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Clements CM, Vögeli B, Shellman YG, Henen MA. Solution NMR backbone assignment of the SASH1 SLy proteins associated disordered region (SPIDER). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2023; 17:151-157. [PMID: 37155029 PMCID: PMC10291481 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SASH1 is a scaffold protein with context-dependent biological functions in cell adhesion, tumor metastasis, lung development, and pigmentation. As a member of the SLy protein family, it contains the conserved SLY, SH3, and SAM domains. The 19 kDa SLY domain harbors over 70% of the SASH1 variants associated with pigmentation disorders. However, its solution structure or dynamics have not been investigated yet, and its exact position in the sequence is not clearly defined. Based on the bioinformatic and experimental evidence, we propose renaming this region to the SLy Proteins Associated Disordered Region (SPIDER) and defining the exact position to be amino acids 400-554 of SASH1. We have previously identified a variant in this region linked to a pigmentation disorder, S519N. Here, we used a novel deuteration technique, a suite of TROSY-based 3D NMR experiments, and a high-quality HNN to obtain near complete solution backbone assignment of SASH1's SPIDER. A comparison with the chemical shifts of non-variant (S519) SPIDER shows that the S519N substitution does not alter the free form solution structural propensities of SPIDER. This assignment is the first step to characterize the role of SPIDER in SASH1-mediated cellular functions and provides a model for the future study of sister SPIDER domains in the SLy protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Clements
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Charles C. Gates Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Institute, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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2
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Ji R, Ji Y, Wu Y, Ding X, Shang Z, Liu X, Li W, Guo J, Wang J, Cheng X, Qin J, Tian M, Jin G, Zhang X. Lama2 And Samsn1 Mediate the Effects of Brn4 on Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7284986. [PMID: 37091532 PMCID: PMC10118897 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7284986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Brn4 exhibits vital roles in the embryonic development of the neural tube, inner ear, pancreas islet, and neural stem cell differentiation. Our previous studies have shown that Brn4 promotes neuronal differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). However, its mechanism is still unclear. Here, starting from the overlapping genes between RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results, we explored the downstream target genes that mediate Brn4-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. There were 16 genes at the intersection of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, among which the Lama2 and Samsn1 levels can be upregulated by Brn4, and the combination between their promoters and Brn4 was further determined using ChIP and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. EdU incorporation, cell cycle analysis, and CCK-8 assay indicated that Lama2 and Samsn1 mediated the inhibitory effect of Brn4 on the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs. Immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot suggested that Lama2 and Samsn1 mediated the promoting effect of Brn4 on the differentiation of hippocampal NSCs into neurons. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Brn4 binds to the promoters of Lama2 and Samsn1, and they partially mediate the regulation of Brn4 on the proliferation inhibition and neuronal differentiation promotion of hippocampal NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xunrui Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ruijie Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yaya Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiuyu Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiying Shang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Central Lab, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224002, China
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3
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Jaufmann J, Franke FC, Sperlich A, Blumendeller C, Kloos I, Schneider B, Sasaki D, Janssen KP, Beer-Hammer S. The emerging and diverse roles of the SLy/SASH1-protein family in health and disease-Overview of three multifunctional proteins. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21470. [PMID: 33710696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular adaptor proteins are indispensable for the transduction of receptor-derived signals, as they recruit and connect essential downstream effectors. The SLy/SASH1-adaptor family comprises three highly homologous proteins, all of them sharing conserved structural motifs. The initial characterization of the first member SLy1/SASH3 (SH3 protein expressed in lymphocytes 1) in 2001 was rapidly followed by identification of SLy2/HACS1 (hematopoietic adaptor containing SH3 and SAM domains 1) and SASH1/SLy3 (SAM and SH3 domain containing 1). Based on their pronounced sequence similarity, they were subsequently classified as one family of intracellular scaffold proteins. Despite their obvious homology, the three SLy/SASH1-members fundamentally differ with regard to their expression and function in intracellular signaling. On the contrary, growing evidence clearly demonstrates an important role of all three proteins in human health and disease. In this review, we systematically summarize what is known about the SLy/SASH1-adaptors in the field of molecular cell biology and immunology. To this end, we recapitulate current research about SLy1/SASH3, SLy2/HACS1, and SASH1/SLy3, with an emphasis on their similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jaufmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Christoph Franke
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Blumendeller
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Kloos
