1
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Sholi E, Loveland AB, Korostelev AA. Assay for ribosome stimulation of angiogenin nuclease activity. Methods Enzymol 2024; 711:381-404. [PMID: 39952716 PMCID: PMC11839171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Angiogenin (RNase 5) is an unusual member of the RNase A family with very weak RNase activity and a preference for tRNA. The tRNAs cleaved by angiogenin are thought to have a variety of roles in cellular processes including translation reprogramming, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. We recently demonstrated that angiogenin is potently activated by the cytoplasmic 80S ribosome. Angiogenin's binding to the ribosome rearranges the C-terminus of the protein, opening the active site for the cleavage of tRNA delivered to the ribosomal A site which angiogenin occupies. Here, we describe the biochemical procedure to test angiogenin's activation by the ribosome using the assay termed the Ribosome Stimulated Angiogenin Nuclease Assay (RiSANA). RiSANA can be used to test the activity of wild-type or mutant angiogenin, or other RNases, against different tRNAs and with different ribosome complexes. For example, given that angiogenin has been implicated in anti-microbial activity, we tested the ability of bacterial 70S ribosomes to stimulate angiogenin activity and found that the E. coli ribosome does not stimulate angiogenin. We also assayed whether angiogenin's closest homolog, RNase 4, could be stimulated by the ribosome, but unlike angiogenin this enzyme was not further activated by the ribosome. The RiSANA assay promises to reveal new aspects of angiogenin mechanism and may aid in the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sholi
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Anna B Loveland
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, United States.
| | - Andrei A Korostelev
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, United States.
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2
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Loveland AB, Koh CS, Ganesan R, Jacobson A, Korostelev AA. Structural mechanism of angiogenin activation by the ribosome. Nature 2024; 630:769-776. [PMID: 38718836 PMCID: PMC11912008 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenin, an RNase-A-family protein, promotes angiogenesis and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and epigenetic inheritance1-10. After activation during cellular stress, angiogenin cleaves tRNAs at the anticodon loop, resulting in translation repression11-15. However, the catalytic activity of isolated angiogenin is very low, and the mechanisms of the enzyme activation and tRNA specificity have remained a puzzle3,16-23. Here we identify these mechanisms using biochemical assays and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Our study reveals that the cytosolic ribosome is the activator of angiogenin. A cryo-EM structure features angiogenin bound in the A site of the 80S ribosome. The C-terminal tail of angiogenin is rearranged by interactions with the ribosome to activate the RNase catalytic centre, making the enzyme several orders of magnitude more efficient in tRNA cleavage. Additional 80S-angiogenin structures capture how tRNA substrate is directed by the ribosome into angiogenin's active site, demonstrating that the ribosome acts as the specificity factor. Our findings therefore suggest that angiogenin is activated by ribosomes with a vacant A site, the abundance of which increases during cellular stress24-27. These results may facilitate the development of therapeutics to treat cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Loveland
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Cha San Koh
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robin Ganesan
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Allan Jacobson
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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3
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A Graphene Oxide-Angiogenin Theranostic Nanoplatform for the Therapeutic Targeting of Angiogenic Processes: The Effect of Copper-Supplemented Medium. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with different content in the defective carbon species bound to oxygen sp3 were functionalized with the angiogenin (ANG) protein, to create a novel nanomedicine for modulating angiogenic processes in cancer therapies. The GO@ANG nanocomposite was scrutinized utilizing UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. GO exhibits pro- or antiangiogenic effects, mostly attributed to the disturbance of ROS concentration, depending both on the total concentration (i.e., >100 ng/mL) as well as on the number of carbon species oxidized, that is, the C/O ratio. ANG is considered one of the most effective angiogenic factors that plays a vital role in the angiogenic process, often in a synergic role with copper ions. Based on these starting hypotheses, the GO@ANG nanotoxicity was assessed with the MTT colorimetric assay, both in the absence and in the presence of copper ions, by in vitro cellular experiments on human prostatic cancer cells (PC-3 line). Laser confocal microscopy (LSM) cell imaging evidenced an enhanced internationalization of GO@ANG than bare GO nanosheets, as well as significant changes in cell cytoskeleton organization and mitochondrial staining compared to the cell treatments with free ANG.
