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Bhagavatula D, Hasan TN, Vohra H, Khorami S, Hussain A. Delineating the Antiapoptotic Property of Apigenin as an Antitumor Agent: A Computational and In Vitro Study on HeLa Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24751-24760. [PMID: 38882173 PMCID: PMC11170653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavonoid, is reported to have multiple health benefits including cancer prevention; this study evaluates the drug likeliness and Swiss ADME properties of apigenin. Apoptosis, which is a key hallmark of cancer, is associated with the deregulation of the balance between proapoptotic proteins and antiapoptotic proteins such as BCL-2,BCL-xl, BFL-1, BCL-w, BRAG-16, and MCL-1. The docking studies of apigenin with the mentioned proteins was performed to identify the interactions between the ligand and proteins, which suggested that apigenin was able to bind to most of the proteins similar to the inhibitory molecules of its native structure. A remarkable reduction in the total energy after energy minimization of apigenin-antiapoptotic protein complexes suggested increased stability of the docked complexes. The same complexes were found to be stable over a 10 ns period of molecular simulation at 300 K. These findings advocated the study to evaluate apigenin's potential to inhibit the HeLa cells at 5, 10, and 15 μM concentrations in the clonogenic assay. Apigenin inhibited the colony-forming ability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner over a fortnight. Light microscopy of the treated cells displayed the morphological evidence characteristic of apoptosis in HeLa cells such as blebbing, spike formation, cytoplasmic oozing, and nuclear fragmentation. Thus, these results clearly indicate that apigenin may be used as a potential chemopreventive agent in cervical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Bhagavatula
- School of Life Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai 345050 ,United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarique Noorul Hasan
- School of Life Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai 345050 ,United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Sh. Tahnoon Bin Mohammed Medical City (STMC), Al Ain, Pure Health, Abu Dhabi 17822, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huzefa Vohra
- School of Life Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai 345050 ,United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherareh Khorami
- School of Life Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai 345050 ,United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai 345050 ,United Arab Emirates
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Naponelli V, Rocchetti MT, Mangieri D. Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5569. [PMID: 38791608 PMCID: PMC11122459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its propensity to metastasize, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thanks in part to their intrinsic low cytotoxicity, the effects of the flavonoid family in the prevention and treatment of various human cancers, both in vitro and in vivo, have received increasing attention in recent years. It is well documented that Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), among other flavonoids, is able to modulate key signaling molecules involved in the initiation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, as well as the oncogenic non-coding RNA network. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to emphasize some of the key events through which Apigenin suppresses cancer proliferation, focusing specifically on its ability to target key molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cell cycle arrest, and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Chou JC, Liu CC, Lee MF. Apigenin Suppresses MED28-Mediated Cell Growth in Human Liver Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38619972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids exhibit health-promoting benefits against multiple chronic diseases, including cancer. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), one flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables, is potentially applicable to chemoprevention. Despite considerable progress in the therapeutic regimen of liver cancer, its prognosis remains poor. MED28, a Mediator subunit for transcriptional activation, is implicated in the development of several types of malignancy; however, its role in liver cancer is unknown at present. In liver cancer, the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one major pathway involved in the oncogenic process. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of apigenin and MED28 in AKT/mTOR signaling in liver cancer. We first identified a connectivity score of 92.77 between apigenin treatment and MED28 knockdown in several cancer cell lines using CLUE, a cloud-based software platform to assess connectivity among compounds and genetic perturbagens. Higher expression of MED28 predicted a poorer survival prognosis; MED28 expression in liver cancer tissue was significantly higher than that of normal tissue, and it was positively correlated with tumor stage and grade in The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Cancer (TCGA-LIHC) data set. Knockdown of MED28 induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed the AKT/mTOR signaling in two human liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 and Huh 7, accompanied by less lipid accumulation and lower expression and nuclear localization of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Apigenin inhibited the expression of MED28, and the effect of apigenin mimicked that of the MED28 knockdown. On the other hand, the AKT/mTOR signaling was upregulated when MED28 was overexpressed. These data indicated that MED28 was associated with the survival prognosis and the progression of liver cancer by regulating AKT/mTOR signaling and apigenin appeared to inhibit cell growth through MED28-mediated mTOR signaling, which may be applicable as an adjuvant of chemotherapy or chemoprevention in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jou-Chia Chou
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chia Liu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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Omer AB, Fatima F, Ahmed MM, Aldawsari MF, Alalaiwe A, Anwer MK, Mohammed AA. Enhanced Apigenin Dissolution and Effectiveness Using Glycyrrhizin Spray-Dried Solid Dispersions Filled in 3D-Printed Tablets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3341. [PMID: 38137562 PMCID: PMC10742019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare glycyrrhizin-apigenin spray-dried solid dispersions and develop PVA filament-based 3D printlets to enhance the dissolution and therapeutic effects of apigenin (APN); three formulations (APN1-APN3) were proportioned from 1:1 to 1:3. A physicochemical analysis was conducted, which revealed process yields of 80.5-91% and APN content within 98.0-102.0%. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structural preservation of APN, while Powder-XRD analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry indicated its transformation from a crystalline to an amorphous form. APN2 exhibited improved flow properties, a lower Angle of Repose, and Carr's Index, enhancing compressibility, with the Hausner Ratio confirming favorable flow properties for pharmaceutical applications. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated superior performance with APN2, releasing up to 94.65% of the drug and revealing controlled release mechanisms with a lower mean dissolution time of 71.80 min and a higher dissolution efficiency of 19.2% compared to the marketed APN formulation. This signified enhanced dissolution and improved therapeutic onset. APN2 exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity; superior cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells (HCT-116), with a lower IC50 than APN pure; and increased antimicrobial activity. A stability study confirmed the consistency of APN2 after 90 days, as per ICH, with an f2 value of 70.59 for both test and reference formulations, ensuring reliable pharmaceutical development. This research underscores the potential of glycyrrhizin-apigenin solid dispersions for pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications, particularly highlighting the superior physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior, biological activities, and stability of APN2, while the development of a 3D printlet shell offers promise for enhanced drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes in colon cancer treatment, displaying advanced formulation and processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma B. Omer
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66433, Saudi Arabia
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Daneshvar S, Zamanian MY, Ivraghi MS, Golmohammadi M, Modanloo M, Kamiab Z, Pourhosseini SME, Heidari M, Bazmandegan G. A comprehensive view on the apigenin impact on colorectal cancer: Focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6789-6801. [PMID: 37970406 PMCID: PMC10630840 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Oncologists are facing challenges such as development of drug resistance and lack of suitable drug options for CC treatment. Flavonoids are a group of natural compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods. According to research, they have a potential role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Apigenin is a flavonoid that is present in many fruits and vegetables. It has been used as a natural antioxidant for a long time and has been considered due to its anticancer effects and low toxicity. The results of this review study show that apigenin has potential anticancer effects on CC cells through various mechanisms. In this comprehensive review, we present the cellular targets and signaling pathways of apigenin indicated to date in in vivo and in vitro CC models. Among the most important modulated pathways, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, JNK, STAT3, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, PKM2, and NF-kB have been described. Furthermore, apigenin suppresses the cell cycle in G2/M phase in CC cells. In CC cells, apigenin-induced apoptosis is increased by inhibiting the formation of autophagy. According to the results of this study, apigenin appears to have the potential to be a promising agent for CC therapy, but more research is required in the field of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics to establish the apigenin effects and its dosage for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Daneshvar
- Department of General SurgerySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | | | - Mona Modanloo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Zahra Kamiab
- Clinical Research Development UnitAli‐Ibn Abi‐Talib HospitalRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
- Department of Community MedicineSchool of MedicineRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ebrahim Pourhosseini
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Mahsa Heidari
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB)University of TehranTehranIran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Physiology‐Pharmacology Research CenterResearch Institute of Basic Medical SciencesRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySchool of MedicineRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
