1
|
Deng DX, Li CY, Zheng ZY, Wen B, Liao LD, Zhang XJ, Li EM, Xu LY. Prenylated PALM2 Promotes the Migration of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through Activating Ezrin. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100593. [PMID: 37328063 PMCID: PMC10393820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing a CAAX motif at the C-terminus undergo prenylation for localization and activity and include a series of key regulatory proteins, such as RAS superfamily members, heterotrimeric G proteins, nuclear lamina protein, and several protein kinases and phosphatases. However, studies of prenylated proteins in esophageal cancer are limited. Here, through research on large-scale proteomic data of esophageal cancer in our laboratory, we found that paralemmin-2 (PALM2), a potential prenylated protein, was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in patients. Low-throughput verification showed that the expression of PALM2 in esophageal cancer tissues was higher than that in their paired normal esophageal epithelial tissues, and it was generally expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of esophageal cancer cells. PALM2 interacted with the two subunits of farnesyl transferase (FTase), FNTA and FNTB. Either the addition of an FTase inhibitor or mutation in the CAAX motif of PALM2 (PALM2C408S) impaired its membranous localization and reduced the membrane location of PALM2, indicating PALM2 was prenylated by FTase. Overexpression of PALM2 enhanced the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, whereas PALM2C408S lost this ability. Mechanistically, PALM2 interacted with the N-terminal FERM domain of ezrin of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family. Mutagenesis indicated that lysine residues K253/K254/K262/K263 in ezrin's FERM domain and C408 in PALM2's CAAX motif were important for PALM2/ezrin interaction and ezrin activation. Knockout of ezrin prevented enhanced cancer cell migration by PALM2 overexpression. PALM2, depending on its prenylation, increased both ezrin membrane localization and phosphorylation of ezrin at Y146. In summary, prenylated PALM2 enhances the migration of cancer cells by activating ezrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Xia Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Cancer Research Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Cancer Research Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Cancer Research Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang Q, Wang X, Zhou Q, Li Q, Yang X, Xu M, Wang R, Chen J, Wu W, Wang S. Fuzheng Kang-Ai inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation via regulating hsa_circ_0048091/hsa-miR-378g/ARRDC3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154819. [PMID: 37062135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for lung cancer have their own deficiencies, such as severe adverse effect. Therefore, more safe and effective drugs are needed. PURPOSE Fuzheng Kang-Ai (FZKA for short) has been applied as an adjuvant treatment in advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients for decades in China, showing a definitive effect with minimal toxicities. However, the underlying mechanism is yet to be identified. STUDY DESIGN Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in this study to identify the exact mechanism by which FZKA inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation. METHODS MTT and CCK-8 assays were used to detect cell viability. Xenograft model was performed for in vivo experiments. CircRNA and miRNA sequencing were used to find the differentially expressed circRNAs and miRNAs, respectively. qRT-PCR was performed to check the expression levels of circRNA, miRNA and mRNA. BaseScope was carried out to observe the expression of circRNA in situ. Actinomycin D and RNase R experiments were done to show the stability of circRNA. Nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation and FISH were used to identify the localization of circRNA and miRNA. Pull-down, RIP, and luciferase activity assays were performed to show the biding ability of circRNA, miRNA and target proteins. Flow cytometry was done to observe cell apoptosis. Western blot and IHC were done to detect the protein expression. TCGA database was used to analyze the survival rate. RESULTS FZKA inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Hsa_circ_0048091 and hsa-miR-378g were the most differentially expressed circRNA and miRNA, respectively, after FZKA treatment. Silencing hsa_circ_0048091 and overexpressing hsa-miR-378g promoted cell proliferation and reversed the inhibition effect of FZKA on NSCLC, respectively. Hsa-miR-378g was sponged by hsa_circ_0048091, and the overexpression of miR-378g reversed the inhibition effect of hsa_ circ_0048091 on NSCLC. ARRDC3, as a target of hsa-miR-378g, was increased by FZKA treatment. Silencing ARRDC3 reversed both the inhibition effect of FZKA and miR-378g inhibitor on NSCLC. CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, has established the function of hsa_circ_0048091, hsa- miR-378g, and