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4
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Sievers K, Ficner R. Structure of angiogenin dimer bound to double-stranded RNA. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:330-337. [PMID: 36048083 PMCID: PMC9435672 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22008317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin is an unusual member of the RNase A family and is of great interest in multiple pathological contexts. Although it has been assigned various regulatory roles, its core catalytic function is that of an RNA endonuclease. However, its catalytic efficiency is comparatively low and this has been linked to a unique C-terminal helix which partially blocks its RNA-binding site. Assuming that binding to its RNA substrate could trigger a conformational rearrangement, much speculation has arisen on the topic of the interaction of angiogenin with RNA. To date, no structural data on angiogenin-RNA interactions have been available. Here, the structure of angiogenin bound to a double-stranded RNA duplex is reported. The RNA does not reach the active site of angiogenin and no structural arrangement of the C-terminal domain is observed. However, angiogenin forms a previously unobserved crystallographic dimer that makes several backbone interactions with the major and minor grooves of the RNA double helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sievers
- Department for Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department for Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Vanli N, Sheng J, Li S, Xu Z, Hu GF. Ribonuclease 4 is associated with aggressiveness and progression of prostate cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:625. [PMID: 35752711 PMCID: PMC9233706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen screening has resulted in a decrease in prostate cancer-related deaths. However, it also has led to over-treatment affecting the quality of life of many patients. New biomarkers are needed to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and to predict aggressiveness of the disease. Here, we report that ribonuclease 4 (RNASE4) serves as such a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target. RNASE4 protein level in the plasma is elevated in prostate cancer patients and is positively correlated with disease stage, grade, and Gleason score. Plasma RNASE4 level can be used to predict biopsy outcome and to enhance diagnosis accuracy. RNASE4 protein in prostate cancer tissues is enhanced and can differentiate prostate cancer and BPH. RNASE4 stimulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, induces tumor angiogenesis, and activates receptor tyrosine kinase AXL as well as AKT and S6K. An RNASE4-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits the growth of xenograft human prostate cancer cell tumors in athymic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Vanli
- Divison of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Divison of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Divison of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Divison of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Marzo T, Ferraro G, Cucci LM, Pratesi A, Hansson Ö, Satriano C, Merlino A, La Mendola D. Oxaliplatin inhibits angiogenin proliferative and cell migration effects in prostate cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111657. [PMID: 34784565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenin (Ang) is a potent angiogenic protein that is overexpressed in many types of cancer at concentration values correlated to the tumor aggressiveness. Here, by means of an integrated multi-technique approach based on crystallographic, spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses, we demonstrate that the anti-cancer drug oxaliplatin efficiently binds angiogenin. Microscopy cellular studies, carried out on the prostate cancer cell (PC-3) line , show that oxaliplatin inhibits the angiogenin prompting effect on cell proliferation and migration, which are typical features of angiogenesis process. Overall, our findings point to angiogenin as a possible target of oxaliplatin, thus suggesting a potential novel mechanism for the antineoplastic activity of this platinum drug and opening the avenue to novel approaches in the combined anti-cancer anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Lorena Maria Cucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Örjan Hansson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, PO Box 462, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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7
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Tabbì G, Cucci LM, Pinzino C, Munzone A, Marzo T, Pizzanelli S, Satriano C, Magrì A, La Mendola D. Peptides Derived from Angiogenin Regulate Cellular Copper Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9530. [PMID: 34502439 PMCID: PMC8430698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiogenin protein (ANG) is one of the most potent endogenous angiogenic factors. In this work we characterized by means of potentiometric, spectroscopic and voltammetric techniques, the copper complex species formed with peptide fragments derived from the N-terminal domain of the protein, encompassing the sequence 1-17 and having free amino, Ang1-17, or acetylated N-terminus group, AcAng1-17, so to explore the role of amino group in metal binding and cellular copper uptake. The obtained data show that amino group is the main copper anchoring site for Ang1-17. The affinity constant values, metal coordination geometry and complexes redox-potentials strongly depend, for both peptides, on the number of copper equivalents added. Confocal laser scanning microscope analysis on neuroblastoma cells showed that in the presence of one equivalent of copper ion, the free amino Ang1-17 increases cellular copper uptake while the acetylated AcAng1-17 strongly decreases the intracellular metal level. The activity of peptides was also compared to that of the protein normally present in the plasma (wtANG) as well as to the recombinant form (rANG) most commonly used in literature experiments. The two protein isoforms bind copper ions but with a different coordination environment. Confocal laser scanning microscope data showed that the wtANG induces a strong increase in intracellular copper compared to control while the rANG decreases the copper signal inside cells. These data demonstrate the relevance of copper complexes' geometry to modulate peptides' activity and show that wtANG, normally present in the plasma, can affect cellular copper uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tabbì
- Institute of Crystallography—National Council of Research—CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorena Maria Cucci
- Nano Hybrid BioInterfaces Lab (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Calogero Pinzino
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Council of Research—CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessia Munzone
- Aix-Marseille Univesité, 52 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pizzanelli
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Council of Research—CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Nano Hybrid BioInterfaces Lab (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Magrì
- Institute of Crystallography—National Council of Research—CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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8
