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MacLaren RD. Aesthetic preference for artificially selected color variant affects mate choice copying behavior in female Poecilia latipinna. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298171. [PMID: 38547203 PMCID: PMC10977783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted examining whether an artificially selected "gold" color variant in female "models" affects mate choice copying behavior in sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna). Experiment I consisted of a pair of female preference assays, first assessing preference for male body size, followed by a mate choice copying assay that paired a model female with the smaller, non-preferred male from the initial preference test. Female subjects were divided into three groups that used either a wildtype female model, an artificially selected "gold" variant (cultivated within the aquarium fish trade) model, or control wherein no model was presented. Results showed females consistently copied the model's choice, switching preferences from the larger to smaller male when paired with a model regardless of color. In the second experiment wildtype females were presented with a pair of size-matched dummy males both of which paired with model females (one gold and the other wild type). Subjects consistently preferred the male previously paired with the gold- over the male with the wildtype-model, suggesting pre-existing sensory/perceptual biases may have affected their mate choice copying behavior. Previous studies have offered evidence for the spread of novel traits in males via sensory exploitation. However, these results indicate such biases may influence courtship behavior in circumstances where the novel trait is expressed in females as well. For the third experiment, wildtype females were presented with a choice between gold vs wildtype dummy males, the results of which revealing significant preferences for gold. In a follow-up assay pairing a wild type model with the non-preferred wildtype male, females maintained their preference for gold males despite the conflicting social driver of mate choice copying. These data offer evidence for the existence of a perceptual/cognitive bias in the context of mate choice copying, favoring the gold phenotype and/or novelty in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald David MacLaren
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
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2
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MacLaren RD. Evidence of an emerging female preference for an artificial male trait and the potential for spread via mate choice copying in Poecilia latipinna. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Sandkam BA, Joy JB, Watson CT, Breden F. Genomic Environment Impacts Color Vision Evolution in a Family with Visually Based Sexual Selection. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:3100-3107. [PMID: 29121209 PMCID: PMC5714168 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many models of evolution by sexual selection predict a coevolution of sensory systems and mate preferences, but the genomic architecture (number and arrangement of contributing loci) underlying these characters could constrain this coevolution. Here, we examine how the genomic organization and evolution of the opsin genes (responsible for tuning color vision) can influence the evolutionary trajectory of sexually selected traits across 15 species in the family Poeciliidae, which includes classic systems for studies of color-mediated sexual selection such as guppies, swordtails, and mollies. Although male coloration patterns and the importance of this coloration in female mate choice vary widely within and among genera, sequencing revealed low variability at amino acid sites that tune Long Wavelength-Sensitive (LWS) opsins in this speciose family. Although most opsin genes in these species appear to have evolved along traditional mutation-selection dynamics, we identified high rates of gene conversion between two of the LWS loci (LWS-1 and LWS-3), likely due to the inverted tandem repeat nature of these genes. Yet members of the subgenus Lebistes appear to resist LWS gene conversion. The LWS opsins are responsible for detecting and discriminating red and orange coloration-a key sexually selected trait in members of the subgenus Lebistes. Taken together these results suggest selection is acting against the homogenizing effects of gene conversion to maintain LWS-1/LWS-3 differences within this subgenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Joy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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The Colorful Sex Chromosomes of Teleost Fish. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050233. [PMID: 29751562 PMCID: PMC5977173 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish provide some of the most intriguing examples of sexually dimorphic coloration, which is often advantageous for only one of the sexes. Mapping studies demonstrated that the genetic loci underlying such color patterns are frequently in tight linkage to the sex-determining locus of a species, ensuring sex-specific expression of the corresponding trait. Several genes affecting color synthesis and pigment cell development have been previously described, but the color loci on the sex chromosomes have mostly remained elusive as yet. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the genetics of such color loci in teleosts, mainly from studies on poeciliids and cichlids. Further studies on these color loci will certainly provide important insights into the evolution of sex chromosomes.
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Infection patterns and molecular data reveal host and tissue specificity of Posthodiplostomum species in centrarchid hosts. Parasitology 2018. [PMID: 29526167 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Posthodiplostomum minimum utilizes a three-host life cycle with multiple developmental stages. The metacercarial stage, commonly known as 'white grub', infects the visceral organs of many freshwater fishes and was historically considered a host generalist due to its limited morphological variation among a wide range of hosts. In this study, infection data and molecular techniques were used to evaluate the host and tissue specificity of Posthodiplostomum metacercariae in centrarchid fishes. Eleven centrarchid species from three genera were collected from the Illinois portion of the Ohio River drainage and necropsied. Posthodiplostomum infection levels differed significantly by host age, host genera and infection locality. Three Posthodiplostomum spp. were identified by DNA sequencing, two of which were relatively common within centrarchid hosts. Both common species were host specialists at the genus level, with one species restricted to Micropterus hosts and the other preferentially infecting Lepomis. Host specificity is likely dictated by physiological compatibility and deviations from Lepomis host specificity may be related to host hybridization. Posthodiplostomum species also differed in their utilization of host tissues. Neither common species displayed strong genetic structure over the scale of this study, likely due to their utilization of bird definitive hosts.
