1
|
Eggertsen TG, Saucerman JJ. Virtual drug screen reveals context-dependent inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2721-2735. [PMID: 37302817 PMCID: PMC10592153 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a response to cardiac stress that typically leads to heart failure. Despite being a primary contributor to pathological cardiac remodelling, the therapeutic space that targets hypertrophy is limited. Here, we apply a network model to virtually screen for FDA-approved drugs that induce or suppress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A logic-based differential equation model of cardiomyocyte signalling was used to predict drugs that modulate hypertrophy. These predictions were validated against curated experiments from the prior literature. The actions of midostaurin were validated in new experiments using TGFβ- and noradrenaline (NE)-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. KEY RESULTS Model predictions were validated in 60 out of 70 independent experiments from the literature and identify 38 inhibitors of hypertrophy. We additionally predict that the efficacy of drugs that inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is often context dependent. We predicted that midostaurin inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by TGFβ, but not noradrenaline, exhibiting context dependence. We further validated this prediction by cellular experiments. Network analysis predicted critical roles for the PI3K and RAS pathways in the activity of celecoxib and midostaurin, respectively. We further investigated the polypharmacology and combinatorial pharmacology of drugs. Brigatinib and irbesartan in combination were predicted to synergistically inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides a well-validated platform for investigating the efficacy of drugs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and identifies midostaurin for consideration as an antihypertrophic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor G. Eggertsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed A, Abdel-Rahman D, Hantash EM. Role of canagliflozin in ameliorating isoprenaline induced cardiomyocyte oxidative stress via the heme oxygenase-1 mediated pathway. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:593-605. [PMID: 37779487 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2262390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin (CZ) is commonly prescribed for management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); it also can reduce the risk of myocardial infarction. We used 80 albino Wistar rats to investigate the cardioprotective potential of CZ against oxidative stress caused by administration of isoprenaline (ISO). We found that ISO stimulates production of reactive oxygen species and that CZ administration caused up-regulation of antioxidants and down-regulation of oxidants due to nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2, as well as by enhancement of the heme oxygenase-1 mediated cascade. CZ monotherapy may play a cardioprotective role in diabetic patients. CZ possesses strong antioxidant potential that ameliorates cardiac damage induced by ISO administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ahmed
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dina Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ehab M Hantash
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Chen H, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Targeting GRK2 and GRK5 for treating chronic degenerative diseases: Advances and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Sex/Gender- and Age-Related Differences in β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154280. [PMID: 35893368 PMCID: PMC9330499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often recognized from experimental and clinical studies examining the prevalence, manifestations, and response to therapies. Compared to age-matched men, women tend to have reduced CV risk and a better prognosis in the premenopausal period. However, with menopause, this risk increases exponentially, surpassing that of men. Although several mechanisms have been provided, including sex hormones, an emerging role in these sex differences has been suggested for β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling. Importantly, β-ARs are the most important G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed in almost all the cell types of the CV system, and involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Consistent with their role, for decades, βARs have been considered the first targets for rational drug design to fight CVDs. Of note, β-ARs are seemingly associated with different CV outcomes in females compared with males. In addition, even if there is a critical inverse correlation between β-AR responsiveness and aging, it has been reported that gender is crucially involved in this age-related effect. This review will discuss how β-ARs impact the CV risk and response to anti-CVD therapies, also concerning sex and age. Further, we will explore how estrogens impact β-AR signaling in women.
Collapse
|
5
|
Harlev I, Holmes JW, Cohen N. The influence of boundary conditions and protein availability on the remodeling of cardiomyocytes. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 21:189-201. [PMID: 34661804 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The heart muscle is capable of growing and remodeling in response to changes in its mechanical and hormonal environment. While this capability is essential to the healthy function of the heart, under extreme conditions it may also lead to heart failure. In this work, we derive a thermodynamically based and microscopically motivated model that highlights the influence of mechanical boundary conditions and hormonal changes on the remodeling process in cardiomyocytes. We begin with a description of the kinematics associated with the remodeling process. Specifically, we derive relations between the macroscopic deformation, the number of sarcomeres, the sarcomere stretch, and the number of myofibrils in the cell. We follow with the derivation of evolution equations that describe the production and the degradation of protein in the cytosol. Next, we postulate a dissipation-based formulation that characterizes the remodeling process. We show that this process stems from a competition between the internal energy, the entropy, the energy supplied to the system by ATP and other sources, and dissipation mechanisms. To illustrate the merit of this framework, we study four initial and boundary conditions: (1) a myocyte undergoing isometric contractions in the presence of either an infinite or a limited supply of proteins and (2) a myocyte that is free to dilate along the radial direction with an infinite and a limited supply of proteins. This work underscores the importance of boundary conditions on the overall remodeling response of cardiomyocytes, suggesting a plausible mechanism that might play a role in distinguishing eccentric vs. concentric hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Harlev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Noy Cohen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wright PT, Gorelik J, Harding SE. Electrophysiological Remodeling: Cardiac T-Tubules and ß-Adrenoceptors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092456. [PMID: 34572106 PMCID: PMC8468945 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptors (βAR) are often viewed as archetypal G-protein coupled receptors. Over the past fifteen years, investigations in cardiovascular biology have provided remarkable insights into this receptor family. These studies have shifted pharmacological dogma, from one which centralized the receptor to a new focus on structural micro-domains such as caveolae and t-tubules. Important studies have examined, separately, the structural compartmentation of ion channels and βAR. Despite links being assumed, relatively few studies have specifically examined the direct link between structural remodeling and electrical remodeling with a focus on βAR. In this review, we will examine the nature of receptor and ion channel dysfunction on a substrate of cardiomyocyte microdomain remodeling, as well as the likely ramifications for cardiac electrophysiology. We will then discuss the advances in methodologies in this area with a specific focus on super-resolution microscopy, fluorescent imaging, and new approaches involving microdomain specific, polymer-based agonists. The advent of powerful computational modelling approaches has allowed the science to shift from purely empirical work, and may allow future investigations based on prediction. Issues such as the cross-reactivity of receptors and cellular heterogeneity will also be discussed. Finally, we will speculate as to the potential developments within this field over the next ten years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Wright
- School of Life & Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK;
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Sian E. Harding
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bledzka KM, Manaserh IH, Grondolsky J, Pfleger J, Roy R, Gao E, Chuprun JK, Koch WJ, Schumacher SM. A peptide of the amino-terminus of GRK2 induces hypertrophy and yet elicits cardioprotection after pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:137-153. [PMID: 33548241 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) expression and activity are elevated early on in response to several forms of cardiovascular stress and are a hallmark of heart failure. Interestingly, though, in addition to its well-characterized role in regulating GPCRs, mounting evidence suggests a GRK2 "interactome" that underlies a great diversity in its functional roles. Several such GRK2 interacting partners are important for adaptive and maladaptive myocyte growth; therefore, an understanding of domain-specific interactions with signaling and regulatory molecules could lead to novel targets for heart failure therapy. Herein, we subjected transgenic mice with cardiac restricted expression of a short, amino terminal fragment of GRK2 (βARKnt) to pressure overload and found that unlike their littermate controls or previous GRK2 fragments, they exhibited an increased left ventricular wall thickness and mass prior to cardiac stress that underwent proportional hypertrophic growth to controls after acute pressure overload. Importantly, despite this enlarged heart, βARKnt mice did not undergo the expected transition to heart failure observed in controls. Further, βARKnt expression limited adverse left ventricular remodeling and increased cell survival signaling. Proteomic analysis to identify βARKnt binding partners that may underlie the improved cardiovascular phenotype uncovered a selective functional interaction of both endogenous GRK2 and βARKnt with AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). AS160 has emerged as a key downstream regulator of insulin signaling, integrating physiological and metabolic cues to couple energy demand to membrane recruitment of Glut4. Our preliminary data indicate that in βARKnt mice, cardiomyocyte insulin signaling is improved during stress, with a coordinate increase in spare respiratory activity and ATP production without metabolite switching. Surprisingly, these studies also revealed a significant decrease in gonadal fat weight, equivalent to human abdominal fat, in male βARKnt mice at baseline and following cardiac stress. These data suggest that the enhanced AS160-mediated signaling in the βARKnt mice may ameliorate pathological cardiac remodeling through direct modulation of insulin signaling within cardiomyocytes, and translate these to beneficial effects on systemic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila M Bledzka
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Iyad H Manaserh
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Grondolsky
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - J Kurt Chuprun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sarah M Schumacher