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Cucci LM, Trapani G, Hansson Ö, La Mendola D, Satriano C. Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Angiogenin for Wound Care Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 33466813 PMCID: PMC7830515 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to develop a hybrid theranostic nano-formulation based on gold nanoparticles (AuNP)-having a known anti-angiogenic character-and the angiogenin (ANG), in order to tune the angiogenesis-related phases involved in the multifaceted process of the wound healing. To this purpose, spherical were surface "decorated" with three variants of the protein, namely, the recombinant (rANG), the wild-type, physiologically present in the human plasma (wtANG) and a new mutant with a cysteine substitution of the serine at the residue 28 (S28CANG). The hybrid biointerface between AuNP and ANG was scrutinized by a multi-technique approach based on dynamic light scattering, spectroscopic (UV-visible, circular dichroism) and microscopic (atomic force and laser scanning confocal) techniques. The analyses of optical features of plasmonic gold nanoparticles allowed for discrimination of different adsorption modes-i.e.; predominant physisorption and/or chemisorption-triggered by the ANG primary sequence. Biophysical experiments with supported lipid bilayers (SLB), an artificial model of cell membrane, were performed by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring acoustic sensing technique. Cellular experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), in the absence or presence of copper-another co-player of angiogenesis-were carried out to assay the nanotoxicity of the hybrid protein-gold nanoassemblies as well as their effect on cell migration and tubulogenesis. Results pointed to the promising potential of these nanoplatforms, especially the new hybrid Au-S28CANG obtained with the covalent grafting of the mutant on the gold surface, for the modulation of angiogenesis processes in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Maria Cucci
- Laboratory of Hybrid NanoBioInterfaces (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Trapani
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Örjan Hansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | | | - Cristina Satriano
- Laboratory of Hybrid NanoBioInterfaces (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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9
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A Tunable Nanoplatform of Nanogold Functionalised with Angiogenin Peptides for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy of Brain Tumours. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091322. [PMID: 31500197 PMCID: PMC6770958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG), an endogenous protein that plays a key role in cell growth and survival, has been scrutinised here as promising nanomedicine tool for the modulation of pro-/anti-angiogenic processes in brain cancer therapy. Specifically, peptide fragments from the putative cell membrane binding domain (residues 60–68) of the protein were used in this study to obtain peptide-functionalised spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of about 10 nm and 30 nm in optical and hydrodynamic size, respectively. Different hybrid biointerfaces were fabricated by peptide physical adsorption (Ang60–68) or chemisorption (the cysteine analogous Ang60–68Cys) at the metal nanoparticle surface, and cellular assays were performed in the comparison with ANG-functionalised AuNPs. Cellular treatments were performed both in basal and in copper-supplemented cell culture medium, to scrutinise the synergic effect of the metal, which is another known angiogenic factor. Two brain cell lines were investigated in parallel, namely tumour glioblastoma (A172) and neuron-like differentiated neuroblastoma (d-SH-SY5Y). Results on cell viability/proliferation, cytoskeleton actin, angiogenin translocation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release pointed to the promising potentialities of the developed systems as anti-angiogenic tunable nanoplaftforms in cancer cells treatment.
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10
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Ferguson R, Holloway DE, Chandrasekhar A, Acharya KR, Subramanian V. The catalytic activity and secretion of zebrafish RNases are essential for their in vivo function in motor neurons and vasculature. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1107. [PMID: 30710110 PMCID: PMC6358602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (hANG), a member of the Ribonuclease A superfamily has angiogenic, neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. Mutations in hANG have been found in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) rnasel-1, 2 and 3 are orthologues of hANG and of these only Rnasel-1 and Rnasel-2 have been shown to be angiogenic. Herein we show that NCI-65828, a potent and specific small molecule inhibitor of hANG inhibits Rnasel-1 to a similar extent. Treatment of early zebrafish embryos with NCI-65828, or with terrein, a fungal metabolite which prevents the secretion of hANG, resulted in spinal neuron aberrations as well defects in trunk vasculature. Our detailed expression analysis and inhibitor studies suggest that Rnasel-1 plays important roles in neuronal migration and pathfinding as well as in angiogenesis in zebrafish. Our studies suggest the usefulness of the zebrafish as a model to dissect the molecular consequences of the ANG ALS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Ferguson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Daniel E Holloway
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Anand Chandrasekhar
- Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Vasanta Subramanian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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11
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Bradshaw WJ, Rehman S, Pham TTK, Thiyagarajan N, Lee RL, Subramanian V, Acharya KR. Structural insights into human angiogenin variants implicated in Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41996. [PMID: 28176817 PMCID: PMC5296752 DOI: 10.1038/srep41996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Angiogenin (ANG), a member of the Ribonuclease A superfamily (also known as RNase 5) are known to be associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, motor neurone disease) (sporadic and familial) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In our previous studies we have shown that ANG is expressed in neurons during neuro-ectodermal differentiation, and that it has both neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. In addition, in an extensive study on selective ANG-ALS variants we correlated the structural changes to the effects on neuronal survival and the ability to induce stress granules in neuronal cell lines. Furthermore, we have established that ANG-ALS variants which affect the structure of the catalytic site and either decrease or increase the RNase activity affect neuronal survival. Neuronal cell lines expressing the ANG-ALS variants also lack the ability to form stress granules. Here, we report a detailed experimental structural study on eleven new ANG-PD/ALS variants which will have implications in understanding the molecular basis underlying their role in PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Bradshaw
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Tram T K Pham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Lee
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vasanta Subramanian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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12
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La Mendola D, Arnesano F, Hansson Ö, Giacomelli C, Calò V, Mangini V, Magrì A, Bellia F, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Natile G, Rizzarelli E. Copper binding to naturally occurring, lactam form of angiogenin differs from that to recombinant protein, affecting their activity. Metallomics 2016; 8:118-24. [PMID: 26594037 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin is a member of the ribonuclease family and a normal constituent of human plasma. It is one of the most potent angiogenic factors known and is overexpressed in different types of cancers. Copper is also an essential cofactor in angiogenesis and, during this process, it is mobilized from inside to outside of the cell. To date, contrasting results have been reported about copper(ii) influencing angiogenin activity. However, in these studies, the recombinant form of the protein was used. Unlike recombinant angiogenin, that contains an extra methionine with a free terminal amino group, the naturally occurring protein present in human plasma starts with a glutamine residue that spontaneously cyclizes to pyroglutamate, a lactam derivative. Herein, we report spectroscopic evidence indicating that copper(ii) experiences different coordination environments in the two protein isoforms, and affects their RNase and angiogenic activity differently. These results show how relatively small differences between recombinant and wild type proteins can result in markedly different behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D La Mendola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ö Hansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, PO Box 462, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - V Calò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - V Mangini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - A Magrì
