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Chen PW, Lin CF. Characterization of a novel theta-type replicon of indigenous plasmid pTE15 from Lactobacillus reuteri N16. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 36510154 PMCID: PMC9743546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND pTE15 is a ~ 15-kb narrow-host-range indigenous plasmid from Lactobacillus reuteri N16 that does not replicate in selected Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and other Lactobacillus spp. METHODS Combined deletion analysis the minireplicon essential of pTE15 with replicon-probe vector pUE80 (-) to confirmed sufficient for replication and from the ssDNA intermediate detection, plasmid amplification tested by chloramphenicol treatment, and replication origin sequence analysis to delineated the novel theta-type replication of pTE15. RESULTS Single-stranded intermediate of pTE15 DNA was not detected in L. reuteri, indicating that this plasmid does not replicate via a rolling circle mechanism. The replicon of pTE15 did not display the structural organization typical of rolling-circle plasmids, nor were they similar to known rolling-circle plasmids. We further provided evidence that this plasmid applied a new mode of theta-type replication mechanism: (1) the size of this plasmid was > 10-kb; (2) the minireplicon consisted of AT-rich (directed repeat, iteron) and DnaA sequences; (3) the minireplicon did not contain double-strand origin (DSO) and essential rep genes, and it also showed no single-strand origin (SSO) structure; (4) the intermediate single-stranded DNA products were not observed for pTE15 replication; (5) the minireplicon did not contain a typical essential replication protein, Rep, (6) its copy number was decreased by chloramphenicol treatment, and (7) genes in pTE15 replication region encoded truncated RepA (TRepA), RepB and RepC, which were replication-associated proteins, but they were not essential for pTE15 replication. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results strongly suggested that the indigenous plasmid pTE15 of L. reuteri N16 belongs to a new class of theta replicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40249 Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan ,grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Animal disease diagnostic center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
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Štšepetova J, Taelma H, Smidt I, Hütt P, Lapp E, Aotäht E, Mändar R. Assessment of phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic susceptibility of vaginalLactobacillussp. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:524-534. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Štšepetova
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies; Tartu Estonia
| | - H. Taelma
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - I. Smidt
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies; Tartu Estonia
| | - P. Hütt
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - E. Lapp
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - E. Aotäht
- Tartu Health Care Colleges; Tartu Estonia
| | - R. Mändar
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies; Tartu Estonia
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Landete JM. A review of food-grade vectors in lactic acid bacteria: from the laboratory to their application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:296-308. [PMID: 26918754 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1144044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long history of use in fermented foods and as probiotics. Genetic manipulation of these microorganisms has great potential for new applications in food safety, as well as in the development of improved food products and in health. While genetic engineering of LAB could have a major positive impact on the food and pharmaceutical industries, progress could be prevented by legal issues related to the controversy surrounding this technology. The safe use of genetically modified LAB requires the development of food-grade cloning systems containing only the DNA from homologous hosts or generally considered as safe organisms, and not dependent antibiotic markers. The rationale for the development of cloning vectors derived from cryptic LAB plasmids is the need for new genetic engineering tools, therefore a vision from cryptic plasmids to applications in food-grade vectors for LAB plasmids is shown in this review. Replicative and integrative vectors for the construction of food-grade vectors, and the relationship between resistance mechanism and expression systems, will be treated in depth in this paper. Finally, we will discuss the limited use of these vectors, and the problems arising from their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maria Landete
- a Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos , Instituto Nacional De Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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SUKMARINI LINDA, MUSTOPA APONZAENAL, NORMAWATI MARIDHA, MUZDALIFAH IKRIMAH. Identification of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes from Lactic Acid Bacteria in Indonesian Fermented Foods. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.21.3.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Wu CM, Lin CF, Chang YC, Chung TC. Construction and Characterization of Nisin-Controlled Expression Vectors for Use inLactobacillus reuteri. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:757-67. [PMID: 16636439 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Nisin-controlled gene expression (NICE) system, which was discovered in Lactococcus lactis, was adapted to Lactobacillus reuteri by ligating nisA promoter (PnisA) and nisRK DNA fragments into the Escherichia coli-Lb. reuteri shuttle vector pSTE32. This chimerical plasmid (pNICE) was capable of expressing the heterologous amylase gene (amyL) under nisin induction. Optimization of induction factors for this Lb. reuteri/pNICE system, including nisin concentration (viz. 50 ng/ml), growth phase of culture at which nisin be added (viz. at the early exponential phase), and the best time for analyzing the gene product after inoculation (viz. at the 3rd h), allowed the amylase product to be expressed in high amounts, constituting up to about 18% of the total intracellular protein. Furthermore, the signal peptide (SP) of amyL gene (SPamyL) from Bacillus licheniformis was ligated to the downstream of PnisA in pNICE, upgrading this vector to a NICE-secretion (NIES) level, which was then designated pNIES (Sec+, secretion positive). Characterization of pNIES using an amyL-SPDelta gene (amyL gene lacking its SP) as a reporter revealed the 3rd h after induction as the secretion peak of this system, at which the secretion efficiency and the amount of alpha-amylase being secreted into the culture supernatant were estimated to reach 77.6% and 27.75 mg/l. Expression and secretion of AmyL products by pNIES in Lb. reuteri was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC
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Chang YC, Huang JY, Chiou MT, Chung TC, Hsu WL, Lin CF. Characterization of a small cryptic plasmid pK50-2 isolated from Lactobacillus reuteri K50. Plasmid 2013; 69:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eom HJ, Moon JS, Cho SK, Kim JH, Han NS. Construction of theta-type shuttle vector for Leuconostoc and other lactic acid bacteria using pCB42 isolated from kimchi. Plasmid 2012; 67:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Botina SG, Poluektova EU, Glazova AA, Zakharevich NV, Koroban NV, Zinchenko VV, Babykin MM, Zhilenkova OG, Amerkhanova AM, Danilenko VN. Antibiotic resistance of potential probiotic bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus from human gastrointestinal microbiome. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Eom HJ, Cho SK, Park MS, Ji GE, Han NS. Characterization of Leuconostoc citreum plasmid pCB18 and development of broad host range shuttle vector for lactic acid bacteria. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Shareck J, Choi Y, Lee B, Miguez CB. Cloning Vectors Based on Cryptic Plasmids Isolated from Lactic Acid Bacteria:Their Characteristics and Potential Applications in Biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 24:155-208. [PMID: 15707158 DOI: 10.1080/07388550490904288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram positive bacteria, widely distributed in nature, and industrially important as they are used in a variety of industrial food fermentations. The use of genetic engineering techniques is an effective means of enhancing the industrial applicability of LAB. However, when using genetic engineering technology, safety becomes an essential factor for the application of improved LAB to the food industry. Cloning and expression systems should be derived preferably from LAB cryptic plasmids that generally encode genes for which functions can be proposed, but no phenotypes can be observed. However, some plasmid-encoded functions have been discovered in cryptic plasmids originating from Lactobacillus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Pediococcus spp. and can be used as selective marker systems in vector construction. This article presents information concerning LAB cryptic plasmids, and their structures, functions, and applications. A total of 134 cryptic plasmids collated are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Shareck
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Casas IA, Dobrogosz WJ. Validation of the Probiotic Concept:Lactobacillus reuteriConfers Broad-spectrum Protection against Disease in Humans and Animals. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600050216246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J. Dobrogosz
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Ruiz-Moyano S, Martín A, Benito MJ, Casquete R, Serradilla MJ, Córdoba MDG. Safety and functional aspects of pre-selected lactobacilli for probiotic use in Iberian dry-fermented sausages. Meat Sci 2009; 83:460-7. [PMID: 20416680 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate lactobacilli for potential probiotic use in Iberian dry-fermented sausages. A total of 18 strains, previously selected, isolated from different sources were evaluated according to safety and functional characteristics including biogenic amines and d-lactic acid production, antibiotic susceptibility, haemolysis, cell adhesion, and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. The strains Lactobacillus reuteri PL519, L. reuteri PL542, and Lactobacillus fermentum HL57 were able to establish their self on the intestinal epithelium, and an inhibition of such pathogenic bacteria as Listeria monocytogenesin vitro. These strains were also considered safe to be used with regard to their low aminogenic potential and d-lactic acid production, antibiotic resistance pattern and haemolytic activity. Thus, they were selected as a potential probiotic meat starter culture suitable for manufacture of dry-fermented Iberian sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ruiz-Moyano
- Nutrición y Bromatología., Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres s/n., 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Understanding the industrial application potential of lactic acid bacteria through genomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:597-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Weaver KE, Kwong SM, Firth N, Francia MV. The RepA_N replicons of Gram-positive bacteria: a family of broadly distributed but narrow host range plasmids. Plasmid 2009; 61:94-109. [PMID: 19100285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids of Enterococcus faecalis and the multiresistance plasmids pSK1 and pSK41 of Staphylococcus aureus are among the best studied plasmids native to Gram-positive bacteria. Although these plasmids seem largely restricted to their native hosts, protein sequence comparison of their replication initiator proteins indicates that they are clearly related. Homology searches indicate that these replicons are representatives of a large family of plasmids and a few phage that are widespread among the low G+C Gram-positive bacteria. We propose to name this family the RepA_N family of replicons after the annotated conserved domain that the initiator protein contains. Detailed sequence comparisons indicate that the initiator protein phylogeny is largely congruent with that of the host, suggesting that the replicons have evolved along with their current hosts and that intergeneric transfer has been rare. However, related proteins were identified on chromosomal regions bearing characteristics indicative of ICE elements, and the phylogeny of these proteins displayed evidence of more frequent intergeneric transfer. Comparison of stability determinants associated with the RepA_N replicons suggests that they have a modular evolution as has been observed in other plasmid families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Weaver
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
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15