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Bangs MR, Oswald KJ, Greig TW, Leitner JK, Rankin DM, Quattro JM. Introgressive hybridization and species turnover in reservoirs: a case study involving endemic and invasive basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus) in southeastern North America. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-1018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jimenez M, Goodchild SC, Stockwell CA, Lema SC. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes for two desert cyprinodontoid fishes, Empetrichthys latos and Crenichthys baileyi. Gene 2017; 626:163-172. [PMID: 28512060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Pahrump poolfish (Empetrichthys latos) and White River springfish (Crenichthys baileyi) are small-bodied teleost fishes (order Cyprinodontiformes) endemic to the arid Great Basin and Mojave Desert regions of western North America. These taxa survive as small, isolated populations in remote streams and springs and evolved to tolerate extreme conditions of high temperature and low dissolved oxygen. Both species have experienced severe population declines over the last 50-60years that led to some subspecies being categorized with protected status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Here we report the first sequencing of the complete mitochondrial DNA genomes for both E. l. latos and the moapae subspecies of C. baileyi. Complete mitogenomes of 16,546bp nucleotides were obtained from two E. l. latos individuals collected from introduced populations at Spring Mountain Ranch State Park and Shoshone Ponds Natural Area, Nevada, USA, while a single mitogenome of 16,537bp was sequenced for C. b. moapae. The mitogenomes of both species contain 13 protein-encoding genes, twenty-two tRNAs, and two rRNAs (12S and 18S) following the syntenic arrangement typical of Actinopterygiian fish mitogenomes, as well as D-loop control regions of 858bp for E. latos and 842bp for C. baileyi moapae. The two E. latos individuals exhibited only 0.0181% nucleotide sequence divergence across the entire mitogenome, implying little intraspecific mtDNA genetic variation. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the poolfish and springfish mitochondrial genomes to available mitogenomes of other Cyprinodontoid fishes confirmed the close relationship of these oviparous Empetrichthys and Crenichthys genera to the viviparous goodeid fishes of central Mexico, and showed the combined clade of these fishes to be a sister group to the Profundulidae killifishes. Despite several significant life history and morphological differences between the Empetrichthyinae and Goodienae, estimates of evolutionary genetic distances using two partial regions of mtDNA point to inclusion of the Empetrichthys and Crenichthys genera within the family Goodeidae along with the goodeid fishes of central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jimenez
- Alan Hancock College, Santa Maria, CA, USA; Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Shawn C Goodchild
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Environmental & Conservation Sciences Graduate Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Craig A Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
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Ho ALFC, Pruett CL, Lin J. Phylogeny and biogeography of Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliinae) across Central and South America based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 101:32-45. [PMID: 27129899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Poeciliids are a diverse group of small Neotropical fishes, and despite considerable research attention as models in ecology and evolutionary biology, our understanding of their biogeographic and phylogenetic relationships is still limited. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of South and Central American Poecilia, by examining 2395 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (ATPase 8/6, COI) and nuclear DNA (S7) for 18 species across six subgenera. Fifty-eight novel sequences were acquired from newly collected specimens and 20 sequences were obtained from previously published material. Analyses of concatenated and partitioned mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sets resulted in a well-supported phylogeny that resolved several monophyletic groups corresponding to previously hypothesized subgenera and species complexes. A divergence-dating analysis supported the hypothesis of the genus Poecilia dispersing into Central America in the early Pliocene (ancestors of Psychropoecilia+Allopoecilia+Mollienesia: 7.3-2.0Mya) from predominantly South America. Subsequently, one lineage (subgenus Allopoecilia: 5.1-1.3Mya) expanded deeper into South America from Lower-Central America, and one lineage expanded from Nuclear-Central America into South America (subgenus Mollienesia: 0.71-0.14Mya). The subgenus Mollienesia diverged into three monophyletic groups that can be identified by nuptial male dorsal fin morphology and inner jaw dentition. A subclade of the unicuspid short-fins (subgenus Mollienesia) was the lineage that expanded into South America during the middle Pleistocene. Species in this subclade are now distributed across northern South America, where they are partially sympatric with Allopoecilia. However the P. (A.) caucana complex was not monophyletic, with P. (A.) wandae clustering in the Mollienesia subclade that expanded into South America. It is apparent that characters (body size, scale count, pigmentation, and gonopodium morphology) used to define the P. (A.) caucana complex are homoplastic and suggestive of rapid convergence in northern South America. Our improved taxon sampling and divergence-time calibration allowed for insights into the timing and direction of dispersals, and provides an improved understanding of the biogeographic history of an enigmatic group of fishes. Furthermore, we provided strong evidence for the monophyly of the subgenus Mollienesia and further substantiated its species complexes; therefore, we advise a taxonomic re-evaluation for the P. (A.) caucana complex to maintain monophyly of both Mollienesia and Allopoecilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeljean L F C Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
| | - Christin L Pruett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Junda Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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9
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Lindholm AK, Sandkam B, Pohl K, Breden F. Poecilia picta, a Close Relative to the Guppy, Exhibits Red Male Coloration Polymorphism: A System for Phylogenetic Comparisons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142089. [PMID: 26529081 PMCID: PMC4631359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the evolution of female preference and male color polymorphism frequently focus on single species since traits and preferences are thought to co-evolve. The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, has long been a premier model for such studies because female preferences and orange coloration are well known to covary, especially in upstream/downstream pairs of populations. However, focused single species studies lack the explanatory power of the comparative method, which requires detailed knowledge of multiple species with known evolutionary relationships. Here we describe a red color polymorphism in Poecilia picta, a close relative to guppies. We show that this polymorphism is restricted to males and is maintained in natural populations of mainland South America. Using tests of female preference we show female P. picta are not more attracted to red males, despite preferences for red/orange in closely related species, such as P. reticulata and P. parae. Male color patterns in these closely related species are different from P. picta in that they occur in discrete patches and are frequently Y chromosome-linked. P. reticulata have an almost infinite number of male patterns, while P. parae males occur in discrete morphs. We show the red male polymorphism in P. picta extends continuously throughout the body and is not a Y-linked trait despite the theoretical prediction that sexually-selected characters should often be linked to the heterogametic sex chromosome. The presence/absence of red male coloration of P. picta described here makes this an ideal system for phylogenetic comparisons that could reveal the evolutionary forces maintaining mate choice and color polymorphisms in this speciose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Lindholm
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ben Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina Pohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Sandkam BA, Young CM, Breden FMW, Bourne GR, Breden F. Color vision varies more among populations than among species of live-bearing fish from South America. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:225. [PMID: 26475579 PMCID: PMC4609137 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory Bias models for the evolution of mate preference place a great emphasis on the role of sensory system variation in mate preferences. However, the extent to which sensory systems vary across- versus within-species remains largely unknown. Here we assessed whether color vision varies in natural locations where guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and their two closest relatives, Poecilia parae and Poecilia picta, occur in extreme sympatry and school together. All three species base mate preferences on male coloration but differ in the colors preferred. RESULTS Measuring opsin gene expression, we found that within sympatric locations these species have similar color vision and that color vision differed more across populations of conspecifics. In addition, all three species differ across populations in the frequency of the same opsin coding polymorphism that influences visual tuning. CONCLUSIONS Together, this shows sensory systems vary considerably across populations and supports the possibility that sensory system variation is involved in population divergence of mate preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, BC, Canada.
| | - C Megan Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, BC, Canada.
| | - Frances Margaret Walker Breden
- School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, BC, Canada.
| | - Godfrey R Bourne
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., 103 Research Building, St. Louis, 63121, MO, USA.
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, BC, Canada.