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Gomez-Urios C, Kalaydzhiev H, Blesa J, Esteve MJ, Nacheva E, Iserliyska D, Tomlekova N. Green Assessment of Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Advanced Potato Mutant Lines through UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS Quantification. Foods 2023; 12:2616. [PMID: 37444356 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes are one of the most consumed crops worldwide. They contain a high amount of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and vitamins with important antioxidant activities, which makes this crop of high biological value for human health. The goal of this research was to biochemically evaluate polyphenol levels and antioxidant capacities in parent and control genotypes compared to advanced mutant potato lines in the M1V8 generation. This will reveal the genetic changes that result from induced mutagenesis. The quantified compounds and the evaluated antioxidant activity boost the health benefits of consuming the improved mutant potatoes. In the present study, the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of eighteen mutant and initial potato genotypes were analyzed by UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and the ORAC method, respectively. In each of the hybrid combinations, mutant lines with an improved phenolic compound profile were observed. Representative samples from the third hybrid combination had notable increases in phenolic compound concentrations, as well as the presence of metabolites not found in the parental lines. With one exception, the remaining nine mutants showed significantly higher antioxidant capacities. The results will be used in future potato breeding programs, with participation of the valuable mutant lines containing new phenolic substances not present in the initial genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gomez-Urios
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Hristo Kalaydzhiev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies-Plovdiv, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jesus Blesa
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Esteve
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Emiliya Nacheva
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy-Sofia, 32 Brezovsko shosse St, 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dida Iserliyska
- Institute of Food Preservation and Quality-Plovdiv, Agricultural Academy-Sofia, 154 Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nasya Tomlekova
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy-Sofia, 32 Brezovsko shosse St, 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Kulaphisit M, Pomlok K, Saenjum C, Mungkornasawakul P, Trisuwan K, Wipasa J, Inta A, Smith DR, Lithanatudom P. The anti-leukemic activity of a luteolin-apigenin enriched fraction from an edible and ethnomedicinal plant, Elsholtzia stachyodes, is exerted through an ER stress/autophagy/cell cycle arrest/ apoptotic cell death signaling axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114375. [PMID: 36753951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elsholtzia is a genus in the family Lamiaceae, and some species in this genus are commonly used for food and in ethnomedicinal formulations by some ethnic groups of China and Thailand. Despite their apparent utility, few studies have been conducted to evaluate their potential as sources of medicinally active agents. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from three selected edible plant species of the genus Elsholtzia and the most promising extract was further characterized for the bioactive constituents and signaling mechanisms associated with the anti-leukemic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanolic extracts were screened for cytotoxicity using flow cytometry. HPLC and LC-MS were used to analyze the chemical constituents of the most potent fraction from E. stachyodes. The relevant mechanism of action was assessed by western blot and multispectral imaging flow cytometry (MIFC). RESULTS The most potent anti-leukemic activity was observed with the ethanolic extract from E. stachyodes. Luteolin and apigenin were characterized as the major constituents in the fraction from E. stachyodes. Mechanistically, the luteolin-apigenin enriched fraction (LAEF) induced the UPR, increased autophagic flux, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. LAEF showed significantly less cytotoxicity towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as compared to leukemia cell lines. CONCLUSION This study is the first to report E. stachyodes as a new source of luteolin and apigenin which are capable of triggering leukemic cell death. This could lead to a novel strategy against leukemia using ethnomedicinal plant extracts as an alternative or supplemental anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattapong Kulaphisit
- PhD Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kumpanat Pomlok
- PhD Degree Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-based Economic and Society, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Kongkiat Trisuwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraprapa Wipasa
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Angkana Inta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pathrapol Lithanatudom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-based Economic and Society, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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The Role of Selective Flavonoids on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Update. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many types of breast cancer (BC), Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most alarming. It lacks receptors for the three main biomarkers: estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor, hence the name TNBC. This makes its treatment a challenge. Surgical procedures and chemotherapy, performed either alone or in combination, seem to be the primary therapeutic possibilities; however, they are accompanied by severe complications. Currently, the formulation of drugs using natural products has been playing an important role in the pharmaceutical industries, owing to the drugs’ increased efficacies and significantly lessened side effects. Hence, treating TNBC with chemotherapeutic drugs developed using natural products such as flavonoids in the near future is much warranted. Flavonoids are metabolic compounds largely present in all plants, vegetables, and fruits, such as blueberries, onions, (which are widely used to make red wine,) chocolates, etc. Flavonoids are known to have enormous health benefits, such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties. They are known to arrest the cell cycle of the tumor cells and induces apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase activity. They show a considerable effect on cell proliferation and viability and angiogenesis. Various studies were performed at both the biochemical and molecular levels. The importance of flavonoids in cancer treatment and its methods of extraction and purification to date have been reported as individual publications. However, this review article explains the potentiality of flavonoids against TNBC in the preclinical levels and also emphasizes their molecular mechanism of action, along with a brief introduction to its methods of extraction, isolation, and purification in general, emphasizing the fact that its quantum of yield if enhanced and its possible synergistic effects with existing chemotherapeutics may pave the way for better anticancer agents of natural origin and significantly lessened side-effects.
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Moslehi M, Rezaei S, Talebzadeh P, Ansari MJ, Jawad MA, Jalil AT, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Jafarzadeh E, Taeb S, Najafi M. Apigenin in cancer therapy: Prevention of genomic instability and anticancer mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:3-18. [PMID: 36111951 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer has been growing worldwide. Better survival rates following the administration of novel drugs and new combination therapies may concomitantly cause concern regarding the long-term adverse effects of cancer therapy, for example, second primary malignancies. Moreover, overcoming tumour resistance to anticancer agents has been long considered as a critical challenge in cancer research. Some low toxic adjuvants such as herb-derived molecules may be of interest for chemoprevention and overcoming the resistance of malignancies to cancer therapy. Apigenin is a plant-derived molecule with attractive properties for chemoprevention, for instance, promising anti-tumour effects, which may make it a desirable adjuvant to reduce genomic instability and the risks of second malignancies among normal tissues. Moreover, it may improve the efficiency of anticancer modalities. This paper aims to review various effects of apigenin in both normal tissues and malignancies. In addition, we explain how apigenin may have the ability to protect usual cells against the genotoxic repercussions following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of apigenin on tumours will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moslehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pourya Talebzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Nima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Serim E, Ceylan B, Kepekci Tekkeli SE. Determination of Apigenin in Cosmetics Containing Chamomile by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection (HPLC-UV). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2155180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Serim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ceylan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Serife Evrim Kepekci Tekkeli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry,Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Peanlikhit T, Honikel L, Liu J, Zimmerman T, Rithidech K. Countermeasure efficacy of apigenin for silicon-ion-induced early damage in blood and bone marrow of exposed C57BL/6J mice. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:44-52. [PMID: 36336369 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the countermeasure efficacy of apigenin (AP), given as a diet supplement, for radiation-induced damage in the hematopoietic tissues collected on day 7 after a total-body exposure of male C57BL/6J mice to 0 or 0.5 Gy of 260 MeV/n silicon (28Si) ions. We gave food with AP at the concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) (AP20) or without AP (AP0) to mice before and after irradiation. There were four groups of mice (six mice in each): Group 1- Control, i.e. No Radiation (0 Gy) with AP0; Group 2 - Radiation (0.5 Gy) with AP0; Group 3 - No Radiation (0 Gy) with AP20; and Group 4 - Radiation (0.5 Gy) with AP20. The complete blood count (CBC) and differential blood count were performed for each mouse. In the same mouse, an anti-clastogenic activity of AP was evaluated using the in vivo blood-erythrocyte micronucleus (MN) assay. Further in each mouse, bone marrow (BM) cells were collected and used for measuring the levels of activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6). We used the colony-forming unit assay (CFU-A) as a tool to study the countermeasure efficacy of AP against the harmful effects of 28Si ions on the proliferation of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our results showed that AP is highly effective not only in the prevention of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia but also in the enhancement of erythropoiesis and the proliferation of HSPCs. We also observed the potent anti-clastogenic activity of AP given to mice as a diet supplement. Further, we found that AP is very effective in the suppression of activated NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that AP given as a diet supplement protects mice from 28Si-ion-induced damage in the hematopoietic tissues of irradiated male C57BL/6J mice via its anti-inflammation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanat Peanlikhit
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Louise Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8611, USA
| | - Kanokporn Rithidech
