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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Kalaiarasi G, Dharani S, Rajkumar SRJ, Kaminsky W, Prabhakaran R. Synthesis, spectroscopic/electrochemical characterization, DNA/Protein binding studies and bioactivity assays of Ru(II) carbonyl complexes of 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Synthesis, spectral characterization, DNA/BSA binding, antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxicity of cobalt(III) complexes containing 7-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene Schiff bases. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kalaiarasi G, Dharani S, Rajkumar SRJ, Lynch VM, Prabhakaran R. Binuclear Ni(II) complexes containing ONS donor Schiff base ligands: Preparation, spectral characterization, X-ray crystallography and biological exploration. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 211:111176. [PMID: 32730983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Four binuclear Ni(II) complexes [[Ni2(H-DEAsal-tsc)2(μ-dppm)]·2Cl (1), [Ni2(DEAsal-mtsc)2(μ-dppm)] (2), [Ni2(DEAsal-etsc)2(μ-dppm)] (3) and [Ni2(DEAsal-ptsc)2(μ-dppm)] (4)] were synthesized from the ligands namely 4(N,N)-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-thiosemicarbazone [H2-DEAsal-tsc] H2L1/4(N,N)-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-methyl thiosemicarbazone [H2-DEAsal-mtsc] H2L2/4(N,N)-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-ethyl thiosemicarbazone [H2-DEAsal-etsc] H2L3/4(N,N)diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-phenyl thiosemicarbazone [H2-DEAsal-ptsc] H2L4 and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) and characterized by a number of spectro analytical techniques. The molecular structure of complexes [Ni2(H-DEAsal-tsc)2(μ-dppm)]·2Cl (1) and [Ni2(DEAsal-ptsc)2(μ-dppm)] (4) have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The analysis indicated that in complex 1, the ligand [H2-DEAsal-tsc] coordinated as monobasic tridentate donor through phenolic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thione sulfur atoms. However, in complex 4, the ligand [H2-DEAsal-ptsc] behaved as dibasic tridentate donor with thiolate sulfur coordination. Their ability to bind with Calf Thymus Deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were analysed spectrometrically. Intercalative interaction of the complexes with DNA was confirmed by ethidium bromide (EB) displacement studies and DNA viscosity measurements. The interaction mechanism of the complexes with BSA was found as static. In vitro antiproliferative studies of the ligands and complexes in A549 (human lung carcinoma cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell lines witnessed significant cytotoxic nature of the complexes with low IC50 values (in μM) than the standard metallo-drug cisplatin. Further, the results of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Nitric oxide (NO) release assays supported the effectiveness of the complexes on the above said cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kalaiarasi
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - S Dharani
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - S Rex Jeya Rajkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur 522 213, India
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - R Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
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Pereira PMR, Edwards KJ, Mandleywala K, Carter LM, Escorcia FE, Campesato LF, Cornejo M, Abma L, Mohsen AA, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Merghoub T, Lewis JS. iNOS Regulates the Therapeutic Response of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1681-1692. [PMID: 32086240 PMCID: PMC7165066 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly resistant to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities, and surgery remains the only curative intervention for localized disease. Although cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are abundant in PDAC tumors, the effects of radiotherapy on CAFs and the response of PDAC cells to radiotherapy are unknown. Using patient samples and orthotopic PDAC biological models, we showed that radiotherapy increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the tumor tissues. Mechanistic in vitro studies showed that, although undetectable in radiotherapy-activated tumor cells, iNOS expression and nitric oxide (NO) secretion were significantly increased in CAFs secretome following radiotherapy. Culture of PDAC cells with conditioned media from radiotherapy-activated CAFs increased iNOS/NO signaling in tumor cells through NF-κB, which, in turn, elevated the release of inflammatory cytokines by the tumor cells. Increased NO after radiotherapy in PDAC contributed to an acidic microenvironment that was detectable using the radiolabeled pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP). In murine orthotopic PDAC models, pancreatic tumor growth was delayed when iNOS inhibition was combined with radiotherapy. These data show the important role that iNOS/NO signaling plays in the effectiveness of radiotherapy to treat PDAC tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: A radiolabeled pH-targeted peptide can be used as a PET imaging tool to assess therapy response within PDAC and blocking iNOS/NO signaling may improve radiotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M R Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Komal Mandleywala