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11
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Bagley JC, Alda F, Breitman MF, Bermingham E, van den Berghe EP, Johnson JB. Assessing species boundaries using multilocus species delimitation in a morphologically conserved group of neotropical freshwater fishes, the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Poeciliidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121139. [PMID: 25849959 PMCID: PMC4388586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately delimiting species is fundamentally important for understanding species diversity and distributions and devising effective strategies to conserve biodiversity. However, species delimitation is problematic in many taxa, including 'non-adaptive radiations' containing morphologically cryptic lineages. Fortunately, coalescent-based species delimitation methods hold promise for objectively estimating species limits in such radiations, using multilocus genetic data. Using coalescent-based approaches, we delimit species and infer evolutionary relationships in a morphologically conserved group of Central American freshwater fishes, the Poecilia sphenops species complex. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple genetic markers (sequences of two mitochondrial DNA genes and five nuclear loci) from 10/15 species and genetic lineages recognized in the group support the P. sphenops species complex as monophyletic with respect to outgroups, with eight mitochondrial 'major-lineages' diverged by ≥2% pairwise genetic distances. From general mixed Yule-coalescent models, we discovered (conservatively) 10 species within our concatenated mitochondrial DNA dataset, 9 of which were strongly supported by subsequent multilocus Bayesian species delimitation and species tree analyses. Results suggested species-level diversity is underestimated or overestimated by at least ~15% in different lineages in the complex. Nonparametric statistics and coalescent simulations indicate genealogical discordance among our gene tree results has mainly derived from interspecific hybridization in the nuclear genome. However, mitochondrial DNA show little evidence for introgression, and our species delimitation results appear robust to effects of this process. Overall, our findings support the utility of combining multiple lines of genetic evidence and broad phylogeographical sampling to discover and validate species using coalescent-based methods. Our study also highlights the importance of testing for hybridization versus incomplete lineage sorting, which aids inference of not only species limits but also evolutionary processes influencing genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Bagley
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Alda
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
| | - M. Florencia Breitman
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, United States of America
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | | | - Eric P. van den Berghe
- Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ambiente y Desarrollo, Zamorano University, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Jerald B. Johnson
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, United States of America
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, United States of America
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12
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The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish. Nature 2014; 513:233-6. [PMID: 25043015 DOI: 10.1038/nature13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the placenta from a non-placental ancestor causes a shift of maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilization, creating a venue for parent-offspring conflicts during pregnancy. Theory predicts that the rise of these conflicts should drive a shift from a reliance on pre-copulatory female mate choice to polyandry in conjunction with post-zygotic mechanisms of sexual selection. This hypothesis has not yet been empirically tested. Here we apply comparative methods to test a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the evolution of placentation is associated with reduced pre-copulatory female mate choice. We exploit a unique quality of the livebearing fish family Poeciliidae: placentas have repeatedly evolved or been lost, creating diversity among closely related lineages in the presence or absence of placentation. We show that post-zygotic maternal provisioning by means of a placenta is associated with the absence of bright coloration, courtship behaviour and exaggerated ornamental display traits in males. Furthermore, we found that males of placental species have smaller bodies and longer genitalia, which facilitate sneak or coercive mating and, hence, circumvents female choice. Moreover, we demonstrate that post-zygotic maternal provisioning correlates with superfetation, a female reproductive adaptation that may result in polyandry through the formation of temporally overlapping, mixed-paternity litters. Our results suggest that the emergence of prenatal conflict during the evolution of the placenta correlates with a suite of phenotypic and behavioural male traits that is associated with a reduced reliance on pre-copulatory female mate choice.
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13
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Riesch R, Plath M, Schlupp I, Tobler M, Brian Langerhans R. Colonisation of toxic environments drives predictable life-history evolution in livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae). Ecol Lett 2013; 17:65-71. [PMID: 24188245 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New World livebearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) have repeatedly colonised toxic, hydrogen sulphide-rich waters across their natural distribution. Physiological considerations and life-history theory predict that these adverse conditions should favour the evolution of larger offspring. Here, we examined nine poeciliid species that independently colonised toxic environments, and show that these fishes have indeed repeatedly evolved much larger offspring size at birth in sulphidic waters, thus uncovering a widespread pattern of predictable evolution. However, a second pattern, only indirectly predicted by theory, proved additionally common: a reduction in the number of offspring carried per clutch (i.e. lower fecundity). Our analyses reveal that this secondary pattern represents a mere consequence of a classic life-history trade-off combined with strong selection on offspring size alone. With such strong natural selection in extreme environments, extremophile organisms may commonly exhibit multivariate phenotypic shifts even though not all diverging traits necessarily represent adaptations to the extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences & W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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14
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Soares D, Bierman HS. Aerial jumping in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). PLoS One 2013; 8:e61617. [PMID: 23613883 PMCID: PMC3629028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fishes are able to jump out of the water and launch themselves into the air. Such behavior has been connected with prey capture, migration and predator avoidance. We found that jumping behavior of the guppy Poecilia reticulata is not associated with any of the above. The fish jump spontaneously, without being triggered by overt sensory cues, is not migratory and does not attempt to capture aerial food items. Here, we use high speed video imaging to analyze the kinematics of the jumping behavior P. reticulata. Fish jump from a still position by slowly backing up while using its pectoral fins, followed by strong body trusts which lead to launching into the air several body lengths. The liftoff phase of the jump is fast and fish will continue with whole body thrusts and tail beats, even when out of the water. This behavior occurs when fish are in a group or in isolation. Geography has had substantial effects on guppy evolution, with waterfalls reducing gene flow and constraining dispersal. We suggest that jumping has evolved in guppies as a behavioral phenotype for dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Soares
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
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Torres-Dowdall J, Dargent F, Handelsman CA, Ramnarine IW, Ghalambor CK. Ecological correlates of the distribution limits of two poeciliid species along a salinity gradient. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Dargent
- Department of Biology; McGill University; Montreal; QC; H3A1B1; Canada
| | - Corey A. Handelsman
- Department of Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins; CO; 80523; USA
| | - Indar W. Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences; University of West Indies; Trinidad and Tobago
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16
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Alda F, Reina RG, Doadrio I, Bermingham E. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Actinopterygii, Poeciliidae) in Central America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 66:1011-26. [PMID: 23277160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We inferred the phylogenetic relationships among members of the Poecilia sphenops species complex to resolve the colonization process and radiation of this group in Central America. We analyzed 2550 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including ATP synthase 6 and 8, cytochrome oxidase subunit I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes, and 906bp of the nuclear S7 ribosomal protein of 86 ingroup individuals from 61 localities spanning most of its distribution from Mexico to Panama. Our mitochondrial data rendered a well-supported phylogeny for the P. sphenops complex that differed with the nuclear data set topology, which did not recover the monophyly of the P. mexicana mitochondrial lineage. Coalescent-based simulations tests indicated that, although hybridization cannot be completely ruled out, this incongruence is most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting in this group, which also showed the widest geographic distribution. A single colonization event of Central America from South America was estimated to have occurred between the early Paleocene and Oligocene (53-22millionyears ago). Subsequently, two largely differentiated evolutionary lineages diverged around the Early Oligocene-Miocene (38-13million years ago), which are considered two separate species complexes: P. sphenops and P. mexicana, which can also be distinguished by their tricuspid and unicuspid inner jaw teeth, respectively. Ultimately, within lineage diversification occurred mainly during the Miocene (22-5million years ago). All major cladogenetic events predated the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama. The allopatric distribution of lineages together with the long basal internodes suggest that vicariance and long term isolations could be the main evolutionary forces promoting radiation in this group, although dispersal through water barriers might also have occurred. Lastly, our results suggest the need to review the current species distribution and taxonomy of the P. sphenops complex sensu lato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alda
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama, Spain.
