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Wu Y, Pan W, Hu X, Zhang A, Wei W. The prospects for targeting FcR as a novel therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:114360. [PMID: 33301760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial membrane hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone tissue destruction. Although there have been many measures taken for RA therapy in recent years, they are not sufficiently safe or effective. Thus, it is very important to develop new drugs and slow down damage to other healthy organs in the case of RA. Lately, immunoglobulin Fc receptors (FcRs), such as the IgG Fc receptor (FcγR), IgA Fc receptor (FcαR), and IgD Fc receptor (FcδR), have been found to be involved in inducing or suppressing arthritis. FcRs interacting with immune complexes (ICs) are a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of RA. Therefore, an increasing number of methodsfor the targeted treatment of RA with FcRs are emerging, such as recombinant soluble FcγRs, recombinant multimeric Fc fragments and monoclonal antibodies, and have been demonstrated to significantly improve RA symptoms. Simultaneously, certain kinases involved in the downstream signaling of FcRs can also be a target for the treatment of RA, such as Syk and Btk inhibitors. An overview of these FcRs is provided in this review, including a description of FcR-related functions, signaling pathways, and potential FcR-targeting molecules for RA therapy. To date, the initial results of those developed FcR-targeting molecules have been promising. With this, FcRs might offer a better alternative to RA medication. Additionally, further pharmacological characterization and a better understanding of the unique mechanisms of FcR-targeting molecules are necessary.
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Dai X, Wu YJ, Jia XY, Chang Y, Wu HX, Wang C, Wei W. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) and IgD receptor expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:544-551. [PMID: 31315540 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2019.1642553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Immunoglobulin D (IgD) levels are often elevated in patients with autoimmune diseases. However, the oncogenic activities of IgD and IgD receptor (IgDR) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have not been reported in detail. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of IgD and IgDR in patients with DLBCL. Methods: Membrane IgD (mIgD) and IgDR expression in tissue samples was analyzed using IHC, mIgD and IgDR expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by FCM, and secreted IgD (sIgD) level was analyzed by ELISA. Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between IgD, IgDR, and clinical parameters. Results: The pathological lymph nodes of 34 patients with DLBCL were studied, and mIgD and IgDR expression was found in 16 and 19 patients. mIgD and IgDR expression was upregulated in patients with DLBCL and mIgD expression was significantly associated with IgDR expression. Further correlation analysis showed that mIgD expression was correlated with serum β2-MG level and Hans algorithm as germinal center B (GCB), whereas IgDR expression correlated with serum LDH level, IPI score and GCB. ELISA showed that sIgD level was significantly increased in DLBCL patients and it correlated with serum β2-MG and LDH levels. FCM showed that mIgD and IgDR expression in PBMCs of patients with DLBCL was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that overexpression of IgD and IgDR is an abnormal activation state in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Dai
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Jia
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Xun Wu
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
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Wu YJ, Chen WS, Chen HS, Dai X, Dong J, Wang Y, Zhang LL, Chang Y, Huang Q, Jia XY, Wei W. The immunoglobulin D Fc receptor expressed on fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contributes to the cell activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1466-74. [PMID: 28770826 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin IgD might play an important role in autoimmune diseases, but the function of IgD has remained elusive, despite multiple attempts to define its biological function. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are specialized cells of the synovium that play a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we explored the possible roles of excessive IgD expression on the function of FLSs from RA patients (RA-FLSs). We showed that IgD Fc receptor (IgDR) was constitutively expressed on FLSs, and was significantly elevated in RA-FLSs compared with FLSs prepared from synovial tissues of healthy controls (HC-FLSs). Furthermore, IgDR was mainly detected on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. We further detected the intrinsic binding affinity of IgD to IgDR on HC-FLSs with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 0.067 nmol/L. Incubation of RA-FLSs with IgD (1-10 μg/mL) for 48 h dose-dependently promoted the expression of IgDR, and stimulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, TNF-α and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), thus potentially contributing to IgD-IgDR crosslinking. Moreover, incubation with IgD (0.1-10 μg/mL) for 48 h dose-dependently enhanced viability for both HC-FLSs and RA-FLSs. Our results demonstrate that IgDR is expressed on RA-FLSs and contributes to the activation of FLSs, and suggest that IgD-IgDR is a potential novel immunotherapeutic target for the management of RA.