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical SC New Technology Strategy Office, General Research Institute, Nitto Boseki, Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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4
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Friend NL, Hewett DR, Panagopoulos V, Noll JE, Vandyke K, Mrozik KM, Fitter S, Zannettino AC. Characterization of the role of Samsn1 loss in multiple myeloma development. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:554-572. [PMID: 32923989 PMCID: PMC7475304 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein SAMSN1 was recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor in multiple myeloma, with re-expression of Samsn1 in the 5TGM1/KaLwRij murine model of myeloma leading to a near complete abrogation of intramedullary tumor growth. Here, we sought to clarify the mechanism underlying this finding. Intratibial administration of 5TGM1 myeloma cells into KaLwRij mice revealed that Samsn1 had no effect on primary tumor growth, but that its expression significantly inhibited the metastasis of these primary tumors. Notably, neither in vitro nor in vivo migration was affected by Samsn1 expression. Both knocking-out SAMSN1 in the RPMI-8226 and JJN3 human myeloma cell lines, and retrovirally expressing SAMSN1 in the LP-1 and OPM2 human myeloma cell lines had no effect on either cell proliferation or migration in vitro. Altering SAMSN1 expression in these human myeloma cells did not affect the capacity of the cells to establish either primary or metastatic intramedullary tumors when administered intratibially into immune deficient NSG mice. Unexpectedly, the tumor suppressive and anti-metastatic activity of Samsn1 in 5TGM1 cells were not evidenced following cell administration either intratibially or intravenously to NSG mice. Crucially, the growth of Samsn1-expressing 5TGM1 cells was limited in C57BL/6/Samsn1-/- mice but not in C57BL/6 Samsn1+/+ mice. We conclude that the reported potent in vivo tumor suppressor activity of Samsn1 can be attributed, in large part, to graft-rejection from Samsn1-/- recipient mice. This has broad implications for the design and interpretation of experiments that utilize cancer cells and knockout mice that are mismatched for expression of specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L. Friend
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Duncan R. Hewett
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Jacqueline E. Noll
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Krzysztof M. Mrozik
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Stephen Fitter
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
- Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideAustralia
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5
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Martin LJ, Franciosi JP, Collins MH, Abonia JP, Lee JJ, Hommel KA, Varni JW, Grotjan JT, Eby M, He H, Marsolo K, Putnam PE, Garza JM, Kaul A, Wen T, Rothenberg ME. Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Scores (PEESS v2.0) identify histologic and molecular correlates of the key clinical features of disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1519-28.e8. [PMID: 26051952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS v2.0) measures patient-relevant outcomes. However, whether patient-identified domains (dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD], nausea/vomiting, and pain) align with clinical symptomology and histopathologic and molecular features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical features of EoE, measured through PEESS v2.0, associate with histopathologic and molecular features of EoE. This represents a novel approach for analysis of allergic diseases, given the availability of allergic tissue biopsy specimens. METHODS We systematically recruited treated and untreated pediatric patients with EoE (aged 2-18 years) and examined parent proxy-reported symptoms using the PEESS v2.0. Clinical symptomology was collected by questionnaire. Esophageal biopsy samples were quantified for levels of eosinophils, eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) immunohistochemical staining, and mast cells. Molecular features were assessed by using the EoE Diagnostic Panel (94 EoE-related gene transcripts). Associations between domain scores and clinical symptoms and biological features were analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum and Spearman correlation. RESULTS The PEESS v2.0 domains correlated to specific parent-reported symptoms: dysphagia (P = .0012), GERD (P = .0001), and nausea/vomiting (P < .0001). Pain correlated with multiple symptoms (P < .0005). Dysphagia correlated most strongly with overall histopathology, particularly in the proximal esophagus (P ≤ .0049). Markers of esophageal activity (EPX) were significantly associated with dysphagia (strongest r = 0.37, P = .02). Eosinophil levels were more associated with pain (r = 0.27, P = .06) than dysphagia (r = 0.24, P = .13). The dysphagia domain correlated most with esophageal gene transcript levels, predominantly with mast cell-specific genes. CONCLUSION We have (1) established a validated, parent proxy-reported measure for pediatric EoE, the PEESS v2.0; (2) verified that the parent proxy effectively captures symptoms; (3) determined that the dysphagia domain most closely aligns with symptoms and tissue-based molecular biomarkers; (4) established that symptoms correlate with EPX staining; and (5) observed association between mast cells and dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James P Franciosi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, Fla
| | - Margaret H Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Pablo Abonia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Kevin A Hommel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James W Varni
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex
| | - J Tommie Grotjan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Eby
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keith Marsolo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Philip E Putnam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jose M Garza