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - F Bellia
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - M L Trincavelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - G Natile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - E Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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13
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Tsika AC, Chatzileontiadou DSM, Leonidas DD, Spyroulias GA. NMR study of Met-1 human Angiogenin: (1)H, (13)C, (15)N backbone and side-chain resonance assignment. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2016; 10:379-383. [PMID: 27624767 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-016-9704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the high yield expression and preliminary structural analysis via solution hetero-nuclear NMR spectroscopy of the recombinant Met-1 human Angiogenin. The analysis reveals a well folded as well as, a monomeric polypeptide. Τhe sequence-specific assignment of its (1)H, (15)N and (13)C resonances at high percentage was obtained. Also, using TALOS+ its secondary structure elements were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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14
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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Tsirkone VG, Dossi K, Kassouni AG, Liggri PGV, Kantsadi AL, Stravodimos GA, Balatsos NAA, Skamnaki VT, Leonidas DD. The ammonium sulfate inhibition of human angiogenin. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3005-18. [PMID: 27483019 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the inhibition of human angiogenin by ammonium sulfate. The inhibitory potency of ammonium sulfate for human angiogenin (IC50 = 123.5 ± 14.9 mm) is comparable to that previously reported for RNase A (119.0 ± 6.5 mm) and RNase 2 (95.7 ± 9.3 mm). However, analysis of two X-ray crystal structures of human angiogenin in complex with sulfate anions (in acidic and basic pH environments, respectively) indicates an entirely distinct mechanism of inhibition. While ammonium sulfate inhibits the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase A and RNase 2 by binding to the active site of these enzymes, sulfate anions bind only to peripheral substrate anion-binding subsites of human angiogenin, and not to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky G Tsirkone
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Dossi
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Kassouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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15
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Yu L, Wang GD, Ruan J, Chen YB, Yang CP, Cao X, Wu H, Liu YH, Du ZL, Wang XP, Yang J, Cheng SC, Zhong L, Wang L, Wang X, Hu JY, Fang L, Bai B, Wang KL, Yuan N, Wu SF, Li BG, Zhang JG, Yang YQ, Zhang CL, Long YC, Li HS, Yang JY, Irwin DM, Ryder OA, Li Y, Wu CI, Zhang YP. Genomic analysis of snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) identifies genes and processes related to high-altitude adaptation. Nat Genet 2016; 48:947-52. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Liang S, Acharya KR. Structural basis of substrate specificity in porcine RNase 4. FEBS J 2016; 283:912-28. [PMID: 26748441 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RNase 4, a member of the RNase A superfamily with substrate preference for uridine, has roles in host defence, angiogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. It also exhibits the highest interspecies amino acid sequence similarity amongst RNase A family members. However, compared to other members of the RNase A family, including eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, eosinophil cationic protein and angiogenin, little is known about the molecular basis of substrate specificity in RNase 4. Here we report high to medium resolution structures of native porcine RNase 4 (PL3), a 'substrate-specificity' determining mutant D80A and their respective complexes with deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP) and deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate (dCMP). These structures provide insight into the structural basis of the uridine versus cytosine substrate specificity in RNase 4: in the D80A mutant (D80A•dCMP), the side chain of Arg101 is positioned further away from the substrate-binding pocket due to the loss of the Asp80 side chain, reducing the repulsion force on the less favoured dCMP from Arg101 and allowing the ligand to occupy the binding pocket. This can also explain the observation that the ligand in the D80A•dCMP complex is stabilized only by a small number of hydrogen bonds. Compared to the previously reported structure of the human RNase 4•2'-deoxyuridine 3'-phosphate complex, the structure of PL3•dUMP complex shows additional hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the protein. In addition, the interaction between Arg101 and the dUMP ligand is absent. These observed differences are probably the result of the flexibility and different 'positioning' of the phosphate group among the mononucleotide ligands. DATABASE The atomic coordinates and structure factors for PL3 (5AR6), D80A (5ARJ), PL3∙dUMP (5ARK) and D80A∙dCMP (5ARL) complexes have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA (http://www.rcsb.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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17
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Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML, Satriano C, Hansson Ö, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E, Martini C. ♦Copper (II) ions modulate Angiogenin activity in human endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Structural and molecular insights into the mechanism of action of human angiogenin-ALS variants in neurons. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1121. [PMID: 23047679 PMCID: PMC3493651 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in angiogenin (ANG), a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily, are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; sporadic and familial) and Parkinson's disease. We have previously shown that ANG is expressed in neurons during neuro-ectodermal differentiation, and that it has both neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. Here we report the atomic resolution structure of native ANG and 11 ANG-ALS variants. We correlate the structural changes to the effects on neuronal survival and the ability to induce stress granules in neuronal cell lines. ANG-ALS variants that affect the structure of the catalytic site and either decrease or increase the RNase activity affect neuronal survival. Neuronal cell lines expressing the ANG-ALS variants also lack the ability to form stress granules. Our structure–function studies on these ANG-ALS variants are the first to provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying their role in ALS. Mutations in human angiogenin are implicated in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thiyagarajan and colleagues show that structural differences between angiogenin variants affect neuronal survival, and the ability to induce stress granules in neuronal cell lines.
