1
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He R, Yuan X, Chen Z, Zheng Y. Combined immunotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer based on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocking. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Abd-Aziz N, Poh CL. Development of oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Transl Res 2021; 237:98-123. [PMID: 33905949 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a therapeutic approach that uses replication-competent viruses to kill cancers. The ability of oncolytic viruses to selectively replicate in cancer cells leads to direct cell lysis and induction of anticancer immune response. Like other anticancer therapies, oncolytic virotherapy has several limitations such as viral delivery to the target, penetration into the tumor mass, and antiviral immune responses. This review provides an insight into the different characteristics of oncolytic viruses (natural and genetically modified) that contribute to effective applications of oncolytic virotherapy in preclinical and clinical trials, and strategies to overcome the limitations. The potential of oncolytic virotherapy combining with other conventional treatments or cancer immunotherapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T therapy could form part of future multimodality treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Abd-Aziz
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research (CVVR), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research (CVVR), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Yin J, Li X, Li F, Lu Y, Zeng S, Zhu F. Identification of the key target profiles underlying the drugs of narrow therapeutic index for treating cancer and cardiovascular disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2318-2328. [PMID: 33995923 PMCID: PMC8105181 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate therapeutic index is crucial for drug discovery and development since narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs with slight dosage variation may induce severe adverse drug reactions or potential treatment failure. To date, the shared characteristics underlying the targets of NTI drugs have been explored by several studies, which have been applied to identify potential drug targets. However, the association between the drug therapeutic index and the related disease has not been dissected, which is important for revealing the NTI drug mechanism and optimizing drug design. Therefore, in this study, two classes of disease (cancers and cardiovascular disorders) with the largest number of NTI drugs were selected, and the target property of the corresponding NTI drugs was analyzed. By calculating the biological system profiles and human protein–protein interaction (PPI) network properties of drug targets and adopting an AI-based algorithm, differentiated features between two diseases were discovered to reveal the distinct underlying mechanisms of NTI drugs in different diseases. Consequently, ten shared features and four unique features were identified for both diseases to distinguish NTI from NNTI drug targets. These computational discoveries, as well as the newly found features, suggest that in the clinical study of avoiding narrow therapeutic index in those diseases, the ability of target to be a hub and the efficiency of target signaling in the human PPI network should be considered, and it could thus provide novel guidance in the drug discovery and clinical research process and help to estimate the drug safety of cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinjing Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
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4
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Role of Myeloid Cells in Oncolytic Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040654. [PMID: 33920168 PMCID: PMC8070345 DOI: 10.3390/v13040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic reovirus preferentially targets and kills cancer cells via the process of oncolysis, and additionally drives clinically favorable antitumor T cell responses that form protective immunological memory against cancer relapse. This two-prong attack by reovirus on cancers constitutes the foundation of its use as an anticancer oncolytic agent. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these reovirus-driven antitumor effects is influenced by the highly suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, the myeloid cell populations (e.g., myeloid-derived suppressive cells and tumor-associated macrophages) of highly immunosuppressive capacities within the TME not only affect oncolysis but also actively impair the functioning of reovirus-driven antitumor T cell immunity. Thus, myeloid cells within the TME play a critical role during the virotherapy, which, if properly understood, can identify novel therapeutic combination strategies potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of reovirus-based cancer therapy.
