1
|
Wolf CL, Pruett C, Lighter D, Jorcyk CL. The clinical relevance of OSM in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239732. [PMID: 37841259 PMCID: PMC10570509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a variety of inflammatory responses such as wound healing, liver regeneration, and bone remodeling. As a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, OSM binds the shared receptor gp130, recruits either OSMRβ or LIFRβ, and activates a variety of signaling pathways including the JAK/STAT, MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Since its discovery in 1986, OSM has been identified as a significant contributor to a multitude of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung and skin disease, cardiovascular disease, and most recently, COVID-19. Additionally, OSM has also been extensively studied in the context of several cancer types including breast, cervical, ovarian, testicular, colon and gastrointestinal, brain,lung, skin, as well as other cancers. While OSM has been recognized as a significant contributor for each of these diseases, and studies have shown OSM inhibition is effective at treating or reducing symptoms, very few therapeutics have succeeded into clinical trials, and none have yet been approved by the FDA for treatment. In this review, we outline the role OSM plays in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, and outline the previous and current strategies for developing an inhibitor for OSM signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody L. Wolf
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Clyde Pruett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Darren Lighter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Jorcyk
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aisa MC, Datti A, Orlacchio A, Di Renzo GC. COX inhibitors and bone: A safer impact on osteoblasts by NO-releasing NSAIDs. Life Sci 2018; 208:10-19. [PMID: 29990484 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Although it is well known that NSAIDs can suppress bone growth, remodelling and repair, they are largely used post-operatively and post-traumatically to achieve analgesia and reduce inflammation in bone tissue. AIMS The impact of two NO-releasing, non-selective NSAIDs, NCX-4016 and HCT-3012 (NO-derivatives of Aspirin and Naproxen, respectively) on osteoblasts were evaluated and compared to the non-selective, parent chemicals and to the COX-2-selective inhibitor Celecoxib. MAIN METHODS Using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, we considered proliferation, the early and late stage of differentiation, and the activity of proteinases thought to be involved in osteoid degradation, a preliminary fundamental event of bone remodelling. KEY FINDINGS Unlike Aspirin, Naproxen and Celecoxib, the two NO-NSAIDs did not alter proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. They also reduced the activity of plasminogen activator, metalloproteinases, and cathepsin B. Similar inhibitory effects against these proteinases were recapitulated by the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside, thereby suggesting a NO-mediated mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE Due to a differential effect on cell proliferation and differentiation, the two NO-NSAIDs exhibit a safer impact on osteoblast metabolism compared to Celecoxib and their parent compounds. This suggests an advantageous option for these drugs in individuals with a need of COX-inhibiting treatment, in general. In addition, their capability of modulating the proteinases involved in osteoid degradation may specifically suggest an additional safer use in comorbidity conditions of inflammation or pain with bone disorders characterized by high rate of remodelling, such as high-turnover osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Aisa
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, European Centre for Brain Research (CERC) - Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sousa S, Brion R, Lintunen M, Kronqvist P, Sandholm J, Mönkkönen J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Lauttia S, Tynninen O, Joensuu H, Heymann D, Määttä JA. Human breast cancer cells educate macrophages toward the M2 activation status. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:101. [PMID: 26243145 PMCID: PMC4531540 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immune system plays a major role in cancer progression. In solid tumors, 5-40 % of the tumor mass consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and there is usually a correlation between the number of TAMs and poor prognosis, depending on the tumor type. TAMs usually resemble M2 macrophages. Unlike M1-macrophages which have pro-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions, M2-macrophages are immunosuppressive, contribute to the matrix-remodeling, and hence favor tumor growth. The role of TAMs is not fully understood in breast cancer progression. Methods Macrophage infiltration (CD68) and activation status (HLA-DRIIα, CD163) were evaluated in a large cohort of human primary breast tumors (562 tissue microarray samples), by immunohistochemistry and scored by automated image analysis algorithms. Survival between groups was compared using the Kaplan-Meier life-table method and a Cox multivariate proportional hazards model. Macrophage education by breast cancer cells was assessed by ex vivo differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence or absence of breast cancer cell conditioned media (MDA-MB231, MCF-7 or T47D cell lines) and M1 or M2 inducing cytokines (respectively IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10). Obtained macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry (CD14, CD16, CD64, CD86, CD200R and CD163), ELISA (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte colony stimulating factor M-CSF) and zymography (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP-9). Results Clinically, we found that high numbers of CD163+ M2-macrophages were strongly associated with fast proliferation, poor differentiation, estrogen receptor negativity and histological ductal type (p<0.001) in the studied cohort of human primary breast tumors. We demonstrated ex vivo that breast cancer cell-secreted factors modulate macrophage differentiation toward the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, the more aggressive mesenchymal-like cell line MDA-MB231, which secretes high levels of M-CSF, skews macrophages toward the more immunosuppressive M2c subtype. Conclusions This study demonstrates that human breast cancer cells influence macrophage differentiation and that TAM differentiation status correlates with recurrence free survival, thus further emphasizing that TAMs can similarly affect therapy efficacy and patient outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0621-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR957, Equipe LIGUE 2012, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44035, France.