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Wu C, Chung T. Mice protected by oral immunization with Lactobacillus reuteri secreting fusion protein of Escherichia coli enterotoxin subunit protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:354-65. [PMID: 17651125 PMCID: PMC7110380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was ligated to the Lactobacillus reuteri‐specific nisin‐inducible expression‐secretion vector pNIES, generating a pNIES‐GFP vector capable of secreting the cloned gene as a GFP‐fusion protein with fluorescent activity. To develop this system as a live vehicle carrying the heat‐stable enterotoxin (ST) and heat‐labile enterotoxin B (LTB) of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a recombinant 5′‐ST‐LTB‐3′ DNA fragment was cloned into pNIES‐GFP. The resulting L. reuteri/pNIES‐GFP:STLTB system was found to possess the capability of adhering to the mice gut, secreting GFP:STLTB product at 0.14 and 0.026 pgcell−1 under induced and noninduced conditions, respectively. Further analysis of the GFP:STLTB product confirmed its ganglioside‐binding ability, LTB antigenicity and relative freedom from the ST‐associated toxicity, making it suitable for use as an oral vaccine in mice. Oral inoculation of the L. reuteri/pNIES‐GFP:STLTB culture in mice elicited significant (P<0.01) serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies against the STLTB antigen. These immunized mice were subsequently challenged with ETEC and showed full protection against the fluid influx response in the gut. This is the first report of using L. reuteri as a vaccine carrier to induce complete immunologic protection against ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Ming Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung‐Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung‐Ching Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung‐Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee JH, Halgerson JS, Kim JH, O'Sullivan DJ. Comparative sequence analysis of plasmids from Lactobacillus delbrueckii and construction of a shuttle cloning vector. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4417-24. [PMID: 17526779 PMCID: PMC1932812 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00099-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While plasmids are very commonly associated with the majority of the lactic acid bacteria, they are only very rarely associated with Lactobacillus delbrueckii, with only four characterized to date. In this study, the complete sequence of a native plasmid, pDOJ1, from a strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was determined. It consisted of a circular DNA molecule of 6,220 bp with a G+C content of 44.6% and a characteristic ori and encoded six open reading frames (ORFs), of which functions could be predicted for three-a mobilization (Mob) protein, a transposase, and a fused primase-helicase replication protein. Comparative analysis of pDOJ1 and the other available L. delbrueckii plasmids (pLBB1, pJBL2, pN42, and pLL1212) revealed a very similar organization and amino acid identities between 85 and 98% for the putative proteins of all six predicted ORFs from pDOJ1, reflecting a common origin for L. delbrueckii plasmids. Analysis of the fused primase-helicase replication gene found a similar fused organization only in the theta replicating group B plasmids from Streptococcus thermophilus. This observation and the ability of the replicon to function in S. thermophilus support the idea that the origin of plasmids in L. delbrueckii was likely from S. thermophilus. This may reflect the close association of these two species in dairy fermentations, particularly yogurt production. As no vector based on plasmid replicons from L. delbrueckii has previously been constructed, an Escherichia coli-L. delbrueckii shuttle cloning vector, pDOJ4, was constructed from pDOJ1, the p15A ori, the chloramphenicol resistance gene of pCI372, and the lacZ polylinker from pUC18. This cloning vector was successfully introduced into E. coli, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, and Lactococcus lactis. This shuttle cloning vector provides a new tool for molecular analysis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and other lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Cargill Building for Microbial and Plant Genomics, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Klare I, Konstabel C, Werner G, Huys G, Vankerckhoven V, Kahlmeter G, Hildebrandt B, Müller-Bertling S, Witte W, Goossens H. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Lactococcus human isolates and cultures intended for probiotic or nutritional use. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:900-12. [PMID: 17369278 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine MICs of 16 antimicrobials representing all major classes for 473 taxonomically well-characterized isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) encompassing the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Lactococcus. To propose tentative epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values for recognizing intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistances in numerically dominant species. METHODS On the basis of depositors' information, LAB were grouped in categories of probiotic, nutritional, probiotic or nutritional research, human and animal isolates and tested for their antibiotic susceptibilities by broth microdilution using LAB susceptibility test medium (LSM). Tentative ECOFFs were defined according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Isolates showing acquired antimicrobial resistance(s) were selected for PCR-based detection of resistance gene(s) and in vitro conjugative transfer experiments. RESULTS Tentative ECOFF values of 13 antibiotics were determined for up to 12 LAB species. Generally, LAB were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, quinupristin/dalfopristin, chloramphenicol and linezolid. LAB exhibited broad or partly species-dependent MIC profiles of trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, teicoplanin and fusidic acid. Three probiotic Lactobacillus strains were highly resistant to streptomycin. Although erythromycin, clindamycin and oxytetracycline possessed high antimicrobial activities, 17 Lactobacillus isolates were resistant to one or more of these antibiotics. Eight of them, including six probiotic and nutritional cultures, possessed erm(B) and/or tet(W), tet(M) or unidentified members of the tet(M) group. In vitro intra- and interspecies filter-mating experiments failed to show transfer of resistance determinants. CONCLUSIONS Finding of acquired resistance genes in isolates intended for probiotic or nutritional use highlights the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in documenting the safety of commercial LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Klare
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany.
