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Li Y, Zhai Y, Fu B, He Y, Feng Y, Ma F, Lu H. A comprehensive N-glycome map of porcine sperm membrane before and after capacitation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122084. [PMID: 38616102 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mapping the N-glycome of porcine sperm before and after sperm capacitation is important for understanding the rearrangement of glycoconjugates during capacitation. In this work, we characterized the N-glycome on the membranes of 18 pairs of fresh porcine sperm before capacitation and porcine sperm after capacitation by MALDI-MS (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry). A total of 377 N-glycans were detected and a comprehensive N-glycome map of porcine sperm membranes before and after capacitation was generated, which presents the largest N-glycome dataset of porcine sperm cell membranes. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher level of high mannose glycosylation and a significantly lower level of fucosylation, galactosylation, and α-2,6-NeuAc after capacitation, which is further verified by flow cytometry and lectin blotting. This research reveals new insights into the relationship between N-glycosylation variations and sperm capacitation, including the underlying mechanisms of the capacitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Medical Genetics/Prenatal Diagnostic Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bing Fu
- Department of Chemistry, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanlin He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Chemistry, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Fenyö D. Proteogenomics Reveal the Overexpression of HLA-I in Cancer. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3625-3639. [PMID: 37857377 PMCID: PMC10629274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
An accurate quantification of HLA class I gene expression is important in understanding the interplay with the tumor microenvironment of antitumor cytotoxic T cell activities. Because HLA-I sequences are highly variable, standard RNAseq and mass spectrometry-based quantification workflows using common genome and protein sequence references do not provide HLA-I allele specific quantifications. Here, we used personalized HLA-I nucleotide and protein reference sequences based on the subjects' HLA-I genotypes and surveyed tumor and adjacent normal samples from patients across nine cancer types. Mass spectrometry using data dependent acquisition data was validated to be sufficient to estimate HLA-A protein expression at the allele level. We found that HLA-I proteins were present in significantly higher levels in tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues from 41 to 63% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients, and this was driven by increased levels of HLA-I gene transcripts. Most immune cell types are universally enriched in HLA-I high tumors, while endothelial and neuronal cells showed divergent relationships with HLA-I. Pathway analysis revealed that tumor senescence and autophagy activity influence the level of HLA-I proteins in glioblastoma. Genes correlated to HLA-I protein expression are mostly the ones directly involved in HLA-I function in immune response and cell death, while glycosylation genes are exclusively co-expressed with HLA-I at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School
of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School
of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
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3
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Cui J, Sun J, Liu Y. The prognostic and biology of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy of cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1041-1049. [PMID: 37452117 PMCID: PMC10539364 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in many different types of cancer in the past two decades. The outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients has been linked to the quality and magnitude of T cell, NK cell, and more recently, B cell within the tumour microenvironment, suggesting that the immune landscape of a tumour is highly connected to patient response and prognosis. It is critical to understanding tumour immune microenvironments for identifying immune modifiers of cancer progression and developing cancer immunotherapies. The infiltration of solid tumours by immune cells with anti-tumour activity is both a strong prognostic factor and a therapeutic goal. Recent approaches and applications of new technologies, especially single-cell mRNA analysis in dissecting tumour microenvironments have brought important insights into the biology of tumour-infiltrating immune cells, revealed a remarkable degree of cellular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune response. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the understanding of tumour infiltrated lymphocytes, their prognostic benefit, and predictive value for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Liu
- Grit Biotechnology Ltd., Building 25, Area C, Sangtian Island Biological Industrial Park, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Grit Biotechnology Ltd., Building 24, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Yang
- Grit Biotechnology Ltd., Building 24, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Grit Biotechnology Ltd., Building 24, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Sun
- Grit Biotechnology Ltd., Building 24, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- Grit Biotechnology Ltd., Building 24, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Pich-Bavastro C, Yerly L, Di Domizio J, Tissot-Renaud S, Gilliet M, Kuonen F. Activin A-Mediated Polarization of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Macrophages Confers Resistance to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Skin Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3498-3513. [PMID: 37327314 PMCID: PMC10472111 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cemiplimab is approved for the treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinomas (BCC), although with mitigated results. We sought to interrogate the cellular and molecular transcriptional reprogramming underlying BCC resistance to immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to deconvolute the spatial heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in regard with response to immunotherapy, in a cohort of both naïve and resistant BCCs. RESULTS We identified subsets of intermingled cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and macrophages contributing the most to CD8 T-cell exclusion and immunosuppression. Within this spatially resolved peritumoral immunosuppressive niche, CAFs and adjacent macrophages were found to display Activin A-mediated transcriptional reprogramming towards extracellular matrix remodeling, suggesting active participation to CD8 T-cell exclusion. In independent datasets of human skin cancers, Activin A-conditioned CAFs and macrophages were associated with resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data identify the cellular and molecular plasticity of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the pivotal role of Activin A in polarizing the TME towards immune suppression and ICI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pich-Bavastro
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Yerly
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Tissot-Renaud
- Department of Oncology, Immune Landscape Laboratory, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Shin E, Bak SH, Park T, Kim JW, Yoon SR, Jung H, Noh JY. Understanding NK cell biology for harnessing NK cell therapies: targeting cancer and beyond. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192907. [PMID: 37539051 PMCID: PMC10395517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-engineered immune cell therapies have partially transformed cancer treatment, as exemplified by the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in certain hematologic malignancies. However, there are several limitations that need to be addressed to target more cancer types. Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of innate immune cells that represent a unique biology in cancer immune surveillance. In particular, NK cells obtained from heathy donors can serve as a source for genetically engineered immune cell therapies. Therefore, NK-based therapies, including NK cells, CAR-NK cells, and antibodies that induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of NK cells, have emerged. With recent advances in genetic engineering and cell biology techniques, NK cell-based therapies have become promising approaches for a wide range of cancers, viral infections, and senescence. This review provides a brief overview of NK cell characteristics and summarizes diseases that could benefit from NK-based therapies. In addition, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical investigations on the use of adoptive NK cell transfer and agents that can modulate NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Shin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Bak
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Park
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ran Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Rubino V, Carriero F, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Leone S, Nicolella V, Calabrò M, Montanaro R, Brancaleone V, Pane F, Chiurazzi F, Ruggiero G, Terrazzano G. Adaptive and Innate Cytotoxic Effectors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) Subjects with Stable Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119596. [PMID: 37298547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by the expansion of a neoplastic mature B cell clone. CLL clinical outcome is very heterogeneous, with some subjects never requiring therapy and some showing an aggressive disease. Genetic and epigenetic alterations and pro-inflammatory microenvironment influence CLL progression and prognosis. The involvement of immune-mediated mechanisms in CLL control needs to be investigated. We analyse the activation profile of innate and adaptive cytotoxic immune effectors in a cohort of 26 CLL patients with stable disease, as key elements for immune-mediated control of cancer progression. We observed an increase in CD54 expression and interferon (IFN)-γ production by cytotoxic T cells (CTL). CTL ability to recognise tumour-targets depends on human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-class I expression. We observed a decreased expression of HLA-A and HLA-BC on B cells of CLL subjects, associated with a significant reduction in intracellular calnexin that is relevant for HLA surface expression. Natural killer (NK) cells and CTL from CLL subjects show an increased expression of the activating receptor KIR2DS2 and a reduction of 3DL1 and NKG2A inhibiting molecules. Therefore, an activation profile characterises CTL and NK cells of CLL subjects with stable disease. This profile is conceivable with the functional involvement of cytotoxic effectors in CLL control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Leone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Nicolella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Calabrò