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun X, Zhou M, Wen G, Huang Y, Wu J, Peng L, Jiang W, Yuan H, Lu Y, Cai J. Paroxetine Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Blocking GRK2 and ADRB1 Interaction in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e016364. [PMID: 33372534 PMCID: PMC7955481 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background ADRB1 (adrenergic receptor beta 1) responds to neuroendocrine stimulations, which have great implications in hypertension. GRK2 (G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2) is an essential regulator for many G protein‐coupled receptors and subsequent cell signaling cascades, but its role as a regulator of ADRB1 and associated cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension remains to be elucidated. Methods and Results In this study, we found the expressions of GRK2 and ADRB1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were positively associated with blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients and with their expression in heart. In vitro evidence showed a direct interaction in ADRB1 and GRK2 and genetic depletion of GRK2 blocks epinephrine‐induced upregulation of hypertrophic and fibrotic genes in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, we discovered a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine specifically blockades GRK2 and ADRB1 interaction. In vivo, paroxetine treatment ameliorates hypertension‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis in animal models. We found that paroxetine suppressed sympathetic overdrive and increased the adrenergic receptor sensitivity to catecholamines. Paroxetine treatment also blocks epinephrine‐induced upregulation of hypertrophic and fibrotic genes as well as ADRB1 internalization in cardiomyocytes. Coadministration of paroxetine further potentiates metoprolol‐induced reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, further attenuating cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Furthermore, in patients with hypertension accompanied with depression, we observed that cardiac remodeling was less severe in those with paroxetine treatment compared with those with other types of anti‐depressive agents. Conclusions Paroxetine promotes ADRB1 sensitivity and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy partially via blocking GRK2‐mediated ADRB1 activation and internalization in the context of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Sun
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Mengli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Gaiyan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Hospital Hangzhou China
| | - Yun Huang
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital Ningbo China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Hong Yuan
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China.,The Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khalilimeybodi A, Paap AM, Christiansen SLM, Saucerman JJ. Context-specific network modeling identifies new crosstalk in β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008490. [PMID: 33338038 PMCID: PMC7781532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a context-dependent phenomenon wherein a myriad of biochemical and biomechanical factors regulate myocardial growth through a complex large-scale signaling network. Although numerous studies have investigated hypertrophic signaling pathways, less is known about hypertrophy signaling as a whole network and how this network acts in a context-dependent manner. Here, we developed a systematic approach, CLASSED (Context-specific Logic-bASed Signaling nEtwork Development), to revise a large-scale signaling model based on context-specific data and identify main reactions and new crosstalks regulating context-specific response. CLASSED involves four sequential stages with an automated validation module as a core which builds a logic-based ODE model from the interaction graph and outputs the model validation percent. The context-specific model is developed by estimation of default parameters, classified qualitative validation, hybrid Morris-Sobol global sensitivity analysis, and discovery of missing context-dependent crosstalks. Applying this pipeline to our prior-knowledge hypertrophy network with context-specific data revealed key signaling reactions which distinctly regulate cell response to isoproterenol, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and stretch. Furthermore, with CLASSED we developed a context-specific model of β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy. The model predicted new crosstalks between calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways and upstream signaling of Ras in the ISO-specific context. Experiments in cardiomyocytes validated the model’s predictions on the role of CaMKII-Gβγ and CaN-Gβγ interactions in mediating hypertrophic signals in ISO-specific context and revealed a difference in the phosphorylation magnitude and translocation of ERK1/2 between cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. CLASSED is a systematic approach for developing context-specific large-scale signaling networks, yielding insights into new-found crosstalks in β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a disease in which the heart grows abnormally in response to different motivators such as high blood pressure or variations in hormones and growth factors. The shape of the heart after its growth depends on the context in which it grows. Since cell signaling in the cardiac cells plays a key role in the determination of heart shape, a thorough understanding of cardiac cells signaling in each context enlightens the mechanisms which control response of cardiac cells. However, cell signaling in cardiac hypertrophy comprises a complex web of pathways with numerous interactions, and predicting how these interactions control the hypertrophic signal in each context is not achievable by only experiments or general computational models. To address this need, we developed an approach to bring together the experimental data of each context with a signaling network curated from literature to identify the main players of cardiac cells response in each context and attain the context-specific models of cardiac hypertrophy. By utilizing our approach, we identified the main regulators of cardiac hypertrophy in four important contexts. We developed a network model of β-adrenergic cardiac hypertrophy, and predicted and validated new interactions that regulate cardiac cells response in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Paap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven L. M. Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Age-Dependent Maturation of iPSC-CMs Leads to the Enhanced Compartmentation of β 2AR-cAMP Signalling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102275. [PMID: 33053822 PMCID: PMC7601768 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to differentiate induced-pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has opened up novel avenues for potential cardiac therapies. However, iPSC-CMs exhibit a range of somewhat immature functional properties. This study explored the development of the beta-adrenergic receptor (βAR) pathway, which is crucial in regulating contraction and signifying the health and maturity of myocytes. We explored the compartmentation of β2AR-signalling and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in caveolae, as functional nanodomains supporting the mature phenotype. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy was used to study the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in iPSC-CMs at day 30, 60, and 90 following βAR subtype-specific stimulation. Subsequently, the PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4 activity was investigated using specific inhibitors. Cells were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) to remove cholesterol as a method of decompartmentalising β2AR. As iPSC-CMs mature with a prolonged culture time, the caveolae density is increased, leading to a reduction in the overall cytoplasmic cAMP signal stimulated through β2AR (but not β1AR). Pan-phosphodiesterase inhibition or caveolae depletion leads to an increase in the β2AR-stimulated cytoplasmic cAMP. Moreover, with time in culture, the increase in the βAR-dependent cytoplasmic cAMP becomes more sensitive to cholesterol removal. The regulation of the β2AR response by PDE2 and 4 is similarly increased with the time in culture. We conclude that both the β2AR and PDEs are restricted to the caveolae nanodomains, and thereby exhibit a tighter spatial restriction over the cAMP signal in late-stage compared to early iPSC-CMs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Canagliflozin attenuates isoprenaline-induced cardiac oxidative stress by stimulating multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14459. [PMID: 32879422 PMCID: PMC7468124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug canagliflozin is reported to possess several cardioprotective effects. However, no studies have investigated protective effects of canagliflozin in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac oxidative damage—a model mimicking sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overstimulation-evoked cardiac injuries in humans. Therefore, we investigated protective effects of canagliflozin in ISO-induced cardiac oxidative stress, and their underlying molecular mechanisms in Long-Evans rat heart and in HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line. Our data showed that ISO administration inflicts pro-oxidative changes in heart by stimulating production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In contrast, canagliflozin treatment in ISO rats not only preserves endogenous antioxidants but also reduces cardiac oxidative stress markers, fibrosis and apoptosis. Our Western blotting and messenger RNA expression data demonstrated that canagliflozin augments antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In addition, canagliflozin treatment attenuates pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4), caspase-3 and Bax. Consistently, canagliflozin treatment improves heart function marker in ISO-treated rats. In summary, we demonstrated that canagliflozin produces cardioprotective actions by promoting multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Grassam-Rowe A, Ou X, Lei M. Novel cardiac cell subpopulations: Pnmt-derived cardiomyocytes. Open Biol 2020; 10:200095. [PMID: 32810421 PMCID: PMC7479933 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity among highly specialized cells underlies the fundamental biology of complex multi-cellular organisms. One of the essential scientific questions in cardiac biology has been to define subpopulations within the heart. The heart parenchyma comprises specialized cardiomyocytes (CMs). CMs have been canonically classified into a few phenotypically diverse subpopulations largely based on their function and anatomic localization. However, there is growing evidence that CM subpopulations are in fact numerous, with a diversity of genetic origin and putatively different roles in physiology and pathophysiology. In this chapter, we introduce a recently discovered CM subpopulation: phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (Pnmt)-derived cardiomyocytes (PdCMs). We discuss: (i) canonical classifications of CM subpopulations; (ii) discovery of PdCMs; (iii) Pnmt and the role of catecholamines in the heart; similarities and dissimilarities of PdCMs and canonical CMs; and (iv) putative functions of PdCMs in both physiological and pathological states and future directions, such as in intra-cardiac adrenergic signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianghong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 6400, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 6400, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Differential Activation of P-TEFb Complexes in the Development of Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy following Activation of Distinct G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00048-20. [PMID: 32341082 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00048-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is driven by neurohormonal activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cardiomyocytes and is accompanied by large-scale changes in cardiomyocyte gene expression. These transcriptional changes require activity of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is recruited to target genes by the bromodomain protein Brd4 or the super elongation complex (SEC). Here, we describe GPCR-specific regulation of these P-TEFb complexes and a novel mechanism for activating Brd4 in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The SEC was required for the hypertrophic response downstream of either the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) or the endothelin receptor (ETR). In contrast, Brd4 inhibition selectively impaired the α1-AR response. This was corroborated by the finding that the activation of α1-AR, but not ETR, increased Brd4 occupancy at promoters and superenhancers of hypertrophic genes. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the activation of both receptors initiated similar gene expression programs, but that Brd4 inhibition attenuated hypertrophic genes more robustly following α1-AR activation. Finally, we show that protein kinase A (PKA) is required for α1-AR stimulation of Brd4 chromatin occupancy. The differential role of the Brd4/P-TEFb complex in response to distinct GPCR pathways has potential clinical implications, as therapies targeting this complex are currently being explored for heart failure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Y, Beng H, Su H, Han F, Fan Z, Lv N, Jovanović A, Tan W. Isosteviol prevents the development of isoprenaline‑induced myocardial hypertrophy. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1932-1942. [PMID: 31545484 PMCID: PMC6777692 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isosteviol sodium (STVNa), which is a derivate of the natural sweet-tasting glycoside stevioside, has recently been developed and it has been determined that this compound exhibits neuro- and cardio-protective properties. In the current study, whether STVNa interferes with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which is induced by isoprenaline (Iso), was investigated in an experimental rat model. Rats were treated with a vehicle (0.9% NaCl; control), isoprenaline (Iso; 5 mg/kg) or Iso (5 mg/kg) with STVNa (4 mg/kg; Iso + STVNa). Cardiomyocytes were isolated using enzymatic dissociation and were treated with 5 µM Iso for 24 h and co-treated with 5 µM STVNa. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA expression was determined using PCR analysis. Cell surface area, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), cytoplasmic Ca2+ and Ca2+ and contractile function were examined using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The current study demonstrated that STVNa inhibited Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiomyocyte size. STVNa significantly reduced cell surface area and decreased BNP mRNA expression in ventricular cardiomyocyte Iso-induced hypertrophy. STVNa was also revealed to restore ΔΨm and reduce ROS generation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration when compared with the Iso-treated group. Additionally, STVNa preserved Ca2+ transients in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that STVNa protects against Iso-induced myocardial hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, restoring ΔΨm and maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxu Chen
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Beng
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Han
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Fan
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Nanying Lv
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| | - Aleksandar Jovanović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, CY‑1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Innovative Drugs and Medicine, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beta-3 adrenoceptors: A potential therapeutic target for heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical cellular sensors that mediate numerous physiological processes. In the heart, multiple GPCRs are expressed on various cell types, where they coordinate to regulate cardiac function by modulating critical processes such as contractility and blood flow. Under pathological settings, these receptors undergo aberrant changes in expression levels, localization and capacity to couple to downstream signalling pathways. Conventional therapies for heart failure work by targeting GPCRs, such as β-adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Although these treatments have improved patient survival, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. GPCR kinases (GRKs) are responsible for GPCR phosphorylation and, therefore, desensitization and downregulation of GPCRs. In this Review, we discuss the GPCR signalling pathways and the GRKs involved in the pathophysiology of heart disease. Given that increased expression and activity of GRK2 and GRK5 contribute to the loss of contractile reserve in the stressed and failing heart, inhibition of overactive GRKs has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to treat heart failure.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ito A, Ohnuki Y, Suita K, Ishikawa M, Mototani Y, Shiozawa K, Kawamura N, Yagisawa Y, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Nakamura Y, Okumura S. Role of β-adrenergic signaling in masseter muscle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215539. [PMID: 30986276 PMCID: PMC6464212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the major isoform of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) is β2-AR and the minor isoform is β1-AR, which is opposite to the situation in cardiac muscle. Despite extensive studies in cardiac muscle, the physiological roles of the β-AR subtypes in skeletal muscle are not fully understood. Therefore, in this work, we compared the effects of chronic β1- or β2-AR activation with a specific β1-AR agonist, dobutamine (DOB), or a specific β2-AR agonist, clenbuterol (CB), on masseter and cardiac muscles in mice. In cardiac muscle, chronic β1-AR stimulation induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis, whereas chronic β2-AR stimulation induced cardiac hypertrophy without histological abnormalities. In masseter muscle, however, chronic β1-AR stimulation did not induce muscle hypertrophy, but did induce fibrosis and apoptosis concomitantly with increased levels of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) (Thr-202/Tyr-204), calmodulin kinase II (Thr-286) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ser-2481) phosphorylation. On the other hand, chronic β2-AR stimulation in masseter muscle induced muscle hypertrophy without histological abnormalities, as in the case of cardiac muscle, concomitantly with phosphorylation of Akt (Ser-473) and mTOR (Ser-2448) and increased expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, an autophagosome marker. These results suggest that the β1-AR pathway is deleterious and the β2-AR is protective in masseter muscle. These data should be helpful in developing pharmacological approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting and weakness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Ito
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yagisawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koziczak-Holbro M, Rigel DF, Dumotier B, Sykes DA, Tsao J, Nguyen NH, Bösch J, Jourdain M, Flotte L, Adachi Y, Kiffe M, Azria M, Fairhurst RA, Charlton SJ, Richardson BP, Lach-Trifilieff E, Glass DJ, Ullrich T, Hatakeyama S. Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel 5-Hydroxybenzothiazolone-Derived β2-Adrenoceptor Agonist with Functional Selectivity for Anabolic Effects on Skeletal Muscle Resulting in a Wider Cardiovascular Safety Window in Preclinical Studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:188-199. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
19
|
Imaeda A, Tanaka S, Tonegawa K, Fuchigami S, Obana M, Maeda M, Kihara M, Kiyonari H, Conway SJ, Fujio Y, Nakayama H. Myofibroblast β2 adrenergic signaling amplifies cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:149-155. [PMID: 30683314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal β-adrenergic signaling plays a central role in human heart failure. In mice, chronic β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation elicits cardiac hypertrophy. It has been reported that cultured cardiac fibroblasts express βAR; however, the functional in vivo requirement of βAR signaling in cardiac fibroblasts during the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. β2AR null mice exhibited attenuated hypertrophic responses to chronic βAR stimulation upon continuous infusion of an agonist, isoprenaline (ISO), compared to those in wildtype controls, suggesting that β2AR activation in the heart induces pro-hypertrophic effects in mice. Since β2AR signaling is protective in cardiomyocytes, we focused on β2AR signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts. To determine whether β2AR signaling in myofibroblasts affects cardiac hypertrophy, we generated myofibroblast-specific transgenic mice (TG) with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAcα) using Cre-loxP system. Myofibroblast-specific PKAcα overexpression resulted in enhanced heart weight normalized to body weight ratio, associated with an enlargement of cardiomyocytes at 12 weeks of age, indicating that myofibroblast-specific activation of PKA mediates cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes stimulated with conditioned media from TG cardiac fibroblasts likewise exhibited significantly more growth than those from controls. Thus, β2AR signaling in myofibroblasts plays a substantial role in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, possibly due to a paracrine effect. β2AR signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts may represent a promising target for development of novel therapies for cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Imaeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Tonegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Fuchigami
