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Comparative study, homology modelling and molecular docking with cancer associated glycans of two non-fetuin-binding Tepary bean lectins. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:69-84. [PMID: 36385669 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present the purification and characterization of the two most abundant isoforms of lectins isolated from Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) seeds, which have been shown to differentially affect the survival of different cancer cells. They were separated by concanavalin A-affinity chromatography. After purification, to release the N-glycans, they were digested with the endoglycosidases PNGase and Glycanase A. Fractions resulted from the hydrolysis products were analyzed to determine their carbohydrate composition. Mass spectrometry data indicated that both isoforms contained high mannose glycans being mannose 6 the most abundant form. Furthermore, based on sequence Ans-X-Ser/Thr, where X is any amino acid except proline, a glycosylation site was determined on asparagine 36. When their metal requirement to preserve their biological activity was determined, the lectins showed differences. While lectin A (LA) agglutination activity was best in the presence of magnesium, lectin B (LB) was best with calcium. Additionally, only LA exhibited affinity to human type-A erythrocytes. Although both lectins showed small differences in their properties, an identical structure-model for both lectins was generated by the homology modelling process. Also, the analysis of ligand binding sites and in silico glycosylation were achieved. Molecular docking with colon adenocarcinoma associated-N-glycans revealed some highly possible interactions and, on the other hand, that N-glycan interaction zones of Tepary bean lectins is not restricted to the carbohydrate binding domain but to an extended part of their surface, which could lead new strategies to explain their biological activity.
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2
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Abstract
Glycoscience assembles all the scientific disciplines involved in studying various molecules and macromolecules containing carbohydrates and complex glycans. Such an ensemble involves one of the most extensive sets of molecules in quantity and occurrence since they occur in all microorganisms and higher organisms. Once the compositions and sequences of these molecules are established, the determination of their three-dimensional structural and dynamical features is a step toward understanding the molecular basis underlying their properties and functions. The range of the relevant computational methods capable of addressing such issues is anchored by the specificity of stereoelectronic effects from quantum chemistry to mesoscale modeling throughout molecular dynamics and mechanics and coarse-grained and docking calculations. The Review leads the reader through the detailed presentations of the applications of computational modeling. The illustrations cover carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, glycolipids, and N- and O-linked glycans, emphasizing their role in SARS-CoV-2. The presentation continues with the structure of polysaccharides in solution and solid-state and lipopolysaccharides in membranes. The full range of protein-carbohydrate interactions is presented, as exemplified by carbohydrate-active enzymes, transporters, lectins, antibodies, and glycosaminoglycan binding proteins. A final section features a list of 150 tools and databases to help address the many issues of structural glycobioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolecules Vegetales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - Olga Makshakova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan 420111, Russia
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3
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Mariethoz J, Alocci D, Karlsson NG, Packer NH, Lisacek F. An Interactive View of Glycosylation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2370:41-65. [PMID: 34611864 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1685-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present chapter focuses on the interactive and explorative aspects of bioinformatics resources that have been recently released in glycobiology. The comparative analysis of data in a field where knowledge is scattered, incomplete, and disconnected from main biology requires efficient visualization, integration, and interactive tools that are currently only partially implemented. This overview highlights converging efforts toward building a consistent picture of protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mariethoz
- Proteome Informatics Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Alocci
- Proteome Informatics Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Molecular Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- Proteome Informatics Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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Scherbinina SI, Toukach PV. Three-Dimensional Structures of Carbohydrates and Where to Find Them. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7702. [PMID: 33081008 PMCID: PMC7593929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis and systematization of accumulated data on carbohydrate structural diversity is a subject of great interest for structural glycobiology. Despite being a challenging task, development of computational methods for efficient treatment and management of spatial (3D) structural features of carbohydrates breaks new ground in modern glycoscience. This review is dedicated to approaches of chemo- and glyco-informatics towards 3D structural data generation, deposition and processing in regard to carbohydrates and their derivatives. Databases, molecular modeling and experimental data validation services, and structure visualization facilities developed for last five years are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya I. Scherbinina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Philip V. Toukach
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Atanasova M, Bagdonas H, Agirre J. Structural glycobiology in the age of electron cryo-microscopy. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 62:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Koehler M, Delguste M, Sieben C, Gillet L, Alsteens D. Initial Step of Virus Entry: Virion Binding to Cell-Surface Glycans. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:143-165. [PMID: 32396772 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-122019-070025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection is an intricate process that requires the concerted action of both viral and host cell components. Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and cell-surface receptors. Various cell-surface glycans function as initial, usually low-affinity attachment factors, providing a first anchor of the virus to the cell surface, and further facilitate high-affinity binding to virus-specific cell-surface receptors, while other glycans function as specific entry receptors themselves. It is now possible to rapidly identify specific glycan receptors using different techniques, define atomic-level structures of virus-glycan complexes, and study these interactions at the single-virion level. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of glycans in viral infection and highlights experimental approaches to study virus-glycan binding along with specific examples. In particular, we highlight the development of the atomic force microscope to investigate interactions with glycans at the single-virion level directly on living mammalian cells, which offers new perspectives to better understand virus-glycan interactions in physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Koehler
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Martin Delguste
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Christian Sieben
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Immunology-Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health center (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; .,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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7
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Gallagher DT, Galvin CV, Karageorgos I. Structure of the Fc fragment of the NIST reference antibody RM8671. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:524-529. [PMID: 30198883 PMCID: PMC6130425 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18009834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the link between antigen binding and immune activation, the antibody Fc region has received extensive structural study. In this report, the structure of the Fc fragment of the NIST IgG1 mAb (reference material 8671) is described at 2.1 Å resolution in space group P212121, with approximate unit-cell parameters a = 50, b = 80, c = 138 Å. Prior Fc structures with a wide variety of modifications are also surveyed, focusing on those in the same crystal form. To facilitate the analysis of conformations, a reference frame and a two-parameter metric are proposed, considering the CH2 domains as mobile with respect to a fixed dimeric CH3 core. Over several human Fc structures, a significant variation in Fc elbow conformations is observed, which may serve to facilitate the regulation of Fc effector signaling.