| | - Minnamaija Lintunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pauliina Kronqvist
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Cell Imaging Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jukka Mönkkönen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Susanna Lauttia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR957, Equipe LIGUE 2012, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44035, France.
| | - Jorma A Määttä
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The effects of oncostatin M on trophoblast cells: Influence on matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, and invasion activity. Placenta 2012; 33:908-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
5
|
Lee KH, Choi EM. Rubus coreanus Miq. Extract Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibits Bone-Resorbing Mediators in MC3T3-E1 Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 34:643-54. [PMID: 16883635 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0600417x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age, certain nutritional and pharmacological factors are needed. In the present study, the ethanol extract from the fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq. (RCE) was investigated for its effect on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. RCE (10~50 μg/ml) caused a significant elevation in cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and osteocalcin secretion in the cells. The effect of RCE (50 μg/ml) in increasing cell viability, ALP activity, and collagen content was prevented by the presence of 10-6 M cycloheximide and 10-6 M tamoxifen, suggesting that RCE's effect results from a newly synthesized protein component and might be partly involved in estrogen action. We then examined the effect of RCE on the H 2 O 2-induced apoptosis and production of local factors in osteoblasts. Treatment with RCE (10~50 μg/ml) decreased the 0.2 mM H 2 O 2-induced apoptosis and production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in osteoblasts. Our data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by Rubus coreanus Miq. may result in the prevention of osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Service Management, College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scientific evidence and rationale for the development of curcumin and resveratrol as nutraceutricals for joint health. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4202-4232. [PMID: 22605974 PMCID: PMC3344210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are key cytokines that drive the production of inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes in osteoarthritis (OA). These proinflammatory cytokines bind to their respective cell surface receptors and activate inflammatory signaling pathways culminating with the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that can be triggered by a host of stress-related stimuli including, excessive mechanical stress and ECM degradation products. Once activated, NF-κB regulates the expression of many cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, inflammatory mediators, and several matrix-degrading enzymes. Therefore, proinflammatory cytokines, their cell surface receptors, NF-κB and downstream signaling pathways are therapeutic targets in OA. This paper critically reviews the recent literature and outlines the potential prophylactic properties of plant-derived phytochemicals such as curcumin and resveratrol for targeting NF-κB signaling and inflammation in OA to determine whether these phytochemicals can be used as functional foods.
