu G, Du X, Liang Q, Zeng X. Two Synthetic Peptides Corresponding to the Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit Promoted Reproductive Functions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911735. [PMID: 36233045 PMCID: PMC9570415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is widely used in the assisted reproduction and a synthetic peptide corresponding to a receptor binding region of the human (h) FSH-β-(34−37) (TRDL) modulated reproduction. Furthermore, a 13-amino acid sequence corresponding to hFSH-β-(37−49) (LVYKDPARPKIQK) was recently identified as the receptor binding site. We hypothesized that the synthetic peptides corresponding to hFSH-β-(37−49) and hFSH-β-(34−49), created by merging hFSH-β-(34−37) and hFSH-β-(37−49), modulate the reproductive functions, with the longer peptide being more biologically active. In male or female prepubertal mice, a single injection of 200 μg/g BW ip of hFSH-β-(37−49) or hFSH-β-(34−49) hastened (p < 0.05) puberty, whereas the same treatments given daily for 4 d promoted (p < 0.05) the gonadal steroidogenesis and gamete formation. In addition of either peptide to the in vitro cell cultures, promoted (p < 0.05) the proliferation of primary murine granulosa cells and the estradiol production by upregulating the expression of Ccnd2 and Cyp19a1, respectively. In adult female mice, 200 μg/g BW ip of either peptide during diestrus antagonized the FSH-stimulated estradiol increase and uterine weight gain during proestrus. Furthermore, hFSH-β-(34−49) was a more potent (p < 0.05) reproductive modulator than hFSH-β-(37−49), both in vivo and in vitro. We concluded that hFSH-β-(37−49) and especially hFSH-β-(34−49), have the potential for reproductive modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Han
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Isotope Research Laboratory, Biological Engineering and Application Biology Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhu C, Xu Q, Pan D, Xu Y, Liu P, Yang R, Wang L, Sun X, Luo S, Yang M. Prostate cancer imaging of FSHR antagonist modified with a hydrophilic linker. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:99-105. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Shineng Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; 20 Qianrong Road Wuxi 214063 China
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Gobert B, Jolivet-Reynaud C, Dalbon P, Barbarino-Monnier P, Faure GC, Jolivet M, Béné MC. An immunoreactive peptide of the FSH involved in autoimmune infertility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:819-24. [PMID: 11735119 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify autoantigens contained in human ovary extracts. Serum samples from 36 infertile women with anti-ovary antibodies as detected with an ELISA technique were tested in Western blot against human ovary extracts. A reactive protein with a molecular mass matching that of the FSH was detected in 34 cases. These serum samples also reacted strongly in Western blot and ELISA with purified FSH and, in immunofluorescence, with pituitary cells. Using the Pepscan approach, with overlapping peptides matching the amino acid sequence of the human FSH beta-chain, several immunoreactive regions were evidenced. The 78-93 amino acid sequence of the human FSH beta-chain appeared as one of the major epitopes. Synthetic peptides of this region were prepared and demonstrated to react with human serum samples from women with anti-ovary antibodies. These data demonstrate that FSH can be an autoantigen, recognized by autoantibodies associated with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gobert
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, UHP Nancy I, Nancy, France
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Hearn MT, Gomme PT. Molecular architecture and biorecognition processes of the cystine knot protein superfamily: part I. The glycoprotein hormones. J Mol Recognit 2000; 13:223-78. [PMID: 10992290 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1352(200009/10)13:5<223::aid-jmr501>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, the reader is introduced to recent advances in our knowledge on a subset of the cystine knot superfamily of homo- and hetero-dimeric proteins, from the perspective of the endocrine glycoprotein hormone family of proteins: follitropin (FSH), Iutropin (LH), thyrotropin. (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Subsequent papers will address the structure-function behaviour of other members of this increasingly significant family of proteins, including various members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins, the activins, inhibins, bone morphogenic growth factor, platelet derived growth factor-beta, nerve growth factor and more than 35 other proteins with similar topological features. In the present review article, specific emphasis has been placed on advances with the glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) that have facilitated greater insight into their physiological functions, molecular structures and most importantly the basis of the molecular recognition events that lead to the formation of hetero-dimeric structures as well as their specific and selective recognition by their corresponding receptors and antibodies. Thus, this review article focuses on the structural motifs involved in receptor recognition and the current techniques available to identify these regions, including the role of immunological methodology, peptide fragment design and synthesis and mutagenesis to delineate their structure-function relationships and molecular recognition behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Hearn
- Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Grasso P, Rozhavskaya-Arena M, Reichert LE. Cysteine residues in a synthetic peptide corresponding to human follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit receptor-binding domain 81-95 [hFSH-beta-(81-95)] modulate the in vivo effects of hFSH-beta-(81-95) on the mouse estrous cycle. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1999; 81:67-71. [PMID: 10395410 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(99)00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that synthetic peptide amides corresponding to subdomains of the human FSH 3-subunit, hFSH-beta-(33--53) and hFSH-beta-(81--95), interact with the external domain of the FSH receptor in two in vitro model systems. Consistent with these in vitro observations, we found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of each of these peptides prolonged vaginal estrus in normally cycling mice in vivo. Both hFSH-beta-(33--53) and hFSH-beta-(81--95) contain cysteine (Cys) residues with free sulfhydryl groups of potential significance in receptor interactions. To assess the possible involvement of these groups in the in vivo effects of hFSH-beta-(33--53) and hFSH-beta-(81--95), synthetic peptide analogs were prepared in which all Cys residues were replaced with serine (Ser). In the present study, we demonstrate that the in vivo effect of hFSH-beta-(33--53) on the mouse estrous cycle, extension of vaginal estrus, was not changed by substitution of Cys-51 with Ser. In contrast, mice receiving the Ser-substituted analog of hFSH-beta-(81--95) had normal estrus stages, but were arrested in diestrus. hFSH-beta-(33--53)-(81--95), a linear peptide encompassing both domains, also prolonged vaginal estrus. The Ser-substituted analog of this peptide, however, prolonged vaginal estrus in some of the mice tested and induced cycle arrest at diestrus in others. hFSH-beta-(90--95), the active subdomain at the C-terminus of hFSH-beta-(81--95), extended vaginal estrus, but diestrus stages were of normal duration. Its Ser-substituted analog, however, prolonged the estrus stage of the majority of mice treated, but induced diestrus arrest in some. The differing responses to these peptides are presumably due to interactions of the synthetic peptides with different regions of the FSH receptor. This further suggests that one consequence of ligand interaction with multiple receptor binding domains may be variable effects on ovarian function, and that Cys to Ser analogs may have value in the design of a novel class of synthetic peptides capable of fertility regulation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grasso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albany Medical College, NY 12208, USA
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Ferro VA, Stimson WH. Fertility-disrupting potential of synthetic peptides derived from the beta-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998; 40:187-97. [PMID: 9764364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Hormone immunoneutralization is hampered by immunologic cross-reactivity caused by close-sequence homology between related molecules. One solution is to use smaller fragments to induce antibodies of greater specificity. METHOD OF STUDY A number of peptides selected from beta-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were conjugated to tetanus toxoid and were used to immunize female rats. The antisera were examined for FSH cross-reactivity by immunoassays and in an in vitro bioassay. RESULTS In the immunoassays, the antisera did not react with FSH but did react with their respective peptides. In the bioassay, sera from VYKDPARPC- and CDSLYTYP-immunized animals inhibited FSH-receptor interaction by 73% and 68%, respectively. These animals also showed reduced estradiol levels. Sequences were synthesized around VYKDPARPC and were tested on a FSH-receptor-bearing Chinese hamster ovary cell line. LVYKDPARPC, VYKDPARPC, YKDPARPIC, CLVYKDPARP, and LVYKDPARP inhibited FSH-receptor interaction by greater than 50%. In female mice, TRDLVYKDPARPKI and LVYKDPARP disrupted estrous cycling in all animals; LVYKDPARPC and CLVYKDPARP disrupted cycling in three of five animals, whereas VYKDPARPC disrupted cycling in one of four animals. CONCLUSIONS Peptides from two areas of beta-FSH (VYKDPARP and DSLYTYP) were shown to raise FSH-neutralizing antibodies, which were able to suppress estradiol levels. An additional leucine residue to VYKDPARP greatly enhanced the peptide's ability to inhibit FSH-receptor binding and caused fertility disruption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Ferro
- University of Strathclyde, Department of Immunology, Glasgow, Scotland