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Pane
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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7
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Vasiyani H, Wadhwa B, Singh R. Regulation of cGAS-STING signalling in cancer: Approach for combination therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188896. [PMID: 37088059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity plays an important role not only during infection but also homeostatic role during stress conditions. Activation of the immune system including innate immune response plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. The innate immune sensor recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activates cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS-STING) and induces type-1 immune response during viral and bacterial infection. cGAS-STING is regulated differently in conditions like cellular senescence and DNA damage in normal and tumor cells and is implicated in the progression of tumors from different origins. cGAS binds to cytoplasmic dsDNA and synthesize cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP), which selectively activates STING and downstream IFN and NF-κB activation. We here reviewed the cGAS-STING signalling pathway and its cross-talk with other pathways to modulate tumorigenesis. Further, the review also focused on emerging studies that targeted the cGAS-STING pathway for developing targeted therapeutics and combinatorial regimens for cancer of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Vasiyani
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumika Wadhwa
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
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8
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Li C, Wang S, Ma X, Wang T, Lu R, Jia X, Leng Z, Kong X, Zhang J, Li L. Ranitidine as an adjuvant regulates macrophage polarization and activates CTLs through the PI3K-Akt2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109729. [PMID: 37800555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are an indispensable component of vaccines, but there are few adjuvants for human vaccines. H2 receptor blockers, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, have immune enhancement effects. Ranitidine (RAN) is a water-soluble H2 receptor blocker, and whether it has an immune-enhancing effect is still unknown. In this study, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence methods were used to analyze whether RAN could activate macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Here, we found that the M1 inflammatory cytokine levels and surface markers in RAW264.7 cells were upregulated by NF-κB activation, possibly through the PI3K-Akt2 signaling pathway, after RAN treatment. Endocytic function was also enhanced by feedback regulation of Akt2/GSK3β/Dynmin1 signaling. Furthermore, to evaluate the adjuvant function of RAN, we used OVA plus RAN as a vaccine to inhibit the growth of B16-OVA tumors in mice. We also found that in the RAN adjuvant group, macrophage polarization to M1, Th1 cell differentiation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation were significantly upregulated. The tumor growth of mice was inhibited, and the survival rate of mice was significantly improved. This study provides new evidence for the mechanism by which RAN activates the immune response and is expected to provide a new strategy for the research and development of tumor vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xihui Jia
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Leng
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaowen Kong
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
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9
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Chen J, Niu C, Yang N, Liu C, Zou SS, Zhu S. Biomarker discovery and application-An opportunity to resolve the challenge of liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106674. [PMID: 36702425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies, with severe morbidity and mortality. While considerable progress has been made in liver cancer treatment, the 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients has not improved significantly. Reasons include the inadequate capability of early screening and diagnosis, a high incidence of recurrence and metastasis, a high degree of tumor heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the identification and validation of specific and robust liver cancer biomarkers are of major importance for early screening, timely diagnosis, accurate prognosis, and the prevention of tumor progression. In this review, we highlight some of the latest research progress and potential applications of liver cancer biomarkers, describing hotspots and prospective directions in biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zou
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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10
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Beelen NA, Ehlers FAI, Kooreman LFS, Bos GMJ, Wieten L. An in vitro model to monitor natural killer cell effector functions against breast cancer cells derived from human tumor tissue. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 173:133-153. [PMID: 36653080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy poses a promising treatment approach in cancer. Despite minimal toxicities associated with NK cell infusion, the potential of NK cell therapy is inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Multiple approaches to improve anti-cancer NK cell effector functions are being investigated. While much of this preclinical research is currently performed with commercially available tumor cell lines, this approach lacks the influence of the TME and heterogeneity of the primary tumor in patients. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol for NK cell cytotoxicity- and degranulation assays against tumor cells derived from primary breast cancer tissue. Treatments to boost NK cell anti-tumor effector functions can be implemented in this model. Moreover, by using culture supernatants in follow up assays or by including additional cell types in the co-culture system, other NK cell effector mechanisms that further orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity could be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky A Beelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke A I Ehlers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes F S Kooreman
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard M J Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Laurent PA, Morel D, Meziani L, Depil S, Deutsch E. Radiotherapy as a means to increase the efficacy of T-cell therapy in solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2158013. [PMID: 36567802 PMCID: PMC9788698 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated significant improvements in the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies that previously showed limited survival. In contrast, early-phase clinical studies targeting solid tumors have been disappointing. This may be due to both a lack of specific and homogeneously expressed targets at the surface of tumor cells, as well as intrinsic properties of the solid tumor microenvironment that limit homing and activation of adoptive T cells. Faced with these antagonistic conditions, radiotherapy (RT) has the potential to change the overall tumor landscape, from depleting tumor cells to reshaping the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe the current landscape and discuss how RT may play a pivotal role for enhancing the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in solid tumors. Indeed, by improving homing, expansion and activation of infused T cells while reducing tumor volume and heterogeneity, the use of RT could help the implementation of engineered T cells in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Laurent
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France,CONTACT Pierre-Antoine Laurent Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UNICANCER, Villejuif94805, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay; SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Daphne Morel
- Drug Development Department (D.I.T.E.P), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
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12
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Schoutrop E, Moyano-Galceran L, Lheureux S, Mattsson J, Lehti K, Dahlstrand H, Magalhaes I. Molecular, cellular and systemic aspects of epithelial ovarian cancer and its tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:207-223. [PMID: 35395389 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the peritoneal cavity. Despite major advances made within the field of cancer, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer are still being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease due to lack of effective screening tools. The overall survival of these patients has, therefore, not substantially improved over the past decades. Most patients undergo debulking surgery and treatment with chemotherapy, but often micrometastases remain and acquire resistance to the therapy, eventually leading to disease recurrence. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in epithelial ovarian cancer development and metastatic progression. For the most common subtypes, we focus further on the properties and functions of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix. Current and future treatment modalities are discussed and finally we provide an overview of the different experimental models used to develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical unit Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Tackling Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810906. [PMID: 36142818 PMCID: PMC9513751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has fundamentally altered cancer treatment; however, its efficacy is limited to a subset of patients in most clinical settings. The immune system plays a key role in cancer progression from tumor initiation to the metastatic state. Throughout the treatment course, communications between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the immune macroenvironment, as well as interactions between the immune system and cancer cells, are dynamic and constantly evolving. To improve the clinical benefit for patients who do not respond completely to immunotherapy, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy must be elucidated in order to develop effective strategies to overcome resistance. In an attempt to improve and update the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that hinder immunotherapy, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance to immunotherapy and the available treatment strategies.
