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Piccinini L, Nirina Ramamonjy F, Ursache R. Imaging plant cell walls using fluorescent stains: The beauty is in the details. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38477035 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants continuously face various environmental stressors throughout their lifetime. To be able to grow and adapt in different environments, they developed specialized tissues that allowed them to maintain a protected yet interconnected body. These tissues undergo specific primary and secondary cell wall modifications that are essential to ensure normal plant growth, adaptation and successful land colonization. The composition of cell walls can vary among different plant species, organs and tissues. The ability to remodel their cell walls is fundamental for plants to be able to cope with multiple biotic and abiotic stressors. A better understanding of the changes taking place in plant cell walls may help identify and develop new strategies as well as tools to enhance plants' survival under environmental stresses or prevent pathogen attack. Since the invention of microscopy, numerous imaging techniques have been developed to determine the composition and dynamics of plant cell walls during normal growth and in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we discuss the main advances in imaging plant cell walls, with a particular focus on fluorescent stains for different cell wall components and their compatibility with tissue clearing techniques. Lay Description: Plants are continuously subjected to various environmental stresses during their lifespan. They evolved specialized tissues that thrive in different environments, enabling them to maintain a protected yet interconnected body. Such tissues undergo distinct primary and secondary cell wall alterations essential to normal plant growth, their adaptability and successful land colonization. Cell wall composition may differ among various plant species, organs and even tissues. To deal with various biotic and abiotic stresses, plants must have the capacity to remodel their cell walls. Gaining insight into changes that take place in plant cell walls will help identify and create novel tools and strategies to improve plants' ability to withstand environmental challenges. Multiple imaging techniques have been developed since the introduction of microscopy to analyse the composition and dynamics of plant cell walls during growth and in response to environmental changes. Advancements in plant tissue cleaning procedures and their compatibility with cell wall stains have significantly enhanced our ability to perform high-resolution cell wall imaging. At the same time, several factors influence the effectiveness of cleaning and staining plant specimens, as well as the time necessary for the process, including the specimen's size, thickness, tissue complexity and the presence of autofluorescence. In this review, we will discuss the major advances in imaging plant cell walls, with a particular emphasis on fluorescent stains for diverse cell wall components and their compatibility with tissue clearing techniques. We hope that this review will assist readers in selecting the most appropriate stain or combination of stains to highlight specific cell wall components of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccinini
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabien Nirina Ramamonjy
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Qin N, Li L, Wan X, Ji X, Chen Y, Li C, Liu P, Zhang Y, Yang W, Jiang J, Xia J, Shi S, Tan T, Nielsen J, Chen Y, Liu Z. Increased CO 2 fixation enables high carbon-yield production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid in yeast. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1591. [PMID: 38383540 PMCID: PMC10881976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CO2 fixation plays a key role to make biobased production cost competitive. Here, we use 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) to showcase how CO2 fixation enables approaching theoretical-yield production. Using genome-scale metabolic models to calculate the production envelope, we demonstrate that the provision of bicarbonate, formed from CO2, restricts previous attempts for high yield production of 3-HP. We thus develop multiple strategies for bicarbonate uptake, including the identification of Sul1 as a potential bicarbonate transporter, domain swapping of malonyl-CoA reductase, identification of Esbp6 as a potential 3-HP exporter, and deletion of Uga1 to prevent 3-HP degradation. The combined rational engineering increases 3-HP production from 0.14 g/L to 11.25 g/L in shake flask using 20 g/L glucose, approaching the maximum theoretical yield with concurrent biomass formation. The engineered yeast forms the basis for commercialization of bio-acrylic acid, while our CO2 fixation strategies pave the way for CO2 being used as the sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaozhen Wan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xu Ji
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ping Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jianye Xia
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Zihe Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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3
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Coradello G, Setti C, Donno R, Ghibaudi M, Catalano F, Tirelli N. A Quantitative Re-Assessment of Microencapsulation in (Pre-Treated) Yeast. Molecules 2024; 29:539. [PMID: 38276617 PMCID: PMC10818300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Most hydrophobes easily diffuse into yeast cells, where they experience reduced evaporation and protection from oxidation, thus allowing inherently biocompatible encapsulation processes. Despite a long-standing industrial interest, the effect of parameters such as how is yeast pre-treated (extraction with ethanol, plasmolysis with hypertonic NaCl, depletion to cell walls), the polarity of the hydrophobes and the process conditions are still not fully understood. Here, we have developed thorough analytical protocols to assess how the effects of the above on S. cerevisiae's morphology, permeability, and encapsulation efficiency, using three differently polar hydrophobes (linalool, 1,6-dihydrocarvone, limonene) and three separate processes (hydrophobes as pure 'oils', water dispersions, or acetone solutions). The harsher the pre-treatment (depleted > plasmolyzed/extracted > untreated cells), the easier the diffusion into yeast became, and the lower both encapsulation efficiency and protection from evaporation, possibly due to denaturation/removal of lipid-associated (membrane) proteins. More hydrophobic terpenes performed worst in encapsulation as pure 'oils' or in water dispersion, but much less of a difference existed in acetone. This indicates the specific advantage of solvents/dispersants for 'difficult' compounds, which was confirmed by principal component analysis; furthering this concept, we have used combinations of hydrophobes (e.g., linalool and α-tocopherol), with one acting as solvent/enhancer for the other. Our results thus indicate advantages in using untreated yeast and-if necessary-processes based on solvents/secondary hydrophobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coradello
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (G.C.); (C.S.); (M.G.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Setti
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (G.C.); (C.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (G.C.); (C.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Matilde Ghibaudi
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (G.C.); (C.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (G.C.); (C.S.); (M.G.)
