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Design and one-pot synthesis of 2-thiazolylhydrazone derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2017; 21:565-576. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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2
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Erba E, La Rosa C. A novel synthetic approach to the racemic Neuraminidase inhibitor Peramivir. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Hoffmann M, Krüger N, Zmora P, Wrensch F, Herrler G, Pöhlmann S. The Hemagglutinin of Bat-Associated Influenza Viruses Is Activated by TMPRSS2 for pH-Dependent Entry into Bat but Not Human Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152134. [PMID: 27028521 PMCID: PMC4814062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New World bats have recently been discovered to harbor influenza A virus (FLUAV)-related viruses, termed bat-associated influenza A-like viruses (batFLUAV). The internal proteins of batFLUAV are functional in mammalian cells. In contrast, no biological functionality could be demonstrated for the surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA)-like (HAL) and neuraminidase (NA)-like (NAL), and these proteins need to be replaced by their human counterparts to allow spread of batFLUAV in human cells. Here, we employed rhabdoviral vectors to study the role of HAL and NAL in viral entry. Vectors pseudotyped with batFLUAV-HAL and -NAL were able to enter bat cells but not cells from other mammalian species. Host cell entry was mediated by HAL and was dependent on prior proteolytic activation of HAL and endosomal low pH. In contrast, sialic acids were dispensable for HAL-driven entry. Finally, the type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 was able to activate HAL for cell entry indicating that batFLUAV can utilize human proteases for HAL activation. Collectively, these results identify viral and cellular factors governing host cell entry driven by batFLUAV surface proteins. They suggest that the absence of a functional receptor precludes entry of batFLUAV into human cells while other prerequisites for entry, HAL activation and protonation, are met in target cells of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SP); (MH)
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pawel Zmora
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SP); (MH)
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Rajasekaran D, Palombo EA, Chia Yeo T, Lim Siok Ley D, Lee Tu C, Malherbe F, Grollo L. Identification of traditional medicinal plant extracts with novel anti-influenza activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79293. [PMID: 24312177 PMCID: PMC3842314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistant variants of the influenza virus has led to a need to identify novel and effective antiviral agents. As an alternative to synthetic drugs, the consolidation of empirical knowledge with ethnopharmacological evidence of medicinal plants offers a novel platform for the development of antiviral drugs. The aim of this study was to identify plant extracts with proven activity against the influenza virus. Extracts of fifty medicinal plants, originating from the tropical rainforests of Borneo used as herbal medicines by traditional healers to treat flu-like symptoms, were tested against the H1N1 and H3N1 subtypes of the virus. In the initial phase, in vitro micro-inhibition assays along with cytotoxicity screening were performed on MDCK cells. Most plant extracts were found to be minimally cytotoxic, indicating that the compounds linked to an ethnomedical framework were relatively innocuous, and eleven crude extracts exhibited viral inhibition against both the strains. All extracts inhibited the enzymatic activity of viral neuraminidase and four extracts were also shown to act through the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) pathway. Moreover, the samples that acted through both HI and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) evidenced more than 90% reduction in virus adsorption and penetration, thereby indicating potent action in the early stages of viral replication. Concurrent studies involving Receptor Destroying Enzyme treatments of HI extracts indicated the presence of sialic acid-like component(s) that could be responsible for hemagglutination inhibition. The manifestation of both modes of viral inhibition in a single extract suggests that there may be a synergistic effect implicating more than one active component. Overall, our results provide substantive support for the use of Borneo traditional plants as promising sources of novel anti-influenza drug candidates. Furthermore, the pathways involving inhibition of hemagglutination could be a solution to the global occurrence of viral strains resistant to neuraminidase drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Rajasekaran
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo A. Palombo
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Chu Lee Tu
- Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Francois Malherbe
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC, Australia
| | - Lara Grollo
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Jia F, Hong J, Sun PH, Chen JX, Chen WM. Facile Synthesis of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Peramivir. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.729279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jia
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Juan Hong
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- b College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- a College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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Matsuya Y, Suzuki N, Kobayashi SY, Miyahara T, Ochiai H, Nemoto H. Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrenes with a benzyloxy-type side-chain. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1477-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Human-like receptor specificity does not affect the neuraminidase-inhibitor susceptibility of H5N1 influenza viruses. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000043. [PMID: 18404209 PMCID: PMC2276691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
If highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses acquire affinity for human rather than avian respiratory epithelium, will their susceptibility to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (the likely first line of defense against an influenza pandemic) change as well? Adequate pandemic preparedness requires that this question be answered. We generated and tested 31 recombinants of A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) influenza virus carrying single, double, or triple mutations located within or near the receptor binding site in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that alter H5 HA binding affinity or specificity. To gain insight into how combinations of HA and NA mutations can affect the sensitivity of H5N1 virus to NA inhibitors, we also rescued viruses carrying the HA changes together with the H274Y NA substitution, which was reported to confer resistance to the NA inhibitor oseltamivir. Twenty viruses were genetically stable. The triple N158S/Q226L/N248D HA mutation (which eliminates a glycosylation site at position 158) caused a switch from avian to human receptor specificity. In cultures of differentiated human airway epithelial (NHBE) cells, which provide an ex vivo model that recapitulates the receptors in the human respiratory tract, none of the HA-mutant recombinants showed reduced susceptibility to antiviral drugs (oseltamivir or zanamivir). This finding was consistent with the results of NA enzyme inhibition assay, which appears to predict influenza virus susceptibility in vivo. Therefore, acquisition of human-like receptor specificity does not affect susceptibility to NA inhibitors. Sequence analysis of the NA gene alone, rather than analysis of both the NA and HA genes, and phenotypic assays in NHBE cells are likely to adequately identify drug-resistant H5N1 variants isolated from humans during an outbreak. If the avian influenza H5N1 viruses adapt to human hosts, the first step is likely to be a switch in the preference of their viral hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein to bind to human rather than avian cell receptors. Such a switch may also alter virus susceptibility to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, which are anti-influenza drugs that are likely to be the first line of defense against a pandemic. We generated recombinant A/Vietnam/1203/04-like (H5N1) viruses carrying HA mutations previously shown to alter receptor specificity or affinity. We also discovered a previously unknown route (three simultaneous HA amino acid substitutions) by which highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses can adapt to human receptors. We then used a novel cell-culture–based system (differentiated human airway epithelial NHBE cells) to evaluate the recombinant viruses' resistance to NA inhibitors. None of the HA-mutant recombinants showed reduced drug susceptibility. Our results indicate that the tested HA mutations are unlikely to cause resistance to NA inhibitors in vivo. The NHBE system meets the need for an appropriate cell-culture–based system for phenotypic characterization of drug resistance.
