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Wazawa T, Yasui SI, Morimoto N, Suzuki M. 1,3-Diethylurea-enhanced Mg-ATPase activity of skeletal muscle myosin with a converse effect on the sliding motility. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2620-9. [PMID: 23954499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of urea and its derivatives on the ATPase activity and on the in vitro motility of chicken skeletal muscle actomyosin. Mg-ATPase rate of myosin subfragment-1 (S1) is increased by 4-fold by 0.3M 1,3-diethylurea (DEU), but it is unaffected by urea, thiourea, and 1,3-dimethylurea at ≤1M concentration. Thus, we further examine the effects of DEU in comparison to those of urea as reference. In in vitro motility assay, we find that in the presence of 0.3M DEU, the sliding speeds of actin filaments driven by myosin and heavy meromyosin (HMM) are significantly decreased to 1/16 and 1/6.6, respectively, compared with the controls. However, the measurement of the actin-activated ATPase activity of HMM shows that the maximal rate, Vmax, is almost unchanged with DEU. Thus, the myosin-driven sliding motility of actin filaments is significantly impeded in the presence of 0.3M DEU, whereas the cyclic interaction of myosin with F-actin occurs during the ATP turnover, the rate of which is close to that without DEU. In contrast to DEU, 0.3M urea exhibits only modest effects on both actin-activated ATPase and sliding motility of actomyosin. Thus, DEU has the effect of uncoupling the sliding motility of actomyosin from its ATP turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuichi Wazawa
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 02, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Demerdash ONA, Daily MD, Mitchell JC. Structure-based predictive models for allosteric hot spots. PLoS Comput Biol 2009; 5:e1000531. [PMID: 19816556 PMCID: PMC2748687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In allostery, a binding event at one site in a protein modulates the behavior of a distant site. Identifying residues that relay the signal between sites remains a challenge. We have developed predictive models using support-vector machines, a widely used machine-learning method. The training data set consisted of residues classified as either hotspots or non-hotspots based on experimental characterization of point mutations from a diverse set of allosteric proteins. Each residue had an associated set of calculated features. Two sets of features were used, one consisting of dynamical, structural, network, and informatic measures, and another of structural measures defined by Daily and Gray [1]. The resulting models performed well on an independent data set consisting of hotspots and non-hotspots from five allosteric proteins. For the independent data set, our top 10 models using Feature Set 1 recalled 68–81% of known hotspots, and among total hotspot predictions, 58–67% were actual hotspots. Hence, these models have precision P = 58–67% and recall R = 68–81%. The corresponding models for Feature Set 2 had P = 55–59% and R = 81–92%. We combined the features from each set that produced models with optimal predictive performance. The top 10 models using this hybrid feature set had R = 73–81% and P = 64–71%, the best overall performance of any of the sets of models. Our methods identified hotspots in structural regions of known allosteric significance. Moreover, our predicted hotspots form a network of contiguous residues in the interior of the structures, in agreement with previous work. In conclusion, we have developed models that discriminate between known allosteric hotspots and non-hotspots with high accuracy and sensitivity. Moreover, the pattern of predicted hotspots corresponds to known functional motifs implicated in allostery, and is consistent with previous work describing sparse networks of allosterically important residues. Allostery is the process whereby a molecule binds to one site in a protein and alters the function of a distant site. This phenomenon is ubiquitous, as proteins frequently must adapt their behavior to changes in the cellular milieu. The mechanism(s) underlying allostery remains incompletely understood. In particular, predictive models are needed that distinguish amino-acid residues that are critical to allostery, or “hotspots”, from non-hotspots. Here we have used data-mining approaches to infer rules that distinguish hotspots from non-hotspots. Starting with a data set of known hotspot and non-hotspot residues from a diverse set of allosteric proteins, the training data set, we applied machine learning to this data to “learn” models, or sets of rules, for distinguishing hotspots and non-hotspots by inferring associations between the classification (hotspot or non-hotspot) and an associated set of calculated attributes. Many models that showed the highest predictive power on the training data also exhibited high accuracy and sensitivity when applied to an independent data set. Moreover, the pattern of predicted hotspots in the proteins we studied was consistent with known structure/function relationships and previous work suggesting that a network of essential residues mediates the allosteric transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar N. A. Demerdash
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Daily
