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Cao X, Wang X, Lu L, Li X, Di R, He X, Hu W, Zeng X, Liu Q, Chu M. Expression and Functional Analysis of the BCL2-Associated Agonist of Cell Death ( BAD) Gene in the Sheep Ovary During the Reproductive Cycle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:512. [PMID: 30283401 PMCID: PMC6156460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ewes in China are seasonally polyestrous with normal ovulatory cycles, which is controlled by photoperiod (length of the daily light phase). These ewes are estrous in the short-day season and anestrus in the long-day season and cannot mate during anestrus. Thus seasonal breeding limits both diversification and intensification of production. If sheep can estrus all round year, it can be mated twice per year, which can greatly improve the economic benefits. To change seasonal estrus at the genetic level and cultivating new sheep breeds, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of seasonal breeding trait in sheep. The BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) gene being a regulator of cellular apoptosis was identified by our previous RNA-Seq, which is associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism how BAD can regulate estrus in sheep was poorly understood. In this study, we characterized ovine BAD, including full-length mRNA cloning and protein sequence prediction, as well as BAD expression profile in Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. The highest expression levels of BAD were observed in sheep hypothalamus, lung, and pituitary, while the lowest expression was in liver. Functional analysis of BAD was performed in primary granulosa cells of sheep. The concentration of P4 was significantly increased after RNAi interference of BAD, while P4 level was shown to be opposite after BAD overexpression in vitro. It has been found that BAD can reduce progesterone levels by promoting ovarian GC apoptosis, which might be involved in regulating the estrus cycle in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Science College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Science College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Curcumin in Advancing Treatment for Gynecological Cancers with Developed Drug- and Radiotherapy-Associated Resistance. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 176:107-129. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2018_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kars MD, Işeri OD, Gündüz U. A microarray based expression profiling of paclitaxel and vincristine resistant MCF-7 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 657:4-9. [PMID: 21320484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cell lines and tumors has been called multiple drug resistance (MDR). In this study, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to two anticancer agents (paclitaxel and vincristine) in mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 were investigated. Drug resistant sublines to paclitaxel (MCF-7/Pac) and vincristine (MCF-7/Vinc) that were developed from sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/S) were used. cDNA microarray analysis was performed for the RNA samples of sensitive and resistant cells in duplicate experiments. GeneSpring GX 7.3.1 Software was used in data analysis. The results indicated that the upregulation of MDR1 gene is the dominating mechanism of the paclitaxel and vincristine drug resistance. Additionally the upregulation of the genes encoding the detoxifying enzymes (i.e. GSTP1) was observed. Significant downregulation of apoptotic genes (i.e. PDCD2/4/6/8) and upregulation of some cell cycle regulatory genes (CDKN2A, CCNA2 etc.) was seen which may be in close relation to MDR in breast cancer. Drug resistant cancer cells exhibit different gene expression patterns depending on drug treatment, and each drug resistance phenotype is probably genetically different. Further functional studies are needed to demonstrate the complete set of genes contributing to the drug resistance phenotype in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Demirel Kars
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, 06531, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ogata T, Machida S, Oishi Y, Higuchi M, Muraoka I. Differential cell death regulation between adult-unloaded and aged rat soleus muscle. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:328-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu G, Kolesar J, McNeel DG, Leith C, Schell K, Eickhoff J, Lee F, Traynor A, Marnocha R, Alberti D, Zwiebel J, Wilding G. A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlative study of the antisense Bcl-2 oligonucleotide g3139, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2732-9. [PMID: 18451239 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I trial assessed the safety and tolerability of G3139 when given in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. The effect of G3139 treatment on Bcl-2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and paired tumor biopsies was also determined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with advanced solid malignancies received various doses of G3139 (continuous i.v. infusion days 1-7), carboplatin (day 4), and paclitaxel (day 4), repeated in 3-week cycles, in a standard cohort-of-three dose-escalation schema. Changes in Bcl-2/Bax transcription/expression were assessed at baseline and day 4 (prechemotherapy) in both PBMCs and paired tumor biopsies. The pharmacokinetic interactions between G3139 and carboplatin/paclitaxel were measured. RESULTS Forty-two patients were evaluable for safety analysis. Primary toxicities were hematologic (myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia). Dose escalation was stopped with G3139 at 7 mg/kg/d, carboplatin at area under the curve of 6, and paclitaxel at 175 mg/m(2) due to significant neutropenia seen in cycle 1 and safety concerns in further escalating chemotherapy in this phase I population. With G3139 at 7 mg/kg/d, 13 patients underwent planned tumor biopsies, of which 12 matched pairs were obtained. Quantitative increases in intratumoral G3139 with decreases in intratumoral Bcl-2 gene expression were seen. This paralleled a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression observed in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS Although the maximal tolerated dose was not reached, the observed toxicities were consistent with what one would expect from carboplatin and paclitaxel alone. In addition, we show that achievable intratumoral G3139 concentrations can result in Bcl-2 down-regulation in solid tumors and PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Liu
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
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A phase I-II study of oblimersen sodium (G3139, Genasense) in combination with doxorubicin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (NCI # 5798). Invest New Drugs 2007; 26:193-4. [PMID: 18060598 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-007-9104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim SH, Juhnn YS, Song YS. Akt involvement in paclitaxel chemoresistance of human ovarian cancer cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095:82-9. [PMID: 17404021 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (taxol) is extensively used for chemotherapy of various cancers including ovarian cancer. Although paclitaxel induces apoptosis in cancer cells, its exact mechanism of action still remains to be determined. Akt mediates survival signals which preserve various cancer cells from apoptosis pathway. Thus, Akt is considered an exciting target for therapeutics. Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of Akt increases the efficacy of the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 and PA-1 human ovarian cancer cells. The sensitivity to paclitaxel of SKOV3 and PA-1 cells was examined using the MTT assay. At a concentration of 30 nM, PA-1 cells were more sensitive to paclitaxel than SKOV3 cells. Apoptosis was accompanied by the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). To further elucidate the mechanism of apoptosis by paclitaxel, we compared the levels of phosphorylation of Akt between paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3 cells and paclitaxel-sensitive PA-1 cells. The higher level of phosphorylated Akt was shown in SKOV3 cells than in PA-1 cells. Interestingly, the treatment of paclitaxel decreased the amount of phosphorylated Akt in a time-dependent manner in both cell lines. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt by specific phosphatidyinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt inhibitors (Wortmannin, and LY294002) synergistically increased the efficacy of the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in both cell lines. These results suggest that the addition of the Akt inhibitor may increase the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Nonaka M, Ikeda H, Fujisawa A, Uehara M, Inokuchi T. Induction of apoptosis by paclitaxel in human oral carcinoma cells. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35:649-52. [PMID: 16513327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated induction of apoptosis in NB-1 oral carcinoma cells by paclitaxel and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in relation to this apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel induced apoptotic cell death in NB-1 cells in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. The present results suggest that paclitaxel can induce apoptosis of NB-1 cells, which may be mediated by down-regulation of Bcl-2 together with up-regulation of Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nonaka
- Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgical Reconstruction and Functional Restoration, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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Bava SV, Puliyappadamba VT, Deepti A, Nair A, Karunagaran D, Anto RJ. Sensitization of taxol-induced apoptosis by curcumin involves down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and the serine/threonine kinase Akt and is independent of tubulin polymerization. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:6301-8. [PMID: 15590651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410647200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is the best anticancer agent that has ever been isolated from plants, but its major disadvantage is its dose-limiting toxicity. In this study, we report with mechanism-based evidence that curcumin, a nontoxic food additive commonly used by the Indian population, sensitizes tumor cells more efficiently to the therapeutic effect of Taxol. A combination of 5 nm Taxol with 5 microm curcumin augments anticancer effects more efficiently than Taxol alone as evidenced by increased cytotoxicity and reduced DNA synthesis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, our results reveal that this combination at the cellular level augments activation of caspases and cytochrome c release. This synergistic effect was not observed in normal cervical cells, 293 cells (in which Taxol down-regulates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)), or HeLa cells transfected with inhibitor kappaBalpha double mutant (IkappaBalpha DM), although the transfection itself sensitized the cells to Taxol-induced cytotoxicity. Evaluation of signaling pathways common to Taxol and curcumin reveals that this synergism was in part related to down-regulation of NF-kappaB and serine/threonine kinase Akt pathways by curcumin. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that activation of NF-kappaB induced by Taxol is down-regulated by curcumin. We also noted that curcumin-down-regulated Taxol induced phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, a survival signal which in many instances is regulated by NF-kappaB. Interestingly, tubulin polymerization and cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2 activation induced by Taxol was not affected by curcumin. Altogether, our observations indicate that Taxol in combination with curcumin may provide a superior therapeutic index and advantage in the clinic for the treatment of refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha V Bava
- Division of Cancer Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
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Chun E, Lee KY. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are important for the induction of paclitaxel resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:771-9. [PMID: 14975768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have investigated the mechanism underlying resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel in tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Treatment with paclitaxel led to potent inhibition of growth of Hep3B hepatoma cells, but did not affect the growth properties of SNU-368 and SNU-398 cell lines that were established from primary HCC tumors. The growth inhibitory effect induced by paclitaxel correlated with levels of intracellular p21 and resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. However, paclitaxel treatment did not alter intracellular p53 levels. Instead, SNU-398 cells express high levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) proteins and the level of Bcl-x(L) could be further induced upon paclitaxel treatment. In contrast, Hep3B cells express pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl family and fail to induce Bcl-x(L) upon paclitaxel treatment. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) play an important role in mediating resistance to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Chun
- Immune-2 Team, Mogam Biotechnology Institute, 341 Pojung-ri, Koosung-myun, Yongin-city, Kyonggi-do 449-910, Republic of Korea
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Miao L, Yi P, Wang Y, Wu M. Etoposide upregulates Bax-enhancing tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line QGY-7703. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:2721-31. [PMID: 12823542 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted much attention because of its ability to kill tumour cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of QGY-7703 cells with the combination of TRAIL and etoposide resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects. In dissecting the mechanism underlying this synergistic effect, we found that treatment with etoposide alone resulted in the upregulation of Bax, while the level of truncated Bid (tBid) was unchanged. In contrast, while treatment with TRAIL alone significantly increased the level of tBid, the expression of Bax remained unaffected. The enhanced apoptosis was accompanied by an increased release of cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct IAP binding protein with low pI (DIABLO) from mitochondria, leading to the activation of cellular caspase-8, -9, -3 and -7, as well as poly ADP-ribose polymerase. This enhanced release of cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/DIABLO was inhibited by the general caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone. The RT-PCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that the levels of both mRNA and protein for death receptor-4, death receptor-5 and decoy receptor-2 remained unchanged in response to etoposide, indicating that the synergistic effect of TRAIL and etoposide is not a result of increasing the expression for TRAIL receptors, but rather is associated with amplification of the mitochondrial signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Miao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the apoptosis in gastric cancer cells induced by paclitaxel, and the relation between this apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
METHODS: In in vitro experiments, MTT assay was used to determine the cell growth inhibitory rate. Transmission electron microscope and TUNEL staining method were used to quantitatively and qualitively detect the apoptosis status of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 before and after the paclitaxel treatment. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-regulated gene Bcl-2 and Bax.
RESULTS: Paclitaxel inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Paclitaxel induced SGC-7901 cells to undergo apoptosis with typically apoptotic characteristics, including morphological changes of chromatin condensation, chromatin crescent formation, nucleus fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. Paclitaxel could reduce the expression of apoptosis-regulated gene Bcl-2, and improve the expression of apoptosis-regulated gene Bax.
CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel is able to induce the apoptosis in gastric cancer. This apoptosis may be mediated by down-expression of apoptosis-regulated gene Bcl-2 and up-expression of apoptosis-regulated gene Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Zhou
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250052, Shandong Province, China.
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