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He Q, Yuan Q, Shan H, Wu C, Gu Y, Wu K, Hu W, Zhang Y, He X, Xu HE, Zhao LH. Mechanisms of ligand recognition and activation of melanin-concentrating hormone receptors. Cell Discov 2024; 10:48. [PMID: 38710677 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic neuropeptide that regulates food intake, energy balance, and other physiological functions by stimulating MCHR1 and MCHR2 receptors, both of which are class A G protein-coupled receptors. MCHR1 predominately couples to inhibitory G protein, Gi/o, and MCHR2 can only couple to Gq/11. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of MCH-activated MCHR1 with Gi and MCH-activated MCHR2 with Gq at the global resolutions of 3.01 Å and 2.40 Å, respectively. These structures reveal that MCH adopts a consistent cysteine-mediated hairpin loop configuration when bound to both receptors. A central arginine from the LGRVY core motif between the two cysteines of MCH penetrates deeply into the transmembrane pocket, triggering receptor activation. Integrated with mutational and functional insights, our findings elucidate the molecular underpinnings of ligand recognition and MCH receptor activation and offer a structural foundation for targeted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingning Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Canrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Yang D, Hou X, Yang G, Li M, Zhang J, Han M, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Effects of the POMC System on Glucose Homeostasis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Obesity and Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2939-2950. [PMID: 36186941 PMCID: PMC9521683 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s380577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is indispensable in energy regulation and glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that pro-opiomelanocortin neurons receive both central neuronal signals, such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, β-endorphin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, as well as sense peripheral signals such as leptin, insulin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon-like peptide-2, affecting glucose metabolism through their corresponding receptors and related signaling pathways. Abnormalities in these processes can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which these signal molecules fulfill their role remain unclear. Consequently, in this review, we explored the mechanisms of these hormones and signals on obesity and diabetes to suggest potential therapeutic targets for obesity-related metabolic diseases. Multi-drug combination therapy for obesity and diabetes is becoming a trend and requires further research to help patients to better control their blood glucose and improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhang, Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Yunfeng Liu, Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18703416196, Email
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3
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Hawkins MN, Horvath TL. Cannabis in fat: high hopes to treat obesity. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3918-3920. [PMID: 29035279 DOI: 10.1172/jci97042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) is known to have a substantial impact on the regulation of energy metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms. In this issue of the JCI, Ruiz de Azua and colleagues provide important insights into the regulation of adipocyte physiology by CB1. Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of the CB1-encoding gene had an overall improved metabolic profile in addition to reduced body weight and total adiposity. These changes were associated with an increase in sympathetic tone of the adipose tissue and expansion of activated macrophages, both of which occurred prior to changes in body weight, lending support to a causal relationship between loss of CB1 in adipocytes and systemic metabolic changes. This work identifies adipocyte CB1s as a potential novel peripheral target for affecting systemic metabolism with diminished CNS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody N Hawkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.,Yale University School of Medicine, and
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Yale University School of Medicine, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Otieno MA, Bhaskaran V, Janovitz E, Callejas Y, Foster WB, Washburn W, Megill JR, Lehman-McKeeman L, Gemzik B. Mechanisms for Hepatobiliary Toxicity in Rats Treated with an Antagonist of Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHR1). Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:379-388. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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5
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Igawa H, Takahashi M, Ikoma M, Kaku H, Kakegawa K, Kina A, Aida J, Okuda S, Kawata Y, Noguchi T, Hotta N, Yamamoto S, Nakayama M, Nagisa Y, Kasai S, Maekawa T. Amine-free melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists: Novel non-basic 1-(2H-indazole-5-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives and mitigation of mutagenicity in Ames test. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2504-2518. [PMID: 27117261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To develop non-basic melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonists with a high probability of target selectivity and therapeutic window, we explored neutral bicyclic motifs that could replace the previously reported imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine or 1H-benzimidazole motif. The results indicated that the binding affinity of a chemically neutral 2H-indazole derivative 8a with MCHR1 (hMCHR1: IC50=35nM) was comparable to that of the imidazopyridine and benzimidazole derivatives (1 and 2, respectively) reported so far. However, 8a was positive in the Ames test using TA1537 in S9- condition. Based on a putative intercalation of 8a with DNA, we introduced a sterically-hindering cyclopropyl group on the indazole ring to decrease planarity, which led to the discovery of 1-(2-cyclopropyl-3-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)-4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)thiophen-3-yl]methoxy}pyridin-2(1H)-one 8l without mutagenicity in TA1537. Compound 8l exerted significant antiobesity effects in diet-induced obese F344 rats and exhibited promising safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Igawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Ikoma
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kaku
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Kakegawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Asato Kina
