1
|
Khodaei H, Azimi L, Akhavan Sepahy A, Ashrafi F, Rajabnejad M. Improved heat shock method for extracting total RNA from nasopharyngeal swab samples even with low viral load. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116210. [PMID: 38452554 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the heat shock method as a cost-effective and time-efficient for total RNA extraction. We compared the effectiveness of two total RNA extraction methods by using Real-Time PCR for nasopharynx swabs. Include: I; use of a commercial total RNA extraction kit as a standard. II; utilized a modified heat shock method (MHS). Time, centrifuge speed and duration, proteinase K, and RNA carrier were optimized. The optimized parameters included treating the sample with 5 μg/μL at 56°C for 5 minutes, heating at 95°C for 5 minutes followed by thermal shock in ice for 3 minutes, adding 4 μg/μL RNA carrier at room temperature for 3 minutes, and centrifuging at 7000 rpm for 10 minutes. This optimization demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (CI: 95%) even in samples with low viral load. Our in-house method presents a rapid, and cost-effective alternative for total RNA extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannan Khodaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rajabnejad
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kehl A, Aupperle-Lellbach H, de Brot S, van der Weyden L. Review of Molecular Technologies for Investigating Canine Cancer. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:769. [PMID: 38473154 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic molecular testing is starting to gain traction as part of standard clinical practice for dogs with cancer due to its multi-faceted benefits, such as potentially being able to provide diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic information. However, the benefits and ultimate success of genomic analysis in the clinical setting are reliant on the robustness of the tools used to generate the results, which continually expand as new technologies are developed. To this end, we review the different materials from which tumour cells, DNA, RNA and the relevant proteins can be isolated and what methods are available for interrogating their molecular profile, including analysis of the genetic alterations (both somatic and germline), transcriptional changes and epigenetic modifications (including DNA methylation/acetylation and microRNAs). We also look to the future and the tools that are currently being developed, such as using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify genetic mutations from histomorphological criteria. In summary, we find that the molecular genetic characterisation of canine neoplasms has made a promising start. As we understand more of the genetics underlying these tumours and more targeted therapies become available, it will no doubt become a mainstay in the delivery of precision veterinary care to dogs with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kehl
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Guan C, Li Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Han G. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Common Oral Diseases. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38366356 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Limiting and preventing oral diseases remains a major challenge to the health of populations around the world, so finding ways to detect early-stage diseases (e.g., caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer) and aiding in their prevention has always been an important clinical treatment concept. The development and application of electrochemical detection technology can provide important support for the early detection and non-invasive diagnosis of oral diseases and make up for the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods, which are highly sensitive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive. It detects specific disease markers in body fluids through electrochemical reactions, discovers early warning signals of diseases, and realizes rapid and reliable diagnosis. This paper comprehensively summarizes the development and application of electrochemical biosensors in the detection and diagnosis of common oral diseases in terms of application platforms, sensing types, and disease detection, and discusses the challenges faced by electrochemical biosensors in the detection of oral diseases as well as the great prospects for future applications, in the hope of providing important insights for the future development of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng D, Jiao J, Mo T. Combination of nucleic acid amplification and CRISPR/Cas technology in pathogen detection. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355234. [PMID: 38380103 PMCID: PMC10877009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Major health events caused by pathogenic microorganisms are increasing, seriously jeopardizing human lives. Currently PCR and ITA are widely used for rapid testing in food, medicine, industry and agriculture. However, due to the non-specificity of the amplification process, researchers have proposed the combination of nucleic acid amplification technology with the novel technology CRISPR for detection, which improves the specificity and credibility of results. This paper summarizes the research progress of nucleic acid amplification technology in conjunction with CRISPR/Cas technology for the detection of pathogens, which provides a reference and theoretical basis for the subsequent application of nucleic acid amplification technology in the field of pathogen detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tianlu Mo