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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Mroczek J, Pikula S, Suski S, Weremiejczyk L, Biesaga M, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A. Apigenin Modulates AnxA6- and TNAP-Mediated Osteoblast Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13179. [PMID: 36361965 PMCID: PMC9658728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralization-competent cells like osteoblasts and chondrocytes release matrix vesicles (MVs) which accumulate Ca2+ and Pi, creating an optimal environment for apatite formation. The mineralization process requires the involvement of proteins, such as annexins (Anx) and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as low molecular-weight compounds. Apigenin, a flavonoid compound, has been reported to affect bone metabolism, but there are doubts about its mechanism of action under physiological and pathological conditions. In this report, apigenin potency to modulate annexin A6 (AnxA6)- and TNAP-mediated osteoblast mineralization was explored using three cell lines: human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19, human osteosarcoma Saos-2, and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells HCASMC. We compared the mineralization competence, the morphology and composition of minerals, and the protein distribution in control and apigenin-treated cells and vesicles. The mineralization ability was monitored by AR-S/CPC analysis, and TNAP activity was determined by ELISA assay. Apigenin affected the mineral structure and modulated TNAP activity depending on the concentration. We also observed increased mineralization in Saos-2 cells. Based on TEM-EDX, we found that apigenin influenced the mineral composition. This flavonoid also disturbed the intracellular distribution of AnxA6 and TNAP, especially blocking AnxA6 aggregation and TNAP attachment to the membrane, as examined by FM analysis of cells and TEM-gold analysis of vesicles. In summary, apigenin modulates the mineralization process by regulating AnxA6 and TNAP, as well as through various effects on normal and cancer bone tissues or atherosclerotic soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mroczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilianna Weremiejczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Biesaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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The Potential Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186051. [PMID: 36144783 PMCID: PMC9505045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of advances in the treatment of cancer, currently used treatment modules including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy causes adverse effects and kills the normal cells. Therefore, the goal of more effective and less side effects-based cancer treatment approaches is still at the primary position of present research. Medicinal plants or their bioactive ingredients act as dynamic sources of drugs due to their having less side effects and also shows the role in reduction of resistance against cancer therapy. Apigenin is an edible plant-derived flavonoid that has received significant scientific consideration for its health-promoting potential through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and various other biological activities. Moreover, the anti-cancer potential of apigenin is confirmed through its ability to modulate various cell signalling pathways, including tumor suppressor genes, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, inflammation, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK and STAT3 pathways. The current review mainly emphases the potential role of apigenin in different types of cancer through the modulation of various cell signaling pathways. Further studies based on clinical trials are needed to explore the role of apigenin in cancer management and explain the possible potential mechanisms of action in this vista.
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Comprehensive Quality and Bioactive Constituent Analysis of Celery Juice Made from Different Cultivars. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182719. [PMID: 36140847 PMCID: PMC9498075 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celery juice is rich in bioactive constituents, has good health properties, and is becoming much more popular, with its demand continuing to rise. The results of this study show that celery juice from Chinese cultivars contains more bioactive constituents, whereas celery cultivars from the United States and European countries have a higher juice yield. Compared with the other juices, the juices of five cultivars may taste sweeter, and the juices of three cultivars had a higher antioxidant capacity. The juices of six cultivars (three with the highest antioxidant capacity and three with the lowest antioxidant capacity) were selected to analyze bioactive constituents by LC/MS and GC/MS. A total of 71 phenolic acids, 38 flavonoids, 18 coumarins, 41 terpenoids, and 11 phthalides were detected in the juices of the six celery cultivars. The contents of 14 compounds had a more than 10-fold difference among these celery juices. This study first evaluated the comprehensive quality of the juices made from 26 celery cultivars and then analyzed the differences in bioactive constituents in the juices of6 celery cultivars. These findings provide information for the further study on the health functions of celery juice and can also guide celery juice production and celery breeding.
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Nabipour H, Wang X, Song L, Hu Y. Intrinsically Anti-Flammable Apigenin-derived Epoxy Thermosets with High Glass Transition Temperature and Mechanical Strength. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Network pharmacology-based study on apigenin present in the methanolic fraction of leaves extract of Cestrum nocturnum L. to uncover mechanism of action on hepatocellular carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:155. [PMID: 35852639 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. In more than 80% of people liver cancer-related death is due to its poor prognosis. The flavonoids obtained from natural sources have potent therapeutic effects on HCC. The flavonoid rich methanolic fraction obtained from ethyl acetate extract of leaf of Cestrum nocturnum (MFLCN) was analyzed by UPLC-QTOFMS/MS for the presence of different flavonoids. The physiochemical and pharmacokinetics properties of the identified flavonoids were performed by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). It was selected on the basis of Lipinski rule and hepatotoxicity evaluations. The potential gene dataset of HCC were taken from gene card database and targets compounds were selected from target net prediction. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of HCC was performed via enricher and David web tools. Cytoscape was used to visualize targets and network pathways. MFLCN contains 33 flavonoids. Among these flavonoids, apigenin was selected as principal active compound on the basis of their pharmacokinetic and ADMET properties. Apigenin has 92 targets out of 627 total targets related to HCC, while there was13 pathways in the target-pathway network. Results revealed that apigenin regulates cell proliferation and survival, primarily through different signaling pathways like estrogen, VEGF, PI3K/AKT1, TNF, FoXO, and Ras signaling pathways. Thus, integrating network pharmacology prediction with m-RNA and human protein atlas validation could be an effective method for understanding the molecular mechanism of apigenin on HCC.
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Pharmacological Properties of 4′, 5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone (Apigenin) and Its Impact on Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134304. [PMID: 35807549 PMCID: PMC9267958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive compounds, particularly apigenin, have therapeutic potential and functional activities that aid in the prevention of infectious diseases in many mammalian bodies and promote tumor growth inhibition. Apigenin is a flavonoid with low toxicities and numerous bioactive properties due to which it has been considered as a traditional medicine for decades. Apigenin shows synergistic effects in combined treatment with sorafenib in the HepG2 human cell line (HCC) in less time and statistically reduces the viability of tumor cells, migration, gene expression and apoptosis. The combination of anti-cancerous drugs with apigenin has shown health promoting potential against various cancers. It can prevent cell mobility, maintain the cell cycle and stimulate the immune system. Apigenin also suppresses mTOR activity and raises the UVB-induced phagocytosis and reduces the cancerous cell proliferation and growth. It also has a high safety threshold, and active (anti-cancer) doses can be gained by consuming a vegetable and apigenin rich diet. Apigenin also boosted autophagosome formation, decreased cell proliferation and activated autophagy by preventing the activity of the PI3K pathway, specifically in HepG2 cells. This paper provides an updated overview of apigenin’s beneficial anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer effects, making it a step in the right direction for therapeutics. This study also critically analyzed the effect of apigenin on cancer cell signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT/MTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and ERK/MAPK pathways.
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Hnit SST, Yao M, Xie C, Bi L, Wong M, Liu T, De Souza P, Li Z, Dong Q. Apigenin impedes cell cycle progression at G 2 phase in prostate cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:44. [PMID: 35670862 PMCID: PMC9174405 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural flavone, apigenin is abundantly present in vegetables, fruits, oregano, tea, chamomile, wheat sprout and is regarded as a major component of the Mediterranean diet. Apigenin is known to inhibit proliferation in different cancer cell lines by inducing G2/M arrest, but it is unclear whether this action is predominantly imposed on G2 or M phases. In this study, we demonstrate that apigenin arrests prostate cancer cells at G2 phase by flow cytometric analysis of prostate cancer cells co-stained for phospho-Histone H3 and DNA. Concurrently, apigenin also reduces the mRNA and protein levels of the key regulators that govern G2-M transition. Further analysis using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed the diminished transcriptional activities of the genes coding for these regulators. Unravelling the inhibitory effect of apigenin on G2-M transition in cancer cells provides the mechanistic understanding of its action and supports the potential for apigenin as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Su Thae Hnit
- Chinese Medicine Anti-cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mu Yao
- Chinese Medicine Anti-cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chanlu Xie
- Chinese Medicine Anti-cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew Wong
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul De Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney , Australia
| | - Zhong Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Beijing, China.
| | - Qihan Dong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2006, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Casticin Impacts Key Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Cells Leading to Cell Death with Therapeutic Implications. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050815. [PMID: 35627200 PMCID: PMC9141418 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently encountered cancer worldwide. While current chemotherapeutics help to manage the disease to some extent, they have eluded achieving complete remission and are limited by their severe side effects. This warrants exploration of novel agents that are efficacious with anticipation of minimal adverse effects. In the current study, casticin, a tetramethoxyflavone, was tested for its ability to inhibit the viability of three human colorectal cancer cells: adenocarcinoma (DLD-1, Caco-2 cell lines) and human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116 cell line). Casticin showed potent inhibition of viability of DLD-1 and HCT116 cells. Clonogenic assay performed in DLD-1 cells revealed that casticin impeded the colony-forming efficiency of the cells, suggesting its impact on the proliferation of these cells. Further, a sustained effect of the inhibitory action upon withdrawal of the treatment was observed. Elucidation of the mechanism of action revealed that casticin impacted the extrinsic programmed cell death pathway, leading to an increase in apoptotic cells. Further, Bcl-2, the key moiety of cell survival, was affected. Notably, a significant number of cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in DLD-1 cells. Due to the multifaceted action of casticin, we envision that treatment with casticin could provide an efficacious treatment option for colorectal adenocarcinomas with minimal side effects.
