1
|
Benevento M, Alpár A, Gundacker A, Afjehi L, Balueva K, Hevesi Z, Hanics J, Rehman S, Pollak DD, Lubec G, Wulff P, Prevot V, Horvath TL, Harkany T. A brainstem-hypothalamus neuronal circuit reduces feeding upon heat exposure. Nature 2024; 628:826-834. [PMID: 38538787 PMCID: PMC11041654 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that heat exposure reduces food intake. However, the neurocircuit architecture and the signalling mechanisms that form an associative interface between sensory and metabolic modalities remain unknown, despite primary thermoceptive neurons in the pontine parabrachial nucleus becoming well characterized1. Tanycytes are a specialized cell type along the wall of the third ventricle2 that bidirectionally transport hormones and signalling molecules between the brain's parenchyma and ventricular system3-8. Here we show that tanycytes are activated upon acute thermal challenge and are necessary to reduce food intake afterwards. Virus-mediated gene manipulation and circuit mapping showed that thermosensing glutamatergic neurons of the parabrachial nucleus innervate tanycytes either directly or through second-order hypothalamic neurons. Heat-dependent Fos expression in tanycytes suggested their ability to produce signalling molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Instead of discharging VEGFA into the cerebrospinal fluid for a systemic effect, VEGFA was released along the parenchymal processes of tanycytes in the arcuate nucleus. VEGFA then increased the spike threshold of Flt1-expressing dopamine and agouti-related peptide (Agrp)-containing neurons, thus priming net anorexigenic output. Indeed, both acute heat and the chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic parabrachial neurons at thermoneutrality reduced food intake for hours, in a manner that is sensitive to both Vegfa loss-of-function and blockage of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2)-dependent exocytosis from tanycytes. Overall, we define a multimodal neurocircuit in which tanycytes link parabrachial sensory relay to the long-term enforcement of a metabolic code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Benevento
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Gundacker
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Afjehi
- Programme Proteomics, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kira Balueva
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - János Hanics
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Programme Proteomics, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peer Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohr SM, Pra RD, Platt MP, Feketa VV, Shanabrough M, Varela L, Kristant A, Cao H, Merriman DK, Horvath TL, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexia. bioRxiv 2024:2023.03.15.532843. [PMID: 38559054 PMCID: PMC10979886 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian hibernators survive prolonged periods of cold and resource scarcity by temporarily modulating normal physiological functions, but the mechanisms underlying these adaptations are poorly understood. The hibernation cycle of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) lasts for 5-7 months and comprises weeks of hypometabolic, hypothermic torpor interspersed with 24-48-hour periods of an active-like interbout arousal (IBA) state. We show that ground squirrels, who endure the entire hibernation season without food, have negligible hunger during IBAs. These squirrels exhibit reversible inhibition of the hypothalamic feeding center, such that hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons exhibit reduced sensitivity to the orexigenic and anorexigenic effects of ghrelin and leptin, respectively. However, hypothalamic infusion of thyroid hormone during an IBA is sufficient to rescue hibernation anorexia. Our results reveal that thyroid hormone deficiency underlies hibernation anorexia and demonstrate the functional flexibility of the hypothalamic feeding center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Mohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rafael Dai Pra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maryann P. Platt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Viktor V. Feketa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain 48940
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Haoran Cao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dana K. Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain 48940
| | - Sviatoslav N. Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena O. Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Price NL, Fernández-Tussy P, Varela L, Cardelo MP, Shanabrough M, Aryal B, de Cabo R, Suárez Y, Horvath TL, Fernández-Hernando C. microRNA-33 controls hunger signaling in hypothalamic AgRP neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2131. [PMID: 38459068 PMCID: PMC10923783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AgRP neurons drive hunger, and excessive nutrient intake is the primary driver of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. While many factors impacting central regulation of feeding behavior have been established, the role of microRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Utilizing unique mouse models, we demonstrate that miR-33 plays a critical role in the regulation of AgRP neurons, and that loss of miR-33 leads to increased feeding, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. These effects include the regulation of multiple miR-33 target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism. Our findings elucidate a key regulatory pathway regulated by a non-coding RNA that impacts hunger by controlling multiple bioenergetic processes associated with the activation of AgRP neurons, providing alternative therapeutic approaches to modulate feeding behavior and associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Glia -Neuron Interactions in the control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Magdalena P Cardelo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Laboratory of Glia -Neuron Interactions in the control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