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Educational and Research Unit of Pharm.D. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratories for Animal Resource Development, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratories for Animal Resource Development, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of renal denervation on blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:293-300. [PMID: 30342984 PMCID: PMC6235792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal denervation (RD) has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to reduce blood pressure for those with resistant hypertension. Yet, we aimed to explore the effect and possible mechanism of RD on blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS A total of 48 male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomized to three groups: study group, sham-operation group and control group. RD was achieved by cutting off renal nerves and swabbing phenol on it. Ten weeks after RD, 8 rats in each group were sacrificed to collect the kidney and heart tissues. The remaining rats were subjected to an operation to induce hemorrhagic shock which would lead to 40% loss of total blood volume, and observed for 120 min. The serum concentration of norepinephrine was measured before and three weeks after RD. RESULTS The blood-pressure and norepinephrine levels were reduced significantly after RD (p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the surgery group were higher than those in the sham and control groups at 15, 30 and 45 min after hemorrhagic shock (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed at 60, 90 and 120 min (p > 0.05). Additionally, the beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) in the study group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (p < 0.05) after hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that RD could to some extent improve blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in an established model of severe hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mechanism might be associated with up-regulation of β1-AR.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fang X, Liu Y, Lu J, Hong H, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Wang P, Liu P, Ye J. Protocatechuic aldehyde protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1373-1385. [PMID: 30132020 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) is a natural compound found in the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. It has been shown to possess multiple biological activities and to protect the cardiovascular system against oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential effects of PCA on cardiac hypertrophy remain to be investigated. In this study, we showed that isoproterenol treatment (ISO, 10 μM for 24 h) induced significant hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, as manifested by enlargement of cell surface area (1.74-fold greater than that of the control, p < 0.05) and upregulation of hypertrophic gene markers (2.44- to 2.75-fold increase in ANF and β-MHC protein expression, p < 0.05). These ISO-induced hypertrophic responses were attenuated by PCA (50-200 μM, p < 0.05). Furthermore, intragastric administration of PCA (10-100 mg/kg/day) ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in ISO-treated rats (1.5 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 7 days). PCA inhibited the abnormal changes in echocardiographic parameters and suppressed ISO-induced increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and collagen content (p < 0.05). It also ameliorated ISO-mediated elevation of HW/BW, LVW/BW, and HW/TL ratios (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, ISO facilitated JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, increased STAT3 nuclear translocation, and enhanced STAT3 transcriptional activity. All these changes were attenuated by PCA. Taken together, these findings showed that PCA could protect against cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO possibly via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting the potential of PCA as a therapeutic candidate for hypertrophy-associated heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Panxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University (Higher Education Mega Center), 132# East Wai-huan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khalilimeybodi A, Daneshmehr A, Sharif-Kashani B. Investigating β-adrenergic-induced cardiac hypertrophy through computational approach: classical and non-classical pathways. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:503-520. [PMID: 28674776 PMCID: PMC10717155 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors plays a crucial role in cardiac hypertrophy and its progression to heart failure. In β-adrenergic signaling, in addition to the well-established classical pathway, Gs/AC/cAMP/PKA, activation of non-classical pathways such as Gi/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and Gi/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK contribute in cardiac hypertrophy. The signaling network of β-adrenergic-induced hypertrophy is very complex and not fully understood. So, we use a computational approach to investigate the dynamic response and contribution of β-adrenergic mediators in cardiac hypertrophy. The proposed computational model provides insights into the effects of β-adrenergic classical and non-classical pathways on the activity of hypertrophic transcription factors CREB and GATA4. The results illustrate that the model captures the dynamics of the main signaling mediators and reproduces the experimental observations well. The results also show that despite the low portion of β2 receptors out of total cardiac β-adrenergic receptors, their contribution in the activation of hypertrophic mediators and regulation of β-adrenergic-induced hypertrophy is noticeable and variations in β1/β2 receptors ratio greatly affect the ISO-induced hypertrophic response. The model results illustrate that GSK3β deactivation after β-adrenergic receptor stimulation has a major influence on CREB and GATA4 activation and consequent cardiac hypertrophy. Also, it is found through sensitivity analysis that PKB (Akt) activation has both pro-hypertrophic and anti-hypertrophic effects in β-adrenergic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Daneshmehr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Sharif-Kashani
- Department of Cardiology, Massih-Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nooh MM, Mancarella S, Bahouth SW. Novel Paradigms Governing β1-Adrenergic Receptor Trafficking in Primary Adult Rat Cardiac Myocytes. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:862-875. [PMID: 29848777 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) is a major cardiac G protein-coupled receptor, which mediates cardiac actions of catecholamines and is involved in genesis and treatment of numerous cardiovascular disorders. In mammalian cells, catecholamines induce the internalization of the β1-AR into endosomes and their removal promotes the recycling of the endosomal β1-AR back to the plasma membrane; however, whether these redistributive processes occur in terminally differentiated cells is unknown. Compartmentalization of the β1-AR in response to β-agonists and antagonists was determined by confocal microscopy in primary adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs), which are terminally differentiated myocytes with unique structures such as transverse tubules (T-tubules) and contractile sarcomeres. In unstimulated ARVMs, the fluorescently labeled β1-AR was expressed on the external membrane (the sarcolemma) of cardiomyocytes. Exposing ARVMs to isoproterenol redistributed surface β1-ARs into small (∼225-250 nm) regularly spaced internal punctate structures that overlapped with puncta stained by Di-8 ANEPPS, a membrane-impermeant T-tubule-specific dye. Replacing the β-agonist with the β-blocker alprenolol, induced the translocation of the wild-type β1-AR from these punctate structures back to the plasma membrane. This step was dependent on two barcodes, namely, the type-1 PDZ binding motif and serine at position 312 of the β1-AR, which is phosphorylated by a pool of cAMP-dependent protein kinases anchored at the type-1 PDZ of the β1-AR. These data show that redistribution of the β1-AR in ARVMs from internal structures back to the plasma membrane was mediated by a novel sorting mechanism, which might explain unique aspects of cardiac β1-AR signaling under normal or pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Nooh
- Departments of Pharmacology (M.M.N., S.W.B.) and Physiology (S.M.), The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (M.M.N.)
| | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Departments of Pharmacology (M.M.N., S.W.B.) and Physiology (S.M.), The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (M.M.N.)
| | - Suleiman W Bahouth
- Departments of Pharmacology (M.M.N., S.W.B.) and Physiology (S.M.), The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (M.M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jensen L, Neri E, Bassaneze V, De Almeida Oliveira NC, Dariolli R, Turaça LT, Levy D, Veronez D, Ferraz MSA, Alencar AM, Bydlowski SP, Cestari IA, Krieger JE. Integrated molecular, biochemical, and physiological assessment unravels key extraction method mediated influences on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5420-5430. [PMID: 29219187 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal cardiomyocytes are instrumental for disease modeling, but the effects of different cell extraction methods on basic cell biological processes remain poorly understood. We assessed the influence of two popular methods to extract rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, Pre-plating (PP), and Percoll (PC) on cell structure, metabolism, and function. Cardiomyocytes obtained from PP showed higher gene expression for troponins, titin, and potassium and sodium channels compared to PC. Also, PP cells displayed higher levels of troponin I protein. Cells obtained from PC displayed higher lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate production than PP cells, indicating higher anaerobic metabolism after 8 days of culture. In contrast, reactive oxygen species levels were higher in PP cells as indicated by ethidium and hydroxyethidium production. Consistent with these data, protein nitration was higher in PP cells, as well as nitrite accumulation in cell medium. Moreover, PP cells showed higher global intracellular calcium under basal and 1 mM isoprenaline conditions. In a calcium-transient assessment under electrical stimulation (0.5 Hz), PP cells displayed higher calcium amplitude than cardiomyocytes obtained from PC and using a traction force microscope technique we observed that PP cardiomyocytes showed the highest relaxation. Collectively, we demonstrated that extraction methods influence parameters related to cell structure, metabolism, and function. Overall, PP derived cells are more active and mature than PC cells, displaying higher contractile function and generating more reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, PC derived cells display higher anaerobic metabolism, despite comparable high yields from both protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Jensen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elida Neri
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Bassaneze
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C De Almeida Oliveira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro T Turaça
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology/LIM 31, Clinics Hospital (HC), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Veronez
- Bioengineering Division, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana S A Ferraz
- Laboratory of Microrheology and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano M Alencar
- Laboratory of Microrheology and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio P Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology/LIM 31, Clinics Hospital (HC), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idágene A Cestari
- Bioengineering Division, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology/LIM 13, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sustained β-AR stimulation induces synthesis and secretion of growth factors in cardiac myocytes that affect on cardiac fibroblast activation. Life Sci 2017; 193:257-269. [PMID: 29107793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine factors, including growth factors and cytokines, released from cardiac myocytes following β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation regulate cardiac fibroblasts. Activated cardiac fibroblasts have the ability to increase collagen synthesis, cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation, leading to cardiac fibrosis. However, it is unknown which β-AR subtypes and signaling pathways mediate the upregulation of paracrine factors in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that sustained stimulation of β-ARs significantly induced synthesis and secretion of growth factors, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), via the cAMP-dependent and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathways. In addition, isoproterenol (ISO)-mediated synthesis and secretion of CTGF and VEGF through the β1-AR and β2-AR subtypes. Paracrine factors released by cardiac myocytes following sustained β-AR stimulation are necessary for the induction of cell proliferation and synthesis of collagen I, collagen III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in cardiac fibroblasts, confirming that β-AR overstimulation of cardiac myocytes induces cardiac fibrosis by releasing several paracrine factors. These effects can be antagonized by β-blockers, including atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol. Thus, the use of β-blockers may have beneficial effects on the treatment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