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Freddy E Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luis Felipe Campesato
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mike Cornejo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lolkje Abma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Abu-Akeel Mohsen
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- The David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Hung WC, Wu TF, Ng SC, Lee YC, Shen HP, Yang SF, Wang PH. Involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants in the aggressiveness of uterine cervical cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:2594-2600. [PMID: 31258766 PMCID: PMC6584934 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, few studies explore the involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene variants in uterine cervical cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the clinical implication of eNOS in cervical carcinogenesis, clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. One hundred and seventeen patients with cervical invasive cancer and 95 with preinvasive lesions and 330 control women were consecutively enrolled. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the genotypic distributions of eNOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1799983 (894G>T) at the exon 7 region and rs2070744 (-786T>C) at the promoter region. Our results indicated no significant associations among genotypic distributions of eNOS SNPs and patients with cervical invasive cancer and those with preinvasive lesions as well as normal controls. However, cervical cancer patients with genotypes TC/CC in eNOS SNP rs2070744 carried less risk of advanced stage [odds ratios (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09-0.97, p=0.036], parametrium invasion (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.02-0.75, p=0.009) and pelvic lymph node metastasis (OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.01-0.89, p=0.016). In conclusion, although eNOS SNPs rs2070744 and rs1799983 do not display significant associations with cervical carcinogenesis and patient survival, cervical cancer patients with genotypes TC/CC in rs2070744 carry less risk of advanced stage, parametrium invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Soo-Cheen Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Radiation Oncology Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Pin Shen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tavares Murta BM, Cunha FDQ, Miranda R, Adad SJ, Murta EFC. Differential Tumor Microenvironment in Human Ovarian Cystic Tumors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 90:491-7. [PMID: 15656335 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Cells and soluble mediators obtained from tumor effusions are useful in evaluating the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to examine cytologically and to quantify the leukocyte infiltrate, nitric oxide, cytokines and tumor markers in the intracystic fluid from patients with a cystic adnexal mass, for a possible differentiation between benign and malignant findings. Methods and Study Design Sixty-six women who had their cystic fluids collected were prospectively divided into benign tumor (22, 33.3%), malignant tumor (10, 15.2%) or other gynecological alterations (34, 51.5%). Cytology, total and differential leukocyte counts were determined by light microscopy. Tumor markers, cytokines and nitric oxide were assayed in the supernatants using the Immutile system, ELISA and Griess reaction, respectively. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the cytological analysis was 66.7% and 97.7%, respectively. The levels of CA 19.9, CA 15.3, α-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, progesterone and β-HCG were significantly higher in the benign and/or malignant group than in the other gynecological alterations. Also, the local concentrations of CA 15.3 and β-HCG were significantly higher in malignant than in benign tumors. In malignant tumors, increased leukocyte counts and higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and nitric oxide were detected than in benign tumors or other gynecological alterations. Conclusions In malignant tumors, the microenvironment could be differentiated from benign tumors or other gynecological alterations by cystic fluid analysis.