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Sandkam BA, Joy JB, Watson CT, Gonzalez-Bendiksen P, Gabor CR, Breden F. Hybridization leads to sensory repertoire expansion in a gynogenetic fish, the Amazon molly (poecilia formosa): a test of the hybrid-sensory expansion hypothesis. Evolution 2012; 67:120-30. [PMID: 23289566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expansions in sensory systems usually require processes such as gene duplication and divergence, and thus evolve slowly. We evaluate a novel mechanism leading to rapid sensory repertoire expansion: hybrid-sensory expansion (HSE). HSE occurs when two species with differently tuned sensory systems form a hybrid, bringing together alleles from each of the parental species. In one generation, a sensory repertoire is created that is the sum of the variance between parental species. The Amazon molly presents a unique opportunity to test the HSE hypothesis in a "frozen" hybrid. We compared opsin sequences of the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, to those of the parental species. Both parental species are homozygous at the RH2-1 locus and each of the four long wavelength sensitive loci, while P. formosa possess two different alleles at these loci; one matching each parental allele. Gene expression analysis showed P. formosa use the expanded opsin repertoire that was the result of HSE. Additionally, behavioral tests revealed P. formosa respond to colored stimuli in a manner similar or intermediate to the parental species P. mexicana and P. latipinna. Together these results strongly support the HSE hypothesis. Hybrid-sensory repertoire expansion is likely important in other hybrid species and in other sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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18
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The influence of host ecology and biogeography on the helminth species richness of freshwater fishes in Mexico. Parasitology 2012; 139:1652-65. [PMID: 23036184 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201200100x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater fish helminths, the most well known Mexican vertebrate parasites, include approximately 260 species (platyhelminthes, acanthocephalans, nematodes, and hirudineans). The distribution patterns of adult helminth diversity (throughout parasite and host groups and hydrological regions) are described and the effects of host traits and environmental and geographical factors on diversity are evaluated. Adult helminths include 160 species, parasitizing 149 fish species of 23 families distributed in 21 regions. Nematoda was the most species-rich (>50 species). Cichlidae harboured rich helminth assemblages, with widespread parasites. By contrast, Atherinopsidae and Goodeidae showed relatively poor helminth assemblages, including specific parasites with narrow distribution. Helminth richness in southeastern Mexico was higher than northern or central regions. Non-parametric richness estimators were used to avoid confusion in comparisons with unequal sampling efforts. Bootstrap values, the method with the best performance, indicated that estimated richness shows the same distribution pattern that observed richness. Non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic analyses were used to determine the role of different factors in the parasite diversification. The distribution range was the most important richness predictor (widespread fishes harbour richer parasite assemblages), although interactions between this variable and others such as trophic level, latitude, habitat temperature and precipitation are also important. Likewise, biogeographical factors can also affect parasite diversity.
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Sullam KE, Essinger SD, Lozupone CA, O'Connor MP, Rosen GL, Knight R, Kilham SS, Russell JA. Environmental and ecological factors that shape the gut bacterial communities of fish: a meta-analysis. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3363-78. [PMID: 22486918 PMCID: PMC3882143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria often help their hosts acquire nutrients from their diet, showing trends of co-evolution and independent acquisition by hosts from the same trophic levels. While these trends hint at important roles for biotic factors, the effects of the abiotic environment on symbiotic community composition remain comparably understudied. In this investigation, we examined the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the gut bacterial communities of fish from different taxa, trophic levels and habitats. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses of 25 16S rRNA libraries revealed that salinity, trophic level and possibly host phylogeny shape the composition of fish gut bacteria. When analysed alongside bacterial communities from other environments, fish gut communities typically clustered with gut communities from mammals and insects. Similar consideration of individual phylotypes (vs. communities) revealed evolutionary ties between fish gut microbes and symbionts of animals, as many of the bacteria from the guts of herbivorous fish were closely related to those from mammals. Our results indicate that fish harbour more specialized gut communities than previously recognized. They also highlight a trend of convergent acquisition of similar bacterial communities by fish and mammals, raising the possibility that fish were the first to evolve symbioses resembling those found among extant gut fermenting mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Convergent Patterns of Body Shape Differentiation in Four Different Clades of Poeciliid Fishes Inhabiting Sulfide Springs. Evol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-011-9129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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MacLaren RD, Gagnon J, He R. Female bias for enlarged male body and dorsal fins in Xiphophorus variatus. Behav Processes 2011; 87:197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Phylogenetic relationships of the North American cyprinid subgenus Hydrophlox. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:725-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Postma E, Spyrou N, Rollins LA, Brooks RC. Sex-dependent selection differentially shapes genetic variation on and off the guppy Y chromosome. Evolution 2011; 65:2145-56. [PMID: 21790565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Because selection is often sex-dependent, alleles can have positive effects on fitness in one sex and negative effects in the other, resulting in intralocus sexual conflict. Evolutionary theory predicts that intralocus sexual conflict can drive the evolution of sex limitation, sex-linkage, and sex chromosome differentiation. However, evidence that sex-dependent selection results in sex-linkage is limited. Here, we formally partition the contribution of Y-linked and non-Y-linked quantitative genetic variation in coloration, tail, and body size of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata)-traits previously implicated as sexually antagonistic. We show that these traits are strongly genetically correlated, both on and off the Y chromosome, but that these correlations differ in sign and magnitude between both parts of the genome. As predicted, variation in attractiveness was found to be associated with the Y-linked, rather than with the non-Y-linked component of genetic variation in male ornamentation. These findings show how the evolution of Y-linkage may be able to resolve sexual conflict. More generally, they provide unique insight into how sex-specific selection has the potential to differentially shape the genetic architecture of fitness traits across different parts of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Postma
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Ptacek MB, Childress MJ, Petersen JA, Tomasso AO. Phylogenetic Evidence for the Gain and Loss of a Sexually Selected Trait in Sailfin Mollies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5402/2011/251925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A phylogenetic comparative approach was used to examine the evolution of the enlarged “sailfin,” characteristic of the monophyletic lineage of sailfin mollies (Poecilia: Mollienesia), but absent in one of its species, P. latipunctata. Ancestral character state reconstructions demonstrated that the ancestral sailfin molly possessed the enlarged sailfin, and, thus, males of P. latipunctata have secondarily lost this trait. The strength of female mating preference was measured in P. latipunctata for two known targets of sexual selection, large male size, and sailfin male phenotype. Females of P. latipunctata preferred conspecific males of larger body size to those of smaller body size, but showed no preference for sailfin males of a related species, P. velifera, when compared with males of the shortfin species, P. mexicana. Taken together, these results suggest that the targets of sexual selection may have shifted in this species and that reduction in female preference for sailfin males may have played a role in the loss of this ornament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B. Ptacek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-0314, USA