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wangen C, Raithel A, Tillmanns J, Gege C, Herrmann A, Vitt D, Kohlhof H, Marschall M, Hahn F. Validation of nuclear receptor RORγ isoform 1 as a novel host-directed antiviral target based on the modulation of cholesterol levels. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105769. [PMID: 38056603 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the clinically approved repertoire of antiviral drugs predominantly comprises direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, the use of DAAs is frequently limited by adverse effects, restriction to individual virus species, or the induction of viral drug resistance. These issues will likely be resolved by the introduction of host-directed antivirals (HDAs) targeting cellular proteins crucial for viral replication. However, experiences with the development of antiviral HDAs and clinical applications are still in their infancy. With the present study, we explored the human nuclear receptor and transcription factor RORγ isoform 1 (RORγ1), a member of the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) family, as a putative target of antiviral HDAs. To this end, cell culture models were used to investigate major viral human pathogens, i.e. the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Our results demonstrated (i) an antiviral activity of the clinically relevant RORγ modulators cedirogant and others, (ii) that isoform RORγ1 acts as the responsible determinant and drug target in the analyzed cell culture-based models, (iii) a selectivity of the antiviral effect for RORγ1 over related receptors RORα and RORβ, (iv) a late-phase inhibition exerted by cedirogant in HCMV replication and (v) a mechanistic link to the cellular cholesterol biosynthesis. Combined, the data highlight this novel RORγ-specific antiviral targeting concept and the developmental potential of RORγ-directed small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Raithel
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Tillmanns
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | - Alexandra Herrmann
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Immunic AG, Gräfelfing, Germany.
| | | | | | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khera HK, Mishra R. Nucleic Acid Based Testing (NABing): A Game Changer Technology for Public Health. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00870-4. [PMID: 37695473 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Timely and accurate detection of the causal agent of a disease is crucial to restrict suffering and save lives. Mere symptoms are often not enough to detect the root cause of the disease. Better diagnostics applied for screening at a population level and sensitive detection assays remain the crucial component of disease surveillance which may include clinical, plant, and environmental samples, including wastewater. The recent advances in genome sequencing, nucleic acid amplification, and detection methods have revolutionized nucleic acid-based testing (NABing) and screening assays. A typical NABing assay consists of three modules: isolation of the nucleic acid from the collected sample, identification of the target sequence, and final reading the target with the help of a signal, which may be in the form of color, fluorescence, etc. Here, we review current NABing assays covering the different aspects of all three modules. We also describe the frequently used target amplification or signal amplification procedures along with the variety of applications of this fast-evolving technology and challenges in implementation of NABing in the context of disease management especially in low-resource settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Kour Khera
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, New inStem Building NCBS Campus, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
| | - Rakesh Mishra
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, New inStem Building NCBS Campus, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Rd, IICT Colony, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Wang C, Zhou Z, Si J, Li S, Zeng Y, Deng Y, Chen Z. Advances in Simple, Rapid, and Contamination-Free Instantaneous Nucleic Acid Devices for Pathogen Detection. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:732. [PMID: 37504131 PMCID: PMC10377012 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic pathogens invade the human body through various pathways, causing damage to host cells, tissues, and their functions, ultimately leading to the development of diseases and posing a threat to human health. The rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic pathogens in humans is crucial and pressing. Nucleic acid detection offers advantages such as higher sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity compared to antibody and antigen detection methods. However, conventional nucleic acid testing is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires sophisticated equipment and specialized medical personnel. Therefore, this review focuses on advanced nucleic acid testing systems that aim to address the issues of testing time, portability, degree of automation, and cross-contamination. These systems include extraction-free rapid nucleic acid testing, fully automated extraction, amplification, and detection, as well as fully enclosed testing and commercial nucleic acid testing equipment. Additionally, the biochemical methods used for extraction, amplification, and detection in nucleic acid testing are briefly described. We hope that this review will inspire further research and the development of more suitable extraction-free reagents and fully automated testing devices for rapid, point-of-care diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Zepeng Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jiajia Si
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yezhan Zeng