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19
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Thiyagarajan N, Acharya KR. Crystal structure of human angiogenin with an engineered loop exhibits conformational flexibility at the functional regions of the molecule. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 3:65-70. [PMID: 23772376 PMCID: PMC3668512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human angiogenin (ANG) is an angiogenic molecule and a ribonucleolytic enzyme with significant amino acid sequence identity to pancreatic RNase A, plays a critical role in the establishment and growth of tumours. An association between ANG and cancer has been observed in more than 25 clinical studies to date. In addition, ANG has now been shown to be implicated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Structural and biochemical studies so far have showed several distinguishing features of ANG molecule compared to RNase A and provided details of the putative cell binding site, active site, nuclear translocation sequence and the roles of residues in binding and cleaving RNA. A key finding elucidated from the structural study on ANG is the presence of a 'blocked' C-terminus (part of the active site apparatus) compared with RNase A. Here we report the crystal structure of ANG with an 'engineered-loop' from eosinophil derived neurotoxin (a homologue of ANG) which has resulted with local perturbations (conformational flexibility) at the cell binding site and at the C-terminus of the molecule. This experimental observation will now provide a new avenue to design compounds (potent inhibitors) through a structure guided drug design route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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20
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Iyer S, Holloway DE, Acharya KR. Crystal structures of murine angiogenin-2 and -3-probing 'structure--function' relationships amongst angiogenin homologues. FEBS J 2012; 280:302-18. [PMID: 23170778 PMCID: PMC3572582 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin (Ang) is a potent inducer of neovascularization. Point mutations in human Ang have been linked to cancer progression and two neurodegenerative diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Intensive structural and functional analyses of Ang have been paramount in assigning functions to this novel homologue of bovine pancreatic RNase A. However, inhibitor-binding studies with crystalline Ang (for designing potential anti-cancer drugs) have been hampered as a result of the inaccessibility of the active site. Experiments with the murine homologues of Ang have not only overcome the obvious practical limitations encountered when studying the role of a human protein in healthy individuals, but also the crystal structures of murine angiogenins (mAng and mAng-4) have revealed themselves to have greater potential for the visualization of small-molecule inhibitor binding at the active site. In the present study, we report the crystal structures of two more murine Ang paralogues, mAng-2 and mAng-3, at 1.6 and 1.8 Å resolution, respectively. These constitute the first crystal structures of an Ang with a zinc ion bound at the active site and provide some insight into the possible mode of inhibition of the ribonucleolytic activity of the enzyme by these divalent cations. Both structures show that the residues forming the putative P1, B1 and B2 subsites occupy positions similar to their counterparts in human Ang and are likely to have conserved roles. However, a less obtrusive conformation of the C-terminal segment in mAng-3 and the presence of a sulfate ion in the B1 subsite of mAng-2 suggest that these proteins have the potential to be used for inhibitor-binding studies. We also discuss the biological relevance of the structural similarities and differences between the different Ang homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Iyer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathUK
| | | | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathUK
- Correspondence K. Ravi Acharya, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK Fax: +44 (0) 1225 386 779 Tel: +44 (0) 1225 386 238 E-mail:
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21
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Ribonuclease 4 protects neuron degeneration by promoting angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival under stress. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:387-404. [PMID: 23143660 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Altered RNA processing is an underlying mechanism of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Missense mutations in a number of genes involved in RNA function and metabolisms are associated with ALS. Among these genes is angiogenin (ANG), the fifth member of the vertebrate-specific, secreted ribonuclease superfamily. ANG is an angiogenic ribonuclease, and both its angiogenic and ribonucleolytic activities are important for motor neuron health. Ribonuclease 4 (RNASE4), the fourth member of this superfamily, shares the same promoters with ANG and is co-expressed with ANG. However, the biological role of RNASE4 is unknown. To determine whether RNASE4 is involved in ALS pathogenesis, we sequenced the coding region of RNASE4 in ALS and control subjects and characterized the angiogenic, neurogenic, and neuroprotective activities of RNASE4 protein. We identified an allelic association of SNP rs3748338 with ALS and demonstrated that RNASE4 protein is able to induce angiogenesis in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. RNASE4 also induces neural differentiation of P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. Moreover, RNASE4 not only stimulates the formation of neurofilaments from mouse embryonic cortical neurons, but also protects hypothermia-induced degeneration. Importantly, systemic treatment with RNASE4 protein slowed weight loss and enhanced neuromuscular function of SOD1 (G93A) mice.
