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Luo Y, Pu H, Li F, Qian S, Chen J, Zhao X, Hou L. Single progesterone receptor-positive phenotype has the similar clinicopathological features and outcome as triple-negative subtype in metastatic breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1029648. [PMID: 36910652 PMCID: PMC9998980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1029648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The same clinicopathological features and prognosis have been reported between single progesterone receptor-positive (sPR-positive) and triple-negative phenotype in early-stage breast cancer, but such similarity has not been studied in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the difference between sPR-positive phenotype and other phenotypes in MBC. Methods Patients with HER-2-negative MBC were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Pearson's χ2 test was used to compare the difference of clinicopathologic factors between sPR-positive phenotype and other phenotypes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of hormone receptor (HoR) phenotypes and other clinicopathologic factors on the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results Overall, 10877 patients including 7060 patients (64.9%) with double HoR-positive (dHoR-positive), 1533 patients (14.1%) with single estrogen receptor-positive (sER-positive), 126 patients (1.2%) with sPR-positive and 2158 patients (19.8%) with double HoR-negative (dHoR-negative) were analyzed. The patients with sPR-positive or dHoR-negative were more likely to be younger, higher grade and tumor stage, visceral and brain metastasis than ER-positive phenotypes (P<0.001). MBC with sPR-positive had the similar CSS (HR: 1.135, 95%CI: 0.909-1.417, P=2.623) and OS (HR: 1.141, 95%CI: 0.921-1.413, P=0.229) as dHoR-negative, but worse outcome than ER-positive phenotypes. Chemotherapy significantly improved the survival for MBC, especially for sPR-positive MBC (CSS, HR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.213-0.714, P=0.002; OS, HR: 0.366, 95%CI: 0.203-0.662, P=0.001). Conclusions Patients with sPR-positive and triple-negative have similar biological behavior and prognosis in MBC. Chemotherapy may be a preferred recommendation for MBC with sPR-positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongyu Pu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shuangqiang Qian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jingtai Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Laboratory of Thyroid (Parathyroid) and Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Academician (expert) Workstation, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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2
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Rakha EA, Chmielik E, Schmitt FC, Tan PH, Quinn CM, Gallagy G. Assessment of Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Updates. Pathobiology 2022; 89:263-277. [PMID: 35728576 DOI: 10.1159/000525092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with breast cancer (BC) relies on the assessment of a defined set of well-established prognostic and predictive markers. Despite overlap, prognostic markers are used to assess the risk of recurrence and the likely benefit of systemic therapy, whereas predictive markers are used to determine the type of systemic therapy to be offered to an individual patient. In this review, we provide an update and present some challenges in the assessment of the main BC-specific molecular predictive markers, namely hormone receptors (oestrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and KI67. As the main platform for assessing these markers in BC is immunohistochemistry (IHC), we address the cut-off values used to define positivity, the ER-low subgroup, the existence and significance of the ER-/PR+ phenotype, the use of PR in routine practice, and the role of hormone receptors in ductal carcinoma in situ. We discuss the newly introduced HER2-low class of BC and the clinical/biological difference between different HER2 groups (e.g., HER2 IHC score 3+ BCs vs. those with a HER2 IHC score 2+ with HER2 gene amplification). The review concludes with an update on the applications of KI67 assessment in BC and observations on the role of immune checkpoint identification in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Fernando C Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP) and Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,RISE (Health Research Network) @ CINTESIS (Center for Health Technology and Services Research), Porto, Portugal
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Department of Histopathology, BreastCheck, Irish National Breast Screening Programme and St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin and University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Gallagy
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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3