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5
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Aligholipour Farzani T, Bilge Dagalp S, Ozkul A, Gurdal H, Dogan F, Alkan F. Assessment of replication of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in human glioblastoma and breast cancer cells as a potential oncolytic virus. Virus Genes 2020; 57:31-39. [PMID: 33104955 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have been extensively used in cancer treatment due to their tropism, selective replication only in tumor cells, and possible synergic interaction with other therapeutics. Different researchers have demonstrated that bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), a member of the gammaherpesviridae family, has oncolytic potential in some human-origin cancer cell lines like glioma through the selective replication strategy. Using four apoptosis detection methods, namely MTT, LDH, TUNEL, and Annexin V assays, we evaluated the apoptotic effect of BoHV-4 Movar33/63 reference strain along with a recombinant BoHV-4 expressing EGFP in U87 MG cells (human glioblastoma cell line), MDA MB-231 (human breast cancer cell line), and MCF10a (non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line). Our findings indicate that this virus can replicate and induce apoptosis in these cell lines and hinder in vitro proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, BoHV-4 has in vitro potential as a novel oncolytic virus in human cancer therapy. However, its replication potential in the MCF10a cells as a non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line is a concern in using this virus in cancer therapy, at least against human mammary tumors. Further studies must therefore be conducted to examine the specific apoptotic pathways induced by this virus to move on to further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Aligholipour Farzani
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine (IDIM), University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seval Bilge Dagalp
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurdal
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firat Dogan
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Feray Alkan
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Guerrero R, Guerrero C, Acosta O. Induction of Cell Death in the Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line Reh by Infection with Rotavirus Isolate Wt1-5. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E242. [PMID: 32722005 PMCID: PMC7460319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem that poses a great challenge to health care systems worldwide. Tools for cancer treatment have rapidly advanced in recent years, resulting in therapeutic strategies which are alternative and complementary to conventional treatment. To identify the cell surface receptors used by a tumor cell-adapted rotavirus and the cell death markers induced by its infection, we use Wt1-5, a rotavirus isolate recently adapted to tumor cells, to infect the human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Reh. The expression of cell surface receptors used by Wt1-5 was determined using flow cytometry and an antibody blocking assay to test for their implication in virus infection. Viral antigens and cell death markers induced by rotavirus infection were followed by flow cytometric analysis. The present study showed that rotavirus Wt1-5 was able to use cell surface proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) 90, 70, 60 and 40, Hsc70, PDI and integrin β3. Rotavirus Wt1-5 induced cytotoxic effects including changes in cell membrane permeability, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and activation of cell death signaling. Wt1-5 deserves to be further studied as a candidate oncolytic agent due to its ability to induce apoptosis in lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Guerrero
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Bloque 47, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (R.G.); (O.A.)
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7
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Zhang Y, Liu Z. Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Tumor: Current Clinical Status. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4251-4263. [PMID: 31682207 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191104090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, as novel biological anti-tumor agents, provide anti-tumor therapeutic effects by different mechanisms including directly selective tumor cell lysis and secondary systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Some wide-type and genetically engineered oncolytic viruses have been applied in clinical trials. Among them, T-Vec has a significant therapeutic effect on melanoma patients and received the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first oncolytic virus to treat cancer in the US. However, the mechanisms of virus interaction with tumor and immune systems have not been clearly elucidated and there are still no "gold standards" for instructions of virotherapy in clinical trials. This Review collected the recent clinical trials data from 2005 to summarize the basic oncolytic viruses biology, describe the application in recent clinical trials, and discuss the challenges in the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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8
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Oncolytic immunotherapy and bortezomib synergy improves survival of refractory multiple myeloma in a preclinical model. Blood Adv 2020; 3:797-812. [PMID: 30850386 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018025593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncolytic reovirus (RV) has demonstrated clinical efficacy and minimal toxicity in a variety of cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). MM is a malignancy of plasma cells that is considered treatable but incurable because of the 90% relapse rate that is primarily from drug resistance. The systemic nature of MM and the antitumor immunosuppression by its tumor microenvironment presents an ongoing therapeutic challenge. In the present study, we demonstrate that RV synergizes with the standard-of-care MM drug bortezomib (BTZ) and, importantly, enhances its therapeutic potential in therapy-resistant human MM cell lines in vitro. Using the syngeneic Vk*MYC BTZ-resistant immunocompetent transplantable MM murine model, we also demonstrate that mice harboring BTZ-insensitive MM tumors respond to the RV/BTZ combination treatment in terms of decreased tumor burden and improved overall survival (P < .00001). We demonstrate that BTZ augments RV replication in tumor-associated endothelial cells and myeloma cells, leading to enhanced viral delivery and thereby stimulating cytokine release, immune activity, apoptosis, and reduction of the MM-associated immune suppression. We conclude that combined RV/BTZ is an attractive therapeutic strategy with no safety signals for the treatment of MM.