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Powis G, Gasdaska JR, Baker A. Redox signaling and the control of cell growth and death. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1996; 38:329-59. [PMID: 8895815 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Powis
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA
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Oblong JE, Berggren M, Gasdaska PY, Hill SR, Powis G. Site-directed mutagenesis of Lys36 in human thioredoxin: the highly conserved residue affects reduction rates and growth stimulation but is not essential for the redox protein's biochemical or biological properties. Biochemistry 1995; 34:3319-24. [PMID: 7880827 DOI: 10.1021/bi00010a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that a recombinant form of the human redox protein thioredoxin can stimulate the growth rate of Swiss 3T3 murine fibroblasts and that this ability to promote cellular proliferation was dependent upon a redox-active form. A site-directed mutagenesis study of the highly conserved Lys36 adjacent to the two active site cysteines of thioredoxin was performed to determine whether the basic residue was essential for the biochemical and mitogenic properties of human thioredoxin. Two mutants were generated in which the lysine residue was replaced with either glutamic acid (K36E) or leucine (K36L). While K36E and K36L were both redox-active in a thioredoxin-specific assay, the mutants exhibited decreased affinities for thioredoxin reductase relative to wild-type thioredoxin since their respective KM values increased by a factor of 5 and 7. Examination of the secondary structure of the variants by circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that both mutants had minor variations in the overall structural content when compared to thioredoxin, with K36L being most similar to the wild-type protein. Thermal equilibrium denaturation studies of the variants showed that K36E had a TM of 69.5 degrees C. A TM value for thioredoxin and K36L could not be established because the absence of a plateau above 83 degrees C rendered it difficult to establish an upper base line and, hence, the TM. The two mutants were able to stimulate cellular proliferation, albeit with reduced efficiency when compared with wild-type thioredoxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
Cells maintain a reduced intracellular state in the face of a highly oxidizing extracellular environment. Redox signalling pathways provide a link between external stimuli, through the flavoenzyme-mediated NADPH-dependent reduction of intracellular peptide thiols, such as glutathione, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and redox factor-1, to the posttranslational redox modification of certain intracellular proteins. This can affect the proteins' correct folding, assembly into multimeric complexes, enzymatic activity, and their binding as transcription factors to specific DNA sequences. Such changes have been linked to altered cell growth and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Powis
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA
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Oblong JE, Berggren M, Powis G. Biochemical, structural, and biological properties of human thioredoxin active site peptides. FEBS Lett 1994; 343:81-4. [PMID: 8163023 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human redox protein thioredoxin is an autocrine growth factor for some cancer cells. Redox activity is essential for this function but other required structural features of thioredoxin are not known. Two 8-mer peptides (I and II) and one 14-mer peptide (III) were designed based on the amino acid sequence of the redox active site of thioredoxin. Peptide I and peptide III contained the wild-type sequence of thioredoxin while peptide II contained serine residues in place of the catalytically active cysteines. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that all three peptides were comprised mainly of random coil, with peptide III containing slightly more ordered secondary structure. Peptides I and III were substrates for thioredoxin reductase with KM values of 890 and 265 microM, respectively. The redox inactive peptide II could not compete with thioredoxin for reduction by thioredoxin reductase in a coupled insulin reduction assay. However, peptide II was a competitive inhibitor for the reduction of 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) by thioredoxin reductase. All three peptides gave only background levels of stimulation of the proliferation of Swiss 3T3 murine fibroblasts when compared to the stimulation caused by thioredoxin. These results suggest that while the ability of thioredoxin to stimulate cellular proliferation is redox-dependent, more information than that contained in the redox active site domain alone defined by 14 amino acids is required.
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Reichert LE. The functional relationship between FSH and its receptor as studied by synthetic peptide strategies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1994; 100:21-7. [PMID: 8056153 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(94)90273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L E Reichert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albany Medical College, NY 12208
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