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Jiang C, Wu P, He X, Ni J, Ding X, Xu X, Wang F, Zou D. Associations Between Serum Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Hormonal Receptor Status Among Postmenopausal Chinese Women With Breast Cancer: An Observational Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819756. [PMID: 35712498 PMCID: PMC9197097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Reproductive hormones and receptors play crucial roles in breast cancer development and progression. The association between preoperative serum reproductive hormone levels and receptor status in postmenopausal women with breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between serum reproductive hormone concentrations and patient characteristics and hormone receptor status among postmenopausal Chinese women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods The medical records of 352 postmenopausal breast cancer patients who underwent an operation between October 2007 and October 2010 at the Department of Breast Tumor Surgery of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Serum levels of reproductive hormones were measured before surgery by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Hormone receptor levels were measured by an immunohistochemical assay using a mouse monoclonal antibody. The associations between serum hormone concentrations and hormone receptors were investigated by analysis of covariance. Results In this patient cohort, the serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH) declined with PMP duration. The median LH concentration was significantly higher in patients within 5 years of PMP than that in patients with PMP duration exceeding 5 years (23 vs. 18.32 mIU/ml, P <.0001). Significantly more patients with strong estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) expression had postmenopausal durations of less than 5 years compared to those with postmenopausal durations greater than 5 years (103 vs. 61 cases, P = .019; 93 vs. 46 cases, P = .0005). While most patients either lacked (97.1%) or co-expressed (84.3%) ER and PR, some patients expressed either ER or PR alone. ER and PR expression were negatively associated with receptor-tyrosine kinase erbB-2 (HER2) expression in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Meanwhile, increased ER and PR expression were associated with decreased serum levels of LH or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Conclusion Decreased serum LH and FSH levels were associated with increased ER and PR expressions and decreased HER2 expression in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuner Jiang
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Pathology Department, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Ni
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Clinic Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzheng Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Dehong Zou
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-positive and her-2-negative breast cancer might no longer be classified as hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1145-1153. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Koch C, Kuske A, Joosse SA, Yigit G, Sflomos G, Thaler S, Smit DJ, Werner S, Borgmann K, Gärtner S, Mossahebi Mohammadi P, Battista L, Cayrefourcq L, Altmüller J, Salinas-Riester G, Raithatha K, Zibat A, Goy Y, Ott L, Bartkowiak K, Tan TZ, Zhou Q, Speicher MR, Müller V, Gorges TM, Jücker M, Thiery JP, Brisken C, Riethdorf S, Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Characterization of circulating breast cancer cells with tumorigenic and metastatic capacity. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11908. [PMID: 32667137 PMCID: PMC7507517 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional studies giving insight into the biology of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) remain scarce due to the low frequency of CTCs and lack of appropriate models. Here, we describe the characterization of a novel CTC‐derived breast cancer cell line, designated CTC‐ITB‐01, established from a patient with metastatic estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer, resistant to endocrine therapy. CTC‐ITB‐01 remained ER+ in culture, and copy number alteration (CNA) profiling showed high concordance between CTC‐ITB‐01 and CTCs originally present in the patient with cancer at the time point of blood draw. RNA‐sequencing data indicate that CTC‐ITB‐01 has a predominantly epithelial expression signature. Primary tumor and metastasis formation in an intraductal PDX mouse model mirrored the clinical progression of ER+ breast cancer. Downstream ER signaling was constitutively active in CTC‐ITB‐01 independent of ligand availability, and the CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib strongly inhibited CTC‐ITB‐01 growth. Thus, we established a functional model that opens a new avenue to study CTC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andra Kuske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Centre for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Radiobiology& Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gärtner
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Parinaz Mossahebi Mohammadi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Battista
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- NGS Integrative Genomics Core Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaamini Raithatha
- NGS Integrative Genomics Core Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne Zibat
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Goy
- Radiobiology& Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Ott
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Bartkowiak
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael R Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Gorges