- Department of Neuroscience. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hammerschmidt P, Steculorum SM, Bandet CL, Del Río-Martín A, Steuernagel L, Kohlhaas V, Feldmann M, Varela L, Majcher A, Quatorze Correia M, Klar RFU, Bauder CA, Kaya E, Porniece M, Biglari N, Sieben A, Horvath TL, Hornemann T, Brodesser S, Brüning JC. CerS6-dependent ceramide synthesis in hypothalamic neurons promotes ER/mitochondrial stress and impairs glucose homeostasis in obese mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7824. [PMID: 38016943 PMCID: PMC10684560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of hypothalamic ceramides has been associated with disrupted neuronal pathways in control of energy and glucose homeostasis. However, the specific ceramide species promoting neuronal lipotoxicity in obesity have remained obscure. Here, we find increased expression of the C16:0 ceramide-producing ceramide synthase (CerS)6 in cultured hypothalamic neurons exposed to palmitate in vitro and in the hypothalamus of obese mice. Conditional deletion of CerS6 in hypothalamic neurons attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent weight gain and improves glucose metabolism. Specifically, CerS6 deficiency in neurons expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) alters feeding behavior and alleviates the adverse metabolic effects of HFD feeding on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. POMC-expressing cell-selective deletion of CerS6 prevents the diet-induced alterations of mitochondrial morphology and improves cellular leptin sensitivity. Our experiments reveal functions of CerS6-derived ceramides in hypothalamic lipotoxicity, altered mitochondrial dynamics, and ER/mitochondrial stress in the deregulation of food intake and glucose metabolism in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hammerschmidt
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie M Steculorum
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Research Group Neurocircuit Wiring and Function, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cécile L Bandet
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vivien Kohlhaas
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marvin Feldmann
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Adam Majcher
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Quatorze Correia
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rhena F U Klar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marta Porniece
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Sieben
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Laboratory of Glia-Neuron Interactions in the Control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miletta MC, Horvath TL. Construction of Activity-based Anorexia Mouse Models. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4730. [PMID: 37575391 PMCID: PMC10415190 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder mainly characterized by extreme hypophagia, severe body weight loss, hyperactivity, and hypothermia. Currently, AN has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric illnesses. Despite decades of research, there is no effective cure for AN nor is there a clear understanding of its etiology. Since a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, social, and cultural factors underlines this disorder, the development of a suitable animal model has been difficult so far. Here, we present our protocol that couples a loss-of-function mouse model to the activity-based anorexia model (ABA), which involves self-imposed starvation in response to exposure to food restriction and exercise. We provide insights into a neural circuit that drives survival in AN and, in contrast to previous protocols, propose a model that mimics the conditions that mainly promote AN in humans, such as increased incidence during adolescence, onset preceded by negative energy balance, and increased compulsive exercise. This protocol will be useful for future studies that aim to identify neuronal populations or brain circuits that promote the onset or long-term maintenance of this devastating eating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consolata Miletta
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Center for Neurodevelopment, Growth and Nutrition of the Newborn, Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv H, Catarino J, Li D, Liu B, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Huang Y. A small-molecule degrader of TET3 as treatment for anorexia nervosa in an animal model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300015120. [PMID: 37036983 PMCID: PMC10120042 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300015120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness with the highest mortality. Current treatment options have been limited to psychotherapy and nutritional support, with low efficacy and high relapse rates. Hypothalamic AgRP (agouti-related peptide) neurons that coexpress AGRP and neuropeptide Y (NPY) play a critical role in driving feeding while also modulating other complex behaviors. We have previously reported that genetic ablation of Tet3, which encodes a member of the TET family dioxygenases, specifically in AgRP neurons in mice, activates these neurons and increases the expression of AGRP, NPY, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), leading to hyperphagia and anxiolytic effects. Bobcat339 is a synthetic small molecule predicted to bind to the catalytic pockets of TET proteins. Here, we report that Bobcat339 is effective in mitigating AN and anxiety/depressive-like behaviors using a well-established mouse model of activity-based anorexia (ABA). We show that treating mice with Bobcat339 decreases TET3 expression in AgRP neurons and activates these neurons leading to increased feeding, decreased compulsive running, and diminished lethality in the ABA model. Mechanistically, Bobcat339 induces TET3 protein degradation while simultaneously stimulating the expression of AGRP, NPY, and VGAT in a TET3-dependent manner both in mouse and human neuronal cells, demonstrating a conserved, previously unsuspected mode of action of Bobcat339. Our findings suggest that Bobcat339 may potentially be a