- Children's Center for Digestive Health Care, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Ajay Kaul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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6
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Schmitt F, Schäll D, Bucher K, Schindler TI, Hector A, Biedermann T, Zemlin M, Hartl D, Beer-Hammer S. SLy2 controls the antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine through an IL-5Rα-dependent mechanism in B-1 cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:60-70. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fee Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Daniel Schäll
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Kirsten Bucher
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hector
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of Pediatrics; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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7
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Yan Y, Zhang L, Xu T, Zhou J, Qin R, Chen C, Zou Y, Fu D, Hu G, Chen J, Lu Y. SAMSN1 is highly expressed and associated with a poor survival in glioblastoma multiforme. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81905. [PMID: 24278465 PMCID: PMC3838348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the expression pattern and prognostic significance of SAMSN1 in glioma. METHODS Affymetrix and Arrystar gene microarray data in the setting of glioma was analyzed to preliminarily study the expression pattern of SAMSN1 in glioma tissues, and Hieratical clustering of gene microarray data was performed to filter out genes that have prognostic value in malignant glioma. Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimates stratified by SAMSN1 expression was then made based on the data of more than 500 GBM cases provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. At last, we detected the expression of SAMSN1 in large numbers of glioma and normal brain tissue samples using Tissue Microarray (TMA). Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimates in each grade of glioma was stratified by SAMSN1 expression. Multivariate survival analysis was made by Cox proportional hazards regression models in corresponding groups of glioma. RESULTS With the expression data of SAMSN1 and 68 other genes, high-grade glioma could be classified into two groups with clearly different prognoses. Gene and large sample tissue microarrays showed high expression of SAMSN1 in glioma particularly in GBM. Survival analysis based on the TCGA GBM data matrix and TMA multi-grade glioma dataset found that SAMSN1 expression was closely related to the prognosis of GBM, either PFS or OS (P<0.05). Multivariate survival analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression models confirmed that high expression of SAMSN1 was a strong risk factor for PFS and OS of GBM patients. CONCLUSION SAMSN1 is over-expressed in glioma as compared with that found in normal brains, especially in GBM. High expression of SAMSN1 is a significant risk factor for the progression free and overall survival of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 101st Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Qin
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Zou
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Luwan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohan Hu
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YCL); (JXC)
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Neurosurgery Research Institution of Shanghai, Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YCL); (JXC)
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8
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Martini M, Gnann A, Scheikl D, Holzmann B, Janssen KP. The candidate tumor suppressor SASH1 interacts with the actin cytoskeleton and stimulates cell-matrix adhesion. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1630-40. [PMID: 21820526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SASH1, a member of the SLY-family of signal adapter proteins, is a candidate tumor suppressor in breast and colon cancer. Reduced expression of SASH1 is correlated with aggressive tumor growth, metastasis formation, and inferior prognosis. However, the biological role of SASH1 remains largely unknown. To unravel the function of SASH1, we have analyzed the intracellular localization of endogenous SASH1, and have generated structural SASH1 mutants. SASH1 localized to the nucleus as well as to the cytoplasm in epithelial cells. In addition, SASH1 was enriched in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, where it co-distributed with the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel interaction of SASH1 with the oncoprotein cortactin, a known regulator of actin polymerization in lamellipodia. Enhanced SASH1 expression significantly increased the content of filamentous actin, leading to the formation of cell protrusions and elongated cell shape. This activity was mapped to the central, evolutionarily conserved domain of SASH1. Furthermore, expression of SASH1 inhibited cell migration and lead to increased cell adhesion to fibronectin and laminin, whereas knock-down of endogenous SASH1 resulted in significantly reduced cell-matrix adhesion. Taken together, our findings unravel for the first time a mechanistic role for SASH1 in tumor formation by regulating the adhesive and migratory behaviour of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Martini
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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9
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Wang D, Stewart AK, Zhuang L, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Shi C, Keating A, Slutsky A, Zhang H, Wen X. Enhanced adaptive immunity in mice lacking the immunoinhibitory adaptor Hacs1. FASEB J 2009; 24:947-56. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-140806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyan Wang
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Lihua Zhuang