Collapse
|
7
|
Baud'Huin M, Charrier C, Bougras G, Brion R, Lezot F, Padrines M, Heymann D. Proteoglycans and osteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 836:323-37. [PMID: 22252644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteolysis is a complex mechanism resulting from an exacerbated activity of osteoclasts associated or not with a dysregulation of osteoblast metabolism leading to bone loss. This bone defect is not compensated by bone apposition or by apposition of bone matrix with poor mechanical quality. Osteolytic process is regulated by mechanical constraints, by polypeptides including cytokines and hormones, and by extracellular matrix components such as proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Several studies revealed that GAGs may influence osteoclastogenesis, but data are very controversial: some studies showed a repressive effect of GAGs on osteoclastic differentiation, whereas others described a stimulatory effect. The controversy also affects osteoblasts which appear sometimes inhibited by polysaccharides and sometimes stimulated by these compounds. Furthermore, long-term treatment with heparin leads to the development of osteoporosis fueling the controversy. After a brief description of the principal osteoclastogenesis assays, the present chapter summarizes the main data published on the effect of PGs/GAGs on bone cells and their functional incidence on osteolysis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ueland T, Lekva T, Otterdal K, Dahl TB, Olarescu NC, Jørgensen AP, Fougner KJ, Brixen K, Aukrust P, Bollerslev J. Increased serum and bone matrix levels of transforming growth factor {beta}1 in patients with GH deficiency in response to GH treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 165:393-400. [PMID: 21653735 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with adult onset GH deficiency (aoGHD) have secondary osteoporosis, which is reversed by long-term GH substitution. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1 or TGFB1) is abundant in bone tissue and could mediate some effects of GH/IGFs on bone. We investigated its regulation by GH/IGF1 in vivo and in vitro. DESIGN AND METHODS The effects of GH substitution (9-12 months, placebo controlled) on circulating and cortical bone matrix contents of TGFβ1 were investigated in patients with aoGHD. The effects of GH/IGF1 on TGFβ1 secretion in osteoblasts (hFOB), adipocytes, and THP-1 macrophages as well as the effects on release from platelets were investigated in vitro. RESULTS In vivo GH substitution increased TGFβ1 protein levels in cortical bone and serum. In vitro, GH/IGF1 stimulation induced a significant increase in TGFβ1 secretion in hFOB. In contrast, no major effect of GH/IGF1 on TGFβ1 was found in adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages. Finally, a minor modifying effect on SFLLRN-stimulated platelet release of TGFβ1 was observed in the presence of IGF1. CONCLUSION GH substitution increases TGFβ1 in vivo and in vitro, and this effect could contribute to improved bone metabolism during such therapy, potentially reflecting direct effect of GH/IGF1 on bone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine Department of Endocrinology Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sutton S, Clutterbuck A, Harris P, Gent T, Freeman S, Foster N, Barrett-Jolley R, Mobasheri A. The contribution of the synovium, synovial derived inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Vet J 2009; 179:10-24. [PMID: 17911037 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common and disabling chronic joint disorders affecting horses, dogs and humans. Synovial inflammation or synovitis is a frequently observed phenomenon in osteoarthritic joints and contributes to the pathogenesis of OA through formation of various catabolic and pro-inflammatory mediators altering the balance of cartilage matrix degradation and repair. Catabolic mediators produced by the inflamed synovium include pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2) and several neuropeptides, which further contribute to the pathogenesis of OA by increasing cartilage degradation. Recent studies suggest that substance P, corticotropin-releasing factor, urocortin and vasoactive intestinal peptide may also be involved in OA development, but the precise role of these neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of OA is not known. Since increased production of matrix metalloproteinases by the synovium is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, future anti-inflammatory therapies should focus on the synovium as a means of controlling subsequent inflammatory damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saski Sutton
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hergeth SP, Aicher WK, Essl M, Schreiber TD, Sasaki T, Klein G. Characterization and functional analysis of osteoblast-derived fibulins in the human hematopoietic stem cell niche. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1022-34. [PMID: 18468769 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the bone marrow stem cell niche, osteoblasts lining the endosteum are of major importance in supporting hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Our objective was to analyze expression of the fibulins, highly conserved calcium-binding glycoproteins, which are components of the extracellular matrix of human osteoblasts, and to provide insights into their functional interactions with hematopoietic progenitor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of the fibulins by human osteoblasts was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting using fibulin-specific antisera. Recombinant fibulins were used in cell proliferation and differentiation assays with human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells. Adhesive interactions of CD34(+) cells with fibulins were investigated using cell-adhesion assays. RESULTS Human osteoblasts strongly express and secrete fibulin-1 and -2. Whereas fibulin-1 is secreted in its intact form, fibulin-2 synthesized by human osteoblasts undergoes rapid proteolytic degradation. The matrix metalloproteinase-2, which is constitutively expressed by the osteoblasts, seems to be responsible for fibulin-2 degradation. Fibulin-1 showed an inhibitory effect on short-term CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. Both fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 were able to diminish erythroid and myeloid colony formation. The CD34(+) cell line KG1a strongly attached to fibulin-2, whereas magnetic-activated cell sorted CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors did not adhere to either fibulin-1 or fibulin-2. On the other hand, fibulin-1 can strongly interfere with CD34(+) cell adhesion to fibronectin. CONCLUSION Fibulins seem to be important components of the extracellular matrix of osteoblasts and are likely to negatively influence the proliferation rate of stem cells and the overall adhesive properties of the endosteal stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja P Hergeth