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Razaghi A, Villacrés C, Jung V, Mashkour N, Butler M, Owens L, Heimann K. Improved therapeutic efficacy of mammalian expressed-recombinant interferon gamma against ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:20-29. [PMID: 28803068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human interferon gamma (hIFNγ) affects tumour cells and modulates immune responses, showing promise as an anti-cancer biotherapeutic. This study investigated the effect of glycosylation and expression system of recombinant hIFNγ in ovarian carcinoma cell lines, PEO1 and SKOV3. The efficacy of E. coli- and mammalian-expressed hIFNγ (hIFNγ-CHO and HEK293, glycosylated/de-glycosylated) on cytostasis, cell death (MTT, and Guava-ViaCount® flow-cytometry) and apoptotic signalling (Western blot of Cdk2, histone H3, procaspase-3, FADD, cleaved PARP, and caspase-3) was examined. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography determined the structure of N-linked glycans present in HEK293-expressed hIFNγ (hIFNγ-HEK). PEO1 was more sensitive to hIFNγ than SKOV3, but responses were dose-dependent and expression platform/glycosylation status-independent, whereas SKOV3 responded to mammalian-expressed hIFNγ in a dose-independent manner, only. Complex-type oligosaccharides dominated the N-glycosylation pattern of hIFNγ-HEK with some terminal sialylation and core fucosylation. Cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 were not detected in either cell line, but FADD was expressed in SKOV3 with levels increased following treatment. In conclusion, hIFNγ did not induce apoptosis in either cell line. Mammalian- expressed hIFNγ increased cell death in the drug-resistant SKOV3. The presence of FADD in SKOV3, which may inhibit apoptosis through activation of NF-κB, could serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razaghi
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Carina Villacrés
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Vincent Jung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Narges Mashkour
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Leigh Owens
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
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El-Sehemy A, Postovit LM, Fu Y. Nitric oxide signaling in human ovarian cancer: A potential therapeutic target. Nitric Oxide 2016; 54:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Caneba CA, Yang L, Baddour J, Curtis R, Win J, Hartig S, Marini J, Nagrath D. Nitric oxide is a positive regulator of the Warburg effect in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1302. [PMID: 24967964 PMCID: PMC4611736 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is among the most lethal gynecological cancers leading to high mortality rates among women. Increasing evidence indicate that cancer cells undergo metabolic transformation during tumorigenesis and growth through nutrients and growth factors available in tumor microenvironment. This altered metabolic rewiring further enhances tumor progression. Recent studies have begun to unravel the role of amino acids in the tumor microenvironment on the proliferation of cancer cells. One critically important, yet often overlooked, component to tumor growth is the metabolic reprogramming of nitric oxide (NO) pathways in cancer cells. Multiple lines of evidence support the link between NO and tumor growth in some cancers, including pancreas, breast and ovarian. However, the multifaceted role of NO in the metabolism of OVCA is unclear and direct demonstration of NO's role in modulating OVCA cells' metabolism is lacking. This study aims at indentifying the mechanistic links between NO and OVCA metabolism. We uncover a role of NO in modulating OVCA metabolism: NO positively regulates the Warburg effect, which postulates increased glycolysis along with reduced mitochondrial activity under aerobic conditions in cancer cells. Through both NO synthesis inhibition (using L-arginine deprivation, arginine is a substrate for NO synthase (NOS), which catalyzes NO synthesis; using L-Name, a NOS inhibitor) and NO donor (using DETA-NONOate) analysis, we show that NO not only positively regulates tumor growth but also inhibits mitochondrial respiration in OVCA cells, shifting these cells towards glycolysis to maintain their ATP production. Additionally, NO led to an increase in TCA cycle flux and glutaminolysis, suggesting that NO decreases ROS levels by increasing NADPH and glutathione levels. Our results place NO as a central player in the metabolism of OVCA cells. Understanding the effects of NO on cancer cell metabolism can lead to the development of NO targeting drugs for OVCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Caneba
- 1] Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Yang
- 1] Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Baddour
- 1] Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Curtis
- 1] Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Win
- 1] Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Hartig
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Marini
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Nagrath
- 1] Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA [3] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Yuan Y, Duff ML, Sammons DL, Wu S. Retrospective chart review of skin cancer presence in the wide excisions. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:52-56. [PMID: 24653985 PMCID: PMC3955800 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate cancer cell absence or presence in wide excision after biopsy of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients.
METHODS: 200 patients (100 BCC and 100 SCC) from the same dermatology clinic, who had positive margin upon biopsy, were selected from a computer generated randomized report. All selected patients had wide excision following biopsy. To determine the correlation of gender, age distribution and cancer absence, BCC and SCC cases were separated based on excision-cancer absent or present after wide excision. χ2 tests, Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the ratio of male to female between excision-cancer absent and excision-cancer present patients, while Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the age distribution in the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0 for Windows.
RESULTS: Our retrospective chart review of the patients showed that cancer cells were absent in 49% of BCC patients (n = 100) and 64% of SCC patients (n = 100) who had previously had positive margins upon biopsy. Gender analysis showed the ratio of male to female (M/F) in the BCC arm was significantly higher compared with the SCC arm in those with excision-cancer absent (2.06 vs 0.66; P = 0.004; χ2 test). But M/F of excision-cancer absent and excision-cancer present in neither BCC nor SCC patients was statistically significant. Age adjustment showed no significant difference between excision-cancer absent and excision-cancer present in BCC and SCC patients. Nevertheless, in excision-cancer absent cases, the age distribution showed that the BCC patients were younger than SCC patients (average age 67 vs 74; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U test). In addition, our data also indicated that in the patient group of 71-80 years old, there were more SCC patients who showed excision-cancer absence (67.6% vs 39.4%; P = 0.02; χ2 test).
CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that approximately 50% or more of BCC and SCC patients with positive margins found on biopsies did not have cancer cells present at the time of wide excisions.
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Hoffmann G. Increased GTP cyclohydrolase activity promotes tumor growth. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:1968. [PMID: 23011839 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lv H, Zhang H, Wu J, Guan Y. Effect of plasmid-mediated stable interferon-γ expression on proliferation and cell death in the SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cell line. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:498-503. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.543685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Unal B, Kocer B, Altun B, Surmeli S, Aksaray S, Balci M, Ozlu B, Cengiz O. Serum Neopterin as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients with Gastric Carcinoma. J INVEST SURG 2009; 22:419-25. [DOI: 10.3109/08941930903410783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Engels K, Knauer SK, Loibl S, Fetz V, Harter P, Schweitzer A, Fisseler-Eckhoff A, Kommoss F, Hanker L, Nekljudova V, Hermanns I, Kleinert H, Mann W, du Bois A, Stauber RH. NO Signaling Confers Cytoprotectivity through the Survivin Network in Ovarian Carcinomas. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5159-66. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leung EL, Fraser M, Fiscus RR, Tsang BK. Cisplatin alters nitric oxide synthase levels in human ovarian cancer cells: involvement in p53 regulation and cisplatin resistance. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1803-9. [PMID: 18506185 PMCID: PMC2410127 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study determines if (1) basal protein levels of nitric oxide (NO) synthases (eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS) are different in cisplatin-sensitive (OV2008) and counterpart cisplatin-resistant (C13*) human ovarian cancer cells, (2) cisplatin alters NOS levels, (3) NO donor causes apoptosis and p53 upregulation, (4) NO donor sensitises C13* cells to cisplatin via p53 upregulation (determined by p53 siRNA gene-knockdown), and (5) inhibition of endogenous NOS alters cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Basal iNOS levels were higher in OV2008 cells than in C13* cells. Cisplatin upregulated iNOS, but dramatically reduced eNOS and nNOS, in OV2008 cells only. Failure of cisplatin to upregulate iNOS and downregulate eNOS/nNOS in cisplatin-resistant C13* cells may be an aetiological factor in the development of resistance. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) increased p53 protein levels and induced apoptosis in both cell types, and enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in C13* cells in a p53-dependent manner (i.e., enhancement blocked by p53 siRNA). Specific iNOS inhibitor 1400W partially blocked cisplatin-induced apoptosis in OV2008 cells. In cisplatin-resistant C13* cells, blocking all NOSs with NG-amino-L-arginine dramatically changed these cells from cisplatin-resistant to cisplatin-sensitive, greatly potentiating cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The data suggest important roles for the three NOSs in regulating chemoresistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Leung
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Bratasz A, Selvendiran K, Wasowicz T, Bobko A, Khramtsov VV, Ignarro LJ, Kuppusamy P. NCX-4040, a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, sensitizes drug-resistant human ovarian xenograft tumors to cisplatin by depletion of cellular thiols. J Transl Med 2008; 6:9. [PMID: 18302761 PMCID: PMC2267444 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers in the world. The high mortality rate is associated with lack of early diagnosis and development of drug resistance. The antitumor efficacy and mechanism of NCX-4040, a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin derivative, against ovarian cancer is studied. Methods NCX-4040, alone or in combination with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, cDDP), was studied in cisplatin-sensitive (A2780 WT) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780 cDDP) cell lines as well as xenograft tumors grown in nude mice. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used for measurements of nitric oxide and redox state. Immunoblotting analysis of A2780 cDDP tumor xenografts from mice was used for mechanistic studies. Results Cells treated with NCX-4040 (25 μM) showed a significant reduction of cell viability (A2780 WT, 34.9 ± 8.7%; A2780 cDDP, 41.7 ± 7.6%; p < 0.05). Further, NCX-4040 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of A2780 cDDP cells (cisplatin alone, 80.6 ± 11.8% versus NCX-4040+cisplatin, 26.4 ± 7.6%; p < 0.01) and xenograft tumors (cisplatin alone, 74.0 ± 4.4% versus NCX-4040+cisplatin, 56.4 ± 7.8%; p < 0.05), to cisplatin treatment. EPR imaging of tissue redox and thiol measurements showed a 5.5-fold reduction (p < 0.01) of glutathione in NCX-4040-treated A2780 cDDP tumors when compared to untreated controls. Immunoblotting analysis of A2780 cDDP tumor xenografts from mice treated with NCX-4040 and cisplatin revealed significant downregulation of pEGFR (Tyr845 and Tyr992) and pSTAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) expression. Conclusion The results suggested that NCX-4040 could resensitize drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin possibly by depletion of cellular thiols. Thus NCX-4040 appears to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of human ovarian carcinoma and cisplatin-resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bratasz