| | - Michael J. Childress
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-0314, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Petersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-0314, USA
| | - Anne O. Tomasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-0314, USA
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Tobler M, Palacios M, Chapman LJ, Mitrofanov I, Bierbach D, Plath M, Arias-Rodriguez L, de León FJG, Mateos M. Evolution in extreme environments: replicated phenotypic differentiation in livebearing fish inhabiting sulfidic springs. Evolution 2011; 65:2213-28. [PMID: 21790570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated replicated ecological speciation in the livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana and P. sulphuraria (Poeciliidae), which inhabit freshwater habitats and have also colonized multiple sulfidic springs in southern Mexico. These springs exhibit extreme hypoxia and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, which is lethal to most metazoans. We used phylogenetic analyses to test whether springs were independently colonized, performed phenotypic assessments of body and gill morphology variation to identify convergent patterns of trait differentiation, and conducted an eco-toxicological experiment to detect differences in sulfide tolerances among ecotypes. Our results indicate that sulfidic springs were colonized by three different lineages, two within P. mexicana and one representing P. sulphuraria. Colonization occurred earlier in P. sulphuraria, whereas invasion of sulfidic springs in P. mexicana was more recent, such that each population is more closely related to neighboring populations from adjacent nonsulfidic habitats. Sulfide spring fish also show divergence from nonsulfidic phenotypes and a phenotypic convergence toward larger heads, larger gills, and increased tolerance to H(2) S. Together with previous studies that indicated significant reproductive isolation between fish from sulfidic and nonsulfidic habitats, this study provides evidence for repeated ecological speciation in the independent sulfide spring populations of P. mexicana and P. sulphuraria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tobler
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
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27
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Mustached males in a tropical poeciliid fish: emerging female preference selects for a novel male trait. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Meredith RW, Pires MN, Reznick DN, Springer MS. Molecular phylogenetic relationships and the coevolution of placentotrophy and superfetation in Poecilia (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:148-57. [PMID: 21292015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of Poeciliidae are used as model organisms for experimental studies on natural and sexual selection, and comparative studies of life-history evolution. The latter have demonstrated multiple origins of both superfetation and placentotrophy within Poeciliidae. Most recently, placentotrophy has been described in five species of Poecilia (Pamphorichthys), but only one of these (P.hasemani) shows evidence of superfetation. Here, we use a molecular phylogeny based on concatenated nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences to test hypotheses of correlated evolution between superfetation and placentotrophy in Poecilia. Taxon sampling included all species in the subgenera Micropoecilia and Pamphorichthys for which the presence or absence of placentotrophy and superfetation have been determined, as well as representatives of all other Poecilia subgenera (Acanthophacelus, Limia, Mollienesia, Poecilia, Pseudolimia). Phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods; ancestral states for life-history characters were reconstructed with parsimony and SIMMAP; correlation analyses were performed with SIMMAP; and divergence times were estimated using a relaxed molecular clock. All subgenera in Poecilia were recovered as monophyletic. The basal split in Poecilia is between P. (Acanthophacelus)+P. (Micropoecilia) and the other five subgenera. In the latter clade, P. (Poecilia) is the sister-group to the remaining four subgenera. Within P. (Pamphorichthys), all analyses with the combined data set recovered P. (Pamphorichthys) araguaiensis as the sister taxon to P. (Pamphorichthys) hollandi, and P. (Pamphorichthys) scalpridens as the sister taxon to P. (Pamphorichthys) minor. P. (Pamphorichthys) hasemani was either the sister taxon to P. (Pamphorichthys) hollandi+P. (Pamphorichthys) minor (maximum likelihood, Bayesian) or the sister taxon to all other Pamphorichthys species (maximum parsimony). Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that placentotrophy and superfetation evolved on the same branch in P. (Micropoecilia), whereas placentotrophy evolved before superfetation in P. (Pamphorichthys). SIMMAP analyses indicate a statistically significant association between placentotrophy and superfetation. Within P. (Micropoecilia) both placentotrophy and superfetation evolved in ≤4 million years. Within P. (Pamphorichthys), superfetation evolved in ≤9 million years on the P. (Pamphorichthys) hasemani branch, and placentotrophy evolved in ≤10 million years in the common ancestor of this subgenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Meredith
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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PIRES MARCELON, ARENDT JEFF, REZNICK DAVIDN. The evolution of placentas and superfetation in the fish genus Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: subgenera Micropoecilia and Acanthophacelus). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Meredith RW, Pires MN, Reznick DN, Springer MS. Molecular phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of the placenta in Poecilia (Micropoecilia) (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 55:631-9. [PMID: 19922806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poeciliids are one of the most intensively studied groups within Cyprinodontiformes owing to their use as model organisms for experimental studies on natural and sexual selection, and comparative studies of life-history evolution. Life-history studies have demonstrated multiple origins of placentotrophy and superfetation in poeciliids, including the recent description of placentotrophy in three species of Poecilia (Micropoecilia): P. bifurca, P. branneri, and P. parae. Here, we use a concatenation of seven nuclear gene segments and two mitochondrial segments to examine relationships within Micropoecilia and between this subgenus and other subgenera in Poecilia (Mollienesia, Limia, Pamphorichthys, Acanthophacelus). The combined molecular data set (8668 bp) was analyzed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. We also employed a relaxed molecular clock method to estimate divergence times within Poecilia. All phylogenetic analyses with the combined DNA data set supported the monophyly of Poecilia and recovered a basal split between Poecilia (Acanthophacelus)+Poecilia (Micropoecilia) and the other three subgenera. Within Micropoecilia, P. bifurca grouped with P. branneri, and these joined P. parae to the exclusion of P. picta. Ancestral reconstructions based on parsimony and Bayesian methods suggest that placentotrophy evolved once in Micropoecilia in the common ancestor of P. bifurca, P. branneri, and P. parae. Divergence time estimates suggest that placentotrophy in Micropoecilia evolved in 4 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Meredith