|
26
|
Giehl E, Lemos FO, Huang Y, Giordano FJ, Kuo IY, Ehrlich BE. Polycystin 2-dependent cardio-protective mechanisms revealed by cardiac stress. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1507-1517. [PMID: 28762163 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the development of multiple kidney cysts, the most frequent cause of death in ADPKD patients is cardiovascular disease. ADPKD is linked to mutations in PKD1 or pkd2, the genes that encode for the proteins polycystin 1 and polycystin 2 (PC1 and PC2, respectively). The cardiovascular complications have been assumed to be a consequence of renal hypertension and activation of renin/angiotensin/aldosterone (RAAS) pathway. However, the expression of PC1 and PC2 in cardiac tissue suggests additional direct effects of these proteins on cardiac function. We previously reported that zebrafish lacking PC2 develop heart failure, and that heterozygous Pkd2+/- mice are hypersensitive to acute β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation. Here, we investigate the effect of cardiac stress (prolonged continuous βAR stimulus) on Pkd2+/- mice. After βAR stimulation for 7 days, wild-type (WT) mice had increased left ventricular mass and natriuretic peptide (ANP and BNP) mRNA levels. The WT mice also had upregulated levels of PC2 and chromogranin B (CGB, an upstream regulator of BNP). Conversely, Pkd2+/- mice had increased left ventricular mass, but natriuretic peptide and CGB expression levels remained constant. Reversal of the increased cardiac mass was observed in WT mice 3 days after cessation of the βAR stimulation, but not in Pkd2+/- mice. We suggest that cardiac stress leads to upregulation of the PC2-CGB-BNP signaling axis, and this pathway regulates the production of cardio-protective natriuretic peptides. The lack of a PC2-dependent cardio-protective function may contribute to the severity of cardiac dysfunction in Pkd2+/- mice and in ADPKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Giehl
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Frank J Giordano
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qiao Y, Zhu B, Tian A, Li Z. PEG-coated gold nanoparticles attenuate β-adrenergic receptor-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4709-4719. [PMID: 28740379 PMCID: PMC5503492 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used as a drug delivery vehicle, which can accumulate in the heart through blood circulation. Therefore, it is very important to understand the effect of AuNPs on the heart, especially under pathological conditions. In this study, we found that PEG-coated AuNPs attenuate β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR)-mediated acute cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. However, both isoproterenol, a non-selective β-AR agonist, and AuNPs did not induce cardiac function change or cardiac fibrosis. AuNPs exerted an anti-cardiac hypertrophy effect by decreasing β1-AR expression and its downstream ERK1/2 hypertrophic pathway. Our results indicated that AuNPs might be safe and have the potential to be used as multi-functional materials (drug carrier systems and anti-cardiac hypertrophy agents).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiju Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kossack M, Hein S, Juergensen L, Siragusa M, Benz A, Katus HA, Most P, Hassel D. Induction of cardiac dysfunction in developing and adult zebrafish by chronic isoproterenol stimulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 108:95-105. [PMID: 28554511 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a widely used model to evaluate genetic variants and modifiers that can cause heart muscle diseases. Surprisingly, the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) pathway in zebrafish is not well characterized, although abnormal β-AR signaling is a major contributor to human heart failure (HF). Chronic β-AR activation in the attempt to normalize heart function in the failing heart results in a reduction of the β-ARs expression and receptor desensitization, largely mediated through G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) upregulation. This in turn leads to further deterioration of heart function and progression towards HF. This study seeks to systematically characterize the function of the β-AR signaling in developing and adult zebrafish to ultimately assess the ability to induce HF through chronic β-AR activation by isoproterenol (ISO) as established in the mouse model. Larval hearts first responded to ISO by 3dpf, in concordance with robust expression of key components of the β-AR signaling pathway. Although ISO-induced β1-AR and β2-AR isoform upregulation persisted, chronic ISO stimulation for 5d caused systolic cardiac dysfunction concurrently with maximal expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2). More consistent to mammalians, adult zebrafish developed significant heart failure in concert with β1-AR downregulation, and GRK2 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) upregulation in response to prolonged, 14d ISO-stimulation. This was accompanied by significant cell death and inflammation without detectable fibrosis. Our study unveils important characteristics of larvae and adult zebrafish hearts pertaining to β-AR signaling. A lack of β-AR responsiveness and atypical β-AR/GRK2 ratios in larval zebrafish should be considered. Adult zebrafish resembled the mammalian situation on the functional and molecular level more closely, but also revealed differences to dysfunctional mammalian hearts, i.e. lack of fibrosis. Our study establishes the first ISO-inducible HF model in adult zebrafish and present critical characteristics of the zebrafish heart essential to be considered when utilizing the zebrafish as a human disease and future drug discovery model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Kossack
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Hein
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lonny Juergensen
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Benz
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
McCrink KA, Brill A, Jafferjee M, Valero TR, Marrero C, Rodriguez MM, Hale GM, Lymperopoulos A. β 1-adrenoceptor Arg389Gly polymorphism confers differential β-arrestin-binding tropism in cardiac myocytes. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1611-1620. [PMID: 27643874 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) Arg389Gly polymorphism affects efficacy of its procontractile signaling in cardiomyocytes and carriers' responses to β-blockers. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying functional differences between Arg389 and Gly389 β1ARs, we examined their binding to β-arrestins (βarr-1 and -2), which mediate β1AR signaling, in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. METHODS We tested the β1AR-βarr interaction via β1AR immunoprecipitation followed by βarr immunoblotting. RESULTS βarr1 binds both variants upon isoproterenol, carvedilol or metoprolol treatment in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Conversely, the potentially beneficial in the heart βarr2 only interacts with the Arg389 receptor in response to isoproterenol or carvedilol. CONCLUSION Arg389 confers unique βarr2-interacting tropism to the β1AR in cardiac myocytes, potentially underlying this variant's gain-of-function phenotype and better clinical responses to β-blockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Ava Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Malika Jafferjee
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Thairy Reyes Valero
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Christine Marrero
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | | | - Genevieve M Hale
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Gardens Campus, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mao HP, Wang XY, Gao YH, Chang YX, Chen L, Niu ZC, Ai JQ, Gao XM. Danhong injection attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating p38 and NF-κb pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:20-29. [PMID: 26970569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danhong injection (DHI), derived from Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Labiatae, Danshen in Chinese) and Flos Carthami (Carthamus tinctorius L., Compositae, Salvia militiorrhiza Bunge), is an extensively-used Chinese material standardized clinical product for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an adaptive response of cardiomyocytes. Long-lasting cardiac hypertrophy results in the loss of compensation by cardiomyocytes which could ultimately develop into heart failure. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect and exact mechanisms of DHI on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced CH. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cells and male Wistar rats were stimulated by ISO in the present study to establish CH models in vitro and in vivo. CCk-8 assay, Western blot, real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Echocardiography were used in the present study. RESULTS DHI significantly attenuated ISO-induced CH of H9c2 cells (p<0.01). DHI decreased ISO-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) elevation both at the mRNA and protein levels (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Western blot showed that DHI down-regulated the phosphorylation of p38. Furthermore, we found that DHI inhibited the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κb. Echocardiography from ISO-induced CH rats showed that DHI significantly decreased left ventricle (LV) mass, the thickness of the LV end-systolic posterior wall (LVPWs), and the LV end-diastolic posterior wall (LVPWd) elevated by ISO (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that DHI might exert anti-cardiac hypertrophic effects by regulating p38 and NF-κb pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ping Mao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xing-Ye Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yun Hang Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zi-Chang Niu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ju-Qing Ai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP) and Cyclic ADP-Ribose (cADPR) Mediate Ca2+ Signaling in Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by β-Adrenergic Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149125. [PMID: 26959359 PMCID: PMC4784992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a fundamental role in cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of Ca2+-mobilizing second messengers, NAADP and cADPR, in the cardiac hypertrophy induced by β-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol. Isoproterenol induced an initial Ca2+ transients followed by sustained Ca2+ rises. Inhibition of the cADPR pathway with 8-Br-cADPR abolished only the sustained Ca2+ increase, whereas inhibition of the NAADP pathway with bafilomycin-A1 abolished both rapid and sustained phases of the isoproterenol-mediated signal, indicating that the Ca2+ signal is mediated by a sequential action of NAADP and cADPR. The sequential production of NAADP and cADPR was confirmed biochemically. The isoproterenol-mediated Ca2+ increase and cADPR production, but not NAADP production, were markedly reduced in cardiomyocytes obtained from CD38 knockout mice. CD38 knockout mice were rescued from chronic isoproterenol infusion-induced myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and decrease in fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Thus, our findings indicate that β-adrenergic stimulation contributes to the development of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy via Ca2+ signaling mediated by NAADP-synthesizing enzyme and CD38 that produce NAADP and cADPR, respectively.