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9
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Banijamali RS, Soleimanjahi H, Soudi S, Karimi H, Abdoli A, Seyed Khorrami SM, Zandi K. Kinetics of Oncolytic Reovirus T3D Replication and Growth Pattern in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:283-292. [PMID: 31863653 PMCID: PMC6947011 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Currently, application of oncolytic-virus in cancer treatment of clinical trials are growing. Oncolytic-reovirus
is an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic agent for clinical testing. Many studies used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as
a carrier cell to enhance the delivery and quality of treatment with oncolytic-virotherapy. But, biosynthetic capacity and
behavior of cells in response to viral infections are different. The infecting process of reoviruses takes from two-hours
to one-week, depends on host cell and the duration of different stages of virus replication cycle. The latter includes
the binding of virus particle, entry, uncoating, assembly and release of progeny-viruses. We evaluated the timing
and infection cycle of reovirus type-3 strain Dearing (T3D), using one-step replication experiment by molecular and
conventional methods in MSCs and L929 cell as control.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, L929 and adipose-derived MSCs were infected with different
multiplicities of infection (MOI) of reovirus T3D. At different time points, the quantity of progeny viruses has been
measured using virus titration assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate
the ability of these cells to support the reovirus replication. One-step growth cycle were examined by 50% cell culture
infectious dose (CCID50) and qRT-PCR.
Results The growth curve of reovirus in cells shows that MOI: 1 might be optimal for virus production compared to higher
and lower MOIs. The maximum quantity of virus production using MOI: 1 was achieved at 48-hours post-infection. The
infectious virus titer became stationary at 72-hours post-infection and then gradually decreased. The virus cytopathic
effect was obvious in MSCs and this cells were susceptible to reovirus infection and support the virus replication.
Conclusion Our data highlights the timing schedule for reovirus replication, kinetics models and burst size. Further
investigation is recommended to better understanding of the challenges and opportunities, for using MSCs loaded with
reovirus in cancer-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Sadat Banijamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Karimi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Jiang X, Fan X, Xu W, Zhao C, Wu H, Zhang R, Wu G. Self-assembled peptide nanoparticles responsive to multiple tumor microenvironment triggers provide highly efficient targeted delivery and release of antitumor drug. J Control Release 2019; 316:196-207. [PMID: 31682910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems based on tumor microenvironment conditions show tremendous promise to enhance tumor-targeted delivery and drug release. Herein, a multifunctional peptide (P51) was developed for programmed delivery of the hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agent pirarubicin. P51 was prepared with a ligand-specific targeting for the cancer biomarker Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), and three tumor microenvironment-sensitive release triggers, acid environment, reducing agent, and a specific enzyme. The peptides Cys-s-s-Cys (disulfide linkage) and Pro-Val-Gly-Leu-Ile-Gly correspond to the cleavage sites of a reducing agent (DTT) and an enzyme (MMP-2). The peptides act as a junction between Ser-Glu-Glu-Asp-Pro (a negatively charged sequence) and a 41-residue peptide containing an α-helix that has the capacity to encapsulate pirarubicin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions can be disrupted by the acidic tumor microenvironment. Self-assembly of P51 and pirarubicin (P51-THP NPs) results into stable spherical nanoparticles in a single step. We have demonstrated that the acid environment, DTT, and MMP-2 stimulate the release of pirarubicin from P51-THP NPs and, more importantly, the efficiency of drug release is markedly increased when all three release triggers are present. In addition, more effective tumor targeting, antitumor effect, and reduced systemic toxicity of P51-THP NPs have been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Jiang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggui Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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NF-κB Signaling in Targeting Tumor Cells by Oncolytic Viruses-Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110426. [PMID: 30413032 PMCID: PMC6265863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy became a promising therapeutic approach, leading to the introduction of a novel generation of anticancer drugs. However, despite evoking an antitumor response, introducing an oncolytic virus (OV) to the patient is still inefficient to overcome both tumor protective mechanisms and the limitation of viral replication by the host. In cancer treatment, nuclear factor (NF)-κB has been extensively studied among important therapeutic targets. The pleiotropic nature of NF-κB transcription factor includes its involvement in immunity and tumorigenesis. Therefore, in many types of cancer, aberrant activation of NF-κB can be observed. At the same time, the activity of NF-κB can be modified by OVs, which trigger an immune response and modulate NF-κB signaling. Due to the limitation of a monotherapy exploiting OVs only, the antitumor effect can be enhanced by combining OV with NF-κB-modulating drugs. This review describes the influence of OVs on NF-κB activation in tumor cells showing NF-κB signaling as an important aspect, which should be taken into consideration when targeting tumor cells by OVs.