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Ward MN, Churcher AM, Dick KJ, Laver CRJ, Owens GL, Polack MD, Ward PR, Breden F, Taylor JS. The molecular basis of color vision in colorful fish: four long wave-sensitive (LWS) opsins in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are defined by amino acid substitutions at key functional sites. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:210. [PMID: 18638376 PMCID: PMC2527612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparisons of functionally important changes at the molecular level in model systems have identified key adaptations driving isolation and speciation. In cichlids, for example, long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins appear to play a role in mate choice and male color variation within and among species. To test the hypothesis that the evolution of elaborate coloration in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) is also associated with opsin gene diversity, we sequenced long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin genes in six species of the family Poeciliidae. RESULTS Sequences of four LWS opsin genes were amplified from the guppy genome and from mRNA isolated from adult guppy eyes. Variation in expression was quantified using qPCR. Three of the four genes encode opsins predicted to be most sensitive to different wavelengths of light because they vary at key amino acid positions. This family of LWS opsin genes was produced by a diversity of duplication events. One, an intronless gene, was produced prior to the divergence of families Fundulidae and Poeciliidae. Between-gene PCR and DNA sequencing show that two of the guppy LWS opsins are linked in an inverted orientation. This inverted tandem duplication event occurred near the base of the poeciliid tree in the common ancestor of Poecilia and Xiphophorus. The fourth sequence has been uncovered only in the genus Poecilia. In the guppies surveyed here, this sequence is a hybrid, with the 5' end most similar to one of the tandem duplicates and the 3' end identical to the other. CONCLUSION Enhanced wavelength discrimination, a possible consequence of opsin gene duplication and divergence, might have been an evolutionary prerequisite for color-based sexual selection and have led to the extraordinary coloration now observed in male guppies and in many other poeciliids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Ward
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allison M Churcher
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J Dick
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris RJ Laver
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Greg L Owens
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan D Polack
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pam R Ward
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Breden
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John S Taylor
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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NATER ALEXANDER, KRÜTZEN MICHAEL, LINDHOLM ANNAK. Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the livebearing fishPoecilia parae. Mol Ecol Resour 2008; 8:857-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brummell M, Kazianis S, Davidson WS, Breden F. Conservation of synteny between guppy and Xiphophorus genomes. Zebrafish 2008; 3:347-57. [PMID: 18377215 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2006.3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The guppy and fish in the genus Xiphophorus have both been important model systems for the study of natural and sexual selection for over 50 years. Whereas the guppy is unique in the degree to which the environmental variables shaping phenotypic variation are known, Xiphophorus has the advantage that genomic resources have been developed due to the utility of this taxon for the study of melanoma. If linkage maps for the guppy and Xiphophorus are similar, genomic resources developed in Xiphophorus will be useful in the guppy. The authors used an F2 mapping cross of divergent populations of the guppy to construct partial female and male genetic linkage maps incorporating microsatellite markers derived from Xiphophorus mapping efforts. Flanking regions for a sample of microsatellites occurring in maps for both taxa were sequenced in the guppy and compared to published sequences from Xiphophorus. This confirmed that these loci were homologous and estimated the divergence in neutral nuclear DNA to be 0.21 substitutions per site. The female map comprises 16 linked markers on six linkage groups, and the male map comprises 24 markers on nine linkage groups. Linkage relationships among loci homologous in the guppy and Xiphophorus primarily show conservation of genetic architecture between species, but several major changes were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brummell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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NATER ALEXANDER, KRÜTZEN MICHAEL, LINDHOLM ANNAK. Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the livebearing fish Poecilia parae. Mol Ecol Resour 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2008.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bakke TA, Cable J, Harris PD. The biology of gyrodactylid monogeneans: the "Russian-doll killers". ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2007; 64:161-376. [PMID: 17499102 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(06)64003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the history of gyrodactylid research focussing on the unique anatomy, behaviour, ecology and evolution of the viviparous forms while identifying gaps in our knowledge and directions for future research. We provide the first summary of research on the oviparous gyrodactylids from South American catfish, and highlight the plesiomorphic characters shared by gyrodactylids and other primitive monogeneans. Of these, the most important are the crawling, unciliated larva and the spike sensilla of the cephalic lobes. These characters allow gyrodactylids to transfer between hosts at any stage of the life cycle, without a specific transmission stage. We emphasise the importance of progenesis in shaping the evolution of the viviparous genera and discuss the relative extent of progenesis in the different genera. The validity of the familial classification is discussed and we conclude that the most significant division within the family is between the oviparous and the viviparous genera. The older divisions into Isancistrinae and Polyclithrinae should be allowed to lapse. We discuss approaches to the taxonomy of gyrodactylids, and we emphasise the importance of adequate morphological and molecular data in new descriptions. Host specificity patterns in gyrodactylids are discussed extensively and we note the importance of host shifts, revealed by molecular data, in the evolution of gyrodactylids. To date, the most closely related gyrodactylids have not been found on closely related hosts, demonstrating the importance of host shifts in their evolution. The most closely related species pair is that of G. salaris and G. thymalli, and we provide an account of the patterns of evolution taking place in different mitochondrial clades of this species complex. The host specificity of these clades is reviewed, demonstrating that, although each clade has its preferred host, there is a range of specificity to different salmonids, providing opportunities for complex patterns of survival and interbreeding in Scandinavia. At the same time, we identify trends in systematics and phylogeny relevant to the G. salaris epidemics on Atlantic salmon in Norway, which can be applied more generally to parasite epidemiology and evolution. Although much of gyrodactylid research in the last 30 years has been directed towards salmonid parasites, there is great potential in using other experimental systems, such as the gyrodactylids of poeciliids and sticklebacks. We also highlight the role of glacial lakes and modified river systems during the ice ages in gyrodactylid speciation, and suggest that salmon infecting clades of G. salaris first arose from G. thymalli in such lakes, but failed to spread fully across Scandinavia before further dispersal was ended by rising sea levels. This dispersal has been continued by human activity, leading to the appearance of G. salaris as a pathogen in Norway. We review the history and current status of the epidemic, and current strategies for elimination of the parasite from Norway. Finally, we consider opportunities for further spread of the parasite within and beyond Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Bakke
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