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Al Mamun A, Sufian MA, Uddin MS, Sumsuzzman DM, Jeandet P, Islam MS, Zhang HJ, Kong AN, Sarwar MS. Exploring the role of senescence inducers and senotherapeutics as targets for anticancer natural products. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:174991. [PMID: 35513016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, cancer has remained one of the deadliest diseases that endanger human health, emphasizing urgent drug discovery. Cellular senescence has gained a great deal of attention in recent years because of its link to the development of cancer therapy. Senescent cells are incapable of proliferating due to irreversibly inhibited the initiation of the cell cycle pathways. However, senescent cells aggregate in tissues and produce a pro-inflammatory secretome called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can cause serious harmful effects if not managed properly. There is mounting evidence that senescent cells lead to various phases of tumorigenesis in various anatomical sites, owing mostly to the paracrine activities of the SASP. Therefore, a new treatment field called senotherapeutics has been established. Senotherapeutics are newly developed anticancer agents that have been demonstrated to inhibit cancer effectively. In light of recent findings, several promising natural products have been identified as senescence inducers and senotherapeutics, including, miliusanes, epigallocatechin gallate, phloretin, silybin, resveratrol, genistein, sulforaphane, quercetin, allicin, fisetin, piperlongumine, berberine, triptolide, tocotrienols and curcumin analogs. Several of them have already been validated through preclinical trials and exert an enormous potential for clinical trials. This review article focuses on and summarises the latest advances on cellular senescence and its potential as a target for cancer treatment and highlights the well-known natural products as senotherapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Cirsilineol inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in glioma C6 cells via inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Bao Y, Wu X, Jin X, Kanematsu A, Nojima M, Kakehi Y, Yamamoto S. Apigenin inhibits renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation through G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:60. [PMID: 35088891 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid widely presented in fruits and vegetables, and is known to possess anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of apigenin on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. These effects on cell growth were evaluated using a cell counting kit, while cell cycle distribution was investigated by flow cytometry following propidium iodide DNA staining. The human RCC cell lines, Caki‑1, ACHN, and NC65, were each treated with 1‑100 µM apigenin for 24 h, which resulted in concentration‑dependent cell growth inhibition, with the effects confirmed by trypan blue staining. Furthermore, even when the apigenin treatment period was shortened to 3 h, the same cytostatic effect on RCC cells was noted. Similarly, a concentration‑dependent cell growth inhibitory effect was also observed in primary RCC cells, as apigenin induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and reduced the expression levels of cyclin A, B1, D3, and E in RCC cells in both dose‑ and time‑dependent manners. These findings suggest the possibility of the use of apigenin as a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of RCC due to its anticancer activity and ability to function as a cell cycle modulating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Bao
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Xiuxian Wu
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Xinghua Jin
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanematsu
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Michio Nojima
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kakehi
- Department of Urology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa 761‑0793, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
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Oyenihi OR, Oyenihi AB, Alabi TD, Tade OG, Adeyanju AA, Oguntibeju OO. Reactive oxygen species: Key players in the anticancer effects of apigenin? J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14060. [PMID: 34997605 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit a double-edged sword in cancer-hence their modulation has been an attractive strategy in cancer prevention and therapy. The abundance of scientific information on the pro-oxidant effects of apigenin in cancer cells suggests the crucial role of ROS in its mechanisms of action. Although apigenin is known to enhance the cellular ROS levels to cytotoxic degrees in cancer cells in vitro, it remains to be determined if these pro-oxidant effects prevail or are relevant in experimental tumor models and clinical trials. Here, we critically examine the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of apigenin in cancer to provide insightful perspectives on the association between its ROS-modulating action and anticancer potential. We also discussed these effects in a cell/tissue type-specific context to highlight the factors influencing the switch between antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. Finally, we raised some questions that need addressing for the potential translation of these studies into clinical applications. Further research into this duality in oxidant actions of apigenin, especially in vivo, may enable better exploitation of its anticancer potential. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound found in chamomile flowers, parsley, celery, peppermint, and citrus fruits. Many human trials of dietary interventions with apigenin-containing herbs and flavonoid mixture on oxidative stress markers, for instance, point to their antioxidant effects and health benefits in many diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that apigenin alone or its combination with chemotherapeutics has a strong anti-neoplastic effect and can induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity at concentrations in the micromolar (μM) range, which may not be feasible with dietary interventions. Enhancing the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of apigenin may be indispensable for its potential cancer-specific pro-oxidant therapy and may provide relevant information for clinical studies of apigenin either as a single agent or an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R Oyenihi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji B Oyenihi
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Toyin D Alabi
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin G Tade
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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WAN J, HUANG M. Apigenin inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition of glioma cells by regulating miR-103a-3p/NEED9/AKT axis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing WAN
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Min HUANG
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Nozhat Z, Heydarzadeh S, Memariani Z, Ahmadi A. Chemoprotective and chemosensitizing effects of apigenin on cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:574. [PMID: 34715860 PMCID: PMC8555304 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy is one of the major obstacles in cancer treatment. Although synthetic radiosensitizers are pragmatic solution to enhance tumor sensitivity, they pose concerns of toxicity and non-specificity. In the last decades, scientists scrutinized novel plant-derived radiosensitizers and chemosensitizers, such as flavones, owing to their substantial physiological effects like low toxicity and non-mutagenic properties on the human cells. The combination therapy with apigenin is potential candidate in cancer therapeutics. This review explicates the combinatorial strategies involving apigenin to overcome drug resistance and boost the anti-cancer properties. Methods We selected full-text English papers on international databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1972 up to 2020. The keywords included in the search were: Apigenin, Chemoprotective, Chemosensitizing, Side Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms. Results In this review, we focused on combination therapy, particularly with apigenin augmenting the anti-cancer effects of chemo drugs on tumor cells, reduce their side effects, subdue drug resistance, and protect healthy cells. The reviewed research data implies that these co-therapies exhibited a synergistic effect on various cancer cells, where apigenin sensitized the chemo drug through different pathways including a significant reduction in overexpressed genes, AKT phosphorylation, NFκB, inhibition of Nrf2, overexpression of caspases, up-regulation of p53 and MAPK, compared to the monotherapies. Meanwhile, contrary to the chemo drugs alone, combined treatments significantly induced apoptosis in the treated cells. Conclusion Briefly, our analysis proposed that the combination therapies with apigenin could suppress the unwanted toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. It is believed that these expedient results may pave the path for the development of drugs with a high therapeutic index. Nevertheless, human clinical trials are a prerequisite to consider the potential use of apigenin in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. Conclusively, the clinical trials to comprehend the role of apigenin as a chemoprotective agent are still in infancy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nozhat