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Selvendiran K, Bratasz A, Tong L, Ignarro LJ, Kuppusamy P. NCX-4016, a nitro-derivative of aspirin, inhibits EGFR and STAT3 signaling and modulates Bcl-2 proteins in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells and xenografts. Cell Cycle 2007; 7:81-8. [PMID: 18196976 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.1.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the inhibitory effect of NCX-4016, a nitro derivative of aspirin, on the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells, in vitro (Bratasz et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:3914-9). In this report we present the results of our study on the mechanistic aspects of drug action including the molecular and signaling pathways involved in an in vitro cell line, as well as in a murine tumor xenograft. We report, for the first time, that NCX-4016 significantly inhibited the growth of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer xenografts in mice. We observed that the inhibitory effect of NCX-4016 on cell proliferation was associated with G(1) phase cell cycle arrest with increased activity of p53, p21 and p27 proteins. NCX-4016 modulated the Bcl-2 family of proteins, and induced apoptosis by activating Bax and cytochrome c release in a time-dependent manner. In addition, NCX-4016 selectively down-regulated the phosphorylated forms of EGFR (Tyr845, Tyr992), pAkt (Ser473, Thr305), and STAT3 (Tyr705, Ser727), in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the results clearly suggested that NCX-4016 causes significant induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells via down-regulation of EGFR/PI3K/STAT3 signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. Thus, NCX-4016 appears to be a potential therapeutic agent for treating recurrent human ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Choi K, Lee J, Choi C. Divergent effect of proteasome inhibition on interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling in human astroglial cells. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4691-6. [PMID: 17854800 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Impaired functioning of the proteasome pathway is one of the molecular mechanism underlying neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we report that dysfunction of the proteasome pathway in astroglial cells leads to decreased survival and dysregulation of chemokines by differential regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. We further demonstrated that proteasome inhibition augmented interleukin-1 beta- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of the IkappaBalpha kinase and MKK4/JNK/c-Jun pathway along with TAK1 activation. These results suggest that impaired function of the proteasome pathway may potentiate the immuno-pathologic role of secondarily activated astrocytes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsun Choi
- Laboratory of Computational Cell Biology, Department of Brain and Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Tavares-Murta BM, de Resende AD, Cunha FQ, Murta EFC. Local profile of cytokines and nitric oxide in patients with bacterial vaginosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 138:93-9. [PMID: 17683845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the local immune response in patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), as assessed by cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. STUDY DESIGN Patients attending for routine gynaecological examination were prospectively enrolled in groups: BV (n=25) diagnosed by clinical criteria, CIN graded I to III (n=35, 6 CIN I, 8 CIN II and 21 CIN III) by histological analysis, and controls (n=15) without clinical and cytological findings. Randomly selected patients within CIN group at grades II or III (n=15) were re-evaluated at 60 days after surgical treatment. Endocervical (EC) and vaginal secretion samples were collected by cytobrush and the levels of cytokines (ELISA) and NO metabolite (Griess reaction) were assayed. RESULTS NO was assessed in all subjects, and cytokines in all controls, 15 BV and 30 CIN patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and nitrite levels were higher in EC than in vaginal secretions in BV and CIN groups. In CIN group, IL-8, IL-10 and nitrite concentrations were greater in EC and/or vaginal secretions than in BV or controls. Surgical treatment reduced IL-8 levels in EC and vaginal secretions. CONCLUSION A similar local immune profile was found in BV and CIN groups. The increased local production of IL-8, IL-10 and NO in CIN suggests a role for these mediators in the immune response against tumour or tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Tavares-Murta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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Discussion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lechner M, Lirk P, Rieder J. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in tumor biology: the two sides of the same coin. Semin Cancer Biol 2005; 15:277-89. [PMID: 15914026 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of three key enzymes generating nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid l-arginine. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in numerous physiological (e.g. blood pressure regulation, wound repair and host defence mechanisms) and pathophysiological (inflammation, infection, neoplastic diseases, liver cirrhosis, diabetes) conditions. iNOS is the synthase isoform most commonly associated with malignant disease. Nevertheless, the role of iNOS during tumor development is highly complex, and incompletely understood. Both promoting and deterring actions have been described, presumably depending upon the local concentration of iNOS within the tumor microenvironment. In particular, pivotal effects such as malingnant transformation, angiogenesis, and metastasis are modulated by iNOS. On the other hand, NO derived from macrophages has a potentially cytotoxic/cytostatic effect upon tumor cells. Hence, therapeutical interference with iNOS activity is of considerable interest, especially in tumors where metastatic activity, host defence mechanisms and the level of differentiation seem to be correlated to iNOS expression. This review will aim to summarize the dual actions of iNOS as simultaneous tumor promoter and suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lechner
- Clinical Division of General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Marth C, Fiegl H, Zeimet AG, Müller-Holzner E, Deibl M, Doppler W, Daxenbichler G. Interferon-gamma expression is an independent prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1598-605. [PMID: 15547530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer prognosis is improved by the presence of intratumoral CD3 + T cells, which are known to produce interferon-gamma. We therefore speculated that interferon-gamma expression in ovarian cancer-infiltrating T-lymphocytes might cause better prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of interferon-gamma and other related genes in normal ovaries (n = 19) and in ovarian cancer specimens (n = 99). Median follow-up of patients was 5.8 years. RESULTS Interferon-gamma and CD-3 expression did not significantly differ in normal and malignant tissue. Patients with high levels of interferon-gamma expression had significantly longer progression-free and overall survival. Median time to progression was 10 and 29 months for patients with low and high interferon-gamma expression, respectively ( P = .039). Corresponding survival times were 29 and 44 months ( P < .032). Application of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed interferon-gamma expression to be an independent prognostic factor for progression-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION Elevated interferon-gamma expression correlates with improved clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Raspollini MR, Amunni G, Villanucci A, Boddi V, Baroni G, Taddei A, Taddei GL. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in ovarian cancer: correlation with clinical outcome. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 92:806-12. [PMID: 14984945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) play a critical role in cancer development. We investigated iNOS and COX-2 expression in relation to clinical outcome in 78 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III ovarian serous carcinoma with a low grade of differentiation (G3). METHODS Disease-free interval and cause-specific survival rates (Kaplan-Meier method) were compared using the log rank test. A multivariate analysis (Cox-proportional hazards models) was used to determine the independent effect of each variable on prognosis. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the distribution of iNOS and COX-2 expression according to clinical complete response to chemotherapy and to the presence of a brief disease-free interval (< or =12 months). RESULTS Overall 60 and 125 months cause-specific survival rates were 32% and 11%, respectively. In univariate analysis, iNOS (P=0.005 and P=0.003, respectively), COX-2 (P=0.002 and P=0.007, respectively), residual disease after surgery (P=0.017 and P=0.032, respectively), and FIGO stage (P=0.008 and P=0.025, respectively) were associated with survival and a disease-free interval. In multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards models), the factors that were found to be significantly independent predictors of disease relapse as well as survival were iNOS (P=0.014 and P=0.001, respectively), COX-2 expression (P=0.007 and P=0.029, respectively), and FIGO stage (P=0.026 and P=0.05, respectively). iNOS and COX-2 expressions were correlated with a brief disease-free interval (P=0.001) and clinical complete response to first-line chemotherapy (P=0.038 and P=0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of iNOS and COX-2 expression may give additional prognostic information concerning the clinical outcome of patients with ovarian carcinoma and may encourage them to select more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Raspollini