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Dreyer C, Hoffmann M, Lanz C, Willing EM, Riester M, Warthmann N, Sprecher A, Tripathi N, Henz SR, Weigel D. ESTs and EST-linked polymorphisms for genetic mapping and phylogenetic reconstruction in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:269. [PMID: 17686157 PMCID: PMC1994688 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a well-known model organism for studying inheritance and variation of male ornamental traits as well as adaptation to different river habitats. However, genomic resources for studying this important model were not previously widely available. RESULTS With the aim of generating molecular markers for genetic mapping of the guppy, cDNA libraries were constructed from embryos and different adult organs to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs). About 18,000 ESTs were annotated according to BLASTN and BLASTX results and the sequence information from the 3' UTRs was exploited to generate PCR primers for re-sequencing of genomic DNA from different wild type strains. By comparison of EST-linked genomic sequences from at least four different ecotypes, about 1,700 polymorphisms were identified, representing about 400 distinct genes. Two interconnected MySQL databases were built to organize the ESTs and markers, respectively. A robust phylogeny of the guppy was reconstructed, based on 10 different nuclear genes. CONCLUSION Our EST and marker databases provide useful tools for genetic mapping and phylogenetic studies of the guppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dreyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Margarete Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Christa Lanz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Willing
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Markus Riester
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Norman Warthmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Andrea Sprecher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Namita Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Stefan R Henz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, D72076, Germany
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King TA, Cable J. Experimental infections of the monogenean Gyrodactylus turnbulli indicate that it is not a strict specialist. Int J Parasitol 2006; 37:663-72. [PMID: 17224155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parasites represent a threat to endangered fish species, particularly when the parasite can host switch and the new host is vulnerable. If the parasite is highly host specific then successful host switching should be a rare occurrence; however, the host range of many parasites which are assumed to be specialists has never been tested. This includes the monogenean Gyrodactylus turnbulli, a well-studied ectoparasite found caudally on its known host, the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. In this study, we monitored parasite establishment and reproduction on a range of poeciliids and more distantly related fish. Individually maintained fish were experimentally infected with a single parasite and monitored daily to establish whether G. turnbulli could survive and reproduce on other fish species. Gyrodactylus turnbulli can infect a wider range of hosts than previously considered, highlighting the fact that host specificity can never be assumed unless experimentally tested. Our findings also have significant implications for parasite transmission to novel hosts and provide further insight into the evolutionary origins of this ubiquitous group of fish pathogens. Previous molecular evidence indicates that host switching is the key mechanism for speciation within the genus Gyrodactylus. Until recently, most Gyrodactylus spp. were assumed to be narrowly host specific. However, our findings suggest that even so-called specialist species, such as G. turnbulli, may represent a threat to vulnerable fish stocks. In view of the potential importance of host switching under artificial conditions, we propose to describe this as 'artificial ecological transfer' as opposed to 'natural ecological transfer', host switching under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A King
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK.
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Alexander HJ, Taylor JS, Wu SST, Breden F. PARALLEL EVOLUTION AND VICARIANCE IN THE GUPPY (POECILIA RETICULATA) OVER MULTIPLE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shoji A, Yokoyama J, Kawata M. Molecular Phylogeny and Genetic Divergence of the Introduced Populations of Japanese Guppies, Poecilia reticulata. CONSERV GENET 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-006-9166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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David MacLaren R, Rowland WJ. Female Preference for Male Lateral Projection Area in the Shortfin Molly, Poecilia mexicana: Evidence for a Pre-existing Bias in Sexual Selection. Ethology 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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RUSSELL STEPHENT, RAMNARINE INDARW, MAHABIR RAJINDRA, MAGURRAN ANNEE. Genetic detection of sperm from forced copulations between sympatric populations of Poecilia reticulata and Poecilia picta. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mank JE, Hall DW, Kirkpatrick M, Avise JC. Sex chromosomes and male ornaments: a comparative evaluation in ray-finned fishes. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:233-6. [PMID: 16555792 PMCID: PMC1560031 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that the mechanism of genetic sex determination can substantially influence the evolution of sexually selected traits. For example, female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW) can favour the evolution of extreme male traits under Fisher's runaway model of sexual selection. We empirically test whether the genetic system of sex determination has played a role in the evolution of exaggerated male ornaments in actinopterygiian fishes, a clade in which both female-heterogametic and male-heterogametic systems of sex determination have evolved multiple times. Using comparative methods both uncorrected and corrected for phylogenetic non-independence, we detected no significant correlation between sex-chromosome systems and sexually selected traits in males. Results suggest that sex-determination mechanism is at best a relatively minor factor affecting the outcomes of sexual selection in ray-finned fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Mank
- Department of Genetics, Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Alexander HJ, Taylor JS, Sze-Tsun Wu S, Breden F. PARALLEL EVOLUTION AND VICARIANCE IN THE GUPPY (POECILIA RETICULATA) OVER MULTIPLE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/06-288.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lindholm AK, Breden F, Alexander HJ, Chan WK, Thakurta SG, Brooks R. Invasion success and genetic diversity of introduced populations of guppies Poecilia reticulata in Australia. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:3671-82. [PMID: 16202088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High genetic diversity is thought to characterize successful invasive species, as the potential to adapt to new environments is enhanced and inbreeding is reduced. In the last century, guppies, Poecilia reticulata, repeatedly invaded streams in Australia and elsewhere. Quantitative genetic studies of one Australian guppy population have demonstrated high additive genetic variation for autosomal and Y-linked morphological traits. The combination of colonization success, high heritability of morphological traits, and the possibility of multiple introductions to Australia raised the prediction that neutral genetic diversity is high in introduced populations of guppies. In this study we examine genetic diversity at nine microsatellite and one mitochondrial locus for seven Australian populations. We used mtDNA haplotypes from the natural range of guppies and from domesticated varieties to identify source populations. There were a minimum of two introductions, but there was no haplotype diversity within Australian populations, suggesting a founder effect. This was supported by microsatellite markers, as allelic diversity and heterozygosity were severely reduced compared to one wild source population, and evidence of recent bottlenecks was found. Between Australian populations little differentiation of microsatellite allele frequencies was detected, suggesting that population admixture has occurred historically, perhaps due to male-biased gene flow followed by bottlenecks. Thus success of invasion of Australia and high additive genetic variance in Australian guppies are not associated with high levels of diversity at molecular loci. This finding is consistent with the release of additive genetic variation by dominance and epistasis following inbreeding, and with disruptive and negative frequency-dependent selection on fitness traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Lindholm