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Sarigul Sezenoz A, Akkoyun I, Helvacioglu F, Haberal N, Dagdeviren A, Bacanli D, Yilmaz G, Oto S. Antiproliferative and Mitochondrial Protective Effects of Apigenin in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy In Vivo Mouse Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:580-590. [PMID: 34665015 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of a common dietary flavonoid apigenin on retinal endothelial cell proliferation, retinal morphological structure, and apoptotic cell death in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model to evaluate the possibility of the use of apigenin in the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases (ONDs). Methods: Ninety-six newborn C57BL/6J mice were included. Eight groups were randomized, each including 12 mice. Two negative control groups were kept in room air: the first without any injection and the second received intravitreal (IV) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is the solvent we used. The OIR groups were exposed to 75% ± 2% oxygen from postnatal days (PD) 7 to 12. On PD 12, the mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups: 2 OIR control groups (1 received no injection, 1 received IV-DMSO), 2 IV-apigenin groups (10 and 20 μg/mL), and 2 intraperitoneal (IP)-apigenin groups (10 and 20 mg/kg). We quantified retinal endothelial cell proliferation by counting neovascular tufts in cross-sections and examined histological and ultrastructural changes through light and electron microscopy. We evaluated apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Results: We detected a significant increase in endothelial cell proliferation in the OIR groups. Groups receiving apigenin, both IP and IV, had significant decreases in endothelial cells, atypical mitochondrion count, and apoptotic cells compared with the groups receiving no injections. None of the apigenin-injected groups revealed cystic degeneration or cell loss. Conclusions: Apigenin suppresses neovascularization, has antiapoptotic and antioxidative effects in an OIR mouse model, and can be considered a promising agent for treating OND. Clinical trial (Project number: DA15/19).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imren Akkoyun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Helvacioglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Haberal
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Attila Dagdeviren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Bacanli
- Baskent University Laboratory Animal Breeding and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gursel Yilmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Oto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Apigenin enhances apoptosis induction by 5-fluorouracil through regulation of thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer cells. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102144. [PMID: 34562873 PMCID: PMC8476449 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although effective drugs have been developed, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) shows low therapeutic sensitivity resulting from the development of 5-FU resistance. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Here, we tested the efficacy of several candidate phytochemicals against human CRC-derived HCT116 cells expressing wild-type tumor suppressor protein P53 and HT29 cells expressing mutant P53. Among them, we found that apigenin enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell viability. In addition, apigenin inhibited the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU. Apigenin also potentiated 5-FU-induced apoptosis of HCT116 cells and enhanced cell cycle disruption. Furthermore, apigenin increased reactive oxygen species production, intracellular and intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, and mitochondrial membrane potential upon cotreatment with 5-FU. Knockdown of forkhead box protein M, a transcription factor modulating 5-FU sensitivity, enhanced the potentiation of apoptosis by apigenin in HCT116 cells. Moreover, apigenin suppressed TS expression and inhibited the viability of 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. Therefore, apigenin may improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU against CRC by suppressing TS, but apoptosis induction is mainly dependent on functional P53. Apigenin inhibits the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU for apoptosis of CRC. FOXM1 silencing enhances the potentiation of apoptosis by apigenin. Suppressing TS and promoting P53 activity by apigenin reduce acquired 5-FU resistance.
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George BP, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091455. [PMID: 34573087 PMCID: PMC8466984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external agents to slow down or suppress cancer growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful in cancer chemoprevention. The occurrence of global cancer type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. Cancer is often preventable in developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it is a painful death sentence in developing and low-income countries due to the lack of modern therapies and awareness. One best practice to identify cancer control measures is to study the origin and risk factors associated with common types. Based on these factors and the health status of patients, stage, and severity of cancer, type of treatment is decided. Even though there are well-established therapies, cancer still stands as one of the major causes of death and a public health burden globally. Research shows that most cancers can be prevented, treated, or the incidence can be delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported to reduce various risk factors associated with different types of cancer through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights the role of bioactive compounds or natural products from plants in the chemoprevention of cancer. There are many plant based dietary factors involved in the chemoprevention process. The review discusses the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention using plants and phytocompounds, with special reference to five major chemopreventive phytocompounds. The article also summarizes the important chemopreventive mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the process. Since the role of antioxidants in chemoprevention is inevitable, an insight into plant-based antioxidant compounds that fight against this dreadful disease at various stages of carcinogenesis and disease progression is discussed. This will fill the research gap in search of chemopreventive natural compounds and encourage scientists in clinical trials of anticancer agents from plants.
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Current Perspective on the Natural Compounds and Drug Delivery Techniques in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112765. [PMID: 34199460 PMCID: PMC8199612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the belligerent neoplasia that metastasize to other brain regions and invade nearby healthy tissues. However, the treatments available are associated with some limitations, such as high variations in solid tumors and deregulation of multiple cellular pathways. The heterogeneity of the GBM tumor and its aggressive infiltration into the nearby tissues makes it difficult to treat. Hence, the development of multimodality therapy that can be more effective, novel, with fewer side effects, improving the prognosis for GBM is highly desired. This review evaluated the use of natural phytoconstituents as an alternative for the development of a new therapeutic strategy. The key aspects of GBM and the potential of drug delivery techniques were also assessed, for tumor site delivery with limited side-effects. These efforts will help to provide better therapeutic options to combat GBM in future. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the debilitating brain tumors, being associated with extremely poor prognosis and short median patient survival. GBM is associated with complex pathogenesis with alterations in various cellular signaling events, that participate in cell proliferation and survival. The impairment in cellular redox pathways leads to tumorigenesis. The current standard pharmacological regimen available for glioblastomas, such as radiotherapy and surgical resection following treatment with chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide, remains fatal, due to drug resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, the demand for an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM remains elusive. Hopefully, novel products from natural compounds are suggested as possible solutions. They protect glial cells by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting pro-oncogene events and intensifying the potent anti-tumor therapies. Targeting aberrant cellular pathways in the amelioration of GBM could promote the development of new therapeutic options that improve patient quality of life and extend survival. Consequently, our review emphasizes several natural compounds in GBM treatment. We also assessed the potential of drug delivery techniques such as nanoparticles, Gliadel wafers and drug delivery using cellular carriers which could lead to a novel path for the obliteration of GBM.