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun K, Yang X, Wang Y, Guan Q, Fu W, Zhang C, Liu Q, An W, Zhao Y, Xing W, Xu D. A Novel Sample-to-Answer Visual Nucleic Acid Detection System for Adenovirus Detection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0517022. [PMID: 37022182 PMCID: PMC10269611 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05170-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common viruses that can cause local outbreaks in schools, communities and military camps, posing a huge threat to public health. An ideal POCT device for adenovirus detection in resource-limited settings is critical to control the spread of the virus. In this study, we developed an integrated and electricity-independent sample-to-answer system that can complete nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection at room temperature. This system is suitable for field and on-site detection because of its rapidity, sensitivity, lack of contamination, and lack of requirements of high-precision instruments and skilled technicians. It consists of two separate modules, ALP FINA (alkaline lysis with the paper-based filtration isolation of nucleic acid) and SV RPA (sealed and visual recombinase polymerase amplification). The extraction efficiency of ALP FINA can reach 48 to 84%, which is close to that of the conventional centrifuge column. The detection sensitivity of SV RPA is close to 10 copies/μL of AdvB and AdvE without aerosol contamination after repeated operations. When SV RPA was applied to the detection of nasopharyngeal swab samples of 19 patients who were infected with AdvB or AdvE as well as 10 healthy volunteers, its sensitivity and specificity reached 100%, respectively. IMPORTANCE HAdV infections are readily transmittable and, in some instances, highly contagious. Early and rapid diagnosis is essential for disease control. In this work, we developed a portable, disposable, and modularized sample-to-answer detection system for AdvB and AdvE, which rendered the entire test to be completely independent of electricity and other laboratory infrastructure. Thus, this detection system can be applied in resource-limited settings, and it has the potential to be further developed as an early diagnosis method in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Sun
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Energy Laboratory of 970 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Academy of Medical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Qun Guan
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliang Fu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzheng An
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donggang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia X, Sun Y, Wang T, Zhong L, Deng J, Zhu X. Mechanism of circular RNA-mediated regulation of L-DOPA to improve wet age-related macular degeneration. Gene 2023; 861:147247. [PMID: 36736867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of levodopa (L-DOPA) in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A wet AMD cell model was created via CoCl2 treatment of ARPE-19 cells. The cytoprotective effects of L-DOPA in the model were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry, TUNEL, qPCR, and ELISA assays. Subsequently, circRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs, which were overexpressed in ARPE-19 cells, to explore their role in wet AMD. The findings revealed that 200 μM CoCl2 treatment inhibited the cell viability and the production of tyrosinase, melanin, and pigment epithelium-derived growth factor but promoted apoptosis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, 20 μM L-DOPA exerted the best therapeutic effect on the model. qPCR showed that Hsa_circ_0018401 (circ-SGMS1) was significantly differentially expressed in each experimental group, which was consistent with the sequencing results. The overexpression of circ-SGMS1 in ARPE-19 cells reversed the effects of CoCl2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that circ-SGMS1 was expressed more in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. qPCR assays indicated that circ-SGMS1 overexpression did not have a significant effect on the expressions of VEGFA and KDR but significantly reduced the expressions of HIF-1a and THBS1. Circ-SGMS1 is of immense significance in the AMD treatment mechanism of L-DOPA. Overexpression of circ-SGMS1 may alleviate wet AMD by inhibiting HIF-1a and THBS1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ottaiano A, Santorsola M, Circelli L, Trotta AM, Izzo F, Perri F, Cascella M, Sabbatino F, Granata V, Correra M, Tarotto L, Stilo S, Fiore F, Martucci N, Rocca AL, Picone C, Muto P, Borzillo V, Belli A, Patrone R, Mercadante E, Tatangelo F, Ferrara G, Di Mauro A, Scognamiglio G, Berretta M, Capuozzo M, Lombardi A, Galon J, Gualillo O, Pace U, Delrio P, Savarese G, Scala S, Nasti G, Caraglia M. Oligo-Metastatic Cancers: Putative Biomarkers, Emerging Challenges and New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061827. [PMID: 36980713 PMCID: PMC10047282 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Some cancer patients display a less aggressive form of metastatic disease, characterized by a low tumor burden and involving a smaller number of sites, which is referred to as "oligometastatic disease" (OMD). This review discusses new biomarkers, as well as methodological challenges and perspectives characterizing OMD. Recent studies have revealed that specific microRNA profiles, chromosome patterns, driver gene mutations (ERBB2, PBRM1, SETD2, KRAS, PIK3CA, SMAD4), polymorphisms (TCF7L2), and levels of immune cell infiltration into metastases, depending on the tumor type, are associated with an oligometastatic behavior. This suggests that OMD could be a distinct disease with specific biological and molecular characteristics. Therefore, the heterogeneity of initial tumor burden and inclusion of OMD patients in clinical trials pose a crucial methodological question that requires responses in the near future. Additionally, a solid understanding of the molecular and biological features of OMD will be necessary to support and complete the clinical staging systems, enabling a better distinction of metastatic behavior and tailored treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Circelli
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Correra
