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Yorioka N, Taniguchi Y, Yamashita K, Ueda C, Nakamura C, Harada S, Yamakido M. Tissue Factor and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889802101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Yorioka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima
| | - Y. Taniguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima
| | | | - C. Ueda
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima - Japan
| | - C. Nakamura
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima - Japan
| | - S. Harada
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima - Japan
| | - M. Yamakido
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima
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Raivio P, Lassila R, Petäjä J. Thrombin in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion During Cardiac Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:318-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abdel Gader AGM. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor [Tfpi]: A Natural Coagulation Inhibitor and Potential Therapeutic Agent – A Review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1658-3612(09)70076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Niiro M, Nagayama T, Yunoue S, Obara S, Hirano H. Changes in tissue factor and the effects of tissue factor pathway inhibitor on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Thromb Res 2007; 122:247-55. [PMID: 18067952 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the contribution of tissue factor (TF) to focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we investigated the changes in TF in rat brains with transient focal cerebral ischemia and also assessed the effect of TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Spontaneous hypertensive rats were subjected to 90-min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and then were reperfused for up to 24 h. Immediately after MCAO, recombinant human TFPI (rhTFPI) (50 or 20 microg/kg/min) was administered by means of a continuous intravenous injection for 4.5 h. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS TF immunoreactivity decreased or scattered in the ischemic area after reperfusion, however, an increased TF expression was observed in the microvasculature with the surrounding brain parenchyma and it peaked at 3 to 6 h, which coincided with the start of fibrin formation. On the other hand, total TF protein in ischemic area continued to exist and did not remarkably change until 24 h after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the total infarct volume in the group treated with 50 microg/kg/min rhTFPI was significantly smaller than that in the controls (saline). Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies showed that rhTFPI treatment resulted in a decrease of fibrin in the ischemic brains and microvasculature. TF-mediated microvascular thrombosis is thus considered to contribute to focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The continuous infusion of rhTFPI until a peak of TF-mediated microvascular thrombosis therefore attenuates the infarct volume by reducing fibrin deposition in the cerebral microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Niiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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Rijneveld AW, Weijer S, Bresser P, Florquin S, Vlasuk GP, Rote WE, Spek CA, Reitsma PH, van der Zee JS, Levi M, van der Poll T. Local activation of the tissue factor-factor VIIa pathway in patients with pneumonia and the effect of inhibition of this pathway in murine pneumococcal pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1725-30. [PMID: 16625114 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000218807.20570.c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex not only is essential for activation of blood coagulation but also affect the inflammatory response during sepsis. The objective of this study was to determine the role of TF-FVIIa in pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most important causative organism in community-acquired pneumonia and a major cause of sepsis. DESIGN A controlled, in vivo laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory of a health sciences university. PATIENTS AND SUBJECTS Patients with unilateral community-acquired pneumonia and female BALB/c mice. INTERVENTIONS Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. In mice, pneumonia was induced by intranasal inoculation with S. pneumoniae with or without concurrent inhibition of TF-FVIIa by subcutaneous injections of recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein (rNAPc2). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients with unilateral community-acquired pneumonia demonstrated elevated concentrations of FVIIa, soluble TF, and thrombin-antithrombin complexes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from the infected site compared with the uninfected site. Mice with S. pneumoniae pneumonia displayed increased TF expression and fibrin deposits in lungs together with elevated thrombin-antithrombin complex levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; inhibition of TF-FVIIa by rNAPc2 attenuated the procoagulant response in the lung but did not affect host defense, as reflected by an unaltered outgrowth of pneumococci and an unchanged survival. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TF-FVIIa activity contributes to activation of coagulation in the lung during pneumococcal pneumonia but does not play an important role in the antibacterial host defense in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita W Rijneveld
- Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bogdanov VY, Kirk RI, Miller C, Hathcock JJ, Vele S, Gazdoiu M, Nemerson Y, Taubman MB. Identification and characterization of murine alternatively spliced tissue factor. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:158-67. [PMID: 16409465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that initiates coagulation and plays a critical role in regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. We have recently reported a naturally occurring, soluble form of human tissue factor (asTF) generated by alternative splicing. This splice variant has a novel C-terminus with no homology to that of the full-length TF (flTF), lacks a transmembrane domain, and is active in the presence of phospholipids. Mouse models offer unique opportunities to examine the relative importance of flTF and asTF in mediating thrombosis, the response to arterial injury, and ischemic damage. To that end, we have identified and characterized murine asTF (masTF). Like the human splice variant, masTF lacks a transmembrane domain and has a unique C-terminus. We have generated antibodies specific to masTF and murine flTF (mflTF) to examine the expression of both forms of TF. masTF antigen is widely and abundantly expressed, with a pattern similar to that of mflTF, in adult tissues, in experimentally induced thrombi, and during development. These studies demonstrate that masTF contributes to the pool of total TF and may thus play an important role in mediating TF-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Y Bogdanov
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Abstract
The classical 'cascade/waterfall' hypothesis formulated to explain in vitro coagulation organised the amplification processes into the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Recent molecular biology and clinical data indicate that tissue factor/factor-VII interaction is the primary cellular initiator of coagulation in vivo. The process of blood coagulation is divided into an initiation phase followed by a propagation phase. The discovery of tissue factor pathway inhibitor further supports the revised theory of coagulation. Tissue factor is also a signalling receptor. Recent evidence has shown that blood-borne tissue factor has an important procoagulant function in sepsis, atherosclerosis and cancer, and other functions beyond haemostasis such as immune function and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Price
- Intensive Care Unit, University of New South Wales at St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
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Murakami N, Horinouchi T, Sakurai M, Ejima Y, Matsukawa S, Kato M, Tabayashi K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy given 30 minutes after spinal cord ischemia attenuates selective motor neuron death in rabbits. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:814-8. [PMID: 11373475 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200104000-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cord ischemia sometimes causes paraplegia because the spinal motor neuron cells are vulnerable to ischemia. Although various protective remedies for spinal cord injury have been reported, there have been few established clinical methods. Although hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been used clinically as a treatment for ischemia, the reason for its effectiveness is still uncertain because sufficient experimental data are lacking. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING Experimental animal research laboratory in a university research center. SUBJECTS Twenty-three Japanese white rabbits, weighing 2-3 kg. INTERVENTIONS A modified rabbit spinal cord ischemia model of infrarenal aortic occlusion for 15 mins was employed. Rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups; the rabbits in group A did not undergo ischemic insults (n = 5). The rabbits in groups B and C underwent ischemic insult for 15 mins, followed by 1 hr of HBO treatment at 3 atm absolute with 100% oxygen at 30 mins (n = 6) or 6 hrs (n = 7) after reperfusion, respectively. The rabbits in group D underwent ischemic insult for 15 mins without HBO treatment (n = 5). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed neurologic functions for 14 days. The sections of the spinal cords were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the number of spinal motor neurons in ventral region was counted by light microscopy. All rabbits in groups A and B could stand, whereas all rabbits in groups C and D showed irreversible paraplegia on days 2 and 14 after reperfusion. Spinal motor neurons in ventral gray matter in groups C and D decreased significantly compared with those in groups A and B. CONCLUSIONS HBO therapy shortly after ischemic insult had protective effects against ischemic spinal cord damage. However, delayed treatment with HBO did not change the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Murakami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Mori K, Maeda T, Shiraishi Y, Kawai Y. Effects of hypothermia on blood flow and neural activity in rabbit spinal cord during postischemic reperfusion. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 51:71-9. [PMID: 11281998 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.51.