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Wu Y, Chen W, Chen H, Zhang L, Chang Y, Yan S, Dai X, Ma Y, Huang Q, Wei W. The Elevated Secreted Immunoglobulin D Enhanced the Activation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147788. [PMID: 26814717 PMCID: PMC4729477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is a surface immunoglobulin that is expressed as either membrane IgD (mIgD) or secreted IgD (sIgD). Researchers have shown that sIgD is often elevated in patients with autoimmune diseases. The possible roles of sIgD on the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are still unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of sIgD, mIgD and IgD receptor (IgDR) in RA patients and healthy controls, and investigated the effect of sIgD on the function of PBMCs. We found that the levels of sIgD, mIgD and IgDR were significantly higher in RA patients compared with healthy controls. The concentrations of sIgD were positively correlated with soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients. Strikingly, IgD could enhance the proliferation of PBMCs and induce IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 production from PBMCs. Moreover, the percentage of activated T cell subsets (CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD154+) and activated B cell subsets (CD19+CD23+, CD19+CD21+, CD19+IgD+ and CD19-CD138+) were increased by IgD. The percentage of unactivated T cell subset (CD4+CD62L+) and immature B cell subset (CD19+IgM+IgD-) were decreased by IgD in PBMCs. Furthermore, the expressions of IgDR on T and B cells were significantly increased by treatment with IgD. Our results demonstrate that IgD enhanced the activation of PBMCs, which may contribute to RA pathogenesis. Therefore, IgD could be a potential novel immunotherapeutic target for the management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hengshi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shangxue Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xing Dai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (QH)
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (QH)
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Dai X, Wu Y, Jia X, Chang Y, Wu H, Wang C, Chen H, Chen W, Huang Q, Wei W. hIgD promotes human Burkitt lymphoma Daudi cell proliferation by accelerated G1/S transition via IgD receptor activity. Immunol Res 2016; 64:978-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen NY, Hung AFH, Lin CJ, Chen JB, Chu HM, Yu HM, Chang HY, Chang TW. Manipulating mIgD-expressing B cells with anti-migis-δ monoclonal antibodies. Mol Immunol 2012; 53:187-97. [PMID: 22944457 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface IgD and IgM doubly positive cells comprise the major population of B cells in the human immune system. The heavy chain of membrane-bound IgD (mδ) differs from that of IgD (δ) in that mδ contains a C-terminal membrane-anchor peptide. Our group previously proposed that the N-terminal extracellular segment of 27 aa residues of the membrane-anchor peptide of mδ, referred to as the mIg isotype-specific-δ (migis-δ) segment, may provide a unique antigenic site for isotype-specific targeting of mIgD(+) B cells. Here we report the preparation of mouse mAbs specific for human migis-δ. The mAbs bound to human migis-δ-containing recombinant proteins in an ELISA and to mIgD-expressing transfectants of a CHO cell line as analyzed by flow cytometry. MAb 20E6, which binds to an epitope toward the N-terminal of human migis-δ, could stain human B cell line MC116, which expressed mIgD and mIgM. MC116 cells could be induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with 20E6 in the presence of a second crosslinking antibody. Chimeric 20E6 caused antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of MC116 cells in the presence of human PBMCs as the source of effector cells. In cultures of PBMCs, 20E6 down-regulated the population of mIgD(+) B cells. The production of human IgM by transplanted MC116 cells in NOD-SCID (NOD.CB17-Prkdc(scid)/IcrCrlBltw) mice could be suppressed by 20E6. These results encourage further investigation of the potential of anti-migis-δ mAbs to control mIgD(+) B cells, when such a manipulation may alleviate a disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Yi Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) has remained a mysterious antibody class for almost half a century. IgD was initially thought to be a recently evolved Ig isotype expressed only by some mammalian species, but recent discoveries in fishes and amphibians demonstrate that IgD was present in the ancestor of all jawed vertebrates and has important immunological functions. The structure of IgD has been very dynamic throughout evolution. Mammals can express IgD through alternative splicing and class switch recombination. Active cell-dependent and T-cell-independent IgM-to-IgD class switching takes place in a unique subset of human B cells from the upper aerodigestive mucosa, which provides a layer of mucosal protection by interacting with many pathogens and their virulence factors. Circulating IgD can bind to myeloid cells such as basophils and induce antimicrobial, inflammatory, and B-cell-stimulating factors upon cross-linking, which contributes to not only immune surveillance but also inflammation and tissue damage when this pathway is overactivated under pathological conditions. Recent research shows that IgD is an important immunomodulator that orchestrates an ancestral surveillance system at the interface between immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Rogers KA, Richardson JP, Scinicariello F, Attanasio R. Molecular characterization of immunoglobulin D in mammals: immunoglobulin heavy constant delta genes in dogs, chimpanzees and four old world monkey species. Immunology 2006; 118:88-100. [PMID: 16630026 PMCID: PMC1782270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are adaptor molecules that neutralize pathogens and link humoral and cellular defence mechanisms. Immunoglobulin D (IgD), one of the five antibody classes present in mammals, is expressed as an antigen receptor on naïve B cells. The functional role that IgD plays in the immune response is still poorly understood, but the recent characterization of immunoglobulin heavy constant delta genes (IGHD) in a variety of species challenges the view that IgD is of minor importance and is not present in many animals. On the basis of serological studies, IgD appears to be expressed in the majority of mammalian species examined. To confirm, at the molecular level, that IgD is present in different species, we cloned and sequenced IGHD cDNA from dogs and five non-human primate species (chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, cynomolgus macaque, baboon and sooty mangabey). Our results show that in all six species, IgD heavy chains possess three immunoglobulin domains and a long hinge region encoded by two exons. Only the hinge region of non-human primates is similar to the human hinge region, with conservation of O-glycosylation sites and multiple charged residues at opposing ends. The preservation of IgD in primates, dogs and previously characterized species suggests an important functional role for IgD, possibly involving binding to a receptor. The high degree of similarity existing between the structural features of human and non-human primate IgD suggests that non-human primates are suitable for in vivo studies designed to define the role that IgD plays in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Rogers
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Abstract
IgM and IgD expression during B cell development and differentiation is strictly and developmentally controlled. Although studies have suggested subtle differences in B cell activation, tolerance, and affinity maturation when antigens ligate cell membrane IgM or IgD, the mechanisms that may explain these differences remain unknown and no drastic differences in immune responses have been reported in mice whose B cells selectively lack IgM or IgD. We now show that the antibody repertoire in IgM(-/-) mice is dramatically altered during the primary response to phosphorylcholine. In IgM(-/-) mice, B cells that are activated and differentiate into antibody-forming cells and germinal center B cells express VH genes other than the T15 genes that dominate in wild-type mice. The kinetics of the antigen-specific IgD primary antibody response in IgM(-/-) mice appears similar to that of IgG, but not to that of IgM in wild-type mice. Thus, our studies demonstrate that differences in the roles played by IgM and IgD in regulating the responsiveness and differentiation of B lymphocytes can have major biological consequences during adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Han
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Renling Xu
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Department of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Biao Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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Abstract
Based on our previous findings that immunoglobulin D (IgD) receptor (IgD-R) cross-linking with oligomeric IgD (IgD-R-xL) led to T cell activation, we examined the effect of IgD-R-xL on the expression of Fas antigen and apoptosis induction. In splenic T cells, IgD-R-xL followed by dexamethasone (dex) treatment resulted in a decreased percentage of Fas-positive cells as well as a decreased mean fluorescence intensity (P<0.05) when compared with cells treated with dex alone. There are significant differences in annexin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) staining between samples treated with dex alone and IgD-R-xL followed by dex-treated samples (P<0.05), suggesting a protective role for IgD-R-xL. No significant differences are seen in Fas antigen expression, annexin-FITC staining, and/or PI staining in murine T hybridoma (7C5) cells cultured under similar conditions (P<0.07). We hypothesize that ligation of IgD-R may predispose antigen-specific T lymphocytes for survival during primary immune responses when IgD-positive B cells serve as antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha M Lakshmi Tamma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, CUNY Medical School, New York, New York 10031, USA
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Abstract
Upregulation of immunoglobulin D-specific receptors (IgD-R) on CD4+ T cells may facilitate their interaction with specific carbohydrate moieties uniquely associated with membrane IgD on B cells. Previous studies have shown that upregulation of IgD-R facilitates cognate T-B cell interactions by mediating bidirectional signaling resulting in increased antibody responses and clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells. Murine T hybridoma cells, 7C5, constitutively express IgD-R, as has been confirmed by staining with biotinylated IgD. Earlier studies have shown that inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) completely prevented upregulation of IgD-R in response to oligomeric IgD, suggesting that cross-linking of IgD-R may induce signal transduction and functional consequences through one or more PTK activation pathways, leading to upregulation of IgD-R. In the present study we show that cross-linking of IgD-R by oligomeric IgD indeed results in (a) T cell activation as seen by tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins, (b) tyrosine phosphorylation of p56 Lck and PLC-gamma in 7C5 T hybridoma cells, and (c) phosphorylation of an approximately 29-kDa band that exhibits strong affinity for IgD. We analyzed tyrosine phosphorylation of p56 Lck and PLC-gamma in BALB/c splenic T cells that were exposed to oligomeric IgD both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro cross-linking as well as in vivo followed by in vitro cross-linking of IgD-R resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of p56 Lck and moderate tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma. These results suggest that interactions between IgD-R and IgD mediate signal transduction and support our previous findings that IgD-R+ T cells enhance cognate T cell-B cell interactions and antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lakshmi Tamma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, CUNY Medical School, New York, New York, 10031, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Vladutiu
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Kaleida Health/Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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