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12
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Arab A, Behravan N, Razazn A, Barati N, Mosaffa F, Nicastro J, Slavcev R, Behravan J. The viral approach to breast cancer immunotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1257-1267. [PMID: 30146692 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of intensive research, breast cancer remains the leading cause of death in women worldwide. New technologies including oncolytic virus therapies, virus, and phage display are among the most powerful and advanced methods that have emerged in recent years with potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. Oncolytic virus therapy is an interesting strategy for cancer treatment. Presently, a number of viruses from different virus families are under laboratory and clinical investigation as oncolytic therapeutics. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been shown to be able to induce and initiate a systemic antitumor immune response. The possibility of application of a multimodal therapy using a combination of the OV therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer antigen vaccination holds a great promise in the future of cancer immunotherapy. Display of immunologic peptides on bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) is also increasingly being considered as a new and strong cancer vaccine delivery strategy. In phage display immunotherapy, a peptide or protein antigen is presented by genetic fusions to the phage coat proteins, and the phage construct formulation acts as a protective or preventive vaccine against cancer. In our laboratory, we have recently tested a few peptides (E75, AE37, and GP2) derived from HER2/neu proto-oncogene as vaccine delivery modalities for the treatment of TUBO breast cancer xenograft tumors of BALB/c mice. Here, in this paper, we discuss the latest advancements in the applications of OVs and bacterial viruses display systems as new and advanced modalities in cancer immune therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Arab
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Razazn
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nastaran Barati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jessica Nicastro
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Roderick Slavcev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Mostafa AA, Meyers DE, Thirukkumaran CM, Liu PJ, Gratton K, Spurrell J, Shi Q, Thakur S, Morris DG. Oncolytic Reovirus and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060205. [PMID: 29914097 PMCID: PMC6025420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the current efficacy of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as monotherapy is limited, exploration of OVs as part of a broader immunotherapeutic treatment strategy for cancer is necessary. Here, we investigated the ability for immune checkpoint blockade to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic reovirus (RV) for the treatment of breast cancer (BrCa). In vitro, oncolysis and cytokine production were assessed in human and murine BrCa cell lines following RV exposure. Furthermore, RV-induced upregulation of tumor cell PD-L1 was evaluated. In vivo, the immunocompetent, syngeneic EMT6 murine model of BrCa was employed to determine therapeutic and tumor-specific immune responses following treatment with RV, anti-PD-1 antibodies or in combination. RV-mediated oncolysis and cytokine production were observed following BrCa cell infection and RV upregulated tumor cell expression of PD-L1. In vivo, RV monotherapy significantly reduced disease burden and enhanced survival in treated mice, and was further enhanced by PD-1 blockade. RV therapy increased the number of intratumoral regulatory T cells, which was reversed by the addition of PD-1 blockade. Finally, dual treatment led to the generation of a systemic adaptive anti-tumor immune response evidenced by an increase in tumor-specific IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells, and immunity from tumor re-challenge. The combination of PD-1 blockade and RV appears to be an efficacious immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of BrCa, and warrants further investigation in early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mostafa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Calgary Lab Services, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Meyers
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Chandini M Thirukkumaran
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Peter J Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Kathy Gratton
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Jason Spurrell
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Qiao Shi
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Satbir Thakur
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Don G Morris
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
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14
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Grein TA, Loewe D, Dieken H, Salzig D, Weidner T, Czermak P. High titer oncolytic measles virus production process by integration of dielectric spectroscopy as online monitoring system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1186-1194. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A. Grein
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Hauke Dieken
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Pharmaceutical Technology; University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Giessen Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME); Project group Bioresources; Giessen Germany
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15
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Inagaki Y, Kubota E, Mori Y, Aoyama M, Kataoka H, Johnston RN, Joh T. Anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic reovirus against gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115632-115646. [PMID: 29383187 PMCID: PMC5777799 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used as the standard initial therapy against inoperable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, GIST can acquire resistance to imatinib within several years of therapy. The development of oncolytic reovirus as an anticancer agent has expanded to many clinical trials for various tumors. Here, we investigated whether reovirus has antitumor activity against GIST cells in the setting of imatinib sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed using a human GIST cell line, GIST-T1, and imatinib-resistant GIST (GIST-IR) cells that we established. The molecular pathways responsible for cell damage by reovirus were explored using PCR-arrays and Western blots. Reovirus significantly induced apoptotic cell death in GIST-T1 and GIST-IR cells in vitro, despite differences in the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase pathways between GIST-T1 and GIST-IR. Molecular assays indicated the possibility that reovirus induces apoptotic cell death via Fas signaling. Furthermore, in vivo mouse tumor xenograft models demonstrated a significant anti-tumor effect of reovirus on both GIST-T1 and GIST-IR cells. Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of reovirus against GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inagaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Kita-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Randal N Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Characterization of a Replicating Mammalian Orthoreovirus with Tetracysteine-Tagged μNS for Live-Cell Visualization of Viral Factories. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01371-17. [PMID: 28878073 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01371-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Within infected host cells, mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) forms viral factories (VFs), which are sites of viral transcription, translation, assembly, and replication. The MRV nonstructural protein μNS comprises the structural matrix of VFs and is involved in recruiting other viral proteins to VF structures. Previous attempts have been made to visualize VF dynamics in live cells, but due to current limitations in recovery of replicating reoviruses carrying large fluorescent protein tags, researchers have been unable to directly assess VF dynamics from virus-produced μNS. We set out to develop a method to overcome this obstacle by utilizing the 6-amino-acid (CCPGCC) tetracysteine (TC) tag and FlAsH-EDT2 reagent. The TC tag was introduced into eight sites throughout μNS, and the capacity of the TC-μNS fusion proteins to form virus factory-like (VFL) structures and colocalize with virus proteins was characterized. Insertion of the TC tag interfered with recombinant virus rescue in six of the eight mutants, likely as a result of loss of VF formation or important virus protein interactions. However, two recombinant (r)TC-μNS viruses were rescued and VF formation, colocalization with associating virus proteins, and characterization of virus replication were subsequently examined. Furthermore, the rTC-μNS viruses were utilized to infect cells and examine VF dynamics using live-cell microscopy. These experiments demonstrate active VF movement with fusion events as well as transient interactions between individual VFs and demonstrate the importance of microtubule stability for VF fusion during MRV infection. This work provides important groundwork for future in-depth studies of VF dynamics and host cell interactions.IMPORTANCE MRV has historically been used as a model to study the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Reoviridae family, the members of which infect and cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. During infection, MRV forms VFs that play a critical role in virus infection but remain to be fully characterized. To study VFs, researchers have focused on visualizing the nonstructural protein μNS, which forms the VF matrix. This work provides the first evidence of recovery of replicating reoviruses in which VFs can be labeled in live cells via introduction of a TC tag into the μNS open reading frame. Characterization of each recombinant reovirus sheds light on μNS interactions with viral proteins. Moreover, utilizing the TC-labeling FlAsH-EDT2 biarsenical reagent to visualize VFs, evidence is provided of dynamic VF movement and interactions at least partially dependent on intact microtubules.
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Mammalian Orthoreovirus Factories Modulate Stress Granule Protein Localization by Interaction with G3BP1. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01298-17. [PMID: 28794026 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01298-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infection induces phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, which promotes the formation of discrete cytoplasmic inclusions, termed stress granules (SGs). SGs are emerging as a component of the innate immune response to virus infection, and modulation of SG assembly is a common mechanism employed by viruses to counter this antiviral response. We previously showed that MRV infection induces SGs early and then interferes with SG formation as infection proceeds. In this work, we found that SG-associated proteins localized to the periphery of virus-encoded cytoplasmic structures, termed virus factories (VFs), where viral transcription, translation, and replication occur. The localization of SG proteins to VFs was dependent on polysome dissociation and occurred via association of the SG effector protein, Ras-GAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), with the MRV nonstructural protein σNS, which localizes to VFs via association with VF nucleating protein, μNS. Deletion analysis of the σNS RNA binding domain and G3BP1 RNA (RRM) and ribosomal (RGG) binding domains showed that σNS association and VF localization phenotypes of G3BP1 do not occur solely through RNA or ribosomal binding but require both the RRM and RGG domains of G3BP1 for maximal viral-factory-like structure (VFL) localization and σNS association. Coexpression of σNS and μNS resulted in disruption of normal SG puncta, and in cells lacking G3BP1, MRV replication was enhanced in a manner correlating with strain-dependent induction of host translation shutoff. These results suggest that σNS association with G3BP1 and relocalization of G3BP1 to the VF periphery play roles in SG disruption to facilitate MRV replication in the host translational shutoff environment.IMPORTANCE SGs and SG effector proteins have emerged as important, yet poorly understood, players in the host's innate immune response to virus infection. MRV infection induces SGs early during infection that are dispersed and/or prevented from forming during late stages of infection despite continued activation of the eIF2α signaling pathway. Cellular and viral components involved in disruption of SGs during late stages of MRV infection remain to be elucidated. This work provides evidence that MRV disruption of SGs may be facilitated by association of the MRV nonstructural protein σNS with the major SG effector protein G3BP1 and subsequent localization of G3BP1 and other SG-associated proteins around the peripheries of virus-encoded factories, interrupting the normal formation of SGs. Our findings also reveal the importance of G3BP1 as an inhibitor of MRV replication during infection for the first time.
