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Ji Z, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Yu R, Yang H, Zhou C, Luo J, Ke ZJ. Thiamine deficiency promotes T cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: the involvement of CCL2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2157-67. [PMID: 25063874 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease that results from the interplay between environmental factors and a susceptible genetic background. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Chemokines, such as CCL2, are involved in the development of EAE. We have previously shown that thiamine deficiency (TD) induced CCL2 in neurons. We hypothesized that TD may affect the pathogenesis of EAE. In this study, EAE was induced in C57BL/6J mice by the injection of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG) peptides 35-55 with or without TD. TD aggravated the development of EAE, which was indicated by clinical scores and pathologic alterations in the spinal cord. TD also accelerated the development of EAE in an adoptive transfer EAE model. TD caused microglial activation and a drastic increase (up 140%) in leukocyte infiltration in the spinal cord of the EAE mice; specifically, TD increased Th1 and Th17 cells. TD upregulated the expression of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Cells in peripheral lymph node and spleen isolated from MOG-primed TD mice showed much stronger proliferative responses to MOG. CCL2 stimulated the proliferation and migration of T lymphocytes in vitro. Our results suggested that TD exacerbated the development of EAE through activating CCL2 and inducing pathologic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ji
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiqin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ronghuan Yu
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | - Zun-Ji Ke
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang B, Parobchak N, Rosen T. RelB/NF-κB2 regulates corticotropin-releasing hormone in the human placenta. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1356-69. [PMID: 22734038 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental CRH may be part of a clock that governs the length of human gestation. The mechanism underlying differential regulation of CRH in the human placenta is poorly understood. We report here that constitutively activated RelB/nuclear factor-κB2 (NF-κB)-2 (p100/p52) acts as an endogenous stimulatory signal to regulate CRH by binding to an NF-κB enhancer of CRH gene promoter in the human placenta. Nuclear staining of NF-κB2 and RelB in villous syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts was coupled with cytoplasmic CRH in syncytial knots of cytotrophoblasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified that CRH gene associated with both RelB and NF-κB2 (p52). Dexamethasone increased synthesis and nuclear translocation of RelB and NF-κB2 (p52) and their association with the CRH gene. In contrast, progesterone, a down-regulator of placental CRH, repressed NF-κB2 (p100) processing, nuclear translocation of RelB and NF-κB2 (p52), and their association with the CRH gene. Luciferase reporter assay determined that the NF-κB enhancer of CRH was sufficient to regulate transcriptional activity of a heterologous promoter in primary cytotrophoblasts. RNA interference-mediated repression of RelB or NF-κB2 resulted in significant inhibition of CRH at both transcriptional and translational levels and prevented the dexamethasone-mediated up-regulation of CRH transcription and translation. These results suggest that the noncanonical NF-κB pathway regulates CRH production in the human placenta and is responsible for the positive regulation of CRH by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
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SAP suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 90:388-95. [PMID: 21647172 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4(+) T cell-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a highly conserved plasma protein named for its universal presence in amyloid deposits. Here we report that SAP-transgenic mice had unexpectedly attenuated EAE due to impaired encephalitogenic responses. Following induction with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55 in complete Freund's adjuvant, SAP-transgenic mice showed reduced spinal cord inflammation with lower severity of EAE attacks as compared with control C57BL/6 mice. However, in SAP-Knockout mice, the severity of EAE is enhanced. Adoptive transfer of Ag-restimulated T cells from wild type to SAP-transgenic mice, or transfer of SAP-transgenic Ag-restimulated T cells to control mice, induced milder EAE. T cells from MOG-primed SAP-transgenic mice showed weak proliferative responses. Furthermore, in SAP-transgenic mice, there is little infiltration of CD45-positive cells in the spinal cord. In vitro, SAP suppressed the secretion of interleukin-2 stimulated by P-selectin and blocked P-selectin binding to T cells. Moreover, SAP could change the affinity between α4-integrin and T cells. These data suggested that SAP could antagonize the development of the acute phase of inflammation accompanying EAE by modulating the function of P-selectin.