Collapse
|
32
|
Woitek F, Zentilin L, Hoffman NE, Powers JC, Ottiger I, Parikh S, Kulczycki AM, Hurst M, Ring N, Wang T, Shaikh F, Gross P, Singh H, Kolpakov MA, Linke A, Houser SR, Rizzo V, Sabri A, Madesh M, Giacca M, Recchia FA. Intracoronary Cytoprotective Gene Therapy: A Study of VEGF-B167 in a Pre-Clinical Animal Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:139-53. [PMID: 26160630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B activates cytoprotective/antiapoptotic and minimally angiogenic mechanisms via VEGF receptors. Therefore, VEGF-B might be an ideal candidate for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy, which displays modest microvascular rarefaction and increased rate of apoptosis. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated VEGF-B gene therapy in a canine model of tachypacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS Chronically instrumented dogs underwent cardiac tachypacing for 28 days. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 viral vectors carrying VEGF-B167 genes were infused intracoronarily at the beginning of the pacing protocol or during compensated heart failure. Moreover, we tested a novel VEGF-B167 transgene controlled by the atrial natriuretic factor promoter. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, VEGF-B167 markedly preserved diastolic and contractile function and attenuated ventricular chamber remodeling, halting the progression from compensated to decompensated heart failure. Atrial natriuretic factor-VEGF-B167 expression was low in normally functioning hearts and stimulated by cardiac pacing; it thus functioned as an ideal therapeutic transgene, active only under pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results, obtained with a standard technique of interventional cardiology in a clinically relevant animal model, support VEGF-B167 gene transfer as an affordable and effective new therapy for nonischemic heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Woitek
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicholas E Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffery C Powers
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabel Ottiger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Suraj Parikh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna M Kulczycki
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marykathryn Hurst
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadja Ring
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harinder Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikhail A Kolpakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Axel Linke
- University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okatan EN, Tuncay E, Hafez G, Turan B. Profiling of cardiac β-adrenoceptor subtypes in the cardiac left ventricle of rats with metabolic syndrome: Comparison with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:517-25. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated cardiomyopathy, especially in relation to the role and contribution of beta-adrenoceptor (β-AR) subtypes. Therefore, we examined the roles of β-AR subtypes in the cardiac function of rats with MetS (MetS group) and compared it with that of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (STZ group). Compared with the normal control rats, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the MetS group were significantly decreased and with no changes in their mRNA levels, whereas the protein levels of β3-AR were similar to those of the controls. However, as shown previously, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the STZ group were decreased, whereas the β3-AR levels were significantly increased by comparison with the controls. Additionally, the mRNA levels of β2- and β3-AR were increased, but β1-AR mRNA was decreased in the STZ group. Furthermore, left ventricular developed pressure responses to β3-AR agonist BRL37344 were increased in the STZ group but not in the MetS group, whereas for both groups, the responses to noradrenaline were not different from those of the controls. However, the response to stimulation with high concentrations of fenoterol was depressed in the MetS group, compared with the controls, but not in the STZ group. Consequently, our data suggest that the contribution of the β-AR system to cardiac dysfunction in the rats with MetS is not the same as that in the STZ group, although they have similar cardiac dysfunction with similar ultrastructural changes to the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esma N. Okatan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Coupling of β1-adrenergic receptor to type 5 adenylyl cyclase and its physiological relevance in cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:531-535. [PMID: 25677623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) β1- and β2-subtypes are highly homologous, but play opposite roles in cardiac apoptosis and heart failure, as do cardiac adenylyl cyclase (AC) subtypes 5 (AC5) and 6 (AC6): β1-AR and AC5 promote cardiac remodeling, while β2-AR and AC6 activate cell survival pathways. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that AC5 is coupled preferentially to β1-AR rather than β2-AR, and we examined this idea by means of pharmacological and genetic approaches. We found that selective inhibition of AC5 with 2'5'-dideoxyadenosine significantly suppressed cAMP accumulation and cardiac apoptosis induced by selective β1-AR stimulation, but had no effect on cAMP accumulation and cardiac apoptosis in response to selective β2-AR stimulation. The results of selective stimulation of β1-AR and β2-AR in neonatal cardiac myocytes prepared from wild-type and AC5-knockout mice were also consistent with the idea that β1-AR selectively couples with AC5. We believe these results are helpful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the different roles of AR subtypes in healthy and diseased hearts.
Collapse
|
35
|
Moreau S, DaSilva JN, Valdivia A, Fernando P. N-[11C]-methyl-hydroxyfasudil is a potential biomarker of cardiac hypertrophy. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
36
|
Folino A, Sprio AE, Di Scipio F, Berta GN, Rastaldo R. Alpha-linolenic acid protects against cardiac injury and remodelling induced by beta-adrenergic overstimulation. Food Funct 2015; 6:2231-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA)-enriched diet prevented isoproterenol (ISO)-induced fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Folino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - A. E. Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - F. Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - G. N. Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - R. Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hajifathali A, Saba F, Atashi A, Soleimani M, Mortaz E, Rasekhi M. The role of catecholamines in mesenchymal stem cell fate. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:651-65. [PMID: 25173883 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells found in many adult tissues, especially bone marrow (BM) and are capable of differentiation into various lineage cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. Moreover, MSCs can be mobilized from connective tissue into circulation and from there to damaged sites to contribute to regeneration processes. MSCs commitment and differentiation are controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction through cytokines and catecholamines. There has been an increasing interest in recent years in the neural system, functioning in the support of stem cells like MSCs. Recent efforts have indicated that the catecholamine released from neural and not neural cells could be affected characteristics of MSCs. However, there have not been review studies of most aspects involved in catecholamines-mediated functions of MSCs. Thus, in this review paper, we will try to describe the current state of catecholamines in MSCs destination and discuss strategies being used for catecholamines for migration of these cells to damaged tissues. Then, the role of the nervous system in the induction of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and myogenesis from MSCs is discussed. Recent progress in studies of signaling transduction of catecholamines in determination of the final fate of MSCs is highlighted. Hence, the knowledge of interaction between MSCs with the neural system could be applied towards the development of new diagnostic and treatment alternatives for human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Hajifathali
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li H, Lu ZZ, Chen C, Song Y, Xiao H, Zhang YY. Echocardiographic assessment of β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced heart failure with reduced heart rate in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:58-66. [PMID: 24107096 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1. Chronic injection with the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonist isoproterenol (ISO) has been commonly used as an animal model of β-AR-induced cardiac remodelling and heart failure. This ISO-treated model usually exhibits significantly decreased conscious heart rate (HR). However, the HR in treatment groups is usually adjusted to the same levels by anaesthesia to assess cardiac geometry and function. In the present study, we report a method of echocardiographic assessment that represents the true cardiac geometry and function under conditions of ISO withdrawal. 2. Briefly, C57BL/6 mice were treated with 5 mg/kg per day ISO for 12 weeks. Cardiac geometry and function were assessed by high-resolution echocardiography in vehicle (saline) - and ISO-treated mice that were either conscious or anaesthetized using different concentrations of isoflurane. 3. The cardiac β-AR response was decreased in ISO-treated mice, as evidenced by markedly decreased conscious HR. Vehicle- and ISO-treated mice did not differ in terms of cardiac geometry or function when HR was adjusted to the same level (400 b.p.m.) in both treatment groups, but cardiac geometry and function did differ when a low (1%) rather than high (1.5% or 2%) isoflurane concentration was used to adjust HR. Furthermore, 3 day ISO withdrawal eliminated the difference in conscious HR between the two groups. In addition, the groups differed in cardiac geometry and function regardless of the isoflurane concentration used. 4. In conclusion, using isoflurane to decrease the HR of treated groups to the same level may mask left ventricular dysfunction in ISO-treated mice. Withdrawal of ISO eliminated the difference in basal HR between the ISO-treated and control groups on echocardiography, allowing a more accurate assessment of cardiac pathological and functional changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biologyand Regulatory Peptide, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cyclic AMP synthesis and hydrolysis in the normal and failing heart. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1163-75. [PMID: 24756197 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP regulates a multitude of cellular responses and orchestrates a network of intracellular events. In the heart, cAMP is the main second messenger of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) pathway producing positive chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitropic effects during sympathetic stimulation. Whereas short-term stimulation of β-AR/cAMP is beneficial for the heart, chronic activation of this pathway triggers pathological cardiac remodeling, which may ultimately lead to heart failure (HF). Cyclic AMP is controlled by two families of enzymes with opposite actions: adenylyl cyclases, which control cAMP production and phosphodiesterases, which control its degradation. The large number of families and isoforms of these enzymes, their different localization within the cell, and their organization in macromolecular complexes leads to a high level of compartmentation, both in space and time, of cAMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. Here, we review the expression level, molecular characteristics, functional properties, and roles of the different adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase families expressed in heart muscle and the changes that occur in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