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- INSERM Unit 1186, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Attia YM, Shouman SA, Salama SA, Ivan C, Elsayed AM, Amero P, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G. Blockade of CDK7 Reverses Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082974. [PMID: 32340192 PMCID: PMC7215326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-7 inhibitors are emerging as promising drugs for the treatment of different types of cancer that show chemotherapy resistance. Evaluation of the effects of CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1, alone and combined with tamoxifen is of paramount importance. Thus, in the current work, we assessed the effects of THZ1 and/or tamoxifen in two estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) and its tamoxifen resistant counterpart (LCC2) in vitro and in xenograft mouse models of breast cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of CDK7 in clinical samples from breast cancer patients. Cell viability, apoptosis, and genes involved in cell cycle regulation and tamoxifen resistance were determined. Tumor volume and weight, proliferation marker (Ki67), angiogenic marker (CD31), and apoptotic markers were assayed. Bioinformatic data indicated CDK7 expression was associated with negative prognosis, enhanced pro-oncogenic pathways, and decreased response to tamoxifen. Treatment with THZ1 enhanced tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity, while it inhibited genes involved in tumor progression in MCF-7 and LCC2 cells. In vivo, THZ1 boosted the effect of tamoxifen on tumor weight and tumor volume, reduced Ki67 and CD31 expression, and increased apoptotic cell death. Our findings identify CDK7 as a possible therapeutic target for breast cancer whether it is sensitive or resistant to tamoxifen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M. Attia
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al Eini Street, Fom El Khalig, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (Y.M.A.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (A.M.E.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
| | - Samia A. Shouman
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al Eini Street, Fom El Khalig, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (Y.M.A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Salama A. Salama
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11675, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-109-550-8894
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (A.M.E.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdelrahman M. Elsayed
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (A.M.E.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11675, Egypt
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (A.M.E.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (A.M.E.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (A.M.E.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Li Z, Tu Y, Wu Q, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Sun S. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Single Versus Double Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer in 2 Large Databases. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 20:e151-e163. [PMID: 31551181 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify biologic and outcome differences between double hormone receptor (HR)-positive (dHR+, estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor [PgR+]) and single HR-positive (sHR+, either ER+/PgR- or ER-/PgR+) breast cancer; and to explore whether hormone therapy (HT) response in HER2-negative breast cancer correlates with HR status. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted by using 2 large breast cancer databases: the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) clinical data set. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among sHR+ and dHR+ patients. RESULTS In the SEER database, dHR+ patients had significantly longer OS and BCSS than ER+/PgR- patients in short-term follow-up (OS: hazard ratio = 0.620; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.590, 0.652; P < .001; BCSS: hazard ratio = 0.493; 95% CI, 0.462, 0.526; P < .001). Meanwhile, ER-/PgR+ patients had younger age, larger tumor size, and higher disease grade than dHR+ and ER+/PgR- patients. In patients who received HT, dHR+ patients had a more favorable OS than ER+/PgR- patients (hazard ratio = 0.789; 95% CI, 0.635, 0.982; P = .034), and ER-/PgR+ patients had a worse OS than ER+/PgR- patients at 10 years' follow-up (hazard ratio = 7.991; 95% CI, 1.053, 60.644; P = .044). However, these groups had similar outcomes over longer periods. CONCLUSION In HER2-negative breast cancer, sHR+ patients are associated with relatively worse characteristics and worse short-term outcomes than dHR+ patients. Additionally, the outcome of patients receiving HT may differ according to the HR status. However, further studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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8
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Differences in GPR30 Regulation by Chlorotriazine Herbicides in Human Breast Cells. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:2984081. [PMID: 26955487 PMCID: PMC4756223 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2984081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200,000 cases of invasive breast cancer are diagnosed annually; herbicide contaminants in local water sources may contribute to the growth of these cancers. GPR30, a G protein coupled receptor, was identified as a potential orphan receptor that may interact with triazine herbicides such as atrazine, one of the most commonly utilized chlorotriazines in agricultural practices in the United States. Our goal was to identify whether chlorotriazines affected the expression of GPR30. Two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as one normal breast cell line, MCF-10A, were treated with a 100-fold range of atrazine, cyanazine, or simazine, with levels flanking the EPA safe level for each compound. Using real-time PCR, we assessed changes in GPR30 mRNA compared to a GAPDH control. Our results indicate that GPR30 expression increased in breast cancer cells at levels lower than the US EPA drinking water contamination limit. During this treatment, the viability of cells was unaltered. In contrast, treatment with chlorotriazines reduced the expression of GPR30 in noncancerous MCF-10A cells. Thus, our results indicate that cell milieu and potential to metastasize may play a role in the extent of GPR30 response to pesticide exposure.