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Tarotto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Stilo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiore
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Martucci
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Picone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Borzillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Belli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Patrone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mercadante
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Ferrara
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giosué Scognamiglio
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ugo Pace
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He L, Shang M, Chen Z, Yang Z. Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanocarriers for Functional Nucleic Acid Delivery in Biomedical Applications. CHEM REC 2023:e202300018. [PMID: 36912736 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a distinctive funtionalmaterials which is constructed by various metal ions and organic molecules, have gradually attracted researchers' attention from they were founded. In the last decade, MOFs emerge as a biomedical material with potential applications due to their unique properties. However, the MOFs performed as nanocarriers for functional nucleic acid delivery in biomedical applications rarely summarized. In this review, we introduce recent developments of MOFs for nucleic acid delivery in various biologically relevant applications, with special emphasis on cancer therapy (including siRNA, ASO, DNAzyme, miRNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides), bioimaging, biosensors and separation of biomolecules. We expect the accomplishment of this review could benefit certain researchers in biomedical field to develop novel sophisticated nanocarriers for functional nucleic acid delivery based on the promising material of MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mengdi Shang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhongkai Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Portillo ME, Sancho I. Advances in the Microbiological Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36832297 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are culture-negative and/or misinterpreted as aseptic failures in spite of the correct implementation of diagnostic culture techniques, such as tissue sample processing in a bead mill, prolonged incubation time, or sonication of removed implants. Misinterpretation may lead to unnecessary surgery and needless antimicrobial treatment. The diagnostic value of non-culture techniques has been investigated in synovial fluid, periprosthetic tissues, and sonication fluid. Different feasible improvements, such as real-time technology, automated systems and commercial kits are now available to support microbiologists. In this review, we describe non-culture techniques based on nucleic acid amplification and sequencing methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a frequently used technique in most microbiology laboratories which allows the detection of a nucleic acid fragment by sequence amplification. Different PCR types can be used to diagnose PJI, each one requiring the selection of appropriate primers. Henceforward, thanks to the reduced cost of sequencing and the availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it will be possible to identify the whole pathogen genome sequence and, additionally, to detect all the pathogen sequences present in the joint. Although these new techniques have proved helpful, strict conditions need to be observed in order to detect fastidious microorganisms and rule out contaminants. Specialized microbiologists should assist clinicians in interpreting the result of the analyses at interdisciplinary meetings. New technologies will gradually be made available to improve the etiologic diagnoses of PJI, which will remain an important cornerstone of treatment. Strong collaboration among all specialists involved is essential for the correct diagnosis of PJI.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Nucleic acids are paving the way for advanced therapeutics. Unveiling the genome enabled a better understanding of unique genotype-phenotype profiling. Methods for engineering and analysis of nucleic acids, from polymerase chain reaction to Cre-Lox recombination, are contributing greatly to biomarkers' discovery, mapping of cellular signaling cascades, and smart design of therapeutics in precision medicine. Investigating the different subtypes of DNA and RNA via sequencing and profiling is empowering the scientific community with valuable information, to be used in advanced therapeutics, tracking epigenetics linked to disease. Recent results from the application of nucleic acids in novel therapeutics and precision medicine are very encouraging, demonstrating great potential to treat cancer, viral infections via inoculation (e.g., SAR-COV-2 mRNA vaccines), along with metabolic and genetic disorders. Limitations posed by challenges in delivery mode are being addressed to enable efficient guided-gene-programmed precision therapies. With the focus on genetic engineering and novel therapeutics, more precisely, in precision medicine, this chapter discusses the advance enabled by knowledge derived from these innovative branches of biotechnology.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang P, Liu L, Zhang W, Fang J, Li G, Zhang L, Li J, Deng X, Ma J, Li K, Chen Z, Pandurangan A. Effects of Long Noncoding RNA HOXA-AS2 on the Proliferation and Migration of Gallbladder Cancer Cells. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36299503 PMCID: PMC9592229 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6051512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To explore the function and mechanism of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived exosomes in gallbladder cancer metastasis, and provide new research targets for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. At the same time, in order to clarify the early predictive value of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 for gallbladder cancer metastasis, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical individualized treatment of gallbladder cancer. Methods. In our previous work, we used TCGA database analysis to find that lncRNA HOXA-AS2 was highly expressed in gallbladder cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. In this study, the expression levels of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines and control cells were first verified by QPCR and Western blot methods. Then, lentiviral tools were used to construct knockdown vectors (RNAi#1, RNAi#2) and negative control vectors targeting two different sites of HOXA-AS2, and the vectors were transfected into NOZ and OCUG-1 cells, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to detect knockdown efficiency. Then, the effects of silencing HOXA-AS2 on the proliferation, cell viability, cell migration, and invasion ability of gallbladder cancer cells were detected by MTT, plate cloning assay, Transwell migration chamber assay, and Transwell invasion chamber assay. Finally, the interaction between HOXA-AS2 and miR-6867 and the 3′UTR of YAP1 protein was detected by luciferase reporter gene. The results showed that the expression level of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines was higher than that in control cells. The expression of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). After successful knockout of HOXA-AS2 by lentiviral transfection, the expression of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines was significantly decreased. Through cell proliferation and plate clone detection, it was found that silencing HOXA-AS2 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. Through software prediction and fluorescein reporter gene detection, it was found that HOXA-AS2 has a binding site with miR-6867, and the two are negatively correlated, that is, the expression of miR-6867 is enhanced after the expression of HOXA-AS2 is downregulated. And the 3′UTR of YAP1 protein in the Hippo signaling pathway binds to miR-6867. Therefore, HOXA-AS2 may affect the expression of YAP1 protein by regulating miR-6867, thereby inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway and promoting the proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells. HOXA-AS2 is abnormally expressed in gallbladder cancer cells. HOXA-AS2 may promote the migration and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating the Hippo signaling pathway through miR-6867. HOXA-AS2 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer in clinic.
Collapse
|
15
|
Faraldi M, Mangiavini L, Conte C, Banfi G, Napoli N, Lombardi G. A novel methodological approach to simultaneously extract high-quality total RNA and proteins from cortical and trabecular bone. Open Biol 2022; 12:210387. [PMID: 35506206 PMCID: PMC9065961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular differences between cortical and trabecular bone, of relevance to understanding the pathophysiological basis of bone diseases, can be determined only through effective isolation methods for RNA and proteins. Here we present a TRIzol-based method, which combines bone pulverization and homogenization to extract simultaneously total RNA and proteins from human cortical and trabecular bone from the same carrot. RNA integrity and purity were determined as the 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm absorbance ratios and the 28S/18S rRNA ratio. Protein integrity and quality were evaluated by Coomassie blue staining. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting for bone-specific genes and proteins were performed to verify the suitability of the isolated material in downstream applications. The 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm absorbance ratios were, on average, less than or equal to 1.8. Bands on agarose gel were consistent with intact RNA, with mean 28S/18S ratios of 1.68 ± 0.35 and 1.88 ± 0.10 for cortical and trabecular bone, respectively. Band patterns after Coomassie blue staining confirmed protein integrity. Successful gene and protein expression analysis, with relevant differences between the two compartments, highlighted the suitability of the material in downstream applications. The method presented here is appropriate and effective for the study of human bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Rapid and low-cost molecular analysis is especially required for early and specific diagnostics, quick decision-making, and sparing patients from unnecessary tests and hospitals from extra costs. One way to achieve this objective is through automated molecular diagnostic devices. Thus, sample-to-answer microfluidic devices are emerging with the promise of delivering a complete molecular diagnosis system that includes nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection steps in a single device. The biggest issue in such equipment is the extraction process, which is normally laborious and time-consuming but extremely important for sensitive and specific detection. Therefore, this Review focuses on automated or semiautomated extraction methodologies used in lab-on-a-chip devices. More than 15 different extraction methods developed over the past 10 years have been analyzed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages to improve extraction procedures in future studies. Herein, we are able to explain the high applicability of the extraction methodologies due to the large variety of samples in which different techniques were employed, showing that their applications are not limited to medical diagnosis. Moreover, we are able to conclude that further research in the field would be beneficial because the methodologies presented can be affordable, portable, time efficient, and easily manipulated, all of which are strong qualities for point-of-care technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mylena Lemes Cunha