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Puhakka A, Kinnula V, Näpänkangas U, Säily M, Koistinen P, Pääkkö P, Soini Y. High expression of nitric oxide synthases is a favorable prognostic sign in non-small cell lung carcinoma. APMIS 2003; 111:1137-46. [PMID: 14678024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2003.apm1111210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical expression of neuronal (n), endothelial (e), and inducible (i) NOS and their association with the type, grade, apoptotic index, proliferation of tumors and the survival of patients were investigated in 89 biopsies of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In tumor cells, expression of iNOS was detected in 35/89 (40%) cases, while 79/89 (89%) and 72/89 (81%) cases showed weak to intense positivity for eNOS and nNOS, respectively. Strong eNOS staining was seen significantly more often in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cells carcinomas (p=0.016), and iNOS immunoreactivity was seen more often in grade I-II tumors than in grade III tumors (p=0.024). There was no significant difference between the low and high apoptotic indexes or between the low and high proliferation rates of tumors in any instance of NOS staining. The patients with tumors showing high nNOS expression tended to have better survival than the others (p=0.06, log-rank; p=0.04, Bresow; p=0.048, Tarone-Ware). Similarly, the patients with tumors showing high expression of iNOS, eNOS and nNOS, as determined by a combined sum index, had a better survival than those with a low sum index for these enzymes (p<0.05). The results show intense expression of eNOS and nNOS, and moderate expression of iNOS in tumor cells of non-small cell carcinoma. Intense NOSs expression seems to be a favorable prognostic sign in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Puhakka
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Melichar B, Hu W, Patenia R, Melicharová K, Gallardo ST, Freedman R. rIFN-gamma-mediated growth suppression of platinum-sensitive and -resistant ovarian tumor cell lines not dependent upon arginase inhibition. J Transl Med 2003; 1:5. [PMID: 14572312 PMCID: PMC222988 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arginine metabolism in tumor cell lines can be influenced by various cytokines, including recombinant human interferon-γ (rIFN-γ), a cytokine that shows promising clinical activity in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods We examined EOC cell lines for the expression of arginase in an enzymatic assay and for transcripts of arginase I and II, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effects of rIFN-γ on arginase activity and on tumor cell growth inhibition were determined by measuring [3H]thymidine uptake. Results Elevated arginase activity was detected in 5 of 8 tumor cell lines, and analysis at the transcriptional level showed that arginase II was involved but arginase I was not. rIFN-γ reduced arginase activity in 3 EOC cell lines but increased activity in the 2008 cell line and its platinum-resistant subline, 2008.C13. iNOS transcripts were not detected in rIFN-γ-treated or untreated cell lines. In contrast, IDO activity was induced or increased by rIFN-γ. Suppression of arginase activity by rIFN-γ in certain cell lines suggested that such inhibition might contribute to its antiproliferative effects. However, supplementation of the medium with polyamine pathway products did not interfere with the growth-inhibitory effects of rIFN-γ EOC cells. Conclusions Increased arginase activity, specifically identified with arginase II, is present in most of the tested EOC cell lines. rIFN-γ inhibits or stimulates arginase activity in certain EOC cell lines, though the decrease in arginase activity does not appear to be associated with the in vitro antiproliferative activity of rIFN-γ. Since cells within the stroma of EOC tissues could also contribute to arginine metabolism following treatment with rIFN-γ or rIFN-γ-inducers, it would be helpful to examine these effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University Medical School, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Patenia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Karolina Melicharová
- Department of Gerontology and Metabolic Care, Charles University Medical School, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stacie T Gallardo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Ralph Freedman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
- Program in Immunology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, U.S.A
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Rieder J, Lirk P, Hoffmann G. Neopterin as a potential modulator of tumor cell growth and proliferation. Med Hypotheses 2003; 60:531-4. [PMID: 12615515 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present article proposes tumor-promoting biochemical effects of the immunologically active pteridine-compound neopterin. Based on previous findings of interactions between neopterin and the cellular redox state, two major pathways of tumor progression are presented: (1) the inhibition of nitric oxide-induced apoptotic death of tumor cells via suppression of nitric oxide synthesis in the presence of neopterin; (2) the stimulatory effects of neopterin on the production and release of angiogenic growth factors. High serum neopterin concentrations are a common finding in tumor patients and correlate well with the fatal outcome of the disease. Affection of tumor tissue growth as well as formation of metastases by neopterin may provide an explanation for these clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Rieder
- University Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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