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14
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Zhang T, Fang Q, Liu P, Wang P, Feng C, Wang J. Heme oxygenase 1 overexpression induces immune evasion of acute myeloid leukemia against natural killer cells by inhibiting CD48. J Transl Med 2022; 20:394. [PMID: 36058936 PMCID: PMC9441067 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Given the high relapse rate, more effective treatments are needed to improve clinical outcomes. We previously demonstrated that heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) is overexpressed in AML, while the functional roles of HO1 remain unclear. Methods Bioinformatics analysis and flow cytometry were conducted to assess the association between HO1 levels and immune cells or immune checkpoint/ligand molecules in AML patients. Primary natural killer (NK) cells were purified and subsequently co-cultured in vitro with transduced AML cells to determine the effects of HO1 expression on NK cell functions. AML mice models were established to investigate the effects of HO1 expression on cytotoxic effects of NK cells in vivo. The molecular mechanism was studied by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. Results Bioinformatics analysis indicated a correlation between HO1 expression and the AML immune microenvironment. The present study findings indicated that HO1 specifically downregulates the expression of CD48, a ligand of the NK cell-activating receptor 2B4, thus decreasing the cytotoxic effect of NK cells. HO1 overexpression promoted tumor growth and inhibited the cytotoxic effect of NK cells in the AML mice model. Mechanistic investigations found that HO1 directly interacted with Sirt1 and increased its expression and deacetylase activity. With the overexpression of HO1, increased Sirt1 in AML cells enabled histone H3K27 deacetylation to suppress CD48 transcription and expression. Administration of Sirt1 inhibitor restored the expression of CD48. Conclusions Collectively, HO1 promotes NK cell dysfunction in AML. Therefore, restoring NK cell function by inhibiting HO1 activity is a potential immunotherapeutic approach against AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03589-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China. .,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China. .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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15
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Oliveira G, Stromhaug K, Cieri N, Iorgulescu JB, Klaeger S, Wolff JO, Rachimi S, Chea V, Krause K, Freeman SS, Zhang W, Li S, Braun DA, Neuberg D, Carr SA, Livak KJ, Frederick DT, Fritsch EF, Wind-Rotolo M, Hacohen N, Sade-Feldman M, Yoon CH, Keskin DB, Ott PA, Rodig SJ, Boland GM, Wu CJ. Landscape of helper and regulatory antitumour CD4 + T cells in melanoma. Nature 2022; 605:532-538. [PMID: 35508657 PMCID: PMC9815755 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumour microenvironment, CD4+ T cells can promote or suppress antitumour responses through the recognition of antigens presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules1,2, but how cancers co-opt these physiologic processes to achieve immune evasion remains incompletely understood. Here we performed in-depth analysis of the phenotype and tumour specificity of CD4+ T cells infiltrating human melanoma specimens, finding that exhausted cytotoxic CD4+ T cells could be directly induced by melanoma cells through recognition of HLA class II-restricted neoantigens, and also HLA class I-restricted tumour-associated antigens. CD4+ T regulatory (TReg) cells could be indirectly elicited through presentation of tumour antigens via antigen-presenting cells. Notably, numerous tumour-reactive CD4+ TReg clones were stimulated directly by HLA class II-positive melanoma and demonstrated specificity for melanoma neoantigens. This phenomenon was observed in the presence of an extremely high tumour neoantigen load, which we confirmed to be associated with HLA class II positivity through the analysis of 116 melanoma specimens. Our data reveal the landscape of infiltrating CD4+ T cells in melanoma and point to the presentation of HLA class II-restricted neoantigens and direct engagement of immunosuppressive CD4+ TReg cells as a mechanism of immune evasion that is favoured in HLA class II-positive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kari Stromhaug
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicoletta Cieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn O Wolff
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vipheaviny Chea
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Krause
- Department of surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward F Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Karasarides M, Cogdill AP, Robbins PB, Bowden M, Burton EM, Butterfield LH, Cesano A, Hammer C, Haymaker CL, Horak CE, McGee HM, Monette A, Rudqvist NP, Spencer CN, Sweis RF, Vincent BG, Wennerberg E, Yuan J, Zappasodi R, Lucey VMH, Wells DK, LaVallee T. Hallmarks of Resistance to Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:372-383. [PMID: 35362046 PMCID: PMC9381103 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), although revolutionary in improving long-term survival outcomes, are mostly effective in patients with immune-responsive tumors. Most patients with cancer either do not respond to ICIs at all or experience disease progression after an initial period of response. Treatment resistance to ICIs remains a major challenge and defines the biggest unmet medical need in oncology worldwide. In a collaborative workshop, thought leaders from academic, biopharma, and nonprofit sectors convened to outline a resistance framework to support and guide future immune-resistance research. Here, we explore the initial part of our effort by collating seminal discoveries through the lens of known biological processes. We highlight eight biological processes and refer to them as immune resistance nodes. We examine the seminal discoveries that define each immune resistance node and pose critical questions, which, if answered, would greatly expand our notion of immune resistance. Ultimately, the expansion and application of this work calls for the integration of multiomic high-dimensional analyses from patient-level data to produce a map of resistance phenotypes that can be utilized to guide effective drug development and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karasarides
- Worldwide Medical Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey.,Corresponding Authors: Maria Karasarides, Worldwide Medical Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boston, MA 021273401. E-mail: ; and Theresa LaVallee, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA 94129. Phone: 628-899-7593; E-mail:
| | - Alexandria P. Cogdill
- Immunai, New York, New York.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Michaela Bowden
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth M. Burton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Christian Hammer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California.,Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Cara L. Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christine E. Horak
- Global Drug Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
| | - Heather M. McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckmann Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Christine N. Spencer
- Department of Informatics, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California.,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Randy F. Sweis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin G. Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jianda Yuan
- Translational Oncology, Early Oncology Development Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Daniel K. Wells
- Immunai, New York, New York.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Theresa LaVallee
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California.,Corresponding Authors: Maria Karasarides, Worldwide Medical Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boston, MA 021273401. E-mail: ; and Theresa LaVallee, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA 94129. Phone: 628-899-7593; E-mail:
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17
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Blocking FSTL1 boosts NK immunity in treatment of osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 537:215690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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19
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Tallima H, Azzazy HME, El Ridi R. Cell surface sphingomyelin: key role in cancer initiation, progression, and immune evasion. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:150. [PMID: 34717628 PMCID: PMC8557557 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface biochemical changes, notably excessive increase in outer leaflet sphingomyelin (SM) content, are important in cancer initiation, growth, and immune evasion. Innumerable reports describe methods to initiate, promote, or enhance immunotherapy of clinically detected cancer, notwithstanding the challenges, if not impossibility, of identification of tumor-specific, or associated antigens, the lack of tumor cell surface membrane expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alpha and β2 microglobulin chains, and lack of expression or accessibility of Fas and other natural killer cell immune checkpoint molecules. Conversely, SM synthesis and hydrolysis are increasingly implicated in initiation of carcinogenesis and promotion of metastasis. Surface membrane SM readily forms inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bond network, which excessive tightness would impair cell-cell contact inhibition, inter- and intra-cellular signals, metabolic pathways, and susceptibility to host immune cells and mediators. The present review aims at clarifying the tumor immune escape mechanisms, which face common immunotherapeutic approaches, and attracting attention to an entirely different, neglected, key aspect of tumorigenesis associated with biochemical changes in the cell surface that lead to failure of contact inhibition, an instrumental tumorigenesis mechanism. Additionally, the review aims to provide evidence for surface membrane SM levels and roles in cells resistance to death, failure to respond to growth suppressor signals, and immune escape, and to suggest possible novel approaches to cancer control and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Tallima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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20