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Stella Schuster da Silva
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Mateus Cassaboni Stracke
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010.,Paraná Institute of Molecular Biology, Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010.,Paraná Institute of Molecular Biology, Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Datinska V, Gheibi P, Jefferson K, Yang J, Paladugu S, Dallett C, Voracova I, Foret F, Astier Y. Epitachophoresis is a novel versatile total nucleic acid extraction method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22736. [PMID: 34815497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitachophoresis is a novel next generation extraction system capable of isolating DNA and RNA simultaneously from clinically relevant samples. Here we build on the versatility of Epitachophoresis by extracting diverse nucleic acids ranging in lengths (20 nt–290 Kbp). The quality of extracted miRNA, mRNA and gDNA was assessed by downstream Next-Generation Sequencing.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan M, Ding R, Chen S, Duan G. Advances in Field Detection Based on CRISPR/Cas System. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2824-2832. [PMID: 34714068 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are essential to interrupt outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, the most commonly used nucleic acid detection method, qPCR or RT-qPCR, takes several hours to complete and requires highly sophisticated equipment. Recently, an emerging nucleic acid detection method based on the CRISPR/Cas system has reduced the reliance on qPCR. It has several important features that make it suitable for on-site POCT (point-of-care testing), including short detection cycles, low cost, high sensitivity, and the ability to be combined with different readout methods. This review briefly introduces the steps of CRISPR/Cas detection and then summarizes the current advances of CRISPR/Cas-based POCT from four steps: nucleic acid extraction, target amplification, CRISPR/Cas-based signal generation, and signal output. Finally, we discuss the advantages and challenges of CRISPR-based POCT and describe the future research perspectives for CRISPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Ronghua Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The most commonly used molecular diagnostic technique is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR detects a short section of genetic code of interest, a cancer gene, human mRNA or a pathogen's genome. It is used by every specialty in medicine and surgery, with increasing frequency and importance. In this article, the history, steps of the cycle, uses, forms, advantages and disadvantages of PCR are discussed. With the SARS coronavirus-2 pandemic having such an enormous impact on the delivery of elective surgery, decisions to proceed or defer are made by surgeons on a daily basis, based on PCR results. An understanding of these results is provided, what they tell us, what they do not and what other information is required to make these decisions. It is imperative to also look beyond PCR results, seeing the patient within the context of their symptoms, other pathology and imaging results, with the assistance of a medical virologist or microbiologist, in complex cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adhyana Mahanama
- is a Senior Clinical Fellow in Medical Virology at University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. Conflicts of interest: none declared.,is a Consultant Medical Virologist at University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. Conflicts of interest: none declared
| | - Eleri Wilson-Davies
- is a Senior Clinical Fellow in Medical Virology at University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. Conflicts of interest: none declared.,is a Consultant Medical Virologist at University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. Conflicts of interest: none declared
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cazzato G, Caporusso C, Arezzo F, Cimmino A, Colagrande A, Loizzi V, Cormio G, Lettini T, Maiorano E, Scarcella VS, Tarantino P, Marrone M, Stellacci A, Parente P, Romita P, De Marco A, Venerito V, Foti C, Ingravallo G, Rossi R, Resta L. Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Samples for Next Generation Sequencing: Problems and Solutions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101472. [PMID: 34680867 PMCID: PMC8535326 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, increasing information has been asked of the pathologist: we have moved from a purely morphological diagnosis to biomolecular and genetic studies, which have made it possible to implement the use of molecular targeted therapies, such as anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecules in EGFR-mutated lung cancer, for example. Today, next generation sequencing (NGS) has changed the approach to neoplasms, to the extent that, in a short time, it has gained a place of absolute importance and diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic utility. In this scenario, formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biological tissue samples are a source of clinical and molecular information. However, problems can arise in the genetic material (DNA and RNA) for use in NGS due to fixation, and work is being devoted to possible strategies to reduce its effects. In this paper, we discuss the applications of FFPE tissue samples in the execution of NGS, we focus on the problems arising with the use of this type of material for nucleic acid extraction and, finally, we consider the most useful strategies to prevent and reduce single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNV) and other fixation artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: or (G.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Concetta Caporusso