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9
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Treen AK, Luo V, Chalmers JA, Dalvi PS, Tran D, Ye W, Kim GL, Friedman Z, Belsham DD. Divergent Regulation of ER and Kiss Genes by 17β-Estradiol in Hypothalamic ARC Versus AVPV Models. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:217-33. [PMID: 26726951 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss) and G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr)54 have emerged as key regulators of reproduction. 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated regulation of these neurons is nuclei specific, where anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) Kiss neurons are positively regulated by E2, whereas arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons are inhibited. We have generated immortalized Kiss cell lines from male and female adult-derived murine hypothalamic primary culture, as well as cell lines from microdissected AVPV and ARC from female Kiss-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice. All exhibit endogenous Kiss-1 expression, estrogen receptors (ER)s (ERα, ERβ, and Gpr30), as well as known markers of AVPV Kiss neurons in the mHypoA-50 and mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-4, vs markers of ARC Kiss neurons in the mHypoA-55 and the mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-3 lines. There was an increase in Kiss-1 mRNA expression at 24 hours in the AVPV lines and a repression of Kiss-1 mRNA at 4 hours in the ARC lines. An E2-mediated decrease in ERα mRNA expression at 24 hours in the AVPV cell lines was detected, and a significant decrease in Gpr30, ERα, and ERβ mRNA levels at 4 hours in the ARC cell lines was evident. ER agonists and antagonists determined the specific ERs responsible for mediating changes in gene expression. In the AVPV, ERα is required but not ERβ or GPR30, vs the ARC Kiss-expressing cell lines that require GPR30, and either ERα and/or ERβ. We determined cAMP response element-binding protein 1 was necessary for the down-regulation of Kiss-1 mRNA expression using small interfering RNA knockdown in the ARC cell model. These studies elucidate some of the molecular events involved in the differential E2-mediated regulation of unique and specific Kiss neuronal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice K Treen
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Vicky Luo
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jennifer A Chalmers
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Prasad S Dalvi
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Dean Tran
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Wenqing Ye
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Ginah L Kim
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Zoey Friedman
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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10
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Chan M, Chang MC, González R, Lategan B, del Barco E, Vera-Badillo F, Quesada P, Goldstein R, Cruz I, Ocana A, Cruz JJ, Amir E. Outcomes of Estrogen Receptor Negative and Progesterone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132449. [PMID: 26161666 PMCID: PMC4498889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical features and outcomes of estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and progesterone receptor positive (PgR+) breast cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a well-characterized database of sequential patients diagnosed with early stage invasive breast carcinoma. Outcomes of interest were time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to assess the association of ER-/PgR+ with TTR and OS in comparison to ER+ and to ER- and PgR negative (ER-/PgR-) tumors irrespective of HER2 status. ER and PgR expression was conservatively defined as 10% or greater staining of cancer cells. Results 815 patients were followed for a median of 40.5 months; 56 patients (7%) had ER-/PgR+, 624 (77%) had ER+ and 136 (17%) had ER-/PgR- phenotypes. Compared with ER+ tumors, ER-/PgR+ tumors were associated with younger age (50 versus 59 years, p=0.03), high grade (50% versus 24%, p<0.001) and more frequent HER2 overexpression/amplification (43% versus 14%, p<0.001). TTR for ER-/PgR+ was intermediate between ER+ and ER-/PgR- tumors, but was not significantly different from ER+ tumors. Recurrences in the ER-/PgR+ and ER-/PgR- groups occurred early in follow-up while in ER+ tumors recurrences continued to occur over the duration of follow-up. OS of ER-/PgR+ was similar to ER+ tumors and better than that of ER-/PgR- tumors. Conclusions The ER-/PgR+ phenotype is associated with higher grade with HER2 overexpression/amplification and occurs more commonly in younger women. Risk of relapse and death more closely resembles ER+ than ER-/PgR- tumors suggesting this phenotype represents a group of more aggressive hormone receptor positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin C. Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosa González
- Escuela de Enfermeria, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belinda Lategan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elvira del Barco
- Medical Oncology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Vera-Badillo
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Quesada
- Medical Oncology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Robyn Goldstein