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hypothermia on blood flow and neural activity were investigated in rabbit spinal cord during the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. Rabbits were exposed to ischemia for 10 or 40 min by occluding the abdominal aorta, using a balloon catheter. The body temperature was maintained either at 38 degrees C (normothermia) or 34 degrees C (hypothermia). Hyperperfusion was observed within 10 min after the cessation of ischemia in all rabbits exposed to ischemia. The magnitude of hyperperfusion in spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was not significantly different between the 10 and 40 min ischemia rabbits, but the time for 50% recovery from the hyperperfusion was longer in the 40 min ischemia group (26.1 +/- 2.5 min) than in the 10 min group (15.1 +/- 2.1 min). The amplitude of evoked spinal cord potential decreased during ischemia and recovered to the baseline level during 8 h of reperfusion in the 10 min ischemia group. However, in the 40 min ischemia group, the amplitude was 40 +/- 8% of the baseline value after 8 h of reperfusion. Hypothermia prevented the delay of recovery from hyperperfusion and the reduction of evoked spinal cord potential. These results suggest that hypothermia plays a beneficial role in protecting tissue injury in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion in the spinal cord by shortening the time for recovery from postischemic hyperperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503 Japan
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de Haan P, Kalkman CJ, Jacobs MJ. Pharmacologic neuroprotection in experimental spinal cord ischemia: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2001; 13:3-12. [PMID: 11145475 DOI: 10.1097/00008506-200101000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Various surgical procedures may cause temporary interruption of spinal cord blood supply and may result in irreversible ischemic injury and neurological deficits. The cascade of events that leads to neuronal death following ischemia may be amenable to pharmacological manipulations that aim to increase the tolerable duration of ischemia. Many agents have been evaluated in experimental spinal cord ischemia (SCI). In order to investigate whether an agent is available that justifies clinical evaluation, the literature on pharmacological neuroprotection in experimental SCI was systematically reviewed to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of the various agents. In addition, the strength of the evidence for neuroprotection was investigated by analyzing the methodology. The authors used a systematic review to conduct this evaluation. The included studies were analyzed for neuroprotection and methodology. In order to be able to compare the various agents for neuroprotective efficacy, relative risks and confidence intervals were calculated from the data in the results sections. A total of 103 studies were included. Seventy-nine different agents were tested. Only 14 of the agents tested did not afford protection at all. A large variation was observed in the experimental models to produce SCI. This variation limited comparison of the individual agents. In 48 studies involving 31 single agents, the relative risks and confidence intervals could be calculated. An analysis of the methodology revealed poor temperature management and lack of statistical power in the majority of the 103 studies. The results suggest that numerous agents may protect the spinal cord from transient ischemia. However, poor temperature management and lack of statistical power severely weakened the evidence. Consequently, clinical evaluation of pharmacological neuroprotection in surgical procedures that carry a risk of ischemic spinal cord damage is not justified on the basis of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P de Haan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Hospital, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yamaguchi Y, Okabe K, Liang J, Ohshiro H, Ishihara K, Uchino S, Zhang JL, Hidaka H, Yamada S, Ogawa M. Thrombin and factor Xa enhance neutrophil chemoattractant production after ischemia/reperfusion in the rat liver. J Surg Res 2000; 92:96-102. [PMID: 10864488 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clotting proteases may affect leukocyte effector function. Activation of the coagulation cascade after ischemia/reperfusion stimulates cytokine production by activated macrophages. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) may also be important in the pathophysiology of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated the effects of a selective factor Xa inhibitor, DX-9065a, on CINC expression after ischemia/reperfusion in the rat liver. METHODS Liver ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the portal vein for 30 min. DX-9065a (9 mg/kg) was injected intravenously 5 min before vascular clamping. Serum CINC concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of CINC mRNA in the liver were determined by Northern blot analysis. We also examined in vitro CINC production by peritoneal macrophages in response to alpha-thrombin or factor Xa. RESULTS Serum CINC concentrations increased and peaked 6 h after reperfusion. However, pretreatment of animals with DX-9065a resulted in significantly smaller increases in CINC after reperfusion. Pretreatment with DX-9065a also significantly reduced CINC mRNA levels in the liver after ischemia/reperfusion. In vitro CINC production by peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by alpha-thrombin, as well as factor Xa. CONCLUSIONS Thrombin and factor Xa stimulate CINC production by macrophages. A selective inhibitor of factor Xa, DX-9065a, attenuates neutrophil chemoattractant production after ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University Medical School, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wu X, Siegemund M, Seeberger M, Studer W. Systemic and mesenteric hemodynamics, metabolism, and intestinal tonometry in a rat model of supraceliac aortic cross-clamping and declamping. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:707-14. [PMID: 10622654 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-0770(99)90125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe systemic and mesenteric hemodynamics, metabolism, and intestinal tonometry in a rat model of supraceliac aortic cross-clamping and declamping. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, experimental study. SETTING University cardiovascular research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twelve male anesthetized and ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION Supraceliac aortic cross-clamping was performed for 30 minutes, followed by declamping and reperfusion for 180 minutes or sham clamping and sham declamping. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean arterial blood pressure; abdominal aortic, superior mesenteric, and carotid artery blood flow; intestinal mucosal tonometry; hemoglobin; lactate; and blood gases were measured before and after 30 minutes of aortic cross-clamping and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after declamping during reperfusion. Aortic cross-clamping induced an increase in mean arterial pressure (117+/-20 mm Hg to 147+/-12 mm Hg), an increase in right atrial hemoglobin saturation(66%+/-11% to 81%+/-6%), an increase in lactate levels (1.7+/-0.7 mmol/L to 4.3+/-1.3 mmol/L), and an increase in tonometric PCO2 (49.6+/-5.0 mm Hg to 75.6+/-8.6 mm Hg). Three hours of reperfusion after declamping resulted in significantly decreased mean arterial pressure (38+/-10 mm Hg); decreased aortic (101+/-12 mL/min/kg to 57+/-32 mL/min/kg), mesenteric (19+/-4 to 13+/-6 mL/min/kg), and carotid (12+/-4 mL/min/kg to 5+/-3 mL/min/ kg) blood flows; and elevated lactate levels (4.2+/-2.0 mmol/L). Tonometric PCO2 had normalized to baseline levels (51.9+/-3.8 mm Hg), but PCO2 gap was significantly higher than in sham clamped rats (17.9+/-7.8 mm Hg v. 7.0+/-2.6 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of aortic cross-clamping and declamping known from large animal models are reproducible using a rat model. Intestinal tonometry indicated mesenteric ischemia during aortic cross-clamping, which was reversible to preclamp values within 30 minutes of reperfusion after declamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Department of Anesthesia and Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
The potential for tissue factor (TF) to enhance inflammation by factor VIIa-dependent induction of proinflammatory changes in macrophages was explored. Purified recombinant human factor VIIa enhanced reactive oxygen species production by human monocyte-derived macrophages expressing TF in vitro. This effect was dose- and time-dependent, ligand- and receptor-specific, and independent of other coagulation proteins. This receptor/ligand binding induced phospholipase C-dependent intracellular calcium fluxes. Transfection studies using a human monocyte-derived cell line (U937) demonstrated that an intact intracytoplasmic domain of TF is required for factor VIIa-induced intracellular calcium fluxes. The capacity of TF to enhance proinflammatory functions of rabbit peritoneal-elicited macrophages (production of reactive oxygen species and expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and cell adhesion molecules) was demonstrated in vivo by treatment with an anti-TF antibody. These data demonstrate that, in addition to its role in activation of coagulation, TF can directly augment macrophage activation. These effects are initiated by binding factor VIIa and are independent of other coagulation proteins. These studies provide the first demonstration of a direct proinflammatory role for TF acting as a cell-signaling receptor.
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Cunningham MA, Ono T, Hewitson TD, Tipping PG, Becker GJ, Holdsworth SR. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor expression in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 1999; 55:1311-8. [PMID: 10200995 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the major endogenous inhibitor of extrinsic coagulation pathway activation, protects renal function in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). Its glomerular expression and relationship to TF expression and fibrin deposition in human crescentic GN have not been reported. METHODS Glomerular TFPI, TF, and fibrin-related antigen (FRA) expression were correlated in renal biopsies from 11 patients with crescentic GN. Biopsies from 11 patients with thin basement membrane disease and two normal kidneys were used as controls. RESULTS TFPI was undetectable in control glomeruli but was detectable in interstitial microvessels. In crescentic biopsies, TFPI was detected in cellular crescents and was more prominent in fibrous/fibrocellular crescents, indicating a correlation with the chronicity of crescentic lesions. TFPI appeared to be associated with macrophages but not endothelial or epithelial cells. TFPI was generally undetectable in regions of the glomerular tuft with minimal damage. In contrast, TF and FRA were strongly expressed in regions of minimal injury, as well as in more advanced proliferative and necrotizing lesions. Despite prominent TF expression, FRA was less prominent in fibrous/fibrocellular crescents in which TFPI expression was maximal. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TFPI is strongly expressed in the later stages of crescent formation and is inversely correlated with the presence of FRA in human crescentic GN. This late induction of TFPI may inhibit TF activity and favor reduced fibrin deposition in the chronic stages of crescent formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Australia.
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