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Francesca Arezzo
- Section of Ginecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedical Science and Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonietta Cimmino
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Anna Colagrande
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Section of Ginecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedical Science and Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Section of Ginecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedical Science and Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Teresa Lettini
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Vincenza Sara Scarcella
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Paola Tarantino
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Maricla Marrone
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Stellacci
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Paola Parente
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Romita
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (A.D.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Aurora De Marco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (A.D.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Venerito
- Section of Reumathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (A.D.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: or (G.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (T.L.); (E.M.); (V.S.S.); (P.T.); (R.R.); (L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karataş E, Kahraman ÇY, Akbıyık N. Association between polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyl transferase, opioid receptor Mu 1 and serotonin receptor genes with postoperative pain following root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1016-1025. [PMID: 33559241 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the COMT, OPRM1, 5HT1A, 5HT2A and 5HTR3B genes on the intensity of postoperative pain following root canal treatment. METHODOLOGY Ninety-five patients with mandibular and maxillary molar teeth diagnosed with symptomatic apical periodontitis and a level of preoperative pain greater than 50 on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were included. Salivary DNA was collected from the participants and stored in Eppendorf tubes at -80 °C. Preoperative percussion pain values were recorded before the root canal treatment procedures. After completion of root canal treatment, the participants were given instructions to record their postoperative pain intensity levels at 24, 48 and 72 h, 5 days and 1 week after treatment, using the VAS. A second visit for the patients after seven days was planned to record their intensity levels of percussion pain on VAS. The percussion test was performed by tapping on the occlusal surface of the tooth with a blunt instrument. A QIAamp DNA Mini Kit was used to isolate DNA from saliva, and SNP Genotyping Analysis software version 1 was used to analyse the genotypes by calculating FAM and HEX signals. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to evaluate pain intensity values amongst the genotypes, alleles, haplotypes and allele combinations. Nominal data (gender, intake and tooth number) were analysed using a Chi-square test. Bonferroni correction was performed. Thus, the significance level was set at 1.6% (P = 0.016), 2.5% (P = 0.025) and 1.25% (P = 0.0125) for genotype, allele and haplotype comparisons, respectively. RESULTS There was no significant difference amongst the genotypes and alleles in terms of pre- and postoperative pain intensity. There was no significant difference amongst the haplotypes formed for the COMT gene in terms of pain intensity. Additionally, there was no significant association between the allelic combination formed for 5HT1A + 5HT2A genes and the intensity of postoperative pain. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that none of the evaluated SNPs for COMT, OPRM1, 5HT1A, 5HT2A and 5HTR3B genes were associated with the intensity of postoperative pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Karataş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ç Y Kahraman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - N Akbıyık
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barclay RA, Akhrymuk I, Patnaik A, Callahan V, Lehman C, Andersen P, Barbero R, Barksdale S, Dunlap R, Goldfarb D, Jones-Roe T, Kelly R, Kim B, Miao S, Munns A, Munns D, Patel S, Porter E, Ramsey R, Sahoo S, Swahn O, Warsh J, Kehn-Hall K, Lepene B. Hydrogel particles improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from multiple sample types. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22425. [PMID: 33380736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present a rapid and versatile method for capturing and concentrating SARS-CoV-2 from contrived transport medium and saliva samples using affinity-capture magnetic hydrogel particles. We demonstrate that the method concentrates virus from 1 mL samples prior to RNA extraction, substantially improving detection of virus using real-time RT-PCR across a range of viral titers (100–1,000,000 viral copies/mL) and enabling detection of virus using the 2019 nCoV CDC EUA Kit down to 100 viral copies/mL. This method is compatible with commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits (i.e., from Qiagen) and a simple heat and detergent method that extracts viral RNA directly off the particle, allowing a sample processing time of 10 min. We furthermore tested our method in transport medium diagnostic remnant samples that previously had been tested for SARS-CoV-2, showing that our method not only correctly identified all positive samples but also substantially improved detection of the virus in low viral load samples. The average improvement in cycle threshold value across all viral titers tested was 3.1. Finally, we illustrate that our method could potentially be used to enable pooled testing, as we observed considerable improvement in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from sample volumes of up to 10 mL.