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ignacio Cruz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Medical Oncology Department and Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan J. Cruz
- Medical Oncology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eitan Amir
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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11
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Miyoshi Y, Murase K, Saito M, Imamura M, Oh K. Mechanisms of estrogen receptor-α upregulation in breast cancers. Med Mol Morphol 2011; 43:193-6. [PMID: 21267694 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-010-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The most critical step for initiation and progression of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancers is thought to be upregulation of ERα expression. There are several factors involved in this mechanism, i.e., increased promoter activity of the ERα gene (ESR1) at the transcriptional level, ESR1 gene amplification, and diminished degradation of ERα protein through ubiquitination and proteasomal pathways. Mediating these factors, ERα protein levels seem to be controlled, although the details of the mechanism remain to be clarified. In addition, for upregulation of estrogen signaling, functional changes in its action in cancer cells originating from normal epithelial cells, i.e., estrogen stimulation, which then leads to proliferation of ERα-positive cancer cells, has been recognized, but this action has not been observed in normal epithelial cells. These alterations are therefore likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of ERα-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
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12
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Pugazhendhi D, Darbre PD. Differential effects of overexpression of ERα and ERβ in MCF10A immortalised, non-transformed human breast epithelial cells. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2010; 1:117-26. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Cellular effects of oestrogen are mediated by two intracellular receptors ERα and ERβ. However, to compare responses mediated through these two receptors, experimental models are needed where ERα and ERβ are individually stably overexpressed in the same cell type.: We compared the effects of stable overexpression of ERα and ERβ in the MCF10A cell line, which is an immortalised but non-transformed breast epithelial cell line without high endogenous ER expression.: Clones of MCF10A cells were characterised which stably overexpressed ERα (10A-ERα2, 10A-ERα13) or which stably overexpressed ERβ (10A-ERβ12, 10A-ERβ15). Overexpression of either ERα or ERβ allowed induction of an oestrogen-regulated ERE-LUC reporter gene by oestradiol which was not found in the untransfected cells. Oestradiol also increased proliferation of 10A-ERα13 and 10A-ERβ12 cells, but not untransfected cells, by 1.3-fold over 7 days. The phytoestrogen, genistein, which is reported to bind more strongly to ERβ than to ERα, could induce luciferase gene expression from an ERE-LUC reporter gene at concentrations of 10: This provides a model system to compare effects of oestradiol with other oestrogenic ligands in cells stably overexpressing individually ERα or ERβ.
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13
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Keen JC, Zhou Q, Park BH, Pettit C, Mack KM, Blair B, Brenner K, Davidson NE. Protein phosphatase 2A regulates estrogen receptor alpha (ER) expression through modulation of ER mRNA stability. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:29519-24. [PMID: 15965230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505317200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the serine-threonine phosphatase family that is involved in regulation of many cellular processes including transcription, translation, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis. Because of a correlation between PP2A and estrogen receptor alpha (ER) expression in several human breast cancer cell lines, the effect of PP2A on regulation of ER expression in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was studied. Inhibition of PP2A using the pharmacologic inhibitor okadaic acid at 250 nm for 16 h resulted in a 60% reduction in PP2A activity in MCF-7 cells concurrent with a 75% reduction in ER mRNA and protein expression. Similar results were obtained with a small interfering RNA probe that specifically inhibited PP2A expression. ER promoter studies showed that regulation of ER through the PP2A pathway did not occur through transcriptional activation. Rather, PP2A mediated ER expression through modulation of ER mRNA stability through degradation of ER mRNA, reversible with concomitant treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG 132. These data suggest a novel pathway controlling ER expression resulting from the activation of PP2A, potentially providing a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Keen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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14