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Julie C. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Albet-Torres N, Bloemink MJ, Barman T, Candau R, Frölander K, Geeves MA, Golker K, Herrmann C, Lionne C, Piperio C, Schmitz S, Veigel C, Månsson A. Drug effect unveils inter-head cooperativity and strain-dependent ADP release in fast skeletal actomyosin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:22926-37. [PMID: 19520847 PMCID: PMC2755700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amrinone is a bipyridine compound with characteristic effects on the force-velocity relationship of fast skeletal muscle, including a reduction in the maximum shortening velocity and increased maximum isometric force. Here we performed experiments to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for these effects, with the additional aim to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the force-velocity relationship. In vitro motility assays established that amrinone reduces the sliding velocity of heavy meromyosin-propelled actin filaments by 30% at different ionic strengths of the assay solution. Stopped-flow studies of myofibrils, heavy meromyosin and myosin subfragment 1, showed that the effects on sliding speed were not because of a reduced rate of ATP-induced actomyosin dissociation because the rate of this process was increased by amrinone. Moreover, optical tweezers studies could not detect any amrinone-induced changes in the working stroke length. In contrast, the ADP affinity of acto-heavy meromyosin was increased about 2-fold by 1 mm amrinone. Similar effects were not observed for acto-subfragment 1. Together with the other findings, this suggests that the amrinone-induced reduction in sliding velocity is attributed to inhibition of a strain-dependent ADP release step. Modeling results show that such an effect may account for the amrinone-induced changes of the force-velocity relationship. The data emphasize the importance of the rate of a strain-dependent ADP release step in influencing the maximum sliding velocity in fast skeletal muscle. The data also lead us to discuss the possible importance of cooperative interactions between the two myosin heads in muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Albet-Torres
- From the School of Pure Applied Natural Science, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marieke J. Bloemink
- the Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Barman
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5236 CNRS, University of Montpellier I and II, Institut de Biologie, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 866 INRA, University of Montpellier I, 34060 Montpellier, France, and
| | - Kerstin Frölander
- From the School of Pure Applied Natural Science, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- the Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Golker
- From the School of Pure Applied Natural Science, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5236 CNRS, University of Montpellier I and II, Institut de Biologie, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Lionne
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5236 CNRS, University of Montpellier I and II, Institut de Biologie, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Piperio
- the National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Schmitz
- the National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Veigel
- the National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Alf Månsson
- From the School of Pure Applied Natural Science, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Yu H, Ma L, Yang Y, Cui Q. Mechanochemical coupling in the myosin motor domain. II. Analysis of critical residues. PLoS Comput Biol 2007; 3:e23. [PMID: 17305418 PMCID: PMC1800309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the analysis of mechanochemical coupling in molecular motors is to identify residues that dictate the tight coupling between the chemical site and distant structural rearrangements. In this work, a systematic attempt is made to tackle this issue for the conventional myosin. By judiciously combining a range of computational techniques with different approximations and strength, which include targeted molecular dynamics, normal mode analysis, and statistical coupling analysis, we are able to identify a set of important residues and propose their relevant function during the recovery stroke of myosin. These analyses also allowed us to make connections with previous experimental and computational studies in a critical manner. The behavior of the widely used reporter residue, Trp501, in the simulations confirms the concern that its fluorescence does not simply reflect the relay loop conformation or active-site open/close but depends subtly on its microenvironment. The findings in the targeted molecular dynamics and a previous minimum energy path analysis of the recovery stroke have been compared and analyzed, which emphasized the difference and complementarity of the two approaches. In conjunction with our previous studies, the current set of investigations suggest that the modulation of structural flexibility at both the local (e.g., active-site) and domain scales with strategically placed "hotspot" residues and phosphate chemistry is likely the general feature for mechanochemical coupling in many molecular motors. The fundamental strategies of examining both collective and local changes and combining physically motivated methods and informatics-driven techniques are expected to be valuable to the study of other molecular motors and allosteric systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Suzuki Y, Tani T, Sutoh K, Kamimura S. Imaging of the fluorescence spectrum of a single fluorescent molecule by prism-based spectroscopy. FEBS Lett 2002; 512:235-9. [PMID: 11852087 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have devised a novel method to visualize the fluorescence spectrum of a single fluorescent molecule using prism-based spectroscopy. Equipping a total internal reflection microscope with a newly designed wedge prism, we obtained a spectral image of a single rhodamine red molecule attached to an essential light chain of myosin. We also obtained a spectral image of single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer between rhodamine red and Cy5 in a double-labeled myosin motor domain. This method could become a useful tool to investigate the dynamic processes of biomolecules at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Suzuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