therapeutic for anorexia nervosa and stress-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stevens HE, Scuderi S, Collica SC, Tomasi S, Horvath TL, Vaccarino FM. Neonatal loss of FGFR2 in astroglial cells affects locomotion, sociability, working memory, and glia-neuron interactions in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 36906620 PMCID: PMC10008554 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is almost exclusively expressed in glial cells in postnatal mouse brain, but its impact in glia for brain behavioral functioning is poorly understood. We compared behavioral effects from FGFR2 loss in both neurons and astroglial cells and from FGFR2 loss in astroglial cells by using either the pluripotent progenitor-driven hGFAP-cre or the tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-driven GFAP-creERT2 in Fgfr2 floxed mice. When FGFR2 was eliminated in embryonic pluripotent precursors or in early postnatal astroglia, mice were hyperactive, and had small changes in working memory, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, FGFR2 loss in astrocytes starting at 8 weeks of age resulted only in reduced anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, early postnatal loss of FGFR2 in astroglia is critical for broad behavioral dysregulation. Neurobiological assessments demonstrated that astrocyte-neuron membrane contact was reduced and glial glutamine synthetase expression increased only by early postnatal FGFR2 loss. We conclude that altered astroglial cell function dependent on FGFR2 in the early postnatal period may result in impaired synaptic development and behavioral regulation, modeling childhood behavioral deficits like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Stevens
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Soraya Scuderi
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sarah C Collica
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Simone Tomasi
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takahashi T, Stoiljkovic M, Song E, Gao XB, Yasumoto Y, Kudo E, Carvalho F, Kong Y, Park A, Shanabrough M, Szigeti-Buck K, Liu ZW, Kristant A, Zhang Y, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM, Kaczmarek LK, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. Response to: Elevated L1 expression in ataxia telangiectasia likely explained by an RNA-seq batch effect. Neuron 2023; 111:612-613. [PMID: 36863323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parker Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ralevski E, Horvath TL, Shanabrough M, Newcomb J, Pisani E, Petrakis I. Ghrelin Predicts Stimulant and Sedative Effects of Alcohol in Heavy Drinkers. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:100-106. [PMID: 36382470 PMCID: PMC9830489 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ghrelin levels and the subjective effects of alcohol in heavy drinkers, and to compare them to healthy controls. METHODS Ghrelin levels were collected as part of two laboratory studies. Both groups received either IV infusion of saline or high dose of alcohol (100 mg%). In the study of heavy drinkers, ghrelin was gathered on all subjects, but data was analyzed only for participants who received placebo (N=12). Healthy controls (N=20) came from another study that collected data on family history. Ghrelin levels and measures of alcohol effects (BAES, VAS, NDS, YCS [see manuscript for details]) were collected at 4 timepoints: baseline, before infusion, during infusion and after infusion. RESULTS IV alcohol significantly reduced ghrelin levels and higher fasting ghrelin levels were associated with more intense subjective alcohol effects. There were no differences in fasting ghrelin levels or subjective effects between heavy drinkers and controls. However, while both groups showed similar decline in ghrelin levels following alcohol infusion, on the placebo day, ghrelin levels in the healthy subjects increased significantly and exponentially over time while for the heavy drinkers ghrelin levels remained flat. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of ghrelin in reward mechanisms for alcohol. Contrary to others, we found no differences in fasting ghrelin levels or subjective experiences of alcohol between heavy drinkers and healthy controls. However, the group differences on the IV placebo day may be a possible indication of ghrelin abnormalities in heavy drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ralevski
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06520, CT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06520, CT, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06520, CT, USA
| | - Jenelle Newcomb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Pisani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ismene Petrakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takahashi T, Stoiljkovic M, Song E, Gao XB, Yasumoto Y, Kudo E, Carvalho F, Kong Y, Park A, Shanabrough M, Szigeti-Buck K, Liu ZW, Kristant A, Zhang Y, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM, Kaczmarek LK, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. LINE-1 activation in the cerebellum drives ataxia. Neuron 2022; 110:3278-3287.e8. [PMID: 36070749 PMCID: PMC9588660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1, L1), a dominant class of transposable elements in the human genome, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, but whether elevated L1 expression is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration has not been directly tested. Here, we show that the cerebellar expression of L1 is significantly elevated in ataxia telangiectasia patients and strongly anti-correlated with the expression of epigenetic silencers. To examine the role of L1 in the disease etiology, we developed an approach for direct targeting of the L1 promoter for overexpression in mice. We demonstrated that L1 activation in the cerebellum led to Purkinje cell dysfunctions and degeneration and was sufficient to cause ataxia. Treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor blunted ataxia progression by reducing DNA damage, attenuating gliosis, and reversing deficits of molecular regulators for calcium homeostasis in Purkinje cells. Our study provides the first direct evidence that L1 activation can drive neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parker Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Varela L, Horvath TL. Paraventricular glia drive circuit function to control metabolism. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1424-1426. [PMID: 36198288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of glia as active participants in brain functions has become increasingly evident. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Herrera Moro Chao et al. reveal that astrocytes in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) bidirectionally control neuronal behavior in response to metabolic cues and that this control is disrupted in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Laboratory of Neuron-Glia Interaction in the Control of Hunger, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Laboratory of Neuron-Glia Interaction in the Control of Hunger, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Comparative Medicine and Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie D, Stutz B, Li F, Chen F, Lv H, Sestan-Pesa M, Catarino J, Gu J, Zhao H, Stoddard CE, Carmichael GG, Shanabrough M, Taylor HS, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Huang Y. TET3 epigenetically controls feeding and stress response behaviors via AGRP neurons. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:162365. [PMID: 36189793 PMCID: PMC9525119 DOI: 10.1172/jci162365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TET family of dioxygenases promote DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide-expressing (AGRP-expressing) neurons play an essential role in driving feeding, while also modulating nonfeeding behaviors. Besides AGRP, these neurons produce neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the neurotransmitter GABA, which act in concert to stimulate food intake and decrease energy expenditure. Notably, AGRP, NPY, and GABA can also elicit anxiolytic effects. Here, we report that in adult mouse AGRP neurons, CRISPR-mediated genetic ablation of Tet3, not previously known to be involved in central control of appetite and metabolism, induced hyperphagia, obesity, and diabetes, in addition to a reduction of stress-like behaviors. TET3 deficiency activated AGRP neurons, simultaneously upregulated the expression of Agrp, Npy, and the vesicular GABA transporter Slc32a1, and impeded leptin signaling. In particular, we uncovered a dynamic association of TET3 with the Agrp promoter in response to leptin signaling, which induced 5hmC modification that was associated with a chromatin-modifying complex leading to transcription inhibition, and this regulation occurred in both the mouse models and human cells. Our results unmasked TET3 as a critical central regulator of appetite and energy metabolism and revealed its unexpected dual role in the control of feeding and other complex behaviors through AGRP neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Matija Sestan-Pesa
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gordon G Carmichael
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stutz B, Waterson MJ, Šestan-Peša M, Dietrich MO, Škarica M, Sestan N, Racz B, Magyar A, Sotonyi P, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Matyas F, Stoiljkovic M, Horvath TL. AgRP neurons control structure and function of the medial prefrontal cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3951-3960. [PMID: 35906488 PMCID: PMC9891653 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y-expressing (AgRP) neurons have a critical role in both feeding and non-feeding behaviors of newborn, adolescent, and adult mice, suggesting their broad modulatory impact on brain functions. Here we show that constitutive impairment of AgRP neurons or their peripubertal chemogenetic inhibition resulted in both a numerical and functional reduction of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice. These changes were accompanied by alteration of oscillatory network activity in mPFC, impaired sensorimotor gating, and altered ambulatory behavior that could be reversed by the administration of clozapine, a non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist. The observed AgRP effects are transduced to mPFC in part via dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and may also be conveyed by medial thalamic neurons. Our results unmasked a previously unsuspected role for hypothalamic AgRP neurons in control of neuronal pathways that regulate higher-order brain functions during development and in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Waterson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matija Šestan-Peša
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Škarica
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bence Racz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aletta Magyar
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Sotonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ferenc Matyas
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Q, Zhang B, Stutz B, Liu ZW, Horvath TL, Yang X. Ventromedial hypothalamic OGT drives adipose tissue lipolysis and curbs obesity. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn8092. [PMID: 36044565 PMCID: PMC9432828 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is known to regulate body weight and counterregulatory response. However, how VMH neurons regulate lipid metabolism and energy balance remains unknown. O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation), catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is considered a cellular sensor of nutrients and hormones. Here, we report that genetic ablation of OGT in VMH neurons inhibits neuronal excitability. Mice with VMH neuron-specific OGT deletion show rapid weight gain, increased adiposity, and reduced energy expenditure, without significant changes in food intake or physical activity. The obesity phenotype is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and reduced lipolysis of white adipose tissues. In addition, OGT deletion in VMH neurons down-regulates the sympathetic activity and impairs