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Zvonarev A, Ledova L, Ryazanova L, Valiakhmetov A, Farofonova V, Kulakovskaya T. The YBR056W-A and Its Ortholog YDR034W-B of S. cerevisiae Belonging to CYSTM Family Participate in Manganese Stress Overcoming. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050987. [PMID: 37239347 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The CYSTM (cysteine-rich transmembrane module) protein family comprises small molecular cysteine-rich tail-anchored membrane proteins found in many eukaryotes. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying the CYSTM genes YDRO34W-B and YBR056W-A (MNC1) fused with GFP were used to test the expression of these genes under different stresses. The YBR056W-A (MNC1) and YDR034W-B genes are expressed under stress conditions caused by the toxic concentrations of heavy metal ions, such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cuprum, and 2.4-dinitrophenol uncoupler. The expression level of YDR034W-B was higher than that of YBR056W-A under alkali and cadmium stresses. The Ydr034w-b-GFP and Ybr056w-a-GFP proteins differ in the cellular localization: Ydr034w-b-GFP was mainly observed in the plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane, while Ybr056w-a-GFP was observed in the cytoplasm, probably in intracellular membranes. The null-mutants in both genes demonstrated decreased cell concentration and lytic phenotype when cultivated in the presence of excess manganese. This allows for speculations about the involvement of Mnc1 and Ydr034w-b proteins in manganese stress overcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Zvonarev
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Larisa Ledova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lubov Ryazanova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Airat Valiakhmetov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vasilina Farofonova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kulakovskaya
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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5
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Xia L, Lv Y, Liu S, Yu S, Zeng W, Zhou J. Enhancing Squalene Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Metabolic Engineering and Random Mutagenesis. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.790261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene is an important polyunsaturated triterpene with wide applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, the main method for squalene production is extraction from oil-producing plants, but the scale is limited. The microbial fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae still needs improvement to be economically viable. This study aimed to improve squalene production by metabolic engineering and random mutagenesis. First, the mevalonate (MVA) pathway was enhanced, by integrating tHMG1 and IDI1 into multi-copy site Ty2. Subsequently, the ACL gene from Yarrowia lipolytica, encoding citrate lyase was introduced and the β-oxidation pathway was enhanced with multiple copies of key genes. In addition, a high throughput screening strategy based on Nile red staining was established for high squalene-producer screening. After treatment with ARTP mutagenesis, a higher-producing mutant was obtained, with squalene production enhanced by 18.4%. A two-stage fermentation of this mutant in a 5 L bioreactor produced 8.2 g/L of squalene. These findings may facilitate the development of industrial squalene production by fermentation and potentially, other terpenoids.