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Zhang P, He B, Cai Q, Tu G, Peng X, Zhao Z, Peng W, Yu F, Wang M, Tao Y, Wang X. Decreased IL-6 and NK Cells in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground-Glass Opacity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705888. [PMID: 34568032 PMCID: PMC8457009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ground-glass opacities (GGOs) are an early manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma. It is of great value to study the changes in the immune microenvironment of GGO to elucidate the occurrence and evolution of early lung adenocarcinoma. Although the changes of IL-6 and NK cells in lung adenocarcinoma have caught global attention, we have little appreciation for how IL-6 and NK cells in the lung GGO affect the progression of early lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We analyzed the RNA sequencing data of surgical specimens from 21 patients with GGO-featured primary lung adenocarcinoma and verified the changes in the expression of IL-6 and other important immune molecules in the TCGA and GEO databases. Next, we used flow cytometry to detect the protein expression levels of important Th1/Th2 cytokines in GGO and normal lung tissues and the changes in the composition ratio of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Then, we analyzed the effect of IL-6 on NK cells through organoid culture and immunofluorescence. Finally, we explored the changes of related molecules and pathway might be involved. Results IL-6 may play an important role in the tumor microenvironment of early lung adenocarcinoma. Further research confirmed that the decrease of IL-6 in GGO tissue is consistent with the changes in NK cells, and there seems to be a correlation between these two phenomena. Conclusion The IL-6 expression status and NK cell levels of early lung adenocarcinoma as GGO are significantly reduced, and the stimulation of IL-6 can up-regulate or activate NK cells in GGO, providing new insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of early lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxu Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Yu P, Zhu L, Cui K, Du Y, Zhang C, Ma W, Guo J. B4GALNT2 Gene Promotes Proliferation, and Invasiveness and Migration Abilities of Model Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells by Interacting With HLA-B Protein. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722828. [PMID: 34589428 PMCID: PMC8473878 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B4GALNT2 gene encodes the enzyme β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 that biosynthesizes the histo-blood group antigen Sda, which is expressed on the surface of erythrocytes and in body secretions. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that this gene was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues in comparison with adjacent healthy ones. In-vitro lentivirus-assisted B4GALNT2 gene knockdown experiments in model triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231) showed inhibition in cell proliferation, decrease in cell viability, promotion of cell apoptosis and inhibitions in cell migration and invasiveness abilities in comparison with empty lentivirus transfectant controls. Also, in cell cycle tests, the number of cells in the G1 phase increased, in the S phase decreased and did not change in the G2/M phase (indicative of the presence of a block in the G1 phase). In-vivo tumor formation experiments in mice revealed that knockdown of the B4GALNT2 gene in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited their proliferation. Using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) mass spectroscopy-assisted analysis, it was found that HLA-B protein [a product of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I gene] interacts with B4GALNT2 protein. In-vitro overexpression of HLA-B in B4GALNT2-knocked down MDA-MB-231 cell lines significantly recovered the cell proliferation, viability and migration ability of B4GALNT2 gene. These indicate that HLA-B is one of the interaction proteins in the downstream pathway of the B4GALNT2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yabing Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Zitvogel L, Perreault C, Finn OJ, Kroemer G. Beneficial autoimmunity improves cancer prognosis. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:591-602. [PMID: 33976418 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many tumour antigens that do not arise from cancer cell-specific mutations are targets of humoral and cellular immunity despite their expression on non-malignant cells. Thus, in addition to the expected ability to detect mutations and stress-associated shifts in the immunoproteome and immunopeptidome (the sum of MHC class I-bound peptides) unique to malignant cells, the immune system also recognizes antigens expressed in non-malignant cells, which can result in autoimmune reactions against non-malignant cells from the tissue of origin. These autoimmune manifestations include, among others, vitiligo, thyroiditis and paraneoplastic syndromes, concurrent with melanoma, thyroid cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, respectively. Importantly, despite the undesirable effects of these symptoms, such events can have prognostic value and correlate with favourable disease outcomes, suggesting 'beneficial autoimmunity'. Similarly, the occurrence of dermal and endocrine autoimmune adverse events in patients receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors can have a positive predictive value for therapeutic outcomes. Neoplasias derived from stem cells deemed 'not essential' for survival (such as melanocytes, thyroid cells and most cells in sex-specific organs) have a particularly good prognosis, perhaps because the host can tolerate autoimmune reactions that destroy tumour cells at some cost to non-malignant tissues. In this Perspective, we discuss examples of spontaneous as well as therapy-induced autoimmunity that correlate with favourable disease outcomes and make a strong case in favour of this 'beneficial autoimmunity' being important not only in patients with advanced-stage disease but also in cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Villejuif, France. .,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China. .,Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Zhu Z, Gregg K, Zhou W. iRGvalid: A Robust in silico Method for Optimal Reference Gene Validation. Front Genet 2021; 12:716653. [PMID: 34422018 PMCID: PMC8372526 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.716653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Appropriate reference genes are critical to accurately quantifying relative gene expression in research and clinical applications. Numerous efforts have been made to select the most stable reference gene(s), but a consensus has yet to be achieved. In this report, we propose an in silico reference gene validation method, iRGvalid, that can be used as a universal tool to validate the reference genes recommended from different resources so as to identify the best ones without a need for any wet lab validation tests. Methods iRGvalid takes advantage of high throughput gene expression data and is built on a double-normalization strategy. First, the expression level of each individual gene is normalized against the total gene expression level of each sample, followed by a target gene normalization to the candidate reference gene(s). Linear regression analysis is then performed between the pre- and post- normalized target gene across the whole sample set to evaluate the stability of the reference gene(s), which is positively associated with the Pearson correlation coefficient, Rt. The higher the Rt value, the more stable the reference gene. We applied iRGvalid to 14 candidate reference genes to validate and identify the most stable reference genes in four cancer types: lung adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, and nasopharyngeal cancer. The stability of the reference gene is evaluated both individually and in groups of all possible combinations. Results Highly stable reference genes resulted in high Rt values regardless of the target gene used. The highest stability was achieved with a specific combination of 3 to 6 reference genes. A few genes were among the best reference genes across the cancer types studied here. Conclusion iRGvalid provides an easy and robust method to validate and identify the most stable reference gene or genes from a pool of candidate reference genes. The inclusivity of large expression data sets as well as the direct comparison of candidate reference genes makes it possible to identify reference genes with universal quality. This method can be used in any other gene expression studies when large cohorts of expression data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenli Zhou
- XYZ Laboratory, Austin, TX, United States
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24
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Hazini A, Fisher K, Seymour L. Deregulation of HLA-I in cancer and its central importance for immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002899. [PMID: 34353849 PMCID: PMC8344275 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that many tumors undergo a process of clonal selection which means that tumor antigens arising at various stages of tumor progression are likely to be represented in just a subset of tumor cells. This process is thought to be driven by constant immunosurveillance which applies selective pressure by eliminating tumor cells expressing antigens that are recognized by T cells. It is becoming increasingly clear that the same selective pressure may also select for tumor cells that evade immune detection by acquiring deficiencies in their human leucocyte antigen (HLA) presentation pathways, allowing important tumor antigens to persist within cells undetected by the immune system. Deficiencies in antigen presentation pathway can arise by a variety of mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic changes, and functional antigen presentation is a hard phenomenon to assess using our standard analytical techniques. Nevertheless, it is likely to have profound clinical significance and could well define whether an individual patient will respond to a particular type of therapy or not. In this review we consider the mechanisms by which HLA function may be lost in clinical disease, we assess the implications for current immunotherapy approaches using checkpoint inhibitors and examine the prognostic impact of HLA loss demonstrated in clinical trials so far. Finally, we propose strategies that might be explored for possible patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hazini
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kerry Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Len Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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25
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Chekaoui A, Ertl HCJ. PPARα Agonist Fenofibrate Enhances Cancer Vaccine Efficacy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4431-4440. [PMID: 34244236 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reducing metabolic stress within the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be essential for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Using a mouse model of melanoma, we show here that appropriately timed treatment with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate improves the ability of a T cell-inducing cancer vaccine to delay tumor progression. Fenofibrate reduced the use of glucose by tumor and stromal cells in the TME and promoted the use of fatty acids for their metabolic needs. The glucose within the TME was in turn available for use by vaccine-induced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which improved their ability to slow tumor progression. Early fenofibrate treatment 3 days after vaccination improved functions of circulating CD8+ T cells but failed to significantly affect tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) metabolism or decrease tumor progression. In contrast, delaying treatment until day 5 after vaccination modified TIL metabolism and augmented the vaccine's ability to slow tumor progression. In summary, our findings reveal that a PPARα agonist can increase the efficacy of a cancer vaccine by reprogramming cells within tumors to increase fatty acid metabolism, providing T cells access to glucose in the TME. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that metabolic manipulations using already approved drugs may offer an easy pathway to increase the efficacy of vaccines against solid tumors.