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Messeha SS, Zarmouh NO, Soliman KFA. Polyphenols Modulating Effects of PD-L1/PD-1 Checkpoint and EMT-Mediated PD-L1 Overexpression in Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051718. [PMID: 34069461 PMCID: PMC8159140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating dietary polyphenolic compounds as antitumor agents are rising due to the growing evidence of the close association between immunity and cancer. Cancer cells elude immune surveillance for enhancing their progression and metastasis utilizing various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) cell phenotype activation. In addition to its role in stimulating normal embryonic development, EMT has been identified as a critical driver in various aspects of cancer pathology, including carcinogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, EMT conversion to another phenotype, Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET), is crucial in developing cancer metastasis. A central mechanism in the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in various cancer types is EMT signaling activation. In breast cancer (BC) cells, the upregulated level of PD-L1 has become a critical target in cancer therapy. Various signal transduction pathways are involved in EMT-mediated PD-L1 checkpoint overexpression. Three main groups are considered potential targets in EMT development; the effectors (E-cadherin and Vimentin), the regulators (Zeb, Twist, and Snail), and the inducers that include members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Meanwhile, the correlation between consuming flavonoid-rich food and the lower risk of cancers has been demonstrated. In BC, polyphenols were found to downregulate PD-L1 expression. This review highlights the effects of polyphenols on the EMT process by inhibiting mesenchymal proteins and upregulating the epithelial phenotype. This multifunctional mechanism could hold promises in the prevention and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Najla O. Zarmouh
- Faculty of Medical Technology-Misrata, Libyan National Board for Technical & Vocational Education, Misrata LY72, Libya;
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-599-3306; Fax: +1-850-599-3667
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Xu L, Zaky MY, Yousuf W, Ullah A, Abdelbaset GR, Zhang Y, Ahmed OM, Liu S, Liu H. The Anticancer Potential of Apigenin Via Immunoregulation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:479-489. [PMID: 32660399 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200713171137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin is an edible flavonoid widely distributed in natural plants, including most vegetables and fruits. Previous studies have revealed that apigenin possesses multiple biological functions by demonstrating antiinflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and cardiovascular protective effects. Furthermore, recent progressions have disclosed a novel perspective of the anti-cancer roles of apigenin through its immunoregulatory functions. With the rapid progression of the groundbreaking strategies being developed for cancer immunotherapy, its immunoregulatory roles are being recognized as intriguing features of the multifaceted apigenin. However, the current understanding of this emerging role of apigenin still remains limited. Therefore, in the present review, recent advances on the immunoregulatory properties of apigenin in various diseases with a special focus on neoplasm, are summarized. Clinical strategies of cancer immunotherapy are briefly introduced and findings on apigenin linked to immunoregulatory roles in immunotherapy-associated aspects are brought together. The bioactivity, bioavailability, toxicity and potential of apigenin, to be considered as a therapeutic agent in anti-tumor immunotherapy, is discussed. Disclosed molecular mechanisms underlying the immunoregulatory roles of apigenin in cancer immunotherapy are also summarized. Based on findings from the literature, apigenin has the potential to serve as a prospective adjuvant for anti-cancer immunotherapy and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Waleed Yousuf
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Anwar Ullah
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gehad R Abdelbaset
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Sahindokuyucu-Kocasari F, Akyol Y, Ozmen O, Erdemli-Kose SB, Garli S. Apigenin alleviates methotrexate-induced liver and kidney injury in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1721-1731. [PMID: 33845614 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer and inflammatory diseases, but its clinical use has been restricted due to its toxicity. Apigenin (API) is an effective flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of API against MTX-induced liver and kidney toxicity. Four groups with 12 male mice each were used. The control and API groups were received 0.9% saline (ip) and API (3 mg/kg ip) for 4 days, respectively. The MTX group were given a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg ip) on the fourth day. The MTX + API group were administered API for 7 days and then MTX on fourth day. Blood, liver and kidney were collected to evaluate tissue injury markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments. In MTX-treated group, significant increases in aminotransferases activities, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significant decreases in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined compared to the control group. Furthermore, histopathological changes and significant increases in caspase-3, C-reactive protein (CRP), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were detected in both liver and kidney tissues of MTX-treated mice. Pretreatment with API alleviates liver and kidney toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and tissue injury markers, histopathological alterations, and apoptosis and inflammation. These results suggest that API has a protective effect against oxidative stress and liver-kidney toxicity induced by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sahindokuyucu-Kocasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Y Akyol
- Provincial Health Directorate, Burdur, Turkey
| | - O Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - S B Erdemli-Kose
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - S Garli
- Animal Experiments Production and Experimental Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 175651Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Therapeutic Implications of a Polymethoxylated Flavone, Tangeretin, in the Management of Cancer via Modulation of Different Molecular Pathways. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:4709818. [PMID: 33748757 PMCID: PMC7954633 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4709818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormalities in neurotransmitter metabolism leading to toxicity. Because there have been no therapeutic strategies developed to target inflammation and oxidative stress, there is a continuing need for new and improved therapy. As a result, there has been increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine with anticancer potential. Studies have shown that the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of citrus fruits are promising natural phytochemicals in the development of new anticancer agents. Tangeretin is a naturally polymethoxylated flavone compound extracted from the citrus peel that has shown significant intestinal absorption and adequate bioavailability, with the added benefit of promoting longevity. In addition, tangeretin is known to exhibit considerable selective toxicity to many types of cancer cell proliferation such as ovarian, brain, blood, and skin cancer. Evidence indicates that tangeretin acts through several mechanisms including growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, autophagy, antiangiogenesis, and estrogenic-like effects. Furthermore, tangeretin works through mitigating levels of inflammatory mediators in the immune system. Using tangeretin in combination with clinically applied anticancer drugs could be a good strategy for increasing the efficiency of these agents and protecting noncancerous cells from damage caused by chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight the protective effects of a novel natural product, tangeretin against chemotherapeutic-induced toxicity. The development of chemoprevention strategies can lead to significant health care improvement in cancer survivors. Thus, study outcomes may attract more investigators to conduct tangeretin-related research and find out potentially significant impacts on health care of cancer patients and decreased health problems associated with chemotherapeutics-induced toxicity.
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Shi Y, Bai J, Dang Y, Bai Q, Zheng R, Chen J, Li Z. Protection of apigenin against acrylonitrile-induced sperm and testis injury in rats: involvement of activation of ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:159-168. [PMID: 33884167 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to clarify if apigenin (AP) could play a pivotal role in attenuating acrylonitrile (ACN)-induced sperm and testis injury by inhibiting ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: a control group (corn oil), an ACN group (ACN 46 mg kg-1), an ACN + AP1 group (ACN + AP 117 mg kg-1), an ACN + AP2 group (ACN + AP 234 mg kg-1) and an ACN + AP3 group (ACN + AP 351 mg kg-1). The ACN + AP groups were given ACN by gavage after a pretreatment with different dosages of AP for 30 min, whereas the rats in the control group received an equivalent volume of corn oil. The gavage was conducted for 6 days per week in 4 weeks. The results showed that AP reduced sperm deformity rate and DNA fragment index and attenuated the testicular injury induced by ACN. AP could also alleviate oxidative stress, downregulate ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway and eventually inhibit mitochondria-mediated testicular apoptosis. In brief, AP could dampen oxidative stress thereby inhibiting testicular apoptosis mediated by ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway, alleviating ACN-induced sperm and testis injury and exerting a protective effect on male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhui Dang
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingli Bai
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhilan Li
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) triggers homeostatic responses against a plethora of environmental or endogenous deviations in redox metabolism, inflammation, proteostasis, etc. Therefore, pharmacological activation of NRF2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for several chronic diseases that are underlined by low-grade oxidative inflammation and dysregulation of redox metabolism, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. While NRF2 activation is useful in inhibiting carcinogenesis, its inhibition is needed in constituted tumors where NRF2 provides a survival advantage in the challenging tumor niche. This review describes the electrophilic and non-electrophilic NRF2 activators with clinical projection in various chronic diseases. We also analyze the status of NRF2 inhibitors, which are for the moment in a proof-of-concept stage. Advanced in silico screening and medicinal chemistry are expected to provide new or repurposing small molecules with increased potential for fostering the development of targeted NRF2 modulators. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) is rapidly degraded by proteasomes under a basal condition in a Keap1-dependent manner. ROS oxidatively modifies Keap1 to release NRF2 and allow its nuclear translocation. Here it binds to the antioxidant response element to regulate gene transcription. An alternative mechanism controlling NRF2 stability is glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)-induced phosphorylation. Indicated in blue are NRF2-activating and NRF2-inhibiting drugs.