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22
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La Mendola D, Farkas D, Bellia F, Magrì A, Travaglia A, Hansson Ö, Rizzarelli E. Probing the Copper(II) Binding Features of Angiogenin. Similarities and Differences between a N-Terminus Peptide Fragment and the Recombinant Human Protein. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:128-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego La Mendola
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR-Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania,
Italy
| | - Daniel Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg,
Sweden
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Dipartimento di Scienze
Chimiche, Università di Catania,
Viale A. Doria 6, 95125
Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Magrì
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR-Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania,
Italy
| | - Alessio Travaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze
Chimiche, Università di Catania,
Viale A. Doria 6, 95125
Catania, Italy
| | - Örjan Hansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg,
Sweden
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze
Chimiche, Università di Catania,
Viale A. Doria 6, 95125
Catania, Italy
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23
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Binding of human angiogenin inhibits actin polymerization. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 495:74-81. [PMID: 20045391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin is a potent inducer of angiogenesis, a process of blood vessel formation. It interacts with endothelial and other cells and elicits a wide range of cellular responses including migration, proliferation, and tube formation. One important target of angiogenin is endothelial cell-surface actin and their interaction might be one of essential steps in angiogenin-induced neovascularization. Based on earlier indications that angiogenin promotes actin polymerization, we studied the binding interactions between angiogenin and actin in a wide range of conditions. We showed that at subphysiological KCl concentrations, angiogenin does not promote, but instead inhibits polymerization by sequestering G-actin. At low KCl concentrations angiogenin induces formation of unstructured aggregates, which, as shown by NMR, may be caused by angiogenin's propensity to form oligomers. Binding of angiogenin to preformed F-actin does not cause depolymerization of actin filaments though it causes their stiffening. Binding of tropomyosin and angiogenin to F-actin is not competitive at concentrations sufficient for saturation of actin filaments. These observations suggest that angiogenin may cause changes in the cell cytoskeleton by inhibiting polymerization of G-actin and changing the physical properties of F-actin.
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24
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D'Elia R, DeSchoolmeester ML, Zeef LAH, Wright SH, Pemberton AD, Else KJ. Expulsion of Trichuris muris is associated with increased expression of angiogenin 4 in the gut and increased acidity of mucins within the goblet cell. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:492. [PMID: 19852835 PMCID: PMC2774869 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichuris muris in the mouse is an invaluable model for infection of man with the gastrointestinal nematode Trichuris trichiura. Three T. muris isolates have been studied, the Edinburgh (E), the Japan (J) and the Sobreda (S) isolates. The S isolate survives to chronicity within the C57BL/6 host whereas E and J are expelled prior to reaching fecundity. How the S isolate survives so successfully in its host is unclear. Results Microarray analysis was used as a tool to identify genes whose expression could determine the differences in expulsion kinetics between the E and S T. muris isolates. Clear differences in gene expression profiles were evident as early as day 7 post-infection (p.i.). 43 probe sets associated with immune and defence responses were up-regulated in gut tissue from an E isolate-infected C57BL/6 mouse compared to tissue from an S isolate infection, including the message for the anti-microbial protein, angiogenin 4 (Ang4). This led to the identification of distinct differences in the goblet cell phenotype post-infection with the two isolates. Conclusion Differences in gene expression levels identified between the S and E-infected mice early during infection have furthered our knowledge of how the S isolate persists for longer than the E isolate in the C57BL/6 mouse. Potential new targets for manipulation in order to aid expulsion have been identified. Further we provide evidence for a potential new marker involving the acidity of the mucins within the goblet cell which may predict outcome of infection within days of parasite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo D'Elia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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25
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Jabeen T, Leonard P, Jamaluddin H, Acharya KR. Structure of mouse IP-10, a chemokine. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2008; 64:611-9. [PMID: 18560148 PMCID: PMC2665906 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444908007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP-10) belongs to the CXC class of chemokines and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of various immune and inflammatory responses. It is also a potent angiostatic factor with antifibrotic properties. The biological activities of IP-10 are exerted by interactions with the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR3 expressed on Th1 lymphocytes. IP-10 thus forms an attractive target for structure-based rational drug design of anti-inflammatory molecules. The crystal structure of mouse IP-10 has been determined and reveals a novel tetrameric association. In the tetramer, two conventional CXC chemokine dimers are associated through their N-terminal regions to form a 12-stranded elongated beta-sheet of approximately 90 A in length. This association differs significantly from the previously studied tetramers of human IP-10, platelet factor 4 and neutrophil-activating peptide-2. In addition, heparin- and receptor-binding residues were mapped on the surface of IP-10 tetramer. Two heparin-binding sites were observed on the surface and were present at the interface of each of the two beta-sheet dimers. The structure supports the formation of higher order oligomers of IP-10, as observed in recent in vivo studies with mouse IP-10, which will have functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Jabeen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, England
| | - Philip Leonard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, England
| | - Haryati Jamaluddin
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, England
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, England
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26
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Kazakou K, Holloway DE, Prior SH, Subramanian V, Acharya KR. Ribonuclease A homologues of the zebrafish: polymorphism, crystal structures of two representatives and their evolutionary implications. J Mol Biol 2008; 380:206-22. [PMID: 18508078 PMCID: PMC2582337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The widespread and functionally varied members of the ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily provide an excellent opportunity to study evolutionary forces at work on a conserved protein scaffold. Representatives from the zebrafish are of particular interest as the evolutionary distance from non-ichthyic homologues is large. We conducted an exhaustive survey of available zebrafish DNA sequences and found significant polymorphism among its four known homologues. In an extension of previous nomenclature, the variants have been named RNases ZF-1a–c,-2a–d,-3a–e and-4. We present the first X-ray crystal structures of zebrafish ribonucleases, RNases ZF-1a and-3e at 1.35-and 1.85 Å resolution, respectively. Structure-based clustering with ten other ribonuclease structures indicates greatest similarity to mammalian angiogenins and amphibian ribonucleases, and supports the view that all present-day ribonucleases evolved from a progenitor with three disulphide bonds. In their details, the two structures are intriguing melting-pots of features present in ribonucleases from other vertebrate classes. Whereas in RNase ZF-1a the active site is obstructed by the C-terminal segment (as observed in angiogenin), in RNase ZF-3e the same region is open (as observed in more catalytically efficient homologues). The progenitor of present-day ribonucleases is more likely to have had an obstructive C terminus, and the relatively high similarity (late divergence) of RNases ZF-1 and-3 infers that the active site unblocking event has happened independently in different vertebrate lineages.