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Abstract
Annual epidemics of influenza virus infection are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, and pandemics are much more devastating. Considerable knowledge of viral infectivity and replication has been acquired, but many details still have to be elucidated and the virus remains a challenging target for drug design and development. This review provides an overview of the antiviral drugs targeting the influenza viral replicative cycle. Included are a brief description of their chemical syntheses and biological activities. For other reviews, see References1-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. Lagoja
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Matrosovich MN, Matrosovich TY, Gray T, Roberts NA, Klenk HD. Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium. J Virol 2004; 78:12665-7. [PMID: 15507653 PMCID: PMC525087 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.22.12665-12667.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) plays an essential role in release and spread of progeny virions, following the intracellular viral replication cycle. To test whether NA could also facilitate virus entry into cell, we infected cultures of human airway epithelium with human and avian influenza viruses in the presence of the NA inhibitor oseltamivir carboxylate. Twenty- to 500-fold less cells became infected in drug-treated versus nontreated cultures (P < 0.0001) 7 h after virus application, indicating that the drug suppressed the initiation of infection. These data demonstrate that viral NA plays a role early in infection, and they provide further rationale for the prophylactic use of NA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Matrosovich
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Robert Koch Strasse 17, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Matrosovich M, Klenk HD. Natural and synthetic sialic acid-containing inhibitors of influenza virus receptor binding. Rev Med Virol 2003; 13:85-97. [PMID: 12627392 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses attach to susceptible cells via multivalent interactions of their haemagglutinins with sialyloligosaccharide moieties of cellular glycoconjugates. Soluble macromolecules containing sialic acid from animal sera and mucosal fluids can act as decoy receptors and competitively inhibit virus-mediated haemagglutination and infection. Although a role for these natural inhibitors in the innate anti-influenza immunity is still not clear, studies are in progress on the design of synthetic sialic acid-containing inhibitors of receptor binding which could be used as anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Matrosovich
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Robert Koch Str. 17, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Wang MZ, Tai CY, Mendel DB. Mechanism by which mutations at his274 alter sensitivity of influenza a virus n1 neuraminidase to oseltamivir carboxylate and zanamivir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3809-16. [PMID: 12435681 PMCID: PMC132783 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.12.3809-3816.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oseltamivir carboxylate is a potent and specific inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase (NA). An influenza A/H1N1 variant selected in vitro with reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir carboxylate contains a His274Tyr mutation. To understand the mechanism by which a His274Tyr mutation gives rise to drug resistance, we studied a series of NA variant proteins containing various substitutions at position 274. Replacement of His274 with larger side chain residues (Tyr or Phe) reduced the NA sensitivity to oseltamivir carboxylate. In contrast, replacement of His274 with smaller side chain residues (Gly, Asn, Ser, and Gln) resulted in enhanced or unchanged sensitivity to oseltamivir carboxylate. Previous studies have suggested that the slow-binding inhibition of NA by oseltamivir carboxylate is a result of the reorientation of Glu276. Loss of this slow-binding inhibition in the His274Tyr and His274Phe mutant NA but not in His274Asn, His274Gly, His274Ser, or His274Gln supports the conclusion that the conformational change of Glu276 is restricted in the His274Tyr and His274Phe mutant NA upon oseltamivir carboxylate binding. Interestingly, His274Asn, as well as His274Gly, His274Ser, and His274Gln, also displayed reduced sensitivity to zanamivir and its analogue, 4-amino-Neu5Ac2en. Substitution of His274 with Tyr in influenza A/Tokyo/3/67 (H3N2) recombinant NA did not affect the susceptibility to oseltamivir carboxylate. These data indicate that the volume occupied by the amino acid side chain at position 274 can influence the sensitivities of influenza N1 NA but not of N2 NA to both oseltamivir carboxylate and zanamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, USA.
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