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Center for Medical Research, University Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borysenko CW, García-Palacios V, Griswold RD, Li Y, Iyer AKV, Yaroslavskiy BB, Sharrow AC, Blair HC. Death receptor-3 mediates apoptosis in human osteoblasts under narrowly regulated conditions. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209:1021-8. [PMID: 16986165 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a soluble form of the TNF-family receptor death receptor-3 (DR3) is expressed in osteoblasts. DR3 regulates death or differentiation in other tissues, and DR3 ligands occur in bone, but the function of DR3 in the osteoblast was unknown. We studied the expression of DR3 and the effects crosslinking antibodies to DR3 or of natural DR3 ligands in human osteoblasts. Western analysis showed that nontransformed osteoblasts and the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line produce both soluble decoy receptor and transmembrane isoforms of DR3. Cell surface labeling showed that low and high DR3-expressing osteoblast populations occur. Verification of by cloning showed a point mutation in DR3 from MG63 cells. Activation of DR3 by antibody crosslinking or with DR3 ligands caused apoptosis in osteoblasts and in MG63 cells, but only in low-density cell cultures. In dense cultures apoptosis did not occur, but nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation was observed under some conditions. Crosslinking of DR3 in high-density MG63 cultures blocked expression of bone matrix elements. DR3 activation in high-density nontransformed osteoblasts had only minor effects on cell maturation. We conclude that DR3 activation can mediate apoptosis in osteoblasts. Its activity is, however, highly restricted by its soluble ligand-binding isoform and possibly also by alternate survival signals. In the presence of survival signals, DR3 may affect cell maturation although effects on differentiation were clearly seen only in the MG63 transformed cell line.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tat SK, Padrines M, Theoleyre S, Couillaud-Battaglia S, Heymann D, Redini F, Fortun Y. OPG/membranous--RANKL complex is internalized via the clathrin pathway before a lysosomal and a proteasomal degradation. Bone 2006; 39:706-15. [PMID: 16750945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the OPG/RANK/RANKL (osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB/RANK ligand) triad are involved in various osteolytic pathologies such as bone tumors. Although many studies described the use of OPG during the treatment of bone diseases, its bioavailability and the mechanism by which the cells control the extracellular OPG remains blurred. The present work uses a strongly RANKL expressing cellular model to assess the becoming and the bioavailability of exogenous OPG in the context of its interactions with RANKL. The human kidney cell line 293, which initially expresses neither OPG nor RANKL, was stably transfected by the full length of mouse transmembranous form of RANKL (293RL). When OPG is incubated with 293RL cells, the extracellular concentration of OPG was strongly decreased in a time-dependent manner. The OPG disappearance was not inhibited by the addition of several proteases inhibitors, thus excluding any extracellular protease degradation. Contrary to previous results obtained on myeloma cells, which strongly express syndecan-1, the OPG disappearance was unaffected by the use of an antibody against syndecan-1. However, this event was abolished by an antibody against RANKL. These results, not necessarily conflicting, could be in relation with the expression level of the receptors in the two cellular models. In this context, an internalization process was put forward. Confocal microscopy demonstrated via the clathrin pathway an internalization of OPG mediated by RANKL. After being internalized, OPG was then degraded by the proteasome and the lysosome. A similar internalization phenomenon was also observed in osteoblast cells expressing physiologically RANKL, thus validating our data observed on 293RL cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that the half-life of RANKL was greatly reduced in the presence of OPG, pointing out that OPG binding to RANKL induces an enhancement of the ligand internalization. By the light of these results, the inhibitory effect of OPG on bone resorption can be explained not only by a decoy receptor function, competitor inhibitor of the RANK/RANKL binding, but also by the modulation of the RANKL half-life induced by OPG. Reciprocally, this modulation contributes to reduce the bioavailability of OPG.