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26
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Stern PL, Dalianis T. Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071234. [PMID: 34202255 PMCID: PMC8310271 DOI: 10.3390/v13071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are marginally decreasing due to the reduction in exposure to the major risk factors, tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), especially those in the tonsil and base of tongue subsites, are increasing. Patients with the latter are younger, display a longer overall survival, and show a lower recurrence rate after standard-of-care treatment than those with HPV-negative OPSCC. This may reflect an important role for immune surveillance and control during the natural history of the virally driven tumour development. Immune deviation through acquisition of immune-suppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment (TME) is discussed in relation to treatment response. Understanding how the different immune factors are integrated in the TME battleground offers opportunities for identifying prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic strategies. OPSCC generally receive surgery or radiotherapy for early-stage tumour treatment, but many patients present with locoregionally advanced disease requiring multimodality therapies which can involve considerable complications. This review focuses on the utilization of newly emerged immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1 pathway) for treatment of HNSCC, in particular HPV-positive OPSCC, since they could be less toxic and more efficacious. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the TME has been extensively investigated as a biomarker of patient response but is yet to provide a really effective means for stratification of treatment. Extensive testing of combinations of therapeutic approaches by types and sequencing will fuel the next evolution of treatment for OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Stern
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum J6:20, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
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27
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Nie D, Fang Q, Li B, Cheng J, Li C, Gui S, Zhang Y, Zhao P. Research advances on the immune research and prospect of immunotherapy in pituitary adenomas. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:162. [PMID: 34090476 PMCID: PMC8180072 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenomas are one type of intracranial tumor, which can be divided into microadenoma (≤ 1 cm), macroadenoma (> 1 cm), and giant adenoma (≥ 4 cm) according to their diametral sizes. They are benign, typically slow-progressing, whereas the biological behavior of some of them is invasive, which presents a major clinical challenge. Treatment of some pituitary adenomas is still difficult due to drug resistance or multiple relapses, usually after surgery, medication, and radiation. At present, no clear prediction and treatment biomarkers have been found in pituitary adenomas and some of them do not cause clinical symptoms, so patients are often found to be ill through physical examination, and some are even found through autopsy. With the development of research on pituitary adenomas, the immune response has become a hot spot and may serve as a novel disease marker and therapeutic target. The distribution and function of immune cells and their secreted molecules in pituitary adenomas are extremely complex. Researchers found that infiltration of immune cells may have a positive effect on the treatment and prognosis of pituitary adenomas. In this review, we summarized the advance of tumor immunity in pituitary adenomas, revealing the immunity molecules as potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents for pituitary adenomas. Conclusion The immune studies related to pituitary adenomas may help us find relevant immune markers. At the same time, the exploration of immunotherapy also provides new options for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Fangazio M, Ladewig E, Gomez K, Garcia-Ibanez L, Kumar R, Teruya-Feldstein J, Rossi D, Filip I, Pan-Hammarström Q, Inghirami G, Boldorini R, Ott G, Staiger AM, Chapuy B, Gaidano G, Bhagat G, Basso K, Rabadan R, Pasqualucci L, Dalla-Favera R. Genetic mechanisms of HLA-I loss and immune escape in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104504118. [PMID: 34050029 PMCID: PMC8179151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104504118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases lack cell-surface expression of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), thus escaping recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Here we show that, across B cell lymphomas, loss of MHC-I, but not MHC-II, is preferentially restricted to DLBCL. To identify the involved mechanisms, we performed whole exome and targeted HLA deep-sequencing in 74 DLBCL samples, and found somatic inactivation of B2M and the HLA-I loci in 80% (34 of 42) of MHC-INEG tumors. Furthermore, 70% (22 of 32) of MHC-IPOS DLBCLs harbored monoallelic HLA-I genetic alterations (MHC-IPOS/mono), indicating allele-specific inactivation. MHC-INEG and MHC-IPOS/mono cases harbored significantly higher mutational burden and inferred neoantigen load, suggesting potential coselection of HLA-I loss and sustained neoantigen production. Notably, the analysis of >500,000 individuals across different cancer types revealed common germline HLA-I homozygosity, preferentially in DLBCL. In mice, germinal-center B cells lacking HLA-I expression did not progress to lymphoma and were counterselected in the context of oncogene-driven lymphomagenesis, suggesting that additional events are needed to license immune evasion. These results suggest a multistep process of HLA-I loss in DLBCL development including both germline and somatic events, and have direct implications for the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic targeting of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fangazio
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Erik Ladewig
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Karen Gomez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Rahul Kumar
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Davide Rossi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Clinic of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ioan Filip
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annette M Staiger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Björn Chapuy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Hematology, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Katia Basso
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Riccardo Dalla-Favera
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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29
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Brentville VA, Metheringham RL, Daniels I, Atabani S, Symonds P, Cook KW, Vankemmelbeke M, Choudhury R, Vaghela P, Gijon M, Meiners G, Krebber WJ, Melief CJM, Durrant LG. Combination vaccine based on citrullinated vimentin and enolase peptides induces potent CD4-mediated anti-tumor responses. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000560. [PMID: 32561639 PMCID: PMC7304843 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-induced post-translational modifications occur during autophagy and can result in generation of new epitopes and immune recognition. One such modification is the conversion of arginine to citrulline by peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes. METHODS We used Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models to assess the immunogenicity of citrullinated peptide vaccine by cytokine Enzyme linked immunosorbant spot (ELISpot) assay. Vaccine efficacy was assessed in tumor therapy studies using HLA-matched B16 melanoma and ID8 ovarian models expressing either constitutive or interferon-gamma (IFNγ) inducible Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II) as represented by most human tumors. To determine the importance of CD4 T cells in tumor therapy, we analyzed the immune cell infiltrate into murine tumors using flow cytometry and performed therapy studies in the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell depletion. We assessed the T cell repertoire to citrullinated peptides in ovarian cancer patients and healthy donors using flow cytometry. RESULTS The combination of citrullinated vimentin and enolase peptides (Modi-1) stimulated strong CD4 T cell responses in mice. Responses resulted in a potent anti-tumor therapy against established tumors and generated immunological memory which protected against tumor rechallenge. Depletion of CD4, but not CD8 T cells, abrogated the primary anti-tumor response as well as the memory response to tumor rechallenge. This was further reinforced by successful tumor regression being associated with an increase in tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cells and a reduction in tumor-associated myeloid suppressor cells. The anti-tumor response also relied on direct CD4 T cell recognition as only tumors expressing MHC-II were rejected. A comparison of different Toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulating adjuvants showed that Modi-1 induced strong Th1 responses when combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), TLR9/TLR4, TLR9, TLR3, TLR1/2 and TLR7 agonists. Direct linkage of the TLR1/2 agonist to the peptides allowed the vaccine dose to be reduced by 10-fold to 100-fold without loss of anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, a CD4 Th1 response to the citrullinated peptides was seen in ovarian cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Modi-1 citrullinated peptide vaccine induces potent CD4-mediated anti-tumor responses in mouse models and a CD4 T cell repertoire is present in ovarian cancer patients to the citrullinated peptides suggesting that Modi-1 could be an effective vaccine for ovarian cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Citrullination/immunology
- Female
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/immunology
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/genetics
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Daniels
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Suha Atabani
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Symonds
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katherine W Cook
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ruhul Choudhury
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Poonam Vaghela
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Gijon
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Cornelis J M Melief
- ISA Pharmaceuticals, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
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30
