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Marzban G, Tesei D. One-Dimensional Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for Analysis of Plant Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:265-279. [PMID: 38656496 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a widely used technique for separating proteins from complex plant samples. Prior to the analysis, proteins must be extracted from plant tissues, which are rather complex than other types of biological material. Different protocols have been applied depending on the protein source, such as seeds, pollen, leaves, roots, and flowers. Total protein amounts must also be determined before conducting gel electrophoresis. The most common methodologies include PAGE under native or denaturing conditions. Both procedures are used consequently for protein identification and characterization via mass spectrometry. Additionally, various staining procedures are available to visualize protein bands in the gel, facilitating the software-based digital evaluation of the gel through image acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorji Marzban
- Institute for Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Donatella Tesei
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology (IMMB), Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Jiang Y, Zheng L, Lin L, Lin S, Xu K, Deng S, Zhang Q. Modification in Silver Staining Procedure for Enhanced Protein Staining. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6243971. [PMID: 35601151 PMCID: PMC9122722 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6243971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver staining is an excellent technique for detecting proteins that are separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein silver staining technology has higher sensitivity and is suitable for the detection of low-concentration proteins compared to other staining techniques including the Coomassie brilliant blue detection method. The present study was conducted to enhance the detection ability of the protein staining method. Herein, we modified the recipe of silver staining, a very reproducible method, by adding AMP, PVP, Tween-80, and xylene to enhance the detection ability of protein staining. Furthermore, the particle size and potentiometer were used to detect the particle size and potential difference of the silver ions in the prepared dyeing materials, and then, the morphology, transparency, and size of the dyed silver particles in different dyeing solutions were studied using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained results revealed that the use of 0.5% of AMP, PVP, Tween-80, and xylene improved the staining ability of protein silver staining, compared with the original method. Furthermore, 0.5% AMP, 0.5% PVP, 0.5% Tween-80 reagents significantly influenced the morphology, size, potential, and dispersion of silver ions. These results suggested a new idea for further improving the detection ability of protein silver staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - LinLin Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - Lulin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - SiJie Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
| | - QiQing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong, China
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Cryo-EM structures of engineered active bc 1-cbb 3 type CIII 2CIV super-complexes and electronic communication between the complexes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:929. [PMID: 33568648 PMCID: PMC7876108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory electron transport complexes are organized as individual entities or combined as large supercomplexes (SC). Gram-negative bacteria deploy a mitochondrial-like cytochrome (cyt) bc1 (Complex III, CIII2), and may have specific cbb3-type cyt c oxidases (Complex IV, CIV) instead of the canonical aa3-type CIV. Electron transfer between these complexes is mediated by soluble (c2) and membrane-anchored (cy) cyts. Here, we report the structure of an engineered bc1-cbb3 type SC (CIII2CIV, 5.2 Å resolution) and three conformers of native CIII2 (3.3 Å resolution). The SC is active in vivo and in vitro, contains all catalytic subunits and cofactors, and two extra transmembrane helices attributed to cyt cy and the assembly factor CcoH. The cyt cy is integral to SC, its cyt domain is mobile and it conveys electrons to CIV differently than cyt c2. The successful production of a native-like functional SC and determination of its structure illustrate the characteristics of membrane-confined and membrane-external respiratory electron transport pathways in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Cheng Y, Ma J, Liu Y, Gao Q, Yan Y, Wang H, Ding C, Sun J. Chicken TBK1 interacts with STING and is involved in IFN-β signaling regulation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:200-209. [PMID: 28837824 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an essential serine/threonine-protein kinase required for the Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) -mediated induction of type I IFN. Through endogenous Co-IP and LC-MS/MS, we identified chicken TBK1 (chTBK1) as a chSTING-interactive protein. Through exogenous Co-IP assay in transfected cells, we confirmed the interaction between chSTING and chTBK1. To better understand the biological role of chTBK1 in the chSTING-mediated IFN pathway, we cloned the chTBK1 and investigated its biological functions. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that chTBK1 mRNA was widely expressed in different tissues. The overexpression of chTBK1 in DF-1 cells induced the expression of IFN-β and ISGs and inhibited AIV viral replication. We identified indispensable domains of chTBK1 on IFN-β production via the generation of various chTBK1 mutant forms. Together, we identified the chTBK1 as a chSTING interactive protein and concluded that chTBK1 is involved in chSTING-triggered IFN-β signaling in chicken cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Quanxin Gao