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Ammor MS, Flórez AB, Mayo B. Antibiotic resistance in non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Food Microbiol 2006; 24:559-70. [PMID: 17418306 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, human life expectancy and quality of life have increased dramatically due to improvements in nutrition and the use of antibiotics in the fight against infectious diseases. However, the heyday of antibiotic treatment is on the wane due to the appearance and spread of resistance among harmful microorganisms. At present, there is great concern that commensal bacterial populations from food and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria, could act as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. Resistances could ultimately be transferred to human pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria hampering the treatment of infections. LAB species have traditionally been used as starter cultures in the production of fermented feed and foodstuffs. Further, LAB and bifidobacteria are normal inhabitants of the GIT where they are known to exert health-promoting effects, and selected strains are currently been used as probiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes carried by LAB and bifidobacteria can be transferred to human pathogenic bacteria either during food manufacture or during passage through the GIT. The aim of this review is to address well-stated and recent knowledge on antibiotic resistance in typical LAB and bifidobacteria species. Therefore, the commonest antibiotic resistance profiles, the distinction between intrinsic and atypical resistances, and some of the genetic determinants already discovered will all be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salim Ammor
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), Carretera de Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
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Cauwerts K, Pasmans F, Devriese LA, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Cloacal Lactobacillus isolates from broilers show high prevalence of resistance towards macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics. Avian Pathol 2006; 35:160-4. [PMID: 16595310 DOI: 10.1080/03079450600598137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-seven Lactobacillus strains isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens derived from 20 different farms in Belgium were identified to species level and tested for susceptibility to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics. Five different Lactobacillus species were identified as being predominantly present in the cloacae of broilers: Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus gallinarum and Lactobacillu sreuteri. Acquired resistance prevalence to macrolides and lincosamides was very high in the investigated lactobacilli: 89% of the strains were resistant to either or both lincosamide and macrolide class antibiotics. The vast majority of these resistant strains (96%) displayed constitutive resistance. More than one-half of the macrolide and/or lincosamide resistant strains carried an erm(B), erm(C), mef(A), lnu(A) gene or a combination of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cauwerts
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Szczepanowski R, Krahn I, Linke B, Goesmann A, Pühler A, Schlüter A. Antibiotic multiresistance plasmid pRSB101 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant is related to plasmids residing in phytopathogenic bacteria and carries eight different resistance determinants including a multidrug transport system. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2005; 150:3613-3630. [PMID: 15528650 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ten different antibiotic resistance plasmids conferring high-level erythromycin resistance were isolated from an activated sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant by applying a transformation-based approach. One of these plasmids, designated pRSB101, mediates resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, roxythromycin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, spectinomycin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and low concentrations of norfloxacin. Plasmid pRSB101 was completely sequenced and annotated. Its size is 47 829 bp. Conserved synteny exists between the pRSB101 replication/partition (rep/par) module and the pXAC33-replicon from the phytopathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. The second pRSB101 backbone module encodes a three-Mob-protein type mobilization (mob) system with homology to that of IncQ-like plasmids. Plasmid pRSB101 is mobilizable with the help of the IncP-1alpha plasmid RP4 providing transfer functions in trans. A 20 kb resistance region on pRSB101 is located within an integron-containing Tn402-like transposon. The variable region of the class 1 integron carries the genes dhfr1 for a dihydrofolate reductase, aadA2 for a spectinomycin/streptomycin adenylyltransferase and bla(TLA-2) for a so far unknown Ambler class A extended spectrum beta-lactamase. The integron-specific 3'-segment (qacEDelta1-sul1-orf5Delta) is connected to a macrolide resistance operon consisting of the genes mph(A) (macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase I), mrx (hydrophobic protein of unknown function) and mphR(A) (regulatory protein). Finally, a putative mobile element with the tetracycline resistance genes tetA (tetracycline efflux pump) and tetR was identified upstream of the Tn402-specific transposase gene tniA. The second 'genetic load' region on pRSB101 harbours four distinct mobile genetic elements, another integron belonging to a new class and footprints of two more transposable elements. A tripartite multidrug (MDR) transporter consisting of an ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-type ATPase and permease, and an efflux membrane fusion protein (MFP) of the RND-family is encoded between the replication/partition and the mobilization module. Homologues of the macrolide resistance genes mph(A), mrx and mphR(A) were detected on eight other erythromycin resistance-plasmids isolated from activated sludge bacteria. Plasmid pRSB101-like repA amplicons were also obtained from plasmid-DNA preparations of the final effluents of the wastewater treatment plant indicating that pRSB101-like plasmids are released with the final effluents into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Szczepanowski
- Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Irene Krahn
- Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Burkhard Linke
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bioinformatics Resource Facility, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bioinformatics Resource Facility, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Ehrmann MA, Vogel RF. Molecular taxonomy and genetics of sourdough lactic acid bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ãataloluk O, Gogebakan B. Presence of drug resistance in intestinal lactobacilli of dairy and human origin in Turkey. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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Jang SJ, Ham MS, Lee JM, Chung SK, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Chang HC, Lee JH, Chung DK. New integration vector using a cellulase gene as a screening marker for Lactobacillus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 224:191-5. [PMID: 12892882 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The new integration vector for Lactobacillus, pJC4, was developed using the extracellular endoglucanase A gene (celA) of Clostridium thermocellum as a screening marker. pJC4 was transformed into four Lactobacillus species, Lb. johnsonii, Lb. gasseri, Lb. bulgaricus, and Lb. plantarum. In each species, the pJC4 integrants were easily and accurately detected by the appearance of a clear halo on a cellulase screening plate without any false transformants. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization indicated that all transformants with clear halos contained pJC4 in their chromosomal DNAs. The celA gene could be a useful screening marker for other lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Jang
- School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, South Korea
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Abstract
Bacteria used as probiotics or in starter cultures may serve as hosts of antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Before launching a starter culture or a probiotic product into the market, it is therefore important to verify that the single bacterial isolates (strains) do not contain transferable resistance genes. A study has been undertaken to establish the levels of susceptibility of Lactobacillus spp. to various antimicrobial agents. This is a prerequisite for differentiating putative transferable resistance from natural resistance. A selection of 62 strains has been screened with the use of the Etest (ABBiodisk, Stockholm, Sweden) for their susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents. The strains belonged to the following species: Lactobacillus plantarum/pentosus, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, L. sakei, L. curvatus and species of the L. acidophilus group: L. johnsonii, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. acidophilus. The results from the Etests have shown that the level of susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents is species-dependent. For the following antimicrobial agents, susceptibility varied several folds between species: vancomycin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, and clindamycin. The differences between the species were more subtle for the rest of the tested antimicrobial agents. On the basis of the result, it was possible to suggest minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) for the individual Lactobacillus species to be used as a microbiological breakpoint when screening strains for transferable resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Danielsen
- Identification Section, Applied Biotechnology, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
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Pérez-Arellano I, Zúñiga M, Pérez-Martínez G. Construction of compatible wide-host-range shuttle vectors for lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli. Plasmid 2001; 46:106-16. [PMID: 11591136 DOI: 10.1006/plas.2001.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new collection of shuttle cloning vectors has been constructed that can be used in a broad host range, because they carry replication origins which are functional in Escherichia coli (p15A, pWV01, ColE1), Lactococcus lactis, lactobacilli, and Bacillus subtilis (pAMbeta1, pWV01). These plasmids contain the lacZ-T1T2 cassette from pJDC9, which allows the X-gal selection and cloning of DNA fragments that could cause plasmid instability in E. coli. In addition, they have been proved to be structurally and segregationally stable in Lactobacillus casei, in which their copy number has been determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance markers (beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, and erythromycin transacetylase) and the theta and rolling circle replicating origins have been combined to obtain this set of compatible plasmids (pIA family) that can be cotransformed, both in lactic acid bacteria and in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pérez-Arellano
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
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