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Liu L, Huang D, Matsui M, He TT, Hu T, Demartino J, Lu B, Gerard C, Ransohoff RM. Severe disease, unaltered leukocyte migration, and reduced IFN-gamma production in CXCR3-/- mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:4399-409. [PMID: 16547278 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4(+) Th1 T cell-mediated disease of the CNS, used to study certain aspects of multiple sclerosis. CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11, is preferentially expressed on activated Th1 T cells and has been proposed to govern the migration of lymphocytes into the inflamed CNS during multiple sclerosis and EAE. Unexpectedly, CXCL10-deficient mice were susceptible to EAE, leaving uncertain what the role of CXCR3 and its ligands might play in this disease model. In this study, we report that CXCR3(-/-) mice exhibit exaggerated severity of EAE compared with wild-type (CXCR3(+/+)) littermate mice. Surprisingly, there were neither quantitative nor qualitative differences in CNS-infiltrating leukocytes between CXCR3(+/+) and CXCR3(-/-) mice with EAE. Despite these equivalent inflammatory infiltrates, CNS tissues from CXCR3(-/-) mice with EAE showed worsened blood-brain barrier disruption and more von Willebrand factor-immunoreactive vessels within inflamed spinal cords, as compared with CXCR3(+/+) mice. Spinal cords of CXCR3(-/-) mice with EAE demonstrated decreased levels of IFN-gamma, associated with reduced inducible NO synthase immunoreactivity, and lymph node T cells from CXCR3(-/-) mice primed with MOG(35-55) secreted less IFN-gamma in Ag-driven recall responses than cells from CXCR3(+/+) animals. CXCR3(-/-) lymph node T cells also showed enhanced Ag-driven proliferation, which was reduced by addition of IFN-gamma. Taken with prior findings, our data show that CXCL10 is the most relevant ligand for CXCR3 in EAE. CXCR3 does not govern leukocyte trafficking in EAE but modulates T cell IFN-gamma production and downstream events that affect disease severity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin Proteolipid Protein/pharmacology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Permeability
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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Xia YF, Ye BQ, Li YD, Wang JG, He XJ, Lin X, Yao X, Ma D, Slungaard A, Hebbel RP, Key NS, Geng JG. Andrographolide attenuates inflammation by inhibition of NF-kappa B activation through covalent modification of reduced cysteine 62 of p50. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4207-17. [PMID: 15356172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a central transcriptional factor and a pleiotropic regulator of many genes involved in immunological responses. During the screening of a plant extract library of traditional Chinese herbal medicines, we found that NF-kappaB activity was potently inhibited by andrographolide (Andro), an abundant component of the plant Andrographis that has been commonly used as a folk remedy for alleviation of inflammatory disorders in Asia for millennia. Mechanistically, it formed a covalent adduct with reduced cysteine (62) of p50, thus blocking the binding of NF-kappaB oligonucleotide to nuclear proteins. Andro suppressed the activation of NF-kappaB in stimulated endothelial cells, which reduced the expression of cell adhesion molecule E-selectin and prevented E-selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion under flow. It also abrogated the cytokine- and endotoxin-induced peritoneal deposition of neutrophils, attenuated septic shock, and prevented allergic lung inflammation in vivo. Notably, it had no suppressive effect on IkappaBalpha degradation, p50 and p65 nuclear translocation, or cell growth rates. Our results thus reveal a unique pharmacological mechanism of Andro's protective anti-inflammatory actions.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cysteine/metabolism
- Diterpenes/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes/metabolism
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- E-Selectin/biosynthesis
- E-Selectin/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- I-kappa B Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects
- Oligonucleotide Probes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oligonucleotide Probes/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Peritonitis/pathology
- Peritonitis/prevention & control
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Shock, Septic/prevention & control
- Transcription Factor RelA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wang B, Xiao Y, Ding BB, Zhang N, Yuan XB, Gui L, Qian KX, Duan S, Chen Z, Rao Y, Geng JG. Induction of tumor angiogenesis by Slit-Robo signaling and inhibition of cancer growth by blocking Robo activity. Cancer Cell 2003; 4:19-29. [PMID: 12892710 DOI: 10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Slit is a secreted protein known to function through the Roundabout (Robo) receptor as a chemorepellent in axon guidance and neuronal migration, and as an inhibitor in leukocyte chemotaxis. Here we show Slit2 expression in a large number of solid tumors and Robo1 expression in vascular endothelial cells. Recombinant Slit2 protein attracted endothelial cells and promoted tube formation in a Robo1- and phosphatidylinositol kinase-dependent manner. Neutralization of Robo1 reduced the microvessel density and the tumor mass of human malignant melanoma A375 cells in vivo. These findings demonstrate the angiogenic function of Slit-Robo signaling, reveal a mechanism in mediating the crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells, and indicate the effectiveness of blocking this signaling pathway in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
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Xia YF, Li YD, Li X, Geng JG. Identification of alternatively spliced Act1 and implications for its roles in oncogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 296:406-12. [PMID: 12163033 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Act1 (also called CIKS) is a recently identified molecule, which activates NF-kappaB and AP-1. Here, we identified alternatively spliced Act1 that lacked the exon 2 encoding the first nine amino acids in the amino terminus of the protein. Compared to full-length Act1, this truncated Act1 appeared to be equally active. We demonstrated further that only the spliced Act1 was detected in cDNA libraries derived from human fetal brain, liver, leukocytes, and bone marrow. In contrast, both the spliced and full-length Act1 templates were detected in a variety of human cancer cell lines. The expression of both the spliced and full-length transcripts was detected at 4-h time point, following the treatment of endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta or bacterial endotoxin. Notably, the dominant amounts of the spliced Act1 over the full-length Act1 were amplified from both the cancer cell mRNAs and the stimulated endothelial cell mRNAs. Taken together with the act1 chromosome localization at the 6q21 subregion, our findings indicate that the newly identified alternatively spliced Act1 is a major transcript of the molecule and that Act1 may play important roles in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, China
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Xia YF, Liu LP, Zhong CP, Geng JG. NF-kappaB activation for constitutive expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:851-6. [PMID: 11735124 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine stimulation can activate NF-kappaB that triggers inducible expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) in endothelial cells. In the previous study, we have shown that B lymphocytes and plasma cells can express E-selectin by constitutive activation of NF-kappaB. Here we show that human B lymphocytes and ARH-77 plasma cells expressed VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in a cytokine dispensable mechanism. NF-kappaB antagonists could inhibit their expressions in ARH-77 cells. The activities of NF-kappaB for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 promoters prior to cytokine stimulation were detected in ARH-77 cells using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Again, NF-kappaB antagonists could abrogate these promoter activities. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NF-kappaB activation is the underlying molecular mechanism for constitutive expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 on human B lymphocytes and plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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