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Dass SA, Selva Rajan R, Tye GJ, Balakrishnan V. The potential applications of T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody in cervical cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2981-2994. [PMID: 33989511 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1913960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is ranked as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Monoclonal antibody has created a new dimension in the immunotherapy of many diseases, including cervical cancer. The antibody's ability to target various aspects of cervical cancer (oncoviruses, oncoproteins, and signaling pathways) delivers a promising future for efficient immunotherapy. Besides, technologies such as hybridoma and phage display provide a fundamental platform for monoclonal antibody generation and create the opportunity to generate novel antibody classes including, T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody. In this review, the current immunotherapy strategies for cervical cancer are presented. We have also proposed a novel concept of T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibody and its potential applications for enhancing cervical cancer therapeutics. Finally, the possible challenges in TCR-like antibody application for cervical cancer therapeutics have been addressed, and strategies to overcome the challenges have been highlighted to maximize the therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Rehasri Selva Rajan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
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31
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Paston SJ, Brentville VA, Symonds P, Durrant LG. Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627932. [PMID: 33859638 PMCID: PMC8042385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The impact of vaccination to prevent infectious diseases has been outstanding with many infections being prevented and a significant decrease in mortality worldwide. Cancer vaccines aim to clear active disease instead of aiming to prevent disease, the only exception being the recently approved vaccine that prevents cancers caused by the Human Papillomavirus. The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been disappointing with many early cancer vaccines that showed promise in preclinical models often failing to translate into efficacy in the clinic. In this review we provide an overview of the current vaccine platforms, adjuvants and delivery systems that are currently being investigated or have been approved. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we also review the potential of these to be used with cancer vaccines to improve efficacy and help to overcome the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Symonds
- Biodiscovery Institute, Scancell Limited, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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32
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Quintana Á, Peg V, Prat A, Moliné T, Villacampa G, Paré L, Galván P, Dientsmann R, Schmid P, Curigliano G, Muñoz-Couselo E, Perez-García J, Marti M, Blanco-Heredia J, Anjos CD, Vazquez M, De Mattos-Arruda L, Cortés J. Immune analysis of lymph nodes in relation to the presence or absence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2021; 148:134-145. [PMID: 33743482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with unmet medical needs. Several studies have proved that high levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) at diagnosis of TNBC confer better prognosis and patients respond better to specific chemotherapies. Nonetheless, current evidence suggests that only 15% of TNBC patients have very high levels of TILs, and another 15% lacks TILs. One possible reason to explain why patients have low TILs at diagnosis is that lymphocytes might be deactivated by an immune checkpoint in local lymph nodes, provoking their retention in there as they are unresponsive to other immune stimuli. We have identified 15 high TILs (≥50%) and 20 low TILs (≤5%) TNBC patients with localised tumour (T1c-T2N0M0) and compared the protein expression of five immune checkpoints in lymph nodes. We have also performed a customised 50-immune gene NanoString expression panel, the NanoString 360 Breast Cancer panel, and whole exome sequencing for mutation and neoantigen load analyses. In low TILs, we observed higher expression of CTLA-4 in local lymph nodes, which could explain why lymphocytes get retained in there and do not migrate to tumour. These patients have also higher neoantigen load and higher expression of B7.H3 and B7.H4 in the tumour. In high TILs, we observed more PD-L1+ tumour cells and more expanded humoral response. These results could provide a strategy to revert low tumour immune infiltration at diagnosis of TNBC, improving their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Quintana
- Vall D'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Medical Oncology Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Department of Pathology, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Villacampa
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Paré
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Galván
- Medical Oncology Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Dientsmann
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Schmid
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, And University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Muñoz-Couselo
- Vall D'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Hospital Vall D'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Merce Marti
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carla Dos Anjos
- IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Cortés
- Vall D'Hebrón Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; IOB Institute of Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain; IOB Institute of Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Madrid, Spain; Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Caruntu A, Scheau C, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Caruntu C, Tanase C. Complex Interaction Among Immune, Inflammatory, and Carcinogenic Mechanisms in the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1335:11-35. [PMID: 33650087 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is deeply involved in the development of most types of cancer. Many studies focus on the interaction between immune-inflammatory mechanisms and tumorigenesis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this chapter, we emphasize the complexity of processes underlying this interaction and discuss the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in HNSCC with a special focus on metabolic changes, inflammation, and the immune landscape. Unveiling complex connections between immuno-inflammatory processes and tumor initiation, promotion, and progression will open new directions in the reliable identification of predictive factors and therapeutic targets in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, "Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, "Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry-Proteomics, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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34
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Fisher K, Hazini A, Seymour LW. Tackling HLA Deficiencies Head on with Oncolytic Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:719. [PMID: 33578735 PMCID: PMC7916504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of HLA (human leukocyte antigen) function is increasingly recognized as a common escape mechanism for cancers subject to the pressures exerted by immunosurveillance or immunotherapeutic interventions. Oncolytic viruses have the potential to counter this resistance by upregulating HLA expression or encouraging an HLA-independent immunological responses. However, to achieve the best therapeutic outcomes, a prospective understanding of the HLA phenotype of cancer patients is required to match them to the characteristics of different oncolytic strategies. Here, we consider the spectrum of immune competence observed in clinical disease and discuss how it can be best addressed using this novel and powerful treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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35
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Jiang P, Veenstra RN, Seitz A, Nolte IM, Hepkema BG, Visser L, van den Berg A, Diepstra A. Interaction between ERAP Alleles and HLA Class I Types Support a Role of Antigen Presentation in Hodgkin Lymphoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030414. [PMID: 33499248 PMCID: PMC7865538 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a common lymphoma in young adults derived from B cells. Emerging evidence suggests that antigen presentation by the malignant B cells is critically involved in HL pathogenesis. In fact, genetic variants of the antigen presenting Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are strongly associated with HL susceptibility. Interestingly, the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 genes, that code for enzymes that process antigens, also appear to be associated. In this study, we show that genetic variants of ERAP genes strongly affect expression levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2. In addition, we find that certain ERAP variants interact with specific HLA class I types in HL patients. This suggests that mechanisms that determine the repertoire of antigens that are presented to the immune system, affect the chance of developing HL. Our findings therefore support a prominent role of antigen presentation in HL susceptibility. Abstract Genetic variants in the HLA region are the strongest risk factors for developing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), suggesting an important role for antigen presentation. This is supported by another HL-associated genomic region which contains the loci of two enzymes that process endogenous proteins to peptides to be presented by HLA class I, i.e., endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and ERAP2. We hypothesized that ERAP and HLA class I type interact in HL susceptibility, as shown previously for several autoimmune diseases. We detected ERAP1 and ERAP2 expression in tumor cells and cells in the microenvironment in primary HL tissue samples. Seven ERAP SNPs and ERAP1 haplotypes showed strong associations with RNA and protein levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in LCLs and HL cell lines. Analysis of HLA class I types, ERAP SNPs and ERAP haplotypes by direct genotyping or imputation from genome-wide association data in 390 HL patients revealed significant interactions between HLA-A11, rs27038 and the rs27038 associated ERAP haplotype, as well as between HLA-Cw2 and rs26618. In conclusion, our results show that ERAP and HLA class I interact in genetic susceptibility to HL, providing further evidence that antigen presentation is an important process in HL susceptibility and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang Huanggu National Defense Hospital, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Rianne N. Veenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Annika Seitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Bouke G. Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Correspondence:
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36
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An Overview of Advances in Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies Based on the Multiple Immune-Cancer Cell Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2097:139-171. [PMID: 31776925 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0203-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors have a complex ecosystem in which behavior and fate are determined by the interaction of diverse cancerous and noncancerous cells at local and systemic levels. A number of studies indicate that various immune cells participate in tumor development (Fig. 1). In this review, we will discuss interactions among T lymphocytes (T cells), B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, we will touch upon attempts to either use or block subsets of immune cells to target cancer.