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Lalwani AK, Goldstein JA, Kelley MJ, Luxford W, Castelein CM, Mhatre AN. Human nonsyndromic hereditary deafness DFNA17 is due to a mutation in nonmuscle myosin MYH9. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:1121-8. [PMID: 11023810 PMCID: PMC1288554 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9297(07)62942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2000] [Accepted: 09/13/2000] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors had previously mapped a new locus-DFNA17, for nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment-to chromosome 22q12.2-q13. 3. DFNA17 spans a 17- to 23-cM region, and MYH9, a nonmuscle-myosin heavy-chain gene, is located within the linked region. Because of the importance of myosins in hearing, MYH9 was tested as a candidate gene for DFNA17. Expression of MYH9 in the rat cochlea was confirmed using reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry. MYH9 was immunolocalized in the organ of Corti, the subcentral region of the spiral ligament, and the Reissner membrane. Sequence analysis of MYH9 in a family with DFNA17 identified, at nucleotide 2114, a G-->A transposition that cosegregated with the inherited autosomal dominant hearing impairment. This missense mutation changes codon 705 from an invariant arginine (R) to histidine (H), R705H, within a highly conserved SH1 linker region. Previous studies have shown that modification of amino acid residues within the SH1 helix causes dysfunction of the ATPase activity of the motor domain in myosin II. Both the precise role of MYH9 in the cochlea and the mechanism by which the R705H mutation leads to the DFNA17 phenotype (progressive hearing impairment and cochleosaccular degeneration) remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lalwani
- Laboratory of Molecular Otology, Epstein Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Lalwani AK, Goldstein JA, Kelley MJ, Luxford W, Castelein CM, Mhatre AN. Human Nonsyndromic Hereditary Deafness DFNA17 Is Due to a Mutation in Nonmuscle MyosinMYH9. Am J Hum Genet 2000. [DOI: 10.1086/321212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Sasaki N, Asukagawa H, Yasuda R, Hiratsuka T, Sutoh K. Deletion of the myopathy loop of Dictyostelium myosin II and its impact on motor functions. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:37840-4. [PMID: 10608848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the putative actin-binding sites of Dictyostelium myosin II is the beta-strand-turn-beta-strand structure (Ile(398)-Leu-Ala-Gly-Arg-Asp(403)-Leu-Val(405)), the "myopathy loop, " which is located at the distal end of the upper 50-kDa subdomain and next to the conserved arginine (Arg(397)), whose mutation in human cardiac myosin results in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The myopathy loop contains the TEDS residue (Asp(403)), which is a target of the heavy-chain kinase in myosin I. Moreover, the loop contains a cluster of hydrophobic residues (Ile(398), Leu(399), Leu(404), and Val(405)), whose side chains are fully exposed to the solvent. In our study, the myopathy loop was deleted from Dictyostelium myosin II to investigate its functional roles. The mutation abolished hydrophobic interactions of actin and myosin in the strong binding state during the ATPase cycle. Association of the mutant myosin and actin was maintained only through ionic interactions under these conditions. Without strong hydrophobic interactions, the mutant myosin still exhibited motor functions, although at low levels. It is likely that the observed defects resulted mainly from a loss of the cluster of hydrophobic residues, since replacement of Asp(403) or Arg(402) with alanine generated a mutant with less severe or no defects compared with those of the deletion mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Bobkova EA, Bobkov AA, Levitsky DI, Reisler E. Effects of SH1 and SH2 modifications on myosin: similarities and differences. Biophys J 1999; 76:1001-7. [PMID: 9916031 PMCID: PMC1300049 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of myosin modified at the SH2 group (Cys-697) were studied and compared with the previously reported properties of myosin modified at the SH1 group (Cys-707). 4-[N-[(iodoacetoxy)ethyl]-N methylamino]-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (IANBD) was used for selective modification of the SH2 group on myosin. SH2-labeled heavy meromyosin (SH2-HMM), similar to SH1-labeled HMM (SH1-HMM), did not propel actin filaments in the in vitro motility assays. SH1- and SH2-HMM produced similar amounts of load in the mixtures with unmodified HMM; the sliding speed of actin filaments gradually decreased with an increase in the fraction of either one of the modified HMMs in the mixture. In analogy to SH1-labeled myosin subfragment 1 (SH1-S1), SH2-labeled S1 (SH2-S1) activated regulated actin in the in vitro motility assays. SH2 modification inhibited Mg-ATPase of S1 and its activation by actin. The weak binding of S1 to actin was unaffected whereas the strong binding was weakened by SH2 modification. Overall, our results demonstrate similar behavior of SH1- and SH2-modified myosin heads in the in vitro motility assays despite some differences in their enzymatic properties. The effects of these modifications are ascribed to the location of the SH1-SH2 helix relative to other functional centers of S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bobkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA.
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