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Aida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shoki Okuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kawata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Noguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Natsu Hotta
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagisa
- CVM Marketing Japan Pharma Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 12-10, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8686, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kasai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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6
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Igawa H, Takahashi M, Shirasaki M, Kakegawa K, Kina A, Ikoma M, Aida J, Yasuma T, Okuda S, Kawata Y, Noguchi T, Yamamoto S, Fujioka Y, Kundu M, Khamrai U, Nakayama M, Nagisa Y, Kasai S, Maekawa T. Amine-free melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists: Novel 1-(1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives and design to avoid CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2486-2503. [PMID: 27112449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an attractive target for antiobesity agents, and numerous drug discovery programs are dedicated to finding small-molecule MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonists. We recently reported novel pyridine-2(1H)-ones as aliphatic amine-free MCHR1 antagonists that structurally featured an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based bicyclic motif. To investigate imidazopyridine variants with lower basicity and less potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), we designed pyridine-2(1H)-ones bearing various less basic bicyclic motifs. Among these, a lead compound 6a bearing a 1H-benzimidazole motif showed comparable binding affinity to MCHR1 to the corresponding imidazopyridine derivative 1. Optimization of 6a afforded a series of potent thiophene derivatives (6q-u); however, most of these were found to cause time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4. As bioactivation of thiophenes to form sulfoxide or epoxide species was considered to be a major cause of CYP3A4 TDI, we introduced electron withdrawing groups on the thiophene and found that a CF3 group on the ring or a Cl adjacent to the sulfur atom helped prevent CYP3A4 TDI. Consequently, 4-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methoxy]-1-(2-cyclopropyl-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (6s) was identified as a potent MCHR1 antagonist without the risk of CYP3A4 TDI, which exhibited a promising safety profile including low CYP3A4 inhibition and exerted significant antiobesity effects in diet-induced obese F344 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Igawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mikio Shirasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Kakegawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Asato Kina
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Ikoma
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Aida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yasuma
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Shoki Okuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kawata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Noguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujioka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mrinalkanti Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Ltd., Block BN, Plot 7, Saltlake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Uttam Khamrai
- TCG Lifesciences Ltd., Block BN, Plot 7, Saltlake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagisa
- CVM Marketing Japan Pharma Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 12-10, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8686, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kasai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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7
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Igawa H, Takahashi M, Kakegawa K, Kina A, Ikoma M, Aida J, Yasuma T, Kawata Y, Ashina S, Yamamoto S, Kundu M, Khamrai U, Hirabayashi H, Nakayama M, Nagisa Y, Kasai S, Maekawa T. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Antagonists Lacking an Aliphatic Amine: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel 1-(Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one Derivatives. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1116-39. [PMID: 26736071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to discover melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonists with improved safety profiles, we hypothesized that the aliphatic amine employed in most antagonists reported to date could be removed if the bicyclic motif of the compound scaffold interacted with Asp123 and/or Tyr272 of MCHR1. We excluded aliphatic amines from our compound designs, with a cutoff value of pK(a) < 8, and explored aliphatic amine-free MCHR1 antagonists in a CNS-oriented chemical space limited by four descriptors (TPSA, ClogP, MW, and HBD count). Screening of novel bicyclic motifs with high intrinsic binding affinity for MCHR1 identified the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring (represented in compounds 6a and 6b), and subsequent cyclization of the central aliphatic amide linkage led to the discovery of a potent, orally bioavailable MCHR1 antagonist 4-[(4-chlorobenzyl)oxy]-1-(2-cyclopropyl-3-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 10a. It exhibited low potential for hERG inhibition and phospholipidosis induction as well as sufficient brain concentration to exert antiobesity effects in diet-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Igawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Kakegawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Asato Kina
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Ikoma
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Aida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yasuma
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kawata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ashina
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mrinalkanti Kundu
- TCG Lifesciences Ltd. , Block BN, Plot 7, Saltlake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Uttam Khamrai
- TCG Lifesciences Ltd. , Block BN, Plot 7, Saltlake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagisa
- CVM Marketing Japan Pharma Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 12-10, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8686, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kasai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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8