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8
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Agirre J. Strategies for carbohydrate model building, refinement and validation. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2017; 73:171-186. [PMID: 28177313 PMCID: PMC5297920 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316016910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugars are the most stereochemically intricate family of biomolecules and present substantial challenges to anyone trying to understand their nomenclature, reactions or branched structures. Current crystallographic programs provide an abstraction layer allowing inexpert structural biologists to build complete protein or nucleic acid model components automatically either from scratch or with little manual intervention. This is, however, still not generally true for sugars. The need for carbohydrate-specific building and validation tools has been highlighted a number of times in the past, concomitantly with the introduction of a new generation of experimental methods that have been ramping up the production of protein-sugar complexes and glycoproteins for the past decade. While some incipient advances have been made to address these demands, correctly modelling and refining carbohydrates remains a challenge. This article will address many of the typical difficulties that a structural biologist may face when dealing with carbohydrates, with an emphasis on problem solving in the resolution range where X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy are expected to overlap in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Agirre
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, England
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9
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Zarafeta D, Moschidi D, Ladoukakis E, Gavrilov S, Chrysina ED, Chatziioannou A, Kublanov I, Skretas G, Kolisis FN. Metagenomic mining for thermostable esterolytic enzymes uncovers a new family of bacterial esterases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38886. [PMID: 27991516 PMCID: PMC5171882 DOI: 10.1038/srep38886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysts exerting activity against ester bonds have a broad range of applications in modern biotechnology. Here, we have identified a new esterolytic enzyme by screening a metagenomic sample collected from a hot spring in Kamchatka, Russia. Biochemical characterization of the new esterase, termed EstDZ2, revealed that it is highly active against medium chain fatty acid esters at temperatures between 25 and 60 °C and at pH values 7-8. The new enzyme is moderately thermostable with a half-life of more than six hours at 60 °C, but exhibits exquisite stability against high concentrations of organic solvents. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EstDZ2 is likely an Acetothermia enzyme that belongs to a new family of bacterial esterases, for which we propose the index XV. One distinctive feature of this new family, is the presence of a conserved GHSAG catalytic motif. Multiple sequence alignment, coupled with computational modelling of the three-dimensional structure of EstDZ2, revealed that the enzyme lacks the largest part of the "cap" domain, whose extended structure is characteristic for the closely related Family IV esterases. Thus, EstDZ2 appears to be distinct from known related esterolytic enzymes, both in terms of sequence characteristics, as well as in terms of three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Zarafeta
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Moschidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Ladoukakis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergey Gavrilov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center for Biotechnology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evangelia D. Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilya Kublanov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center for Biotechnology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiskos N. Kolisis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Agirre J, Davies GJ, Wilson KS, Cowtan KD. Carbohydrate structure: the rocky road to automation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 44:39-47. [PMID: 27940408 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of intuitive graphical software, structural biologists who are not experts in crystallography are now able to build complete protein or nucleic acid models rapidly. In contrast, carbohydrates are in a wholly different situation: scant automation exists, with manual building attempts being sometimes toppled by incorrect dictionaries or refinement problems. Sugars are the most stereochemically complex family of biomolecules and, as pyranose rings, have clear conformational preferences. Despite this, all refinement programs may produce high-energy conformations at medium to low resolution, without any support from the electron density. This problem renders the affected structures unusable in glyco-chemical terms. Bringing structural glycobiology up to 'protein standards' will require a total overhaul of the methodology. Time is of the essence, as the community is steadily increasing the production rate of glycoproteins, and electron cryo-microscopy has just started to image them in precisely that resolution range where crystallographic methods falter most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Agirre
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Gideon J Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Keith S Wilson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kevin D Cowtan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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11