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Watchaputi K, Somboon P, Phromma-in N, Ratanakhanokchai K, Soontorngun N. Actin cytoskeletal inhibitor 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q sensitizes yeast cells lacking ERG6 through actin-targeting and secondarily through disruption of lipid homeostasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7779. [PMID: 33833332 PMCID: PMC8032726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive uses of antifungals result in a worldwide crisis of drug resistance; therefore, natural fungicides with minimal side-effects are currently sought after. This study aimed to investigate antifungal property of 19, 20-epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ), derived from medicinal mushroom Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 of tropical forests. In a model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ECQ is more toxic in the erg6∆ strain, which has previously been shown to allow higher uptake of many hydrophilic toxins. We selected one pathway to study the effects of ECQ at very high levels on transcription: the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, which is unlikely to be the primary target of ECQ. Ergosterol serves many functions that cholesterol does in human cells. ECQ's transcriptional effects were correlated with altered sterol and triacylglycerol levels. In the ECQ-treated Δerg6 strain, which presumably takes up far more ECQ than the wild-type strain, there was cell rupture. Increased actin aggregation and lipid droplets assembly were also found in the erg6∆ mutant. Thereby, ECQ is suggested to sensitize yeast cells lacking ERG6 through actin-targeting and consequently but not primarily led to disruption of lipid homeostasis. Investigation of cytochalasins may provide valuable insight with potential biopharmaceutical applications in treatments of fungal infection, cancer or metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanrutai Watchaputi
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Pichayada Somboon
- grid.419784.70000 0001 0816 7508Division of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520 Thailand
| | - Nipatthra Phromma-in
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- grid.412151.20000 0000 8921 9789Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150 Thailand
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7
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Ramírez-Castrillón M, Jaramillo-Garcia VP, Lopes Barros H, Pegas Henriques JA, Stefani V, Valente P. Nile Red Incubation Time Before Reading Fluorescence Greatly Influences the Yeast Neutral Lipids Quantification. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619313. [PMID: 33746916 PMCID: PMC7969498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening methodologies to estimate lipid content in oleaginous yeasts use Nile red fluorescence in a given solvent and optimized excitation/emission wavelengths. However, Nile red fluorescence stabilization has been poorly analyzed, and high variability occurs when relative fluorescence is measured immediately or a few minutes after dye addition. The aim of this work was to analyze the fluorescence of Nile red at different incubation times using a variety of solvents and oleaginous/non-oleaginous yeast strains. We showed that fluorescence stabilization occurs between 20 and 30 min, depending on the strain and solvent. Therefore, we suggest that fluorescence measurements should be followed until stabilization, where Relative Fluorescence Units should be considered after stabilization for lipid content estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Ramírez-Castrillón
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Research Group in Mycology (GIM), Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Victoria P. Jaramillo-Garcia
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helio Lopes Barros
- New Organic Materials and Forensic Chemistry Laboratory (LNMO-QF), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João A. Pegas Henriques
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valter Stefani
- New Organic Materials and Forensic Chemistry Laboratory (LNMO-QF), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Valente
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Thanh Nguyen H, Zhang R, Inokawa N, Oura T, Chen X, Iwatani S, Niimi K, Niimi M, Holmes AR, Cannon RD, Kajiwara S. Candida albicans Bgl2p, Ecm33p, and Als1p proteins are involved in adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1879497. [PMID: 33628397 PMCID: PMC7889271 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1879497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes oral candidiasis. A previous study showed that Bgl2p and Ecm33p may mediate the interaction between the yeast and saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA; a model for the tooth surface). This study investigated the roles of these cell wall proteins in the adherence of C. albicans to SHA beads. Methods: C. albicans BGL2 and ECM33 null mutants were generated from wild-type strain SC5314 by using the SAT1-flipper gene disruption method. A novel method based on labelling the yeast with Nile red, was used to investigate the adherence. Results: Adhesion of bgl2Δ and ecm33Δ null mutants to SHA beads was 76.4% and 64.8% of the wild-type strain, respectively. Interestingly, the adhesion of the bgl2Δ, ecm33Δ double mutant (87.7%) was higher than that of both single mutants. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the ALS1 gene was over-expressed in the bgl2Δ, ecm33Δ strain. The triple null mutant showed a significantly reduced adherence to the beads, (37.6%), compared to the wild-type strain. Conclusion: Bgl2p and Ecm33p contributed to the interaction between C. albicans and SHA beads. Deletion of these genes triggered overexpression of the ALS1 gene in the bgl2Δ/ecm33Δ mutant strain, and deletion of all three genes caused a significant decrease in adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rouyu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Inokawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shun Iwatani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Niimi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Niimi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ann Rachel Holmes
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard David Cannon
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Rong X, Xu ZY, Yan JW, Meng ZZ, Zhu B, Zhang L. Nile-Red-Based Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of Biothiols, Computational Study, and Application in Cell Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204718. [PMID: 33066675 PMCID: PMC7587360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new colorimetric and fluorescence probe NRSH based on Nile-red chromophore for the detection of biothiols has been developed, exhibiting high selectivity towards biothiols over other interfering species. NRSH shows a blue shift in absorption peak upon reacting with biothiols, from 587 nm to 567 nm, which induces an obvious color change from blue to pink and exhibits a 35-fold fluorescence enhancement at 645 nm in red emission range. NRSH displays rapid (<1 min) response for H2S, which is faster than other biothiols (>5 min). The detection limits of probe NRSH towards biothiols are very low (22.05 nM for H2S, 34.04 nM for Cys, 107.28 nM for GSH and 113.65 nM for Hcy). Furthermore, NRSH is low cytotoxic and can be successfully applied as a bioimaging tool for real-time monitoring biothiols in HeLa cells. In addition, fluorescence mechanism of probe NRSH is further understood by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Rong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.R.); xuzhongyong-- (Z.-Y.X.); (J.-W.Y.); (Z.-Z.M.)