- Department of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yuanxiao Zhu
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - Youdong Wang
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Changxin Shi
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyMayo ClinicScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - Armand Keating
- Department of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Arthur Slutsky
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Xiao‐Yan Wen
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Tianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Medical SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Reis B, Pfeffer K, Beer-Hammer S. The orphan adapter protein SLY1 as a novel anti-apoptotic protein required for thymocyte development. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:38. [PMID: 19604361 PMCID: PMC2717057 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SH3 containing Lymphocyte Protein (SLY1) is a putative adapter protein exclusively expressed in lymphocytes which is involved in antigen receptor induced activation. We previously have generated SLY1Δ/Δ mice harbouring a partial deletion in the N-terminal region of SLY1 which revealed profound immunological defects in T and B cell functions. Results In this study, T cell development in SLY1-/- and SLY1Δ/Δ mice was analysed ex vivo and upon cultivation with the bone marrow stromal cell line OP9. SLY1-deficient thymocytes were compromised in inducing nutrient receptor expression and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation, indicating a defect in mTOR complex activation. Furthermore, SLY1 was identified as a novel anti-apoptotic protein required for developmental progression of T cell precursors to the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage by protecting from premature programmed cell death initiation in developing CD4-CD8- double-negative thymocytes. In addition, SLY1 phosphorylation was differentially regulated upon Notch ligand-mediated stimulation and expression of the preTCR. Conclusion Thus, our results suggest a non-redundant role for SLY1 in integrating signals from both receptors in early T cell progenitors in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Reis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Roth CL, Mastronardi C, Lomniczi A, Wright H, Cabrera R, Mungenast AE, Heger S, Jung H, Dubay C, Ojeda SR. Expression of a tumor-related gene network increases in the mammalian hypothalamus at the time of female puberty. Endocrinology 2007; 148:5147-61. [PMID: 17615149 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Much has been learned in recent years about the central mechanisms controlling the initiation of mammalian puberty. It is now clear that this process requires the interactive participation of several genes. Using a combination of high throughput, molecular, and bioinformatics strategies, in combination with a system biology approach, we singled out from the hypothalamus of nonhuman primates and rats a group of related genes whose expression increases at the time of female puberty. Although these genes [henceforth termed tumor-related genes (TRGs)] have diverse cellular functions, they share the common feature of having been earlier identified as involved in tumor suppression/tumor formation. A prominent member of this group is KiSS1, a gene recently shown to be essential for the occurrence of puberty. Cis-regulatory analysis revealed the presence of a hierarchically arranged gene set containing five major hubs (CDP/CUTL1, MAF, p53, YY1, and USF2) controlling the network at the transcriptional level. In turn, these hubs are heavily connected to non-TRGs involved in the transcriptional regulation of the pubertal process. TRGs may be expressed in the mammalian hypothalamus as components of a regulatory gene network that facilitates and integrates cellular and cell-cell communication programs required for the acquisition of female reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Roth
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Rimkus C, Martini M, Friederichs J, Rosenberg R, Doll D, Siewert JR, Holzmann B, Janssen KP. Prognostic significance of downregulated expression of the candidate tumour suppressor gene SASH1 in colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1419-23. [PMID: 17088907 PMCID: PMC2360597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene SASH1 (SAM- and SH3-domain containing 1) has originally been identified as a candidate tumour suppressor gene in breast cancer. SASH1 is a member of the SH3-domain containing expressed in lymphocytes (SLY1) gene family that encodes signal adapter proteins composed of several protein–protein interaction domains. The other members of this family are expressed mainly in haematopoietic cells, whereas SASH1 shows ubiquitous expression. We have used quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the expression of SASH1 in tissue samples from 113 patients with colon carcinoma, and compared the expression with 15 normal colon tissue samples. Moreover, nine benign adenomas and 10 liver metastases were analysed. Expression levels of SASH1 were strongly and significantly reduced in colon cancer of UICC stage II, III, and IV, as well as in liver metastases. Moreover, SASH1 was also found to be downregulated on protein levels by immunoblot analysis. However, SASH1 expression was not significantly deregulated in precancerous adenomas and in earlier stage lesions (UICC I). Overall, 48 out of 113 primary colon tumours showed SASH1 expression that was at least 10-fold lower than the levels found in normal colon tissue. Downregulation of SASH1 expression was correlated with the formation of metachronous distant metastasis, and multivariate analysis identified SASH1 downregulation as an independent negative prognostic parameter for patient survival. This study demonstrates for the first time that expression of a member of the SLY1-gene family has prognostic significance in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rimkus
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - M Martini
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - J Friederichs