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37
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Muntjewerff EM, Meesters LD, van den Bogaart G, Revelo NH. Reverse Signaling by MHC-I Molecules in Immune and Non-Immune Cell Types. Front Immunol 2020; 11:605958. [PMID: 33384693 PMCID: PMC7770133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are well-known for their role in antigen (cross-) presentation, thereby functioning as key players in the communication between immune cells, for example dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, or immune cells and their targets, such as T cells and virus-infected or tumor cells. However, much less appreciated is the fact that MHC molecules can also act as signaling receptors. In this process, here referred to as reverse MHC class I (MHC-I) signaling, ligation of MHC molecules can lead to signal-transduction and cell regulatory effects in the antigen presenting cell. In the case of MHC-I, reverse signaling can have several outcomes, including apoptosis, migration, induced or reduced proliferation and cytotoxicity towards target cells. Here, we provide an overview of studies showing the signaling pathways and cell outcomes upon MHC-I stimulation in various immune and non-immune cells. Signaling molecules like RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt1), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were common signaling molecules activated upon MHC-I ligation in multiple cell types. For endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the in vivo relevance of reverse MHC-I signaling has been established, namely in the context of adverse effects after tissue transplantation. For other cell types, the role of reverse MHC-I signaling is less clear, since aspects like the in vivo relevance, natural MHC-I ligands and the extended downstream pathways are not fully known.The existing evidence, however, suggests that reverse MHC-I signaling is involved in the regulation of the defense against bacterial and viral infections and against malignancies. Thereby, reverse MHC-I signaling is a potential target for therapies against viral and bacterial infections, cancer immunotherapies and management of organ transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luca D Meesters
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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38
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Klein E, Hau AC, Oudin A, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP. Glioblastoma Organoids: Pre-Clinical Applications and Challenges in the Context of Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:604121. [PMID: 33364198 PMCID: PMC7753120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors remain uniformly fatal, even with the best-to-date treatment. For Glioblastoma (GBM), the most severe form of brain cancer in adults, the median overall survival is roughly over a year. New therapeutic options are urgently needed, yet recent clinical trials in the field have been largely disappointing. This is partially due to inappropriate preclinical model systems, which do not reflect the complexity of patient tumors. Furthermore, clinically relevant patient-derived models recapitulating the immune compartment are lacking, which represents a bottleneck for adequate immunotherapy testing. Emerging 3D organoid cultures offer innovative possibilities for cancer modeling. Here, we review available GBM organoid models amenable to a large variety of pre-clinical applications including functional bioassays such as proliferation and invasion, drug screening, and the generation of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) for validation of biological responses in vivo. We emphasize advantages and technical challenges in establishing immunocompetent ex vivo models based on co-cultures of GBM organoids and human immune cells. The latter can be isolated either from the tumor or from patient or donor blood as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also discuss the challenges to generate GBM PDOXs based on humanized mouse models to validate efficacy of immunotherapies in vivo. A detailed characterization of such models at the cellular and molecular level is needed to understand the potential and limitations for various immune activating strategies. Increasing the availability of immunocompetent GBM models will improve research on emerging immune therapeutic approaches against aggressive brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Klein
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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39
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Cózar B, Greppi M, Carpentier S, Narni-Mancinelli E, Chiossone L, Vivier E. Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cells. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:34-44. [PMID: 33277307 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of their potent antitumor activity and their proinflammatory role, natural killer (NK) cells are at the forefront of efforts to develop immuno-oncologic treatments. NK cells participate in immune responses to tumors by killing target cells and producing cytokines. However, in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, NK cells become dysfunctional through exposure to inhibitory molecules produced by cancer cells, leading to tumor escape. We provide an overview of what is known about NK tumor infiltration and surveillance and about the mechanisms by which NK cells become dysfunctional. SIGNIFICANCE: The functions of tumor-infiltrating NK cells may be impaired. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms by which tumors alter NK-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cózar
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Marco Greppi
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Chiossone
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
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40
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Zhu X, Li S, Xu B, Luo H. Cancer evolution: A means by which tumors evade treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111016. [PMID: 33246226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various methods have been tried to study and treat cancer, the cancer remains a major challenge for human medicine today. One important reason for this is the presence of cancer evolution. Cancer evolution is a process in which tumor cells adapt to the external environment, which can suppress the human immune system's ability to recognize and attack tumors, and also reduce the reproducibility of cancer research. Among them, heterogeneity of the tumor provides intrinsic motivation for this process. Recently, with the development of related technologies such as liquid biopsy, more and more knowledge about cancer evolution has been gained and interest in this topic has also increased. Therefore, starting from the causes of tumorigenesis, this paper introduces several tumorigenesis processes and pathways, as well as treatment options for different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urogenital Tumor Systems and Synthetic Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Translational Medicine Institute of Shenzhen, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bairui Xu
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, China.