Collapse
|
40
|
Davel AP, Brum PC, Rossoni LV. Isoproterenol induces vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction via a Giα-coupled β2-adrenoceptor signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91877. [PMID: 24622771 PMCID: PMC3951496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustained β-adrenergic stimulation is a hallmark of sympathetic hyperactivity in cardiovascular diseases. It is associated with oxidative stress and altered vasoconstrictor tone. This study investigated the β-adrenoceptor subtype and the signaling pathways implicated in the vascular effects of β-adrenoceptor overactivation. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice lacking the β1- or β2-adrenoceptor subtype (β1KO, β2KO) and wild-type (WT) were treated with isoproterenol (ISO, 15 μg.g(-1) x day(-1), 7 days). ISO significantly enhanced the maximal vasoconstrictor response (Emax) of the aorta to phenylephrine in WT (+34%) and β1KO mice (+35%) but not in β2KO mice. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME abolished the differences in phenylephrine response between the groups, suggesting that ISO impaired basal NO availability in the aorta of WT and β1KO mice. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), pertussis toxin (PTx) or PD 98,059 (p-ERK 1/2 inhibitor) incubation reversed the hypercontractility of aortic rings from ISO-treated WT mice; aortic contraction of ISO-treated β2KO mice was not altered. Immunoblotting revealed increased aortic expression of Giα-3 protein (+50%) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (+90%) and decreased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio in ISO-treated WT mice. ISO enhanced the fluorescence response to dihydroethidium (+100%) in aortas from WT mice, indicating oxidative stress that was normalized by SOD, PTx and L-NAME. The ISO effects were abolished in β2KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The β2-adrenoceptor/Giα signaling pathway is implicated in the enhanced vasoconstrictor response and eNOS uncoupling-mediated oxidative stress due to ISO treatment. Thus, long-term β2-AR activation might results in endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/chemistry
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Multimerization/drug effects
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Regulation of expression of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide, biomarkers for heart development and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2403-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Koch WJ. Targeting cardiac β-adrenergic signaling via GRK2 inhibition for heart failure therapy. Front Physiol 2013; 4:264. [PMID: 24133451 PMCID: PMC3783981 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cells, like those of the other tissues, undergo regulation through membrane-bound proteins known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are key GPCRs expressed on cardiomyocytes and their role is crucial in cardiac physiology since they regulate inotropic and chronotropic responses of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In compromised conditions such as heart failure (HF), chronic βAR hyperstimulation occurs via SNS activation resulting in receptor dysregulation and down-regulation and consequently there is a marked reduction of myocardial inotropic reserve and continued loss of pump function. Data accumulated over the last two decades indicates that a primary culprit in initiating and maintain βAR dysfunction in the injured and stressed heart is GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), which was originally known as βARK1 (for βAR kinase). GRK2 is up-regulated in the failing heart due to chronic SNS activity and targeting this kinase has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in HF. Indeed, its inhibition or genetic deletion in several disparate animal models of HF including a pre-clinical pig model has shown that GRK2 targeting improves functional and morphological parameters of the failing heart. Moreover, non-βAR properties of GRK2 appear to also contribute to its pathological effects and thus, its inhibition will likely complement existing therapies such as βAR blockade. This review will explore recent research regarding GRK2 inhibition; in particular it will focus on the GRK2 inhibitor peptide known as βARKct, which represents new hope in the treatment against HF progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lundby A, Andersen MN, Steffensen AB, Horn H, Kelstrup CD, Francavilla C, Jensen LJ, Schmitt N, Thomsen MB, Olsen JV. In vivo phosphoproteomics analysis reveals the cardiac targets of β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Sci Signal 2013; 6:rs11. [PMID: 23737553 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Blockers are widely used to prevent cardiac arrhythmias and to treat hypertension by inhibiting β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and thus decreasing contractility and heart rate. βARs initiate phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascades, but only a small number of the target proteins are known. We used quantitative in vivo phosphoproteomics to identify 670 site-specific phosphorylation changes in murine hearts in response to acute treatment with specific βAR agonists. The residues adjacent to the regulated phosphorylation sites exhibited a sequence-specific preference (R-X-X-pS/T), and integrative analysis of sequence motifs and interaction networks suggested that the kinases AMPK (adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase), Akt, and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) mediate βAR signaling, in addition to the well-established pathways mediated by PKA (cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase) and CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II). We found specific regulation of phosphorylation sites on six ion channels and transporters that mediate increased ion fluxes at higher heart rates, and we showed that phosphorylation of one of these, Ser(92) of the potassium channel KV7.1, increased current amplitude. Our data set represents a quantitative analysis of phosphorylated proteins regulated in vivo upon stimulation of seven-transmembrane receptors, and our findings reveal previously unknown phosphorylation sites that regulate myocardial contractility, suggesting new potential targets for the treatment of heart disease and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lundby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Berthouze-Duquesnes M, Lucas A, Saulière A, Sin YY, Laurent AC, Galés C, Baillie G, Lezoualc'h F. Specific interactions between Epac1, β-arrestin2 and PDE4D5 regulate β-adrenergic receptor subtype differential effects on cardiac hypertrophic signaling. Cell Signal 2012; 25:970-80. [PMID: 23266473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors (βARs) are highly homologous but fulfill distinct physiological and pathophysiological roles. Here we show that both βAR subtypes activate the cAMP-binding protein Epac1, but they differentially affect its signaling. The distinct effects of βARs on Epac1 downstream effectors, the small G proteins Rap1 and H-Ras, involve different modes of interaction of Epac1 with the scaffolding protein β-arrestin2 and the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) variant PDE4D5. We found that β-arrestin2 acts as a scaffold for Epac1 and is necessary for Epac1 coupling to H-Ras. Accordingly, knockdown of β-arrestin2 prevented Epac1-induced histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) nuclear export and cardiac myocyte hypertrophy upon β1AR activation. Moreover, Epac1 competed with PDE4D5 for interaction with β-arrestin2 following β2AR activation. Dissociation of the PDE4D5-β-arrestin2 complex allowed the recruitment of Epac1 to β2AR and induced a switch from β2AR non-hypertrophic signaling to a β1AR-like pro-hypertrophic signaling cascade. These findings have implications for understanding the molecular basis of cardiac myocyte remodeling and other cellular processes in which βAR subtypes exert opposing effects.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arrestins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Arrestins/genetics
- Arrestins/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- beta-Arrestins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Berthouze-Duquesnes
- Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan M, Mohsin S, Avitabile D, Siddiqi S, Nguyen J, Wallach K, Quijada P, McGregor M, Gude N, Alvarez R, Tilley DG, Koch WJ, Sussman MA. β-Adrenergic regulation of cardiac progenitor cell death versus survival and proliferation. Circ Res 2012; 112:476-86. [PMID: 23243208 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.280735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Short-term β-adrenergic stimulation promotes contractility in response to stress but is ultimately detrimental in the failing heart because of accrual of cardiomyocyte death. Endogenous cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) activation may partially offset cardiomyocyte losses, but consequences of long-term β-adrenergic drive on CPC survival and proliferation are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship between β-adrenergic activity and regulation of CPC function. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse and human CPCs express only β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in conjunction with stem cell marker c-kit. Activation of β2-AR signaling promotes proliferation associated with increased AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, upregulation of cyclin D1, and decreased levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Conversely, silencing of β2-AR expression or treatment with β2-antagonist ICI 118, 551 impairs CPC proliferation and survival. β1-AR expression in CPC is induced by differentiation stimuli, sensitizing CPC to isoproterenol-induced cell death that is abrogated by metoprolol. Efficacy of β1-AR blockade by metoprolol to increase CPC survival and proliferation was confirmed in vivo by adoptive transfer of CPC into failing mouse myocardium. CONCLUSIONS β-adrenergic stimulation promotes expansion and survival of CPCs through β2-AR, but acquisition of β1-AR on commitment to the myocyte lineage results in loss of CPCs and early myocyte precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Khan