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - R Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - D Doll
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - J R Siewert
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - B Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
| | - K P Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich81675, Germany
- E-mail:
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Beer S, Scheikl T, Reis B, Hüser N, Pfeffer K, Holzmann B. Impaired immune responses and prolonged allograft survival in Sly1 mutant mice. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:9646-60. [PMID: 16227612 PMCID: PMC1265838 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.21.9646-9660.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is crucial for protective host defense and the development of immunological disorders. SLY1 was recently identified as an X-chromosomal SH3 protein that is serine phosphorylated (Ser27) upon B-and T-cell receptor engagement. Here, we demonstrate that SLY1 is localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of immunocytes. We generated mice expressing a mutant version of SLY1 lacking Ser27 and a functional nuclear localization signal. The defective SLY1 (SLY1(d)) protein is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm. B- and T-cell proliferation is attenuated and T-cell cytokine production is severely reduced. Sly1(d/d) mice exhibit reduced lymphoid organ sizes, diminished marginal zone B-cell numbers, and severely impaired antibody responses against T-dependent and -independent antigens. Importantly, survival of semi-identical cardiac allografts was substantially prolonged in Sly1(d/d) mice. These results define SLY1 as an essential molecular component for the full activation of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Beer
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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14
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Zeller C, Hinzmann B, Seitz S, Prokoph H, Burkhard-Goettges E, Fischer J, Jandrig B, Schwarz LE, Rosenthal A, Scherneck S. SASH1: a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 6q24.3 is downregulated in breast cancer. Oncogene 2003; 22:2972-83. [PMID: 12771949 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and in silico expression analysis were applied to identify genes significantly downregulated in breast cancer within the genomic interval 6q23-25. Systematic comparison of candidate EST sequences with genomic sequences from this interval revealed the genomic structure of a potential target gene on 6q24.3, which we called SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 (SASH1). Loss of the gene-internal marker D6S311, found in 30% of primary breast cancer, was significantly correlated with poor survival and increase in tumor size. Two SASH1 transcripts of approximately 4.4 and 7.5 kb exist and are predominantly transcribed in the human breast, lung, thyroid, spleen, placenta and thymus. In breast cancer cell lines, SASH1 is only expressed at low levels. SASH1 is downregulated in the majority (74%) of breast tumors in comparison with corresponding normal breast epithelial tissues. In addition, SASH1 is also downregulated in tumors of the lung and thyroid. Analysis of the protein domain structure revealed that SASH1 is a member of a recently described family of SH3/SAM adapter molecules and thus suggests a role in signaling pathways. We assume that SASH1 is a new tumor suppressor gene possibly involved in tumorigenesis of breast and other solid cancers. We were unable to find mutations in the coding region of the gene in primary breast cancers showing LOH within the critical region. We therefore hypothesize that other mechanisms as for instance methylation of the promoter region of SASH1 are responsible for the loss of expression of SASH1 in primary and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Zeller
- Department of Tumor Genetics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Roessle Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Astoul E, Laurence AD, Totty N, Beer S, Alexander DR, Cantrell DA. Approaches to define antigen receptor-induced serine kinase signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:9267-75. [PMID: 12515807 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211252200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present report we describe the properties of a novel phospho-specific antiserum that has opened a route to the characterization of antigen receptor-activated serine kinase pathways in lymphocytes. The basis for the present work was that Ser-21 in glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha is robustly phosphorylated following antigen receptor triggering. We predicted accordingly that antigen receptors would also stimulate phosphorylation of other proteins with a similar sequence. To test this idea we raised an antibody against the phospho-peptide RARTSpSFAEP, where pS is a phospho-serine corresponding to the glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha Ser-21 sequence. The resulting antiserum was called phospho antibody for proteomics-1 (PAP-1). The present study describes the properties of PAP-1 and shows that it can reveal quite striking differences in the phospho-proteome of different cell types and is able to pinpoint new targets in important signal transduction pathways. PAP-1 was used to map protein phosphorylations regulated by the antigen receptor in T cells. One of these PAP-1-reactive proteins was purified and revealed to be a previously unrecognized target for antigen receptor signal transduction, namely an "orphan" adapter SLY (Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing protein expressed in lymphocytes). The use of sera detecting specific phosphorylation sites is thus proved as a powerful method for the discovery of novel downstream components of antigen receptor signals in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Astoul
- Lymphocyte Activation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
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