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen SH, Gillespie GY, Benveniste EN. Divergent effects of oncostatin M on astroglioma cells: influence on cell proliferation, invasion, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Glia 2006; 53:191-200. [PMID: 16206166 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, can either promote or inhibit cell growth in various normal and tumor cells. We addressed the effects of exogenous OSM on the proliferation and invasion of human astroglioma cells. In addition, we investigated one of the possible mechanisms involved: modulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and enzymatic activity. We found that OSM inhibited the proliferation of two human astroglioma cell lines (CH235-MG and U87-MG), and that this effect was not due to apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of OSM on proliferation was mediated through the gp130/OSMRbeta receptor complex. To extend these findings, we analyzed the effects of OSM on primary tumor cells from glioblastoma patients. OSM suppressed the proliferation of primary glioblastoma cells, but not that of normal astrocytes. Interestingly, OSM did not suppress astroglioma cell invasion. This may be due to the differential regulation of MMPs by OSM. We found that OSM inhibited the constitutive expression of MMP-2, while MMP-9 expression was enhanced in astroglioma cell lines. We conclude that OSM inhibits proliferation of human astroglioma cells and primary glioblastoma cells via the gp130/OSMRbeta receptor complex. However, OSM does not affect the invasive capacity of the astroglioma cells, which may be due to the divergent effects of OSM on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest a complex role for OSM in astroglioma biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0005, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee KH, Choi EM. Stimulatory effects of extract prepared from the bark ofCinnamomum cassia blume on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Phytother Res 2006; 20:952-60. [PMID: 16906639 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ethanol extract from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (CCE) was tested for estrogenic activity. CCE (4-60 microg/mL) significantly induced the growth of MCF-7 cells, an ER-positive human breast cancer cell line, over that of untreated control cells (p < 0.05). In the ER competitive binding assay, CCE showed higher affinity with ERbeta compared with ERalpha. To investigate the bioactivities of CCE, which act on bone metabolism, the effects of CCE on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and the production of local factors in osteoblasts were studied. CCE (4-60 microg/mL) dose-dependently increased the survival of MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, CCE (10 and 50 microg/mL) increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis and osteocalcin secretion in MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with CCE (10 and 50 microg/mL) prevented apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha (10(-10) m) in osteoblastic cells. In the presence of TNF-alpha, culture with CCE (10-100 microg/mL) for 48 h inhibited the production of IL-6 and nitric oxide in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that Cinnamomum cassia has a direct stimulatory effect on bone formation in vitro and may contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Service Management, College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L, Konttinen YT, Lauhio A, Salo T, Lee HM, Golub LM, Brown DL, Mäntylä P. Matrix metalloproteinases: contribution to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal inflammation. Ann Med 2006; 38:306-21. [PMID: 16938801 DOI: 10.1080/07853890600800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a family of enzymes that mediate multiple functions both in the tissue destruction and immune responses related to periodontal inflammation. The expression and activity of MMPs in non-inflamed periodontium is low but is drastically enhanced to pathologically elevated levels due to the dental plaque and infection-induced periodontal inflammation. Soft and hard tissue destruction during periodontitis and peri-implantitis are thought to reflect a cascade of events involving bacterial virulence factors/enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and MMPs. However, recent studies suggest that MMPs can also exert anti-inflammatory effects in defence of the host by processing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as by regulating apoptotic and immune responses. MMP-inhibitor (MMPI)-drugs, such as doxycycline, can be used as adjunctive medication to augment both the scaling and root planing-treatment of periodontitis locally and to reduce inflammation systematically. Furthermore, MMPs present in oral fluids (gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), mouth-rinses and saliva) can be utilized to develop new non-invasive, chair/bed-side, point-of-care diagnostics for periodontitis and dental peri-implantitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lafreniere JF, Mills P, Tremblay JP, El Fahime E. GROWTH FACTORS IMPROVE THE IN VIVO MIGRATION OF HUMAN SKELETAL MYOBLASTS BY MODULATING THEIR ENDOGENOUS PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY. Transplantation 2004; 77:1741-7. [PMID: 15201676 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000131175.60047.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A main technological problem related to the clinical application of myoblast transplantation is the poor migration of transplanted cells. In this study, we investigated a new physiologic approach that consists of coinjecting motogenic factors insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to enhance the migration of human skeletal myoblasts. Among the different ways by which those factors can induce the cell migration processes, we investigated their capacity to enhance cell endogenous proteolytic activity that will help transplanted cells to migrate through the extracellular matrix. METHODS In vitro, myoblasts were coincubated with bFGF or IGF-1. Growth factors effects on cell migration were evaluated using invasion chambers, and their effects on proteolytic systems were evaluated by zymography, Western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, myoblasts were coinjected with growth factors and the intramuscular migration capacity was assessed using the microtube technique. RESULTS In vitro, the presence of IGF-1 or bFGF significantly enhanced the expression of the gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase-9 and focalized the fibrinolytic system activity at the cell membrane. In vitro and in vivo, both bFGF and IGF-1 showed strong chemokinetic potentials and improved the migration of human myoblasts. Moreover, the implication some proteinases in the in vivo enhanced migration was confirmed using specific inhibitors (BB94 or amiloride). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IGF-1 or bFGF coinjection with human myoblasts increased their proteolytic activities and consequently their migratory capacity. This study may help to develop approaches that will reduce the number of injection sites for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Francois Lafreniere
- Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sengupta J, Dhawan L, Ghosh D. Immunohistochemical localization of leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukins 1 and 6 at the primary implantation site in the rhesus monkey. Cytokine 2003; 24:277-85. [PMID: 14609569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst implantation and placentation involve localized inflammatory type of responses at and around the site of nidation. In the present study, the likely involvement of inflammatory cytokines, namely, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukins 1 alpha and 1 beta (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) and IL-6 at the primary implantation site of the rhesus monkey was examined immunocytochemically during lacunar (n=6) and villous (n=8) stages of gestation. Trophoblast cells and extraembryonic mesenchymal cells were immunopositive for LIF and IL-1alpha. The distribution of IL-1beta and IL-6 in trophoblast cells was low in lacunar stage samples, however, a higher degree of immunopositivity for IL-6 was observed in villous stage samples. Decidual cells were immunopositive for all the cytokines studied. In lacunar stage samples, plaque cells adjacent to implanted nidus were immunopositive for all the cytokines examined, and the degree of their immunoprecipitation increased, except that of IL-1beta, during the villous stage. Luminal and glandular epithelial cells were immunopositive for LIF, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in lacunar and in villous stage samples. LIF immunopositivity was detected in endothelial cells of blood vessels within and below chorionic plate and cytotrophoblast shell, while vascular smooth muscle cells were positive for all the cytokines studied. The temporo-spatial characteristics of LIF, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 protein expressions in primary implantation sites of the rhesus monkey suggest that these pro-inflammatory cytokines play specific roles in regulating trophoblast cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion and associated maternal tissue remodelling during early gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grimaud E, Blanchard F, Charrier C, Gouin F, Redini F, Heymann D. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (lif) is expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes and vascular sprouts during osteogenesis. Cytokine 2002; 20:224-30. [PMID: 12550107 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2002.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avascular cartilage is replaced by highly vascularized bone tissue during endochondral ossification, a process involving capillary invasion of calcified hypertrophic cartilage in association with apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes, degradation of cartilage matrix and deposition of bone matrix. All of these events are closely controlled, especially by cytokines and growth factors. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the gp130 cytokine family, is involved in osteoarticular tissue metabolism and might participate in osteogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that LIF is expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes and vascular sprouts of cartilage and bone during rat and human osteogenesis. LIF is also present in osteoblasts but not in osteoclasts. Observations in a rat endochondral ossification model were confirmed by studies of human cartilage biopsies from foetuses with osteogenesis imperfecta. LIF was never detected in adult articular chondrocytes and bone-marrow mesenchymal cells. These results and other data in the literature suggest that LIF is involved in the delicate balance between the rate of formation of calcified cartilage and its vascularization for bone development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Grimaud
- Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption Laboratory EE 99-01, College of Medicine, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pelt P, Zimmermann B, Ulbrich N, Bernimoulin JP. Effects of lipopolysaccharide extracted from Prevotella intermedia on bone formation and on the release of osteolytic mediators by fetal mouse osteoblasts in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2002; 47:859-66. [PMID: 12450517 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(02)00150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative obligate anaerobic black-pigmented oral bacterium, belongs to a small group of microorganisms that is closely associated with the initiation of periodontal diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer membrane component, is one of the main virulence factors of this bacterium. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Prev. intermedia lipopolysaccharide, extracted by the hot-phenol-water method, on differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity) and mineralisation (calcium incorporation) of fetal mouse calvarial cells in vitro and to determine the release of the important osteolytic factors nitric oxide, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinases by these cells after treatment with different concentrations of Prev. intermedia lipopolysaccharide (0.2-25 microg/ml). By gelatin zymography, we also characterized the matrix metalloproteinases released by these osteoblasts. Treatment with Prev. intermedia lipopolysaccharide dose-dependently inhibited bone formation by reducing alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium incorporation and induced the release of nitric oxide, IL-6 and the latent proforms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by fetal mouse osteoblasts in organoid culture. These results indicate that the lipopolysaccharide from Prev. intermedia not only participates in periodontal tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption, but also inhibits bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paco Pelt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Berlin D-14195, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|