| | - Zhong-Yong Xu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.R.); xuzhongyong-- (Z.-Y.X.); (J.-W.Y.); (Z.-Z.M.)
| | - Jin-Wu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.R.); xuzhongyong-- (Z.-Y.X.); (J.-W.Y.); (Z.-Z.M.)
| | - Zhi-Zhong Meng
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.R.); xuzhongyong-- (Z.-Y.X.); (J.-W.Y.); (Z.-Z.M.)
| | - Bin Zhu
- Analytical and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-(20)-3938-0678 (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.R.); xuzhongyong-- (Z.-Y.X.); (J.-W.Y.); (Z.-Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-(20)-3938-0678 (L.Z.)
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10
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Dataset of Nile Red Fluorescence Readings with Different Yeast Strains, Solvents, and Incubation Times. DATA 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/data5030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used Nile red to estimate lipid content in oleaginous yeasts using a high-throughput approach. We measured the fluorescence intensity of Nile red using different solvents, yeast strains, and incubation times in optimized excitation/emission wavelengths. The data show the relative fluorescence units (RFU) for Nile red excitation, using 1× PBS, 1× PBS and 5% v/v isopropyl alcohol, 50% v/v glycerol, culture medium A-gly broth, and A-gly broth supplemented with 5% v/v DMSO. In addition, we showed the RFU for the Nile red dye for different oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeast strains, such as Meyerozyma guilliermondii BI281A, Yarrowia lipolytica QU21 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MRC164. Other measurements of lipid accumulation kinetics were shown for the above and additional yeast strains. These datasets provide the guidelines to obtain the optimal solvent system and the minimal interaction time for the Nile red dye to enter in the cells and obtain a stable readout.
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11
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Croce AC, Bottiroli G. Lipids: Evergreen autofluorescent biomarkers for the liver functional profiling. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2808. [PMID: 28735528 PMCID: PMC5460376 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on their chemical nature, lipids can be classified in two main categories: hydrophilic, greatly contributing to membrane composition and subcellular organelle compartmentalization, and hydrophobic, mostly triglycerides, greatly enrolled in the storage and production of energy. In both cases, some lipid molecules can be involved as signaling agents in the regulation of metabolism and protective or damaging pathways in responses to harmful stimuli. These events could affect in particular the liver, because of its central role in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis. Lipids have been demonstrated to fluoresce, contributing to the overall emission signal of the liver tissue along with other endogenous fluorophores, relatable to energy metabolism and oxidative events. The mere estimation of the fluorescing lipid fraction in parallel with the other endogenous fluorophores, and with the common biochemical and histochemical biomarkers of tissue injury has been exploited to investigate the liver morpho- functional conditions in experimental hepatology. More interestingly, the fluorescing lipid fraction is greatly relatable to free fatty acids such as arachidonic, linoleic and linolenic acid, which are deserving increasing attention as precursors of products involved in several and complex signaling pathways. On these bases, the ability of autofluorescence to detect directly arachidonic acid and its balance with other unsaturated fatty acids may be exploited in the diagnosis and follow-up of fatty livers, helping to improve the personalization of the metabolic/ lipidomic profiling. This could also contribute to elucidate the role of the injuring factors in the choice of suitable donors, and in the set-up of preservation procedures in liver transplantation.
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