ARRDC3 in lung cancer. It also shows that FZKA inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation through hsa_circ_0048091/hsa-miR-378g/ARRDC3 pathway, uncovering a novel mechanism by which FZKA controls human NSCLC cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xi Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qichun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jixin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wanyin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arstikaitis P, Gauthier-Campbell C, Carolina Gutierrez Herrera R, Huang K, Levinson JN, Murphy TH, Kilimann MW, Sala C, Colicos MA, El-Husseini A. Paralemmin-1, a modulator of filopodia induction is required for spine maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2026-38. [PMID: 18287537 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic filopodia are thought to participate in neuronal contact formation and development of dendritic spines; however, molecules that regulate filopodia extension and their maturation to spines remain largely unknown. Here we identify paralemmin-1 as a regulator of filopodia induction and spine maturation. Paralemmin-1 localizes to dendritic membranes, and its ability to induce filopodia and recruit synaptic elements to contact sites requires protein acylation. Effects of paralemmin-1 on synapse maturation are modulated by alternative splicing that regulates spine formation and recruitment of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Paralemmin-1 enrichment at the plasma membrane is subject to rapid changes in neuronal excitability, and this process controls neuronal activity-driven effects on protrusion expansion. Knockdown of paralemmin-1 in developing neurons reduces the number of filopodia and spines formed and diminishes the effects of Shank1b on the transformation of existing filopodia into spines. Our study identifies a key role for paralemmin-1 in spine maturation through modulation of filopodia induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Arstikaitis
- Department of Psychiatry and the Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basile M, Lin R, Kabbani N, Karpa K, Kilimann M, Simpson I, Kester M. Paralemmin interacts with D3 dopamine receptors: implications for membrane localization and cAMP signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 446:60-8. [PMID: 16386234 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Paralemmin is a novel lipid-anchored protein, which is highly expressed in neuronal plasma membranes. In this study, we demonstrate that paralemmin specifically interacts with the third intracellular loop of the D3 dopamine receptor. Utilizing co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown strategies, we demonstrate that paralemmin interacts exclusively with D3, but not D2 or D4 dopamine receptors or beta-adrenergic receptors. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated co-localization of paralemmin and D3 receptor in vivo in hippocampus and cerebellum and in vitro in glial and neuronal cultures. Deletion mutational analysis indicates that amino acids 154-230 of paralemmin strongly interacted with amino acids 211-227 and 281-330 of the third intracellular loop of D3 receptor. The consequences of these interactions were investigated by co-expression in HEK293 cells. Cell surface biotinylation experiments demonstrate that paralemmin decreased D3 receptor concentration at the plasma membrane. Consistent with this observation, paralemmin expression decreased dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. However, paralemmin also decreased basal, isoproterenol and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting a more general cellular function for paralemmin. Taken together, paralemmin has been implicated as a potent modulator of cellular cAMP signaling within the brain.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Amino Acids/chemistry
- Amino Acids/metabolism
- Animals
- Biotinylation
- Brain/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/genetics
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neuroglia/cytology
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Basile
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Li K, Cheng J, Lu YY, Zhang J, Hong TYCY, Liu Y, Wang G, Zhong YW. Screening of gene encoding of hepatic proteins interacting with Hcbp6 via yeast two hybridization. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:385-388. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To seek for hepatic proteins that interacted with protein encoded by Hcbp6 for exploring the biological function of Hcbp6.
METHODS Hcbp6 gene was introduced into pGBKT7, and then transformed into yeast AH109, which was mated with yeast Y187 (αtype) containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-α-gal. Plasmids were extracted from positive colonies, and sequence analysis was performed by bioinformatics.
RESULTS Four kind of proteins including paralemmin, Ran binding protein 2, transmembrane transporting protein and albumin were identified to interact with Hcbp6 specifically.