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Ricard-Blum S, Lisacek F. Glycosaminoglycanomics: where we are. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:339-349. [PMID: 27900575 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans regulate numerous physiopathological processes such as development, angiogenesis, innate immunity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell surface GAGs are involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion and signaling, and host-pathogen interactions. GAGs contribute to the assembly of the extracellular matrix and heparan sulfate chains are able to sequester growth factors in the ECM. Their biological activities are regulated by their interactions with proteins. The structural heterogeneity of GAGs, mostly due to chemical modifications occurring during and after their synthesis, makes the development of analytical techniques for their profiling in cells, tissues, and biological fluids, and of computational tools for mining GAG-protein interaction data very challenging. We give here an overview of the experimental approaches used in glycosaminoglycomics, of the major GAG-protein interactomes characterized so far, and of the computational tools and databases available to analyze and store GAG structures and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Zarafeta D, Szabo Z, Moschidi D, Phan H, Chrysina ED, Peng X, Ingham CJ, Kolisis FN, Skretas G. EstDZ3: A New Esterolytic Enzyme Exhibiting Remarkable Thermostability. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1779. [PMID: 27899916 PMCID: PMC5110521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes that retain high levels of catalytic activity when exposed to a variety of denaturing conditions are of high importance for a number of biotechnological applications. In this study, we aimed to identify new lipolytic enzymes, which are highly resistant to prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. To achieve this, we searched for genes encoding for such proteins in the genomes of a microbial consortium residing in a hot spring located in China. After performing functional genomic screening on a bacterium of the genus Dictyoglomus, which was isolated from this hot spring following in situ enrichment, we identified a new esterolytic enzyme, termed EstDZ3. Detailed biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme, revealed that it constitutes a slightly alkalophilic and highly active esterase against esters of fatty acids with short to medium chain lengths. Importantly, EstDZ3 exhibits remarkable thermostability, as it retains high levels of catalytic activity after exposure to temperatures as high as 95°C for several hours. Furthermore, it exhibits very good stability against exposure to high concentrations of a variety of organic solvents. Interestingly, EstDZ3 was found to have very little similarity to previously characterized esterolytic enzymes. Computational modeling of the three-dimensional structure of this new enzyme predicted that it exhibits a typical α/β hydrolase fold that seems to include a “subdomain insertion”, which is similar to the one present in its closest homolog of known function and structure, the cinnamoyl esterase Lj0536 from Lactobacillus johnsonii. As it was found in the case of Lj0536, this structural feature is expected to be an important determinant of the catalytic properties of EstDZ3. The high levels of esterolytic activity of EstDZ3, combined with its remarkable thermostability and good stability against a range of organic solvents and other denaturing agents, render this new enzyme a candidate biocatalyst for high-temperature biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Zarafeta
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research FoundationAthens, Greece; Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | | | - Danai Moschidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Hien Phan
- Danish Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens, Greece
| | - Xu Peng
- Danish Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Fragiskos N Kolisis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens, Greece
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13
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Joosten RP, Lütteke T. Carbohydrate 3D structure validation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 44:9-17. [PMID: 27816840 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and protein-carbohydrate complexes in the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) can be an excellent source of information for glycoscientists. Unfortunately, a rather large number of errors and inconsistencies is found in the glycan moieties of these 3D structures. This review illustrates frequent problems of carbohydrate moieties in wwPDB entries, such as nomenclature issues, incorrect N-glycan core structures, missing or erroneous linkages, or poor glycan geometry, and describes the carbohydrate-specific validation tools that are designed to identify such problems. Recommendations how to avoid these issues or how to rectify incorrect structures are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie P Joosten
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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14
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Glycan-protein interactions in viral pathogenesis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 40:153-162. [PMID: 27792989 PMCID: PMC5526076 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of host cells and viruses are decorated by complex glycans, which play multifaceted roles in the dynamic interplay between the virus and the host including viral entry into host cell, modulation of proteolytic cleavage of viral proteins, recognition and neutralization of virus by host immune system. These roles are mediated by specific multivalent interactions of glycans with their cognate proteins (generally termed as glycan-binding proteins or GBPs or lectins). The advances in tools and technologies to chemically synthesize and structurally characterize glycans and glycan-GBP interactions have offered several insights into the role of glycan-GBP interactions in viral pathogenesis and have presented opportunities to target these interactions for novel antiviral therapeutic or vaccine strategies. This review covers aspects of role of host cell surface glycan receptors and viral surface glycans in viral pathogenesis and offers perspectives on how to employ various analytical tools to target glycan-GBP interactions.
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15
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Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. Carbohydrates in Cyberspace. Front Immunol 2015; 6:300. [PMID: 26113848 PMCID: PMC4462093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yuriev
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC , Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, VIC , Australia ; CHIRI Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, WA , Australia
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