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Baoshan, Shanghai 201901, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Khalili H, Sharma G, Froome A, Khaw PT, Brocchini S. Storage stability of bevacizumab in polycarbonate and polypropylene syringes. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:820-7. [PMID: 25853399 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare and examine the storage stability of compounded bevacizumab in polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) syringes over a 6-month period. PC syringes have been used in a recent clinical study and bevacizumab stability has not been reported for this type of syringe. METHODS Repackaged bevacizumab was obtained from Moorfields Pharmaceuticals in PC and PP syringes. Bevacizumab from the stored syringes was analysed at monthly time points for a 6-month period and compared with bevacizumab from a freshly opened vial at each time point. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to observe aggregation and degradation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) provided information about the hydrodynamic size and particle size distribution of bevacizumab in solution. VEGF binding and the active concentration of bevacizumab was determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using Biacore. RESULTS SDS-PAGE and SEC analysis did not show any changes in the presence of higher molecular weight species (HMWS) or degradation products in PC and PP syringes from T0 to T6 compared with bevacizumab sampled from a freshly opened vial. The hydrodynamic diameter of bevacizumab in the PC syringe after 6 months of storage was not significantly different to bevacizumab taken from a freshly opened vial. Using SPR, the VEGF binding activity of bevacizumab in the PC syringe was comparable to bevacizumab taken from a freshly opened vial. CONCLUSION No significant difference over a 6-month period was observed in the quality of bevacizumab repackaged into prefilled polycarbonate and polypropylene syringes when compared with bevacizumab that is supplied from the vial.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalili
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK [2] UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - G Sharma
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK [2] UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - A Froome
- Moorfields Pharmaceuticals, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - P T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - S Brocchini
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK [2] UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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Mukhopadhyay S, Panda PK, Behera B, Das CK, Hassan MK, Das DN, Sinha N, Bissoyi A, Pramanik K, Maiti TK, Bhutia SK. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of Peanut agglutinin through induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:369-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yakovleva ME, Killyéni A, Seubert O, O Conghaile P, Macaodha D, Leech D, Gonaus C, Popescu IC, Peterbauer CK, Kjellström S, Gorton L. Further insights into the catalytical properties of deglycosylated pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9852-8. [PMID: 24016351 PMCID: PMC3798088 DOI: 10.1021/ac4023988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on fragmented deglycosylated pyranose dehydrogenase (fdgPDH) from Agaricus meleagris recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris . Fragmented deglycosylated PDH is formed from the deglycosylated enzyme (dgPDH) when it spontaneously loses a C-terminal fragment when stored in a buffer solution at 4 °C. The remaining larger fragment has a molecular weight of ∼46 kDa and exhibits higher volumetric activity for glucose oxidation compared with the deglycosylated and glycosylated (gPDH) forms of PDH. Flow injection amperometry and cyclic voltammetry were used to assess and compare the catalytic activity of the three investigated forms of PDH, "wired" to graphite electrodes with two different osmium redox polymers: [Os(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) [Os(dmbpy)PVI] and [Os(4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly-(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) [Os(dmobpy)PVI]. When "wired" with Os(dmbpy)PVI, the graphite electrodes modified with fdgPDH showed a pronounced increase in the current density with Jmax 13- and 6-fold higher than that observed for gPDH- and dgPDH-modified electrodes, making the fragmented enzyme extraordinarily attractive for further biotechnological applications. An easier access of the substrate to the active site and improved communication between the enzyme and mediator matrix are suggested as the two main reasons for the excellent performance of the fdgPDH when compared with that of gPDH and dgPDH. Three of the four glycosites in PDH: N(75), N(175), and N(252) were assigned using mass spectrometry in conjunction with endoglycosidase treatment and tryptic digestion. Determination of the asparagine residues carrying carbohydrate moieties in PDH can serve as a solid background for production of recombinant enzyme lacking glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Yakovleva
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University , PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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