CONCLUSION Hcbp6 proteins may belong to or be associated with formation of secretary proteins, more study needs to be done for clarifying its biological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Li
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andreu N, Escarceller M, Feather S, Devriendt K, Wolf AS, Estivill X, Sumoy L. PALML, a novel paralemmin-related gene mapping on human chromosome 1p21. Gene 2001; 278:33-40. [PMID: 11707320 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe PALML, a novel gene encoding a 551 amino acid protein with similarity to paralemmin and the paralemmin-like amino terminal domain of AKAP2, a protein kinase A anchor protein. PALML mRNA is expressed in many tissues and is most abundant in cardiac and skeletal muscle, while absent from brain and blood. Exogenously expressed PALML fusion protein has a widespread cytoplasmic localization, and it is excluded from the nucleus. Human PALML maps on human chromosome 1p21 (between D1S2767 and D1S223). SSCP-HD analysis of exonic sequences in patients with VUR (familial non-syndromic vesicoureteral reflux syndrome) excluded mutations in the PALML gene from causing this disease. PALML, paralemmin and AKAP2 share the presence of a conserved coiled coil region that may mediate protein interactions with shared partners. Based on its resemblance to paralemmin and AKAP2, PALML is hypothesized to be involved in regulating intracellular signaling and membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- COS Cells
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Andreu
- Institut de Recerca Oncològica-IRO, Departament de Genètica Molecular, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Av. Gran Via s/n km 2,7, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu B, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Kilimann MW. The paralemmin protein family: identification of paralemmin-2, an isoform differentially spliced to AKAP2/AKAP-KL, and of palmdelphin, a more distant cytosolic relative. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:1369-76. [PMID: 11478809 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paralemmin is a protein implicated in plasma membrane dynamics. Here we describe the identification of two new paralemmin-related proteins. A partial paralemmin homolog, palmdelphin, is predominantly cytosolic, unlike paralemmin which is lipid-anchored to the plasma membrane through a C-terminal CaaX motif. We have mapped the mouse palmdelphin gene to distal chromosome 3 between Amy2 and Abcd3, in a region homologous to human chromosome 1p22-p21 where the human palmdelphin gene is located. We have also identified a second paralemmin isoform, paralemmin-2. It is expressed from a gene on human chromosome 9q31-q33 which ends only 33 kb upstream of the gene encoding the protein kinase A-binding protein,AKAP2/AKAP-KL. The closely adjacent paralemmin-2 and AKAP2 genes are functionally linked in a very unusual manner. Chimeric mRNAs are expressed, apparently by RNA readthrough and differential splicing, that encode natural fusion proteins in which either the N-terminal coiled-coil region or nearly the complete sequence of paralemmin-2 except its C-terminal CaaX motif is fused to AKAP2/AKAP-KL. The N-terminal coiled-coil region is conserved in paralemmin-1, paralemmin-2/AKAP2, palmdelphin and a fourth, uncharacterized gene, suggesting that it is a modular functional domain.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- A Kinase Anchor Proteins
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Chickens
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cytosol/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Organ Specificity
- Phosphoproteins
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Terminology as Topic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hu
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neilan EG, Barsh GS. Gene trap insertional mutagenesis in mice: new vectors and germ line mutations in two novel genes. Transgenic Res 2000; 8:451-8. [PMID: 10767988 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008928925142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insertional mutagenesis based on gene trap vectors that capture endogenous splice sites is a promising tool for functional genomics. Several groups have proposed large-scale gene trap screens, but questions remain as to the type of vectors and their design. We report a set of plasmid-encoded gene trap vectors and the disruption of two novel genes. Our results include a comparison of the relative gene trapping efficiencies of two different splice acceptor sequences in ES cells and an analysis of the structure of several gene trap insertions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E G Neilan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kutzleb C, Sanders G, Yamamoto R, Wang X, Lichte B, Petrasch-Parwez E, Kilimann MW. Paralemmin, a prenyl-palmitoyl-anchored phosphoprotein abundant in neurons and implicated in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1998; 143:795-813. [PMID: 9813098 PMCID: PMC2148134 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.143.3.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification and initial characterization of paralemmin, a putative new morphoregulatory protein associated with the plasma membrane. Paralemmin is highly expressed in the brain but also less abundantly in many other tissues and cell types. cDNAs from chicken, human, and mouse predict acidic proteins of 42 kD that display a pattern of sequence cassettes with high inter-species conservation separated by poorly conserved linker sequences. Prenylation and palmitoylation of a COOH-terminal cluster of three cysteine residues confers hydrophobicity and membrane association to paralemmin. Paralemmin is also phosphorylated, and its mRNA is differentially spliced in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated manner. Differential splicing, lipidation, and phosphorylation contribute to electrophoretic heterogeneity that results in an array of multiple bands on Western blots, most notably in brain. Paralemmin is associated with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membranes of postsynaptic specializations, axonal and dendritic processes and perikarya, and also appears to be associated with an intracellular vesicle pool. It does not line the neuronal plasmalemma continuously but in clusters and patches. Its molecular and morphological properties are reminiscent of GAP-43, CAP-23, and MARCKS, proteins implicated in plasma membrane dynamics. Overexpression in several cell lines shows that paralemmin concentrates at sites of plasma membrane activity such as filopodia and microspikes, and induces cell expansion and process formation. The lipidation motif is essential for this morphogenic activity. We propose a function for paralemmin in the control of cell shape, e.g., through an involvement in membrane flow or in membrane-cytoskeleton interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kutzleb
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|