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18
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Bernstein V, Ellard SL, Dent SF, Tu D, Mates M, Dhesy-Thind SK, Panasci L, Gelmon KA, Salim M, Song X, Clemons M, Ksienski D, Verma S, Simmons C, Lui H, Chi K, Feilotter H, Hagerman LJ, Seymour L. A randomized phase II study of weekly paclitaxel with or without pelareorep in patients with metastatic breast cancer: final analysis of Canadian Cancer Trials Group IND.213. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:485-493. [PMID: 29027598 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelareorep, a serotype 3 reovirus, has demonstrated preclinical and early clinical activity in breast cancer and synergistic cytotoxic activity with microtubule targeting agents. This multicentre, randomized, phase II trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding pelareorep to paclitaxel for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). METHODS Following a safety run-in of 7 patients, 74 women with previously treated mBC were randomized either to paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks plus pelareorep 3 × 1010 TCID50 intravenously on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 every 4 weeks (Arm A) or to paclitaxel alone (Arm B). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate, overall survival (OS), circulating tumour cell counts, safety, and exploratory correlative analyses. All comparisons used a two-sided test at an alpha level of 20%. Survival analyses were adjusted for prior paclitaxel. RESULTS Final analysis was performed after a median follow-up of 29.5 months. Pelareorep was well tolerated. Patients in Arm A had more favourable baseline prognostic variables. Median adjusted PFS (Arm A vs B) was 3.78 mo vs 3.38 mo (HR 1.04, 80% CI 0.76-1.43, P = 0.87). There was no difference in response rate between arms (P = 0.87). Median OS (Arm A vs B) was 17.4 mo vs 10.4 mo (HR 0.65, 80% CI 0.46-0.91, P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS This first, phase II, randomized study of pelareorep and paclitaxel in previously treated mBC did not show a difference in PFS (the primary endpoint) or RR. However, there was a significantly longer OS for the combination. Further exploration of this regimen in mBC may be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bernstein
- BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada.
| | | | - S F Dent
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D Tu
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Mates
- Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - L Panasci
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - M Salim
- Allan Blair Cancer Centre, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - X Song
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Clemons
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D Ksienski
- BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - S Verma
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C Simmons
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Lui
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K Chi
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - L J Hagerman
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - L Seymour
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Alternative Splicing in Breast Cancer and the Potential Development of Therapeutic Tools. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100217. [PMID: 28981467 PMCID: PMC5664086 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism now considered as a hallmark of cancer that has been associated with the expression of distinct isoforms during the onset and progression of the disease. The leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide is breast cancer, and even when the role of alternative splicing in this type of cancer has been established, the function of this mechanism in breast cancer biology is not completely decoded. In order to gain a comprehensive view of the role of alternative splicing in breast cancer biology and development, we summarize here recent findings regarding alternative splicing events that have been well documented for breast cancer evolution, considering its prognostic and therapeutic value. Moreover, we analyze how the response to endocrine and chemical therapies could be affected due to alternative splicing and differential expression of variant isoforms. With all this knowledge, it becomes clear that targeting alternative splicing represents an innovative approach for breast cancer therapeutics and the information derived from current studies could guide clinical decisions with a direct impact in the clinical advances for breast cancer patients nowadays.