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Deletion of Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor-1 disrupts overeating in the presence of food cues. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:402-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Understanding the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) in terms of molecular quantum similarity and DFT-based reactivity descriptors. J Mol Model 2015; 21:156. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Abdel-Magid AF. Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists for treatment of obesity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:367-8. [PMID: 25941549 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Sakurai T, Ogawa K, Ishihara Y, Kasai S, Nakayama M. The MCH(1) receptor, an anti-obesity target, is allosterically inhibited by 8-methylquinoline derivatives possessing subnanomolar binding and long residence times. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1287-98. [PMID: 24670150 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH1 receptor) antagonists are being considered as anti-obesity agents. The present study reports a new class of MCH1 receptor antagonists with an 8-methylquinoline scaffold. The molecular mechanism of MCH1 receptor blockade by these antagonists was examined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The pharmacological properties of the 8-methylquinolines as exemplified by MQ1 were evaluated by use of multiple biophysical and cell-based functional assays. KEY RESULTS Multiple signalling pathways for Gαi and Gαq , and β-arrestin were inhibited by MQ1. Furthermore, MQ1 produced an insurmountable antagonism, causing a rightward shift of the curve for concentration-dependent binding of MCH along with a progressive reduction of the maximal response. The dissociation kinetics for MQ1 were determined from washout experiments as well as by affinity selection-MS. In short, MQ1 was shown to be a slowly dissociating reversible MCH1 receptor blocker with a low Koff value. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This is the first time that a slowly dissociating negative allosteric modulator of the MCH1 receptor has been demonstrated to inhibit the numerous signalling pathways of this receptor. The characteristics of MQ1 are superior and distinct from previously reported MCH1 receptor antagonists, making members of this chemotype attractive as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakurai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
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Rapid in silico selection of an MCHR1 antagonists’ focused library from multi-million compounds’ repositories: biological evaluation. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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MacNeil DJ. The role of melanin-concentrating hormone and its receptors in energy homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:49. [PMID: 23626585 PMCID: PMC3631741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies in rodents with melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) have demonstrated that the neuropeptide hormone is a potent orexigen. Acutely, MCH causes an increase in food intake, while chronically it leads to increased weight gain, primarily as an increase in fat mass. Multiple knockout mice models have confirmed the importance of MCH in modulating energy homeostasis. Animals lacking MCH, MCH-containing neurons, or the MCH receptor all are resistant to diet-induced obesity. These genetic and pharmacologic studies have prompted a large effort to identify potent and selective MCH receptor antagonists, initially as tool compounds to probe pharmacology in models of obesity, with an ultimate goal to identify novel anti-obesity drugs. In animal models, MCH antagonists have consistently shown efficacy in reducing food intake acutely and inhibiting body-weight gain when given chronically. Five compounds have proceeded into clinical testing. Although they were reported as well-tolerated, none has advanced to long-term efficacy and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. MacNeil
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research LaboratoriesKenilworth, NJ, USA
- *Correspondence: Douglas J. MacNeil, Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, K15-3-309D, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. e-mail:
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Suzuki K, Jayasena CN, Bloom SR. Obesity and appetite control. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:824305. [PMID: 22899902 PMCID: PMC3415214 DOI: 10.1155/2012/824305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major challenges to human health worldwide; however, there are currently no effective pharmacological interventions for obesity. Recent studies have improved our understanding of energy homeostasis by identifying sophisticated neurohumoral networks which convey signals between the brain and gut in order to control food intake. The hypothalamus is a key region which possesses reciprocal connections between the higher cortical centres such as reward-related limbic pathways, and the brainstem. Furthermore, the hypothalamus integrates a number of peripheral signals which modulate food intake and energy expenditure. Gut hormones, such as peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, and ghrelin, are modulated by acute food ingestion. In contrast, adiposity signals such as leptin and insulin are implicated in both short- and long-term energy homeostasis. In this paper, we focus on the role of gut hormones and their related neuronal networks (the gut-brain axis) in appetite control, and their potentials as novel therapies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Channa N. Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
Obesity is one of the major challenges to human health worldwide; however, there are currently no effective pharmacological interventions for obesity. Recent studies have improved our understanding of energy homeostasis by identifying sophisticated neurohumoral networks which convey signals between the brain and gut in order to control food intake. The hypothalamus is a key region which possesses reciprocal connections between the higher cortical centres such as reward-related limbic pathways, and the brainstem. Furthermore, the hypothalamus integrates a number of peripheral signals which modulate food intake and energy expenditure. Gut hormones, such as peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, and ghrelin, are modulated by acute food ingestion. In contrast, adiposity signals such as leptin and insulin are implicated in both short- and long-term energy homeostasis. In this paper, we focus on the role of gut hormones and their related neuronal networks (the gut-brain axis) in appetite control, and their potentials as novel therapies for obesity.
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