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Cable J, van Oosterhout C, Barson N, Harris PD. Gyrodactylus pictae n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from the Trinidadian swamp guppy Poecilia picta Regan, with a discussion on species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 and their poeciliid hosts. Syst Parasitol 2005; 60:159-64. [PMID: 15864453 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-004-6348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gyrodactylus pictae n. sp. is recorded from Poecilia picta in heterospecific shoals with the guppy P. reticulata in Northern Trinidad. G. pictae is morphologically similar to G. turnbulli Harris, 1986, but the hamuli and marginal hooks are slightly smaller and more gracile. The toe and the point of the marginal hook have a distinctly different shape, providing the best morphological characters for distinguishing the two species. The rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 sequences differ from those of G. turnbulli (the closest relative) by >5, suggesting that these two taxa are not sibling species. The origin of the two species on poeciliids of the subgenus Micropoecilia is discussed, and it is suggested that this may represent a case of host-parasite co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
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Walter RB, Rains JD, Russell JE, Guerra TM, Daniels C, Johnston DA, Kumar J, Wheeler A, Kelnar K, Khanolkar VA, Williams EL, Hornecker JL, Hollek L, Mamerow MM, Pedroza A, Kazianis S. A microsatellite genetic linkage map for Xiphophorus. Genetics 2005; 168:363-72. [PMID: 15454549 PMCID: PMC1448116 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.103.019349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies hybrids between distinct species of the genus Xiphophorus are often used in varied research investigations to identify genomic regions associated with the inheritance of complex traits. There are 24 described Xiphophorus species and a greater number of pedigreed strains; thus, the number of potential interspecies hybrid cross combinations is quite large. Previously, select Xiphophorus experimental crosses have been shown to exhibit differing characteristics between parental species and among the hybrid fishes derived from crossing them, such as widely differing susceptibilities to chemical or physical agents. For instance, genomic regions harboring tumor suppressor and oncogenes have been identified via linkage association of these loci with a small set of established genetic markers. The power of this experimental strategy is related to the number of genetic markers available in the Xiphophorus interspecies cross of interest. Thus, we have undertaken the task of expanding the suite of easily scored markers by characterization of Xiphophorus microsatellite sequences. Using a cross between Xiphophorus maculatus and X. andersi, we report a linkage map predominantly composed of microsatellite markers. All 24 acrocentric chromosome sets of Xiphophorus are represented in the assembled linkage map with an average intergenomic distance of 7.5 cM. Since both male and female F1 hybrids were used to produce backcross progeny, these recombination rates were compared between "male" and "female" maps. Although several genomic regions exhibit differences in map length, male- and female-derived maps are similar. Thus Xiphophorus, in contrast to zebrafish, Danio rerio, and several other vertebrate species, does not show sex-specific differences in recombination. The microsatellite markers we report can be easily adapted to any Xiphophorus interspecies and some intraspecies crosses, and thus provide a means to directly compare results derived from independent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Walter
- Molecular Biosciences Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos 78666, USA.
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Lucinda PHF, Reis RE. Systematics of the subfamily Poeciliinae Bonaparte (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), with an emphasis on the tribe Cnesterodontini Hubbs. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252005000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteological and soft anatomical features of representatives of poeciliine genera were studied to test the monophyly of the poeciliine tribes and to advance a hypothesis of relationships within the subfamily. The resultant hypothesis supports the proposal of a new classification for the subfamily Poeciliinae. Diagnoses are provided for suprageneric clades. The tribe Tomeurini is resurrected and the new tribes Brachyrhaphini and Priapichthyini as well as the supertribe Poeciliini are described. New usages of old tribe names are proposed based on the phylogenetic framework.
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Alexander HJ, Breden F. Sexual isolation and extreme morphological divergence in the Cumana guppy: a possible case of incipient speciation. J Evol Biol 2005; 17:1238-54. [PMID: 15525409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that sexual selection can promote the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation. Those cases in which sexual selection has led to speciation should be characterized by significant differentiation in male display traits and correlated female preferences in the absence of post-zygotic isolation, accompanied by little genetic or other morphological differentiation. Previous evidence indicates that a cluster of populations of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters) from Cumana, Venezuela, the 'Cumana guppy', differs significantly in female preferences from a nearby guppy population (A. Lindholm & F. Breden, Am. Nat., 160: 2002, S214). Here, we further document sexual isolation between these populations. In addition, these populations exhibit significant divergence in male display traits correlated to differences in between-population mating success, little mitochondrial genetic differentiation, and we find no evidence for genetic incompatibility between a Cumana population and several geographically isolated populations. These results suggest that divergent sexual selection has contributed to differentiation of the Cumana guppy, and this may be the first example of incipient speciation in the guppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Alexander
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
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Lindholm AK, Brooks R, Breden F. Extreme polymorphism in a Y-linked sexually selected trait. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 92:156-62. [PMID: 14735138 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Males of the livebearing fish, Poecilia parae, exhibit one of the most complex polymorphisms known to occur within populations, whereas females are monomorphic. We describe five distinct male colour morphs and an associated size dimorphism, and demonstrate through pedigree analysis that the locus or loci controlling the male colour polymorphism is linked to the Y-chromosome. Field surveys from 1999 to 2002 of nine populations in Guyana and Suriname, South America, indicate that some morphs are consistently abundant and others are rare, implying that the colour polymorphism has important fitness consequences. By rearing offspring of field-inseminated females, we showed that the common morph is also the most successful morph in terms of reproduction. However, dichotomous choice tests show that two rare morphs are preferred by females over the common morph. These results suggest that alternative male mating strategies, sperm competition, overt male-male competition, or other processes are overriding female preferences in these populations. Furthermore, Y-linkage of the colour polymorphism in P. parae supports the hypothesis that heterogametic sex chromosomes harbour sexually antagonistic traits beneficial to the heterogametic sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lindholm
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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