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20
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Efimova MA, Shah Mahmud R, Zelenikhin PV, Sabirova MI, Kolpakov AI, Ilinskaya ON. Exogenous Bacillus pumilus RNase (binase) suppresses the reproduction of reovirus serotype 1. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316060042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Grein TA, Schwebel F, Kress M, Loewe D, Dieken H, Salzig D, Weidner T, Czermak P. Screening different host cell lines for the dynamic production of measles virus. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:989-997. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A. Grein
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Felix Schwebel
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Marco Kress
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Daniel Loewe
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Hauke Dieken
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Fraunhofer Inst. for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources; Giessen Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Fraunhofer Inst. for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group Bioresources; Giessen Germany
- Inst. of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Live Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen; Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen 35390 Germany
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS 66506
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22
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Oncolytic virus efficiency inhibited growth of tumour cells with multiple drug resistant phenotype in vivo and in vitro. J Transl Med 2016; 14:241. [PMID: 27538520 PMCID: PMC4989492 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour resistance to a wide range of drugs (multiple drug resistant, MDR) acquired after intensive chemotherapy is considered to be the main obstacle of the curative treatment of cancer patients. Recent work has shown that oncolytic viruses demonstrated prominent potential for effective treatment of diverse cancers. Here, we evaluated whether genetically modified vaccinia virus (LIVP-GFP) may be effective in treatment of cancers displaying MDR phenotype. Methods LIVP-GFP replication, transgene expression and cytopathic effects were analysed in human cervical carcinomas KB-3-1 (MDR−), KB-8-5 (MDR+) and in murine melanoma B-16 (MDR−), murine lymphosarcomas RLS and RLS-40 (MDR+). To investigate the efficacy of this therapy in vivo, we treated immunocompetent mice bearing murine lymphosarcoma RLS-40 (MDR+) (6- to 8-week-old female CBA mice; n = 10/group) or melanoma B-16 (MDR−) (6- to 8-week-old female C57Bl mice; n = 6/group) with LIVP-GFP (5 × 107 PFU of virus in 0.1 mL of IMDM immediately and 4 days after tumour implantation). Results We demonstrated that LIVP-GFP replication was effective in human cervical carcinomas KB-3-1 (MDR−) and KB-8-5 (MDR+) and in murine melanoma B-16 (MDR−), whereas active viral production was not detected in murine lymphosarcomas RLS and RLS-40 (MDR+). Additionally, it was found that in tumour models in immunocompetent mice under the optimized regimen intratumoural injections of LIVP-GFP significantly inhibited melanoma B16 (33 % of mice were with complete response after 90 days) and RLS-40 tumour growth (fourfold increase in tumour doubling time) as well as metastasis. Conclusion The anti-tumour activity of LIVP-GFP is a result of direct oncolysis of tumour cells in case of melanoma B-16 because the virus effectively replicates and destroys these cells, and virus-mediated activation of the host immune system followed by immunologically mediated destruction of of tumour cells in case of lymphosarcoma RLS-40. Thus, the recombinant vaccinia virus LIVP-GFP is able to inhibit the growth of malignant cells with the MDR phenotype and tumour metastasis when administered in the early stages of tumour development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1002-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Saha D, Ahmed SS, Rabkin SD. EXPLORING THE ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF VIRUS IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA. DRUG FUTURE 2015; 40:739-749. [PMID: 26855472 DOI: 10.1358/dof.2015.040.11.2383070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor with no effective treatments. Current conventional therapies (surgical resection, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and bevacizumab administration) typically fail to eradicate the tumors resulting in the recurrence of treatment-resistant tumors. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are excellent candidates as a more effective therapeutic strategy for aggressive cancers like malignant gliomas since OVs have a natural preference or have been genetically engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells. OVs have been used in numerous preclinical studies in malignant glioma, and a large number of clinical trials using OVs have been completed or are underway that have demonstrated safety, as well as provided indications of effective antiglioma activity. In this review, we will focus on those OVs that have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant gliomas (herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, reovirus, poliovirus, Newcastle disease virus, measles virus, and retrovirus) and OVs examined preclinically (vesicular stomatitis virus and myxoma virus), and describe how these agents are being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipongkor Saha
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Seemin S Ahmed
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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