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Hart LL, Davie JR. The estrogen receptor: more than the average transcription factor. Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 80:335-41. [PMID: 12123286 DOI: 10.1139/o02-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human estrogen receptor is a steroid nuclear receptor found in breast cancer and a variety of other tissues. Located in the nucleus, it can exist either loosely or tightly associated with the nuclear matrix depending on whether or not it is bound to ligand. When bound to ligand, it is responsible for the transcriptional regulation of estrogen-responsive genes through recruitment of coactivators and corepressors of transcription. The estrogen receptor is also capable of ligand-independent transcriptional activation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Ligands have been implicated in the regulation of estrogen receptor levels via changing the levels and stability of estrogen receptor mRNA and protein. The resulting levels of estrogen receptor and the type of ligand bound to it have a direct impact on the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Hart
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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15
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Potier M, Elliot SJ, Tack I, Lenz O, Striker GE, Striker LJ, Karl M. Expression and regulation of estrogen receptors in mesangial cells: influence on matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12:241-251. [PMID: 11158214 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v122241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the mesangium. Estrogens seem to retard whereas estrogen deficiency seems to accelerate progressive glomerulosclerosis. Thus, mesangial cells (MC) may be a target for estrogens. Estrogen action is mediated via estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERalpha and ERbeta. Both ER subtypes were expressed in human and mouse MC. Using an estrogen-responsive reporter construct in transfection assays, it also was demonstrated that the nuclear ER were transcriptionally active. In the presence of 17beta-estradiol (E2; 10(-10) to 10(-8) M), there was a progressive increase in the mRNA levels of both ERalpha (approximately 1.8-fold and approximately 2.7-fold after 24 and 72 h, respectively) and ERbeta (approximately 1.3-fold and approximately 2.2-fold after 24 and 72 h, respectively). ERalpha protein levels increased approximately 2.5-fold after 24 h (10(-10) M, E2) and up to approximately 5.4-fold after 72 h (10(-9) M, E2). ERbeta protein levels increased approximately 2.1-fold in the presence of E(2) (10(-9) M) after 24 h. Thus, estrogens positively regulate the expression of the ER subtypes, thereby maintaining or increasing MC responsiveness to estrogens. Because diabetic glomerulosclerosis may be due partly to a decrease in ECM degradation, the effects of estrogens on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were studied. It was found that E2 (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) increased both MMP-9 mRNA and MMP-9 activity in MC. This may be an important mechanism by which estrogens influence ECM turnover and protect against progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Potier
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ivan Tack
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Gary E Striker
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Liliane J Striker
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael Karl
- Renal Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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16
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Rock CL, Saxe GA, Ruffin MT, August DA, Schottenfeld D. Carotenoids, vitamin A, and estrogen receptor status in breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 1996; 25:281-96. [PMID: 8771571 DOI: 10.1080/01635589609514452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Among patients with breast cancer, tumors that contain estrogen receptors (ER) are associated with improved survival and better response to hormone therapy than those not expressing these receptors. The purpose of these case comparison studies was to examine the relationship between carotenoids, vitamin A, and the tumor ER status in women at diagnosis of primary breast cancer. The focus of the first study was the relationship between dietary intake and ER status, and the focus of the second study was the relationship between ER status and the plasma carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations. We evaluated tumor ER status and self-reported dietary intake in 142 women and plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols in 149 women, at diagnosis of breast cancer, before any medical or surgical treatment. In the first study the overall odds of ER-positive status were increased in relation to number of mammograms in the past five years, number of breast-fed babies, dietary carotenoid intake, and more frequent intake of yellow and green vegetables. Overall odds of ER-positive status were decreased in relation to years of oral contraceptive use and preformed vitamin A intake. In the second study older women, women with higher plasma lutein concentration, and women not using beta-carotene supplements were more likely to be ER positive, when data were adjusted for body mass index and factors that may influence breast cancer risk or hormonal status. Significant independent relationships between plasma retinol or tocopherol concentrations and ER status were not observed. The strong and independent relationships between carotenoid intake, plasma lutein concentration, and ER status may relate to observations linking a carotenoid-rich diet with improved prognosis after diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Rock
- Program in Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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