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Cannataro R, Fazio A, La Torre C, Caroleo MC, Cione E. Polyphenols in the Mediterranean Diet: From Dietary Sources to microRNA Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:328. [PMID: 33672251 PMCID: PMC7926722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that polyphenols are a class of natural substance that offers numerous health benefits; they are present in all plants in very different quantities and types. On the other hand, their bioavailability, and efficacy is are not always well proven. Therefore, this work aims to discuss some types of polyphenols belonging to Mediterranean foods. We chose six polyphenols-(1) Naringenin, (2) Apigenin, (3) Kaempferol, (4) Hesperidin, (5) Ellagic Acid and (6) Oleuropein-present in Mediterranean foods, describing dietary source and their chemistry, as well as their pharmacokinetic profile and their use as nutraceuticals/supplements, in addition to the relevant element of their capability in modulating microRNAs expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Manso J, Sharifi-Rad J, Zam W, Tsouh Fokou PV, Martorell M, Pezzani R. Plant Natural Compounds in the Treatment of Adrenocortical Tumors. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5516285. [PMID: 34567112 PMCID: PMC8463247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant natural products are a plethora of diverse and complex molecules produced by the plant secondary metabolism. Among these, many can reserve beneficial or curative properties when employed to treat human diseases. Even in cancer, they can be successfully used and indeed numerous phytochemicals exert antineoplastic activity. The most common molecules derived from plants and used in the fight against cancer are polyphenols, i.e., quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, curcumin, etc. Despite valuable data especially in preclinical models on such compounds, few of them are currently used in the medical practice. Also, in adrenocortical tumors (ACT), phytochemicals are scarcely or not at all used. This work summarizes the available research on phytochemicals used against ACT and adrenocortical cancer, a very rare disease with poor prognosis and high metastatic potential, and wants to contribute to stimulate preclinical and clinical research to find new therapeutic strategies among the overabundance of biomolecules produced by the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Manso
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Wissam Zam
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Adham AN, Abdelfatah S, Naqishbandi AM, Mahmoud N, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of apigenin toward multiple myeloma cell lines and suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression in STAT1-transfected HEK293 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153371. [PMID: 33070080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apigenin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids that possesses multiple bio-functions. PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the influence of apigenin on gene expressions, cancer cells, as well as STAT1/COX-2/iNOS pathway mediated inflammation and tumorigenesis in HEK293-STAT1 cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity toward multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines was investigated. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were used to predict the sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells toward apigenin and to determine cellular pathways influenced by this compound. The cytotoxic and ferroptotic activity of apigenin was examined by the resazurin reduction assay. Additionally, we evaluated apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of integrity of mitochondrial membrane (MMP) by using the flow cytometry analysis. DAPI staining was used to detect characteristic apoptotic features. Furthermore, we verified its anti-inflammatory and additional mechanism of cell death by western blotting. RESULTS COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses exhibited that 29 of 55 tumor cell lines were sensitive against apigenin (p < 0.001). The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis data showed that important bio-functions affected by apigenin were: gene expression, cancer, hematological system development and function, inflammatory response, and cell cycle. The STAT1 transcription factor was chosen as target protein on the basis of gene promoter binding motif analyses. Apigenin blocked cell proliferation of wild-type HEK293 and STAT1 reporter cells (HEK293-STAT1), promoted STAT1 suppression and subsequent COX-2 and iNOS inhibition. Apigenin also exhibited synergistic activity in combination with doxorubicin toward HEK293-STAT1 cells. Apigenin exerted excellent growth-inhibitory activity against MM cells in a concentration-dependent manner with the greatest activity toward NCI-H929 (IC50 value: 10.73 ± 3.21 μM). Apigenin induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ferroptosis and autophagy in NCI-H929 cells. CONCLUSION Apigenin may be a suitable candidate for MM treatment. The inhibition of the STAT1/COX-2/iNOS signaling pathway by apigenin is an important mechanism not only in the suppression of inflammation but also in induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveen N Adham
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alaadin M Naqishbandi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Abd Ghani MF, Othman R, Nordin N. Molecular Docking Study of Naturally Derived Flavonoids with Antiapoptotic BCL-2 and BCL-XL Proteins toward Ovarian Cancer Treatment. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S676-S680. [PMID: 33828360 PMCID: PMC8021047 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_272_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally derived flavonoids are well known to have anticarcinogenic effects. Flavonoids could be an alternative strategy for ovarian cancer treatment, due to existing platinum-based drugs are reported to develop resistance with low survival rates. Inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins, namely B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), is the key target to stimulate apoptosis process in cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the binding interaction of five naturally derived flavonoids (biochanin A, myricetin, apigenin, galangin, and fisetin) with potential antiapoptotic target proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl). The molecular docking study was conducted using AutoDock Vina program. The binding affinity and the presence of hydrogen bonds between the flavonoids and target proteins were predicted. Our findings showed that all the flavonoids showed better binding affinity with Bcl-xl than that of Bcl-2 proteins. The highest binding affinity was recorded in fisetin–Bcl-xl protein complex (−8.8 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, the other flavonoids docked with Bcl-xl protein showed binding affinities, ranging from –8.0 to –8.6 kcal/mol. A total of four hydrogen bonds, four hydrophobic contacts, and one electrostatic interaction were detected in the docked fisetin–Bcl-xl complex, explaining its high binding affinity with Bcl-xl. The present results indicate that all flavonoids could potentially serve as Bcl-xl protein inhibitors, which would consequently lead to apoptotic process in ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faiz Abd Ghani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Rozana Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Nordin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chemopreventive Role of Apigenin against the Synergistic Carcinogenesis of Human Papillomavirus and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110472. [PMID: 33158065 PMCID: PMC7694184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and human papillomavirus (HPV) are both crucial causes of cancer, and their cooperative carcinogenesis has drawn more attention in recent years. Apigenin (AP), a typical flavonoid abundantly found in flowers of plants, vegetables, and fruits, has been demonstrated to exert an anti-carcinogenic effect on various types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the capability of AP against malignant transformation and DNA damage of immortalized human esophageal epithelial (SHEE) cells induced by the synergism of HPV18 and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The results indicated that the enhancement of migration, invasion, and proliferation ability of SHEE cells induced by HPV and NNK could be effectively inhibited by AP. Moreover, the levels of pyridyloxybutylated (POB)-DNA adducts induced by NNK via P450-catalyzed metabolic activation could also be significantly suppressed by AP. Further analyses on the molecular mechanism revealed that AP inhibited the synergistic carcinogenesis of NNK and HPV on SHEE cells by reducing the expression of mutp53, CDK4, Cyclin D1, and p-Rb (Ser 780), increasing caspase-3 activity, thereby arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase and promoting apoptosis of SHEE cells. We hypothesize that the decrease in NNK-induced POB-DNA adduct levels is related to the deactivation of P450 by AP, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. This study highlights that AP may be employed as a promising chemopreventive agent against cancers in smokers with an HPV infection.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Bakhoda MR, Bahmanpour Z, Ilkhani K, Zarrabi A, Makvandi P, Khan H, Mazaheri S, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Apigenin as Tumor Suppressor in Cancers: Biotherapeutic Activity, Nanodelivery, and Mechanisms With Emphasis on Pancreatic Cancer. Front Chem 2020; 8:829. [PMID: 33195038 PMCID: PMC7593821 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its propensity for early local and distant spread, affected patients possess extremely poor prognosis. Currently applied treatments are not effective enough to eradicate all cancer cells, and minimize their migration. Besides, these treatments are associated with adverse effects on normal cells and organs. These therapies are not able to increase the overall survival rate of patients; hence, finding novel adjuvants or alternatives is so essential. Up to now, medicinal herbs were utilized for therapeutic goals. Herbal-based medicine, as traditional biotherapeutics, were employed for cancer treatment. Of them, apigenin, as a bioactive flavonoid that possesses numerous biological properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects), has shown substantial anticancer activity. It seems that apigenin is capable of suppressing the proliferation of cancer cells via the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Besides, apigenin inhibits metastasis via down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and the Akt signaling pathway. In pancreatic cancer cells, apigenin sensitizes cells in chemotherapy, and affects molecular pathways such as the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1). Herein, the biotherapeutic activity of apigenin and its mechanisms toward cancer cells are presented in the current review to shed some light on anti-tumor activity of apigenin in different cancers, with an emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bakhoda