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wozniak A, Cerda A, Ibarra-Henríquez C, Sebastian V, Armijo G, Lamig L, Miranda C, Lagos M, Solari S, Guzmán AM, Quiroga T, Hitschfeld S, Riveras E, Ferrés M, Gutiérrez RA, García P. A simple RNA preparation method for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16608. [PMID: 33024174 PMCID: PMC7538882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique RT-qPCR for viral RNA detection is the current worldwide strategy used for early detection of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. RNA extraction is a key pre-analytical step in RT-qPCR, often achieved using commercial kits. However, the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic is causing disruptions to the global supply chains used by many diagnostic laboratories to procure the commercial kits required for RNA extraction. Shortage in these essential reagents is even more acute in developing countries with no means to produce kits locally. We sought to find an alternative procedure to replace commercial kits using common reagents found in molecular biology laboratories. Here we report a method for RNA extraction that takes about 40 min to complete ten samples, and is not more laborious than current commercial RNA extraction kits. We demonstrate that this method can be used to process nasopharyngeal swab samples and yields RT-qPCR results comparable to those obtained with commercial kits. Most importantly, this procedure can be easily implemented in any molecular diagnostic laboratory. Frequent testing is crucial for individual patient management as well as for public health decision making in this pandemic. Implementation of this method could maintain crucial testing going despite commercial kit shortages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Wozniak
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Cerda
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Ibarra-Henríquez
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Sebastian
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Servicio de Laboratorios Clínicos. Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Armijo
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamig
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Miranda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Servicio de Laboratorios Clínicos. Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Lagos
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Guzmán
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Quiroga
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan Hitschfeld
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eleodoro Riveras
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Department Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O`Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricia García
- Department Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Compton SR. PCR and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Laboratory Animal Infections and in Health Monitoring. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2020; 59:458-468. [PMID: 32580820 PMCID: PMC7479767 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics (PCR and RT-PCR) have become commonplace in laboratory animal research and diagnostics, augmenting or replacing serological and microbiologic methods. This overview will discuss the uses of molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis of pathogenic infections of laboratory animals and in monitoring the microbial status of laboratory animals and their environment. The article will focus primarily on laboratory rodents, although PCR can be used on samples from any laboratory animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Compton
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine;,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sui S, Chen H, Han L, Wang L, Niyazi M, Zhu K. Correlation of APOBEC3G Polymorphism with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Persistent Infection and Progression of Cervical Lesions. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6990-6997. [PMID: 31527570 PMCID: PMC6761851 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the effect of APOBEC3G on persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the correlation between APOBEC3G polymorphism and HPV persistent infection and cervical disease progression in Uygur women in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2015 to December 2017, we enrolled 529 Uygur ethnic group patients with HPV infection. SIHA cells were transfected with APOBEC3G. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of APOBEC3G and HPV E6 and p53. Exon 3 of APOBEC3G was sequenced by first-generation sequencing. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of APOBEC3G in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of APOBEC3G in the CIN group were significantly higher than in the non-cervical lesions group (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of HPV E6 in SIHA cells transfected with APOBEC3G were significantly lower than in the control group and the no-load group (p<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were significantly higher than in the control group and the no-load group (p<0.05). There was a polymorphic locus rs5757465 on exon 3 of APOBEC3G in Uygur women, and this rare CC type was a risk factor for cervical lesions and cervical cancer (OR=3.714, 95%CI: 1.916-7.202, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS APOBEC3G is involved in continuous HPV infection, cervical prelesions, and the development of cervical cancer, and the rare genotype (CC) of APOBEC3G may be one of the factors causing cervical lesions in Uygur women who have HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mayineur Niyazi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Kaichun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|