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41
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Ma J, Zhang JK, Yang D, Ma XX. Identification of novel prognosis-related genes in the endometrial cancer immune microenvironment. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22152-22173. [PMID: 33159014 PMCID: PMC7695382 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing each year, and treatment effects are poor for patients with advanced and specific subtypes. Exploring immune infiltration-related factors in endometrial cancer can aid in the prognosis of patients and provide new immunotherapy targets. We downloaded immune metagene and functional data of patients with different subtypes of endometrial cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and selected the lymphocyte-specific kinase (LCK) metagene as a representative genetic marker of the immune microenvironment in endometrial cancer. The results showed that LCK metagene expression is related to the prognosis of patients with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma subtypes and highly correlated with the PTEN and PIK3CA mutational status. A search for LCK-related modules returned seven independent genetic predictors of survival in patients with endometrial cancer. The TIMER algorithm showed that the expression of these seven genes was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of six types of immune cells. The diagnostic value of these markers was validated using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Our results identified CD74, HLA-DRB5, CD52, HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DRB1 as possible valuable genetic markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer and provided a theoretical basis for immunotherapy targets for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jing-Kai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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42
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Arndt MF, Koohestani DM, Chobrutskiy BI, Mihyu MM, Diaz M, Gozlan EC, Yeagley M, Zaman S, Roca AM, Blanck G. TRBV and TRBJ usage, when paired with specific HLA alleles, associates with distinct head and neck cancer survival rates. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:692-696. [PMID: 32950267 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Common or dominant, T-cell receptor (TCR), V and J usage, in combination with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, has been associated with differing outcomes in viral infections, autoimmunity, and more recently, in cancer. Cervical cancer in particular represents the most dramatic series of distinctions of outcomes associated with differing combinations of dominant V or J usage and HLA alleles, possibly because of the strong association of cervical cancer with human papilloma virus (HPV), in turn leading to a likely molecular consistency in the mechanism of HPV antigen presentation. Thus, we considered assessing TRB V and J usage, HLA allele combinations, for their associations with survival rates and related data, in the cancer genome atlas head and neck cancer dataset. We obtained the TRB VDJ recombination reads from both the blood and tumor exome files and determined the V and J identities. We then established case ID (patient) subsets of V or J usage, HLA alleles, and determined, for example, that the TRBJ2-7, HLA-B*40:01 combination was associated with a better disease free survival rate than were either the TRBJ1-3, HLA-DPB1*03:01 or the TRBJ2-1, HLA-DPB1*02:01 combinations. Furthermore, these analyses led to the conclusion that TRBJ1-5 usage, and the HLA-C*08:02 and HLA-DRB1*03:01 alleles, had independent associations with distinct overall survival rates. In sum, the results suggest that dominant V or J usage, HLA allele combinations, and in certain cases, dominant V or J usage independently of HLA, could be useful in prognosis and in guiding immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Arndt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Darush M Koohestani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Moody M Mihyu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Michael Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Etienne C Gozlan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Michelle Yeagley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Saif Zaman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States; Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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43
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Nielsen AY, Ormhøj M, Traynor S, Gjerstorff MF. Augmenting engineered T-cell strategies in solid cancers through epigenetic priming. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2169-2178. [PMID: 32648166 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)- and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has shown promising results in hematological malignancies, but remains immature in solid cancers. The challenges associated with identification of tumor-specific targets, the heterogenic antigen expression, limited T-cell trafficking to tumor sites and the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME), are all factors contributing to the limited efficacy of ACT therapies against solid tumors. Epigenetic priming of tumor cells and the microenvironment may be a way of overcoming these obstacles and improving the clinical efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in the future. Here, we review the current literature and suggest combining epigenetic modulators and ACT strategies as a way of augmenting the efficacy of TCR- and CAR-engineered T cells against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaraby Y Nielsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Ormhøj
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Traynor
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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44
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Mariotti FR, Quatrini L, Munari E, Vacca P, Tumino N, Pietra G, Mingari MC, Moretta L. Inhibitory checkpoints in human natural killer cells: IUPHAR Review 28. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2889-2903. [PMID: 32335915 PMCID: PMC7279970 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy leading to exceptional success. However, there is still the need to improve their efficacy in non‐responder patients. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the first line of defence against tumours, due to their ability to release immunomodulatory cytokines and kill target cells that have undergone malignant transformation. Harnessing NK cell response will open new possibilities to improve control of tumour growth. In this respect inhibitory checkpoints expressed on these innate lymphocytes represents a promising target for next‐generation immunotherapy. In this review, we will summarize recent evidences on the expression of NK cells receptors in cancer, with a focus on the inhibitory checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1). We will also highlight the strength and limitations of the blockade of PD‐1 inhibitory pathway and suggest new combination strategies that may help to unleash more efficiently NK cell anti‐tumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Mariotti
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - E Munari
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - P Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - N Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pietra
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - M C Mingari
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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45
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Sznarkowska A, Mikac S, Pilch M. MHC Class I Regulation: The Origin Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051155. [PMID: 32375397 PMCID: PMC7281430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral-derived elements and non-coding RNAs that build up “junk DNA” allow for flexible and context-dependent gene expression. They are extremely dense in the MHC region, accounting for flexible expression of the MHC I, II, and III genes and adjusting the level of immune response to the environmental stimuli. This review brings forward the viral-mediated aspects of the origin and evolution of adaptive immunity and aims to link this perspective with the MHC class I regulation. The complex regulatory network behind MHC expression is largely controlled by virus-derived elements, both as binding sites for immune transcription factors and as sources of regulatory non-coding RNAs. These regulatory RNAs are imbalanced in cancer and associate with different tumor types, making them promising targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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46
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Mechanisms of Resistance to NK Cell Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040893. [PMID: 32272610 PMCID: PMC7226138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently been a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells are suitable targets for immunotherapy owing to their potent cytotoxic activity that may target cancer cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and antigen-unrestricted manner. Current therapies targeting NK cells include monoclonal antibodies that promote NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the adoptive transfer of NK cells, the redirection of NK cells using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells and the use of cytokines and immunostimulatory drugs to boost the anti-tumor activity of NK cells. Despite some encouraging clinical results, patients receiving these therapies frequently develop resistance, and a myriad of mechanisms of resistance affecting both the immune system and cancer cells have been reported. A first contributing factor that modulates the efficacy of the NK cell therapy is the genetic profile of the individual, which regulates all aspects of NK cell biology. Additionally, the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis and the immunoediting of cancer cells, a process that decreases their immunogenicity and promotes immunosuppression, are major determinants of the resistance to NK cell therapy. Consequently, the efficacy of NK cell anti-tumor therapy is specific to each patient and disease. The elucidation of such immunosubversive mechanisms is crucial to developing new procedures and therapeutic strategies to fully harness the anti-tumor potential of NK cells.
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47
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Torres-Pineda DB, Mora-García MDL, García-Rocha R, Hernández-Montes J, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, Don-López CA, Marín-Aquino LA, Muñóz-Godínez R, Ibarra LRÁ, López Romero R, Monroy-García A. Adenosine augments the production of IL-10 in cervical cancer cells through interaction with the A 2B adenosine receptor, resulting in protection against the activity of cytotoxic T cells. Cytokine 2020; 130:155082. [PMID: 32259773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CeCa) produces large amounts of IL-10, which downregulates the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (HLA-I) in cancer cells and inhibits the immune response mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this study, we analyzed the ability of CeCa cells to produce IL-10 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and its effect on the downregulation of HLA-I molecules to evade CTL-mediated immune recognition. CeCa cells cultured in the presence of ≥10 µM AMP or adenosine produced 4.5-6 times as much IL-10 as unstimulated cells. The silencing of CD73 or the blocking of A2BR with the specific antagonist MRS1754 reversed this effect. In addition, IL-10 decreased the expression of HLA-I molecules, resulting in the protection of CeCa cells against the cytotoxic activity of CTLs. The addition of MRS1754 or anti-IL-10 reversed the decrease in HLA-I molecules and favored the cytotoxic activity of CTLs. These results strongly suggest the presence of a feedback loop encompassing the adenosinergic pathway, the production of IL-10, and the downregulation of HLA-I molecules in CeCa cells that favors immune evasion and thus tumor progression. This pathway may have clinical importance as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Berenice Torres-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, UIMEO, H Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | | | - Rosario García-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos-Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Antonio Marín-Aquino
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, UIMEO, H Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Muñóz-Godínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, UIMEO, H Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo López Romero
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, UIMEO, H Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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