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khandan Ilkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Samaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Yarmohammadi F, Rezaee R, Karimi G. Natural compounds against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A review on the involvement of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1163-1175. [PMID: 32985744 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is the main concern for long-term use of the doxorubicin (DOX). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leads to oxidative stress that significantly contributes to the cardiac damage induced by DOX. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) acts as a protective player against DOX-induced myocardial oxidative stress. Several natural compounds (NCs) with anti-oxidative effects, were examined to suppress DOX cardiotoxicity such as asiatic acid, α-linolenic acid, apigenin, baicalein, β-lapachone, curdione, dioscin, ferulic acid, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, genistein, ginsenoside Rg3, indole-3-carbinol, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, neferine, p-coumaric acid, pristimerin, punicalagin, quercetin, sulforaphane, and tanshinone IIA. The present article, reviews NCs that showed protective effects against DOX-induced cardiac injury through induction of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gao C, Sun X, Wu Z, Yuan H, Han H, Huang H, Shu Y, Xu M, Gao R, Li S, Zhang J, Tian J. A Novel Benzofuran Derivative Moracin N Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis Through ROS Generation in Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:391. [PMID: 32477104 PMCID: PMC7235196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The leaves of Morus alba L is a traditional Chinese medicine widely applied in lung diseases. Moracin N (MAN), a secondary metabolite extracted form the leaves of Morus alba L, is a potent anticancer agent. But its molecular mechanism remains unveiled. Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of MAN on human lung cancer and reveal the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods MTT assay was conducted to measure cell viability. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. Confocal microscope was performed to determine the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Flow cytometry was performed to quantify cell death. Western blotting was used to determine the related-signaling pathway. Results In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that MAN inhibitd cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. We found that MAN treatment dysregulated mitochondrial function and led to mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 and PC9 cells. Meanwhile, MAN enhanced autophagy flux by the increase of autophagosome formation, the fusion of autophagsomes and lysosomes and lysosomal function. Moreover, mTOR signaling pathway, a classical pathway regualting autophagy, was inhibited by MAN in a time- and dose-dependent mannner, resulting in autophagy induction. Interestingly, autophagy inhibition by CQ or Atg5 knockdown attenuated cell apoptosis by MAN, indicating that autophagy serves as cell death. Furthermore, autophagy-mediated cell death by MAN can be blocked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger NAC, indicating that ROS accumulation is the inducing factor of apoptosis and autophagy. In summary, we revealed the molecular mechanism of MAN against lung cancer through apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that MAN might be a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individual Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individual Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipan Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Yuan
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haote Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics and Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Institution of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individual Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Şirin N, Elmas L, Seçme M, Dodurga Y. Investigation of possible effects of apigenin, sorafenib and combined applications on apoptosis and cell cycle in hepatocellular cancer cells. Gene 2020; 737:144428. [PMID: 32045658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver tumors. There is only one chemodrug for treatment called sorafenib that is an effective multikinase inhibitor. However, most of the patients gain resistance to sorafenib treatment in six months. Thus, there is a limitation for treatment of HCC. Apigenin is a natural flavonoid that has been used for many years as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study is to investigate the combined therapeutic effects of sorafenib and apigenin upon apoptosis and cell cycle on HepG2 cell line. Cytotoxic effects of sorafenib and apigenin on HepG2 cells were determined by XTT assay. Effects of single and combined treatment on cell migration, invasion and colony formation were analysed by wound healing, transwell matrigel invasion assay and colony formation assay, respectively. TUNEL assay was performed for analyse apoptosis rates. Expression changes of genes related with apoptosis and cell cycle were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Combined treatment of sorafenib and apigenin has more decreasing effects on cell viability than single treatment groups. Also, combination group caused significant increase of apoptotic cells. Migration and invasion capability of cells in combined treatment group are decreased. Lastly, quantitative real-time PCR results showed that combination of both drugs arrested cell cycle and increased apoptotic gene expressions more than single treatment groups. This is the first study that investigating the combined treatment of sorafenib and apigenin on HCC in vitro. By combined treatment, apigenin potentiates sorafenib cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Effects of combined treatment on migration, invasion, apoptosis and gene expressions showed that may sorafenib and apigenin have synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Şirin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Levent Elmas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Seçme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Singh D, Khan MA, Siddique HR. Apigenin, A Plant Flavone Playing Noble Roles in Cancer Prevention Via Modulation of Key Cell Signaling Networks. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:298-311. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666191026095728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a global health problem and the continuous rise in incidence and
mortality due to cancer carries a real economic burden to all countries. Accumulation of genetic mutation,
exposure of environmental carcinogens and food habits due to change in lifestyles are the key
reasons for cancer. Targeting cancer cells, we need a multitargeting molecule with low/no toxicity.
Objective :
To review the current update of the research status of chemopreventive/therapeutic molecule,
Apigenin.
Methods:
Compare the results of the published articles and granted patents on this compound. We also
discuss the pros and cons of the present research and future direction.
Results:
Cancer cells have characteristic alterations and dysregulation of various cell signaling pathways
that control cell homeostasis, proliferation, motility, and survival in normal cells. Natural flavonoids
are the compounds well known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancerous
properties. Apigenin, along with several other physiological effects, has a very low intrinsic toxicity
and striking effects on the proliferation of cancer cells. Interestingly, this multitargeting molecule is
getting wide acceptance among researchers. It is evident from the recent patents filed in this compound.
At present, three patents have been granted only on the anticancer properties of apigenin.
Conclusion:
This mini-review will explain the present research status of apigenin and will further
shine some light on how apigenin performs its anti-cancerous actions by interfering with the key cellsignaling
pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohammad A. Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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Kowalska I, Adach W, Stochmal A, Olas B. A comparison of the effects of apigenin and seven of its derivatives on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and coagulation in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111016. [PMID: 31805303 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a phenolic compound widely present in many fruits, vegetables and herbs. Its name originates from Apium: a genus of the Apiaceae. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties of apigenin and seven of its derivatives, isolated from the aerial parts of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum), in human plasma treated with a hydroxyl radical donor (OH•) in vitro. It also examines their influence on the parameters of coagulation. The compounds were found to demonstrate different effects on oxidative stress and coagulation which may be related to differences in their structure. In particular, apigenin 7-O-{2'-O-feruloyl-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1 → 3)]-β-D- glucuronopyranosyl(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside} demonstrates both antioxidant and anticoagulant activities, and may offer the most promise for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders of all the phenolic compounds tested so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Weronika Adach
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
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Li Y, Cheng X, Chen C, Huijuan W, Zhao H, Liu W, Xiang Z, Wang Q. Apigenin, a flavonoid constituent derived from P. villosa, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by CyclinD1/CDK4 regulation via p38 MAPK-p21 signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152701. [PMID: 31780054 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Apigenin was widely used in HCC treatment; however, the detailed mechanisms have not been clarified. We isolated, characterized, and identified Apigenin from the P. villosa plant using ethanol-extracted, semi-preparative HPLC and NMR. MTT was used to detect the cytotoxicity of Apigenin in HepG2, SMMC-7721 and Huh-7 cell lines. The cell cycle changes of Apigenin on HepG2 using flow cytometry and the key molecules of cell cycle regulation by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Apigenin was ethanol-extracted and semi-preparative HPLC was used for isolation and purification. The compounds were identified and the results showed Apigenin was one of the bioactive compounds. Apigenin exhibited relatively high cytotoxicity in HepG2, SMMC-7721, and Huh-7. Cell cycle analysis showed that Apigenin could induce G1 arrest in HepG2 in a dose-dependent manner. CyclinD1 was up-regulated and CDK4 was down-regulated upon Apigenin treatment, which indicated that Apigenin could block cell cycle progression at the G1 phase though the regulation of CDK4 and CyclinD1 expression. In conclusion, the present findings might provide new insights about the implication of Apigenin and P. villosa in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Changlan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Wu Huijuan
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China.
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Chen Y, Chen WN, Hu N, Banwell MG, Ma C, Gardiner MG, Lan P. Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Apigenin-Derived Isolaxifolin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2451-2459. [PMID: 31465218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rare flavonoid isolaxifolin, a potent insecticide, has been touted as a potential grain-protecting agent. In order to assess any impact of this natural product on human health and to explore its various other biological properties, we have established a semisynthesis from the simpler but structurally related and more abundant natural product apigenin. The five-step reaction sequence has provided, for the first time, sufficient material for an in-depth evaluation of the cytotoxic properties of the title natural product. The impact of isolaxifolin on certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells has also been examined. Such studies have revealed that isolaxifolin displays no toxic effects toward normal cells while displaying greater cytotoxicities against certain cancer cell lines than its synthetic precursor apigenin. Furthermore, unlike apigenin, isolaxifolin only reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a rather modest and dose-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Chenxi Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , People's Republic of China
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50
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Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Averrhoa Carambola Extract in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030072. [PMID: 31527433 PMCID: PMC6784245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the antihyperlipidemic potential of a standardized methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola (A. carambola) leaf (MEACL) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The standardized MEACL was orally administered at different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) to HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats for five weeks. Serum lipid profile, body weight changes, body mass index (BMI), daily food intake, relative organ weight, and histology of the liver were evaluated. In addition, the effect of MEACL on HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase activities as well as hepatic and fecal lipids was demonstrated. MEACL supplementation reduced serum lipids in HFD-fed rats in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological scores revealed that 1000 mg/kg MEACL restored the damage to liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats. MEACL decreased the body mass index (BMI), atherogenic index, and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides and increased fecal cholesterol and bile acids in HFD-fed rats. Also, MEACL ameliorated lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant defenses in the liver of HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, HMG-CoA reductase and lipase were suppressed by MEACL. In conclusion, this study shows the potential effect of MEACL to ameliorate hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in HFD-fed rats. It prevented hepatic lipid accumulation and exerted an inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase and lipase.
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