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rosca MG, Tandler B, Hoppel CL. Mitochondria in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 55:31-41. [PMID: 22982369 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) frequently is the unfavorable outcome of pathological heart hypertrophy. In contrast to physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which occurs in response to exercise and leads to full adaptation of contractility to the increased wall stress, pathological hypertrophy occurs in response to volume or pressure overload, ultimately leading to contractile dysfunction and HF. Because cardiac hypertrophy impairs the relationship between ATP demand and production, mitochondrial bioenergetics must keep up with the cardiac hypertrophic phenotype. We review data regarding the mitochondrial proteomic and energetic remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the temporal and causal relationships between mitochondrial failure to match the increased energy demand and progression to cardiac decompensation. We suggest that the maladaptive effect of sustained neuroendocrine signals on mitochondria leads to bioenergetic fading which contributes to the progression from cardiac hypertrophy to failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Focus on Cardiac Metabolism".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Rosca
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106‐4981, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cardiac mechanoenergetics for understanding isoproterenol-induced rat heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:163-70. [PMID: 22687629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering from clinical implication, it is often complained that short-term experimental diseased heart models do not mimic long-term diseased hearts that one often clinically encountered. The left ventricle (LV) function in rat cardiac hypertrophy models treated with isoproterenol (ISO) up to 16 weeks was followed up with a non-invasive echocardiography. Infusion of either ISO (1.2mgkg(-1)day(-1) for 3 days-16 weeks) or vehicle (saline 24μlday(-1) for 3 days-16 weeks; SA group) was performed by subcutaneously implanting osmotic minipump. LV and right ventricle (RV) weight ratios to body weight (mgg(-1)) in SA, ISO3d, ISO7d and ISO4w were: 1.94±0.10 and 0.54±0.04 (n=7), 2.56±0.10 and 0.66±0.05 (n=7), 2.50±0.25 and 0.64±0.07 (n=10) and 2.40±0.08 and 0.59±0.08 (n=9), respectively. From echocardiography, the LV function of the hypertrophy models at 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks was unchanged but the model at the longer-term than 4 weeks resulted in prolonged systolic failure. These results indicated that only 3-day ISO infusion induced the hypertrophy model similar in shape and function to that induced by 2-week ISO infusion; the 3-day model sufficiently represents the effects of 2-week ISO infusion. In this review, left ventricular (LV) function was compared between rat cardiac hypertrophy models treated with ISO for 3 days (ISO3d) and 7 days (ISO7d) by analyzing LV mechanical work and energetics. The LV mechanical work and energetics was unchanged in SA, ISO3d and ISO7d groups. The LV relaxation rate at 240bpm in ISO3d and ISO7d groups was significantly slower than that in SA group with unchanged contraction rate. The amounts of expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a), phospholamban (PLB), phosphorylated-Ser(16) PLB (p-PLB), phospholemman (PLM) and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (NKA) are significantly decreased in ISO3d and ISO7d groups. Furthermore, the marked collagen production (types I and III) was observed in ISO3d and ISO7d groups. These results suggested the possibility that physiological LV function is compensated, although molecular changes have been generated even in the short-term hypertrophy model. Although a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has some beneficial effects on hemodynamics, it has no effects of anti-hypertrophic modalities in ISO3d model. However, a selective sodium proton exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor normalized ISO-induced down-regulation of SERCA2a without changes in pPLB/PLB expression in the ISO7d model and ameliorates cardiac Ca(2+) handling impairment and prevents the development of cardiac dysfunction. This result indicated that SERCA2a is a key molecule in the ISO7d model. Slow LV relaxation rate in ISO7d model may be due to down-regulation of SERCA2a. In conclusion, lowering the heart rate make it possible to rescue the impairment of LV mechanical work and energetics in the ISO-induced compensatory hypertrophied rat hearts, providing basic evidence for clinical therapy for patients with some types of cardiac failure.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors are grouped together under the name 'catecholamine receptors.' Catecholamines and catecholaminergic drugs act on catecholamine receptors located on or near the cardiovascular system. The physiological effects of catecholamine receptor stimulation are only partly understood. The catecholaminergic drugs used in critical care medicine today are not selective, or are, at best, in part selective for the various catecholamine receptor subtypes. Many patients, however, depend on them. A variety of animal models has been developed to unravel catecholamine distribution and function. However, the identification of species heterogeneity makes it imperative to determine catecholamine receptor distribution and function in humans. In addition, age-related alterations in catecholamine receptor distribution and function have been identified in human adults. This might have implications for our understanding of the effect of catecholamines in pediatric patients. This article will focus on the pediatric population and will review currently available in vitro data on the distribution and the function of catecholamine receptors in the cardiovascular system of fetuses and children. Also discussed are relevant young animal models and in vivo hemodynamic effects of cardiotonic drugs acting on the catecholamine receptor in children requiring major cardiac surgery. A better understanding of these topics might provide clues for new, receptor subtype-selective, therapeutic approaches in newborns and children with cardiac disease.
Collapse
|
49
|
Rocha-Resende C, Roy A, Resende R, Ladeira MS, Lara A, de Morais Gomes ER, Prado VF, Gros R, Guatimosim C, Prado MAM, Guatimosim S. Non-neuronal cholinergic machinery present in cardiomyocytes offsets hypertrophic signals. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:206-16. [PMID: 22587993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has provided compelling evidence that increased levels of acetylcholine (ACh) can be protective in heart failure, whereas reduced levels of ACh secretion can cause heart malfunction. Previous data show that cardiomyocytes themselves can actively secrete ACh, raising the question of whether this cardiomyocyte derived ACh may contribute to the protective effects of ACh in the heart. To address the functionality of this non-neuronal ACh machinery, we used cholinesterase inhibitors and a siRNA targeted to AChE (acetylcholinesterase) as a way to increase the availability of ACh secreted by cardiac cells. By using nitric oxide (NO) formation as a biological sensor for released ACh, we showed that cholinesterase inhibition increased NO levels in freshly isolated ventricular myocytes and that this effect was prevented by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and by inhibition of ACh synthesis or vesicular storage. Functionally, cholinesterase inhibition prevented the hypertrophic effect as well as molecular changes and calcium transient alterations induced by adrenergic overstimulation in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, inhibition of ACh storage or atropine blunted the anti-hypertrophic action of cholinesterase inhibition. Altogether, our results show that cardiomyocytes possess functional cholinergic machinery that offsets deleterious effects of hyperadrenergic stimulation. In addition, we show that adrenergic stimulation upregulates expression levels of cholinergic components. We propose that this cardiomyocyte cholinergic signaling could amplify the protective effects of the parasympathetic nervous system in the heart and may counteract or partially neutralize hypertrophic adrenergic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Rocha-Resende
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aragón JP, Condit ME, Bhushan S, Predmore BL, Patel SS, Grinsfelder DB, Gundewar S, Jha S, Calvert JW, Barouch LA, Lavu M, Wright HM, Lefer DJ. Beta3-adrenoreceptor stimulation ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 58:2683-91. [PMID: 22152956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examined whether nebivolol protects the heart via nitric oxide (NO) synthase and NO-dependent signaling in an in vivo model of acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND Beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR) activation promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and NO bioavailability. We hypothesized that specific beta(3)-AR agonists would attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury via eNOS activation and increased NO bioavailability. METHODS Mice were subjected to 45 min of myocardial ischemia in vivo followed by 24 h of reperfusion (R). Nebivolol (500 ng/kg), CL 316243 (1 μg/kg), BRL-37344 (1 μg/kg), or vehicle (VEH) was administered at the time of R. Myocardial area-at-risk (AAR) and infarct size (INF)/AAR was measured at 24 h of R. Cardiac tissue and plasma were collected to evaluate eNOS phosphorylation, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitrite and nitrosothiol levels. RESULTS Nebivolol (500 ng/kg) reduced INF/AAR by 37% (p < 0.001 vs. VEH) and serum troponin-I levels from 41 ± 4 ng/ml to 25 ± 4 ng/ml (p < 0.05 vs. VEH). CL 316243 and BRL-37344 reduced INF by 39% and 42%, respectively (p < 0.001 vs. VEH). Nebivolol and CL 316243 increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 (p < 0.05 vs. VEH) and increased nitrite and total nitrosylated protein levels. Nebivolol and CL 316243 significantly increased myocardial nNOS expression. Nebivolol failed to reduce INF after MI/R in beta(3)-AR (-/-), eNOS(-/-), and in nNOS(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that beta(3)-AR agonists protect against MI/R injury. Furthermore, the cardioprotective effects of beta(3)-AR agonists are mediated by rapid eNOS and nNOS activation and increased NO bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Aragón
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|