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27
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Huang YC, Lin YM, Chang TW, Wu SJ, Lee YS, Chang MDT, Chen C, Wu SH, Liao YD. The flexible and clustered lysine residues of human ribonuclease 7 are critical for membrane permeability and antimicrobial activity. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:4626-4633. [PMID: 17150966 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607321200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous ribonucleases (RNases) play important roles in RNA metabolism, angiogenesis, neurotoxicity, and antitumor or antimicrobial activity. Only the antimicrobial RNases possess high positively charged residues, although their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we report on the role of cationic residues of human RNase7 (hRNase7) in its antimicrobial activity. It exerted antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast, even at 4 degrees C. The bacterial membrane became permeable to the DNA-binding dye SYTOX(R) Green in only a few minutes after bactericidal RNase treatment. NMR studies showed that the 22 positively charged residues (Lys(18) and Arg(4)) are distributed into three clusters on the surface of hRNase7. The first cluster, K(1),K(3),K(111),K(112), was located at the flexible coil near the N terminus, whereas the other two, K(32),K(35) and K(96),R(97),K(100), were located on rigid secondary structures. Mutagenesis studies showed that the flexible cluster K(1),K(3),K(111),K(112), rather than the catalytic residues His(15), Lys(38), and His(123) or other clusters such as K(32),K(35) and K(96),R(97),K(100), is critical for the bactericidal activity. We suggest that the hRNase7 binds to bacterial membrane and renders the membrane permeable through the flexible and clustered Lys residues K(1),K(3),K(111),K(112). The conformation of hRNase7 can be adapted for pore formation or disruption of bacterial membrane even at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chie Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, and
| | - Shih-Jung Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Chinpan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106 Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - You-Di Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, and.
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28
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Cash HL, Whitham CV, Hooper LV. Refolding, purification, and characterization of human and murine RegIII proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 48:151-9. [PMID: 16504538 PMCID: PMC2739569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The regenerating (Reg) family comprises an extensive, diversified group of proteins with homology to C-type lectins. Several members of this family are highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract under normal conditions, and often show increased expression in inflammatory bowel disease. However, little is known about Reg protein function, and the carbohydrate ligands for these proteins are poorly characterized. We report here the first expression and purification of Reg proteins using a bacterial system. Mouse RegIIIgamma and its human counterpart, HIP/PAP, were expressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in the accumulation of aggregated recombinant protein. Both proteins were renatured by arginine-assisted procedures and were further purified using cation-exchange chromatography. The identities of the purified proteins were confirmed by SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that both proteins exist as monomers, and circular dichroism showed that their secondary structures exhibit a predominance of beta-strands which is typical of C-type lectins. Finally, both RegIIIgamma and human HIP/PAP bind to mannan but not to monomeric mannose, giving initial insights into their carbohydrate ligands. These studies thus provide an essential foundation for further analyses of human and mouse RegIII protein function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Binding Sites
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification
- Biopolymers/metabolism
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Circular Dichroism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Humans
- Inclusion Bodies/genetics
- Inclusion Bodies/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/isolation & purification
- Mannose/metabolism
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Protein Folding
- Proteins/chemistry
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lora V. Hooper
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 214 648 7331. E-mail address: (L.V. Hooper)
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Holloway DE, Chavali GB, Hares MC, Subramanian V, Acharya KR. Structure of murine angiogenin: features of the substrate- and cell-binding regions and prospects for inhibitor-binding studies. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2005; 61:1568-78. [PMID: 16301790 PMCID: PMC1780170 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444905029616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenin is an unusual member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily that induces blood-vessel formation and is a promising anticancer target. The three-dimensional structure of murine angiogenin (mAng) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Two structures are presented: one is a complex with sulfate ions (1.5 Angstroms resolution) and the other a complex with phosphate ions (1.6 Angstroms resolution). Residues forming the putative B(1), P(1) and B(2) subsites occupy positions similar to their hAng counterparts and are likely to play similar roles. The anions occupy the P(1) subsite, sulfate binding conventionally and phosphate adopting two orientations, one of which is novel. The B(1) subsite is obstructed by Glu116 and Phe119, with the latter assuming a less invasive position than its hAng counterpart. Hydrophobic interactions between the C-terminal segment and the main body of the protein are more extensive than in hAng and may underly the lower enzymatic activity of the murine protein. Elsewhere, the structure of the H3-B2 loop supports the view that hAng Asn61 interacts directly with cell-surface molecules and does not merely stabilize adjacent regions of the hAng structure. mAng crystals appear to offer small-molecule inhibitors a clear route to the active site and may even withstand a reorientation of the C-terminal segment that provides access to the cryptic B(1) subsite. These features represent considerable advantages over crystalline hAng and bAng.
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Lou YC, Huang YC, Pan YR, Chen C, Liao YD. Roles of N-terminal pyroglutamate in maintaining structural integrity and pKa values of catalytic histidine residues in bullfrog ribonuclease 3. J Mol Biol 2005; 355:409-21. [PMID: 16309702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins and bioactive peptides contain an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue (Pyr1). This residue reduces the susceptibility of the protein to aminopeptidases and often has important functional roles. The antitumor ribonuclease RC-RNase 3 (RNase 3) from oocytes of Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) is one such protein. We have produced recombinant RNase 3 containing the N-terminal Pyr1 (pRNase 3) and found it to be indistinguishable from the native RNase 3 by mass spectrometry and a variety of other biochemical and immunological criteria. We demonstrated by NMR analysis that the Pyr1 of pRNase 3 forms hydrogen bonds with Lys9 and Ile96 and stabilizes the N-terminal alpha-helix in a rigid conformation. In contrast, the N-terminal alpha-helix becomes flexible and the pKa values of the catalytic residues His10 and His97 altered when Pyr1 formation is blocked by an extra methionine at the N terminus in the recombinant mqRNase 3. Thus, our results provide a mechanistic explanation on the essential role of Pyr1 in maintaining the structural integrity, especially at the N-terminal alpha-helix, and in providing the proper environment for the ionization of His10 and His97 residues for catalysis and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Lou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
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Holloway DE, Chavali GB, Hares MC, Baker MD, Subbarao GV, Shapiro R, Acharya KR. Crystallographic studies on structural features that determine the enzymatic specificity and potency of human angiogenin: Thr44, Thr80, and residues 38-41. Biochemistry 2004; 43:1230-41. [PMID: 14756559 DOI: 10.1021/bi035654+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human angiogenin (Ang) is a potent inducer of blood vessel formation and is a member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily. Its enzymatic activity is unusually weak and biased toward cleavage after cytidine nucleotides. As part of an ongoing investigation into the structural basis of Ang's characteristic activity, we have determined the crystal structures of three Ang variants having novel activity. (i) The structure of T44D-Ang indicates that Asp44 can participate directly in pyrimidine binding and that the intrinsic hydrogen-bonding capability of this residue largely governs the pyrimidine specificity of this variant. Unexpectedly, the mutation also causes the most extensive disruption of the C-terminus seen in any Ang variant thus far. This allows the side chain of Arg101 to penetrate the B(1) site, raising the possibility that it participates in substrate binding as occurs in ribonuclease 4. (ii) The structure of T80A-Ang supports the view that Thr80 plays little role in maintaining the obstructive conformation of the C-terminus and that its participation in a hydrogen bond with Thr44 selectively weakens the interaction between Thr44 and N3 of cytosine. (iii) ARH-II is an angiogenin/RNase A chimera in which residues 38-41 of Ang are replaced with the corresponding residues (38-42) of RNase A. Its structure suggests that the guest segment influences catalysis by subtle means, possibly by reducing the pK(a) of the catalytic lysine. The loss of angiogenic activity is not attributable to disruption of known cell-binding or nuclear translocation sites but may be a consequence of the chimera's enhanced ribonucleolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Holloway
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Hooper LV, Stappenbeck TS, Hong CV, Gordon JI. Angiogenins: a new class of microbicidal proteins involved in innate immunity. Nat Immunol 2003; 4:269-73. [PMID: 12548285 DOI: 10.1038/ni888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2002] [Accepted: 12/17/2002] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although angiogenins have been implicated in tumor-associated angiogenesis, their normal physiologic function remains unclear. We show that a previously uncharacterized angiogenin, Ang4, is produced by mouse Paneth cells, is secreted into the gut lumen and has bactericidal activity against intestinal microbes. Ang4 expression is induced by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a predominant member of the gut microflora, revealing a mechanism whereby intestinal commensal bacteria influence gut microbial ecology and shape innate immunity. Furthermore, mouse Ang1 and human angiogenin, circulating proteins induced during inflammation, exhibit microbicidal activity against systemic bacterial and fungal pathogens, suggesting that they contribute to systemic responses to infection. These results establish angiogenins as a family of endogenous antimicrobial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora V Hooper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Stappenbeck TS, Hooper LV, Gordon JI. Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:15451-5. [PMID: 12432102 PMCID: PMC137737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.202604299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mouse intestine contains an intricate vascular network. The factors that control development of this network are poorly understood. Quantitative three-dimensional imaging studies revealed that a plexus of branched interconnected vessels developed in small intestinal villi during the period of postnatal development that coincides with assembly of a complex society of indigenous gut microorganisms (microbiota). To investigate the impact of this environmental transition on vascular development, we compared the capillary networks of germ-free mice with those of ex-germ-free animals colonized during or after completion of postnatal gut development. Adult germ-free mice had arrested capillary network formation. The developmental program can be restarted and completed within 10 days after colonization with a complete microbiota harvested from conventionally raised mice, or with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent inhabitant of the normal mouse/human gut. Paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium secrete antibacterial peptides that affect luminal microbial ecology. Comparisons of germ-free and B. thetaiotaomicron-colonized transgenic mice lacking Paneth cells established that microbial regulation of angiogenesis depends on this lineage. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism of postnatal animal development, where microbes colonizing a mucosal surface are assigned responsibility for regulating elaboration of the underlying microvasculature by signaling through a bacteria-sensing epithelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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