the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissues. These findings identify OGT in the VMH as a homeostatic set point that controls body weight and underscore the importance of the VMH in regulating lipid metabolism through white adipose tissue-specific innervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) system in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus has been recognized as a critical node in a complex network of neuronal systems controlling both physiology and behavior in vertebrates. Our understanding of the Hcrt/Orx system and its array of functions and actions has grown exponentially in merely 2 decades. This review will examine the latest progress in discerning the roles played by the Hcrt/Orx system in regulating homeostatic functions and in executing instinctive and learned behaviors. Furthermore, the gaps that currently exist in our knowledge of sex-related differences in this field of study are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin S, Yoon NA, Liu ZW, Song JE, Horvath TL, Kim JD, Diano S. Correction: Drp1 is required for AgRP neuronal activity and feeding. eLife 2022; 11:80570. [PMID: 35763333 PMCID: PMC9239674 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Ralevski A, Apelt F, Olas JJ, Mueller-Roeber B, Rugarli EI, Kragler F, Horvath TL. Plant mitochondrial FMT and its mammalian homolog CLUH controls development and behavior in Arabidopsis and locomotion in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:334. [PMID: 35652974 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria in animals are associated with development, as well as physiological and pathological behaviors. Several conserved mitochondrial genes exist between plants and higher eukaryotes. Yet, the similarities in mitochondrial function between plant and animal species is poorly understood. Here, we show that FMT (FRIENDLY MITOCHONDRIA) from Arabidopsis thaliana, a highly conserved homolog of the mammalian CLUH (CLUSTERED MITOCHONDRIA) gene family encoding mitochondrial proteins associated with developmental alterations and adult physiological and pathological behaviors, affects whole plant morphology and development under both stressed and normal growth conditions. FMT was found to regulate mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, germination, and flowering time. It also affects leaf expansion growth, salt stress responses and hyponastic behavior, including changes in speed of hyponastic movements. Strikingly, Cluh± heterozygous knockout mice also displayed altered locomotive movements, traveling for shorter distances and had slower average and maximum speeds in the open field test. These observations indicate that homologous mitochondrial genes may play similar roles and affect homologous functions in both plants and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ralevski
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Federico Apelt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justyna J Olas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Department of Biology, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kragler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Endle H, Horta G, Stutz B, Muthuraman M, Tegeder I, Schreiber Y, Snodgrass IF, Gurke R, Liu ZW, Sestan-Pesa M, Radyushkin K, Streu N, Fan W, Baumgart J, Li Y, Kloss F, Groppa S, Opel N, Dannlowski U, Grabe HJ, Zipp F, Rácz B, Horvath TL, Nitsch R, Vogt J. AgRP neurons control feeding behaviour at cortical synapses via peripherally derived lysophospholipids. Nat Metab 2022; 4:683-692. [PMID: 35760867 PMCID: PMC9940119 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid levels are influenced by peripheral metabolism. Within the central nervous system, synaptic phospholipids regulate glutamatergic transmission and cortical excitability. Whether changes in peripheral metabolism affect brain lipid levels and cortical excitability remains unknown. Here, we show that levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid are elevated after overnight fasting and lead to higher cortical excitability. LPA-related cortical excitability increases fasting-induced hyperphagia, and is decreased following inhibition of LPA synthesis. Mice expressing a human mutation (Prg-1R346T) leading to higher synaptic lipid-mediated cortical excitability display increased fasting-induced hyperphagia. Accordingly, human subjects with this mutation have higher body mass index and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. We further show that the effects of LPA following fasting are under the control of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons. Depletion of AgRP-expressing cells in adult mice decreases fasting-induced elevation of circulating LPAs, as well as cortical excitability, while blunting hyperphagia. These findings reveal a direct influence of circulating LPAs under the control of hypothalamic AgRP neurons on cortical excitability, unmasking an alternative non-neuronal route by which the hypothalamus can exert a robust impact on the cortex and thereby affect food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Endle
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guilherme Horta
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabel Faria Snodgrass
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matija Sestan-Pesa
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nora Streu
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wei Fan
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Transfer Group Antiinfectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Kloss
- Transfer Group Antiinfectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute of Translational Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute of Translational Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Horvath TL. Metabolism Connects Body, Brain, and Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:854-855. [PMID: 35501105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmed M, Kaur N, Cheng Q, Shanabrough M, Tretiakov EO, Harkany T, Horvath TL, Schlessinger J. A hypothalamic pathway for Augmentor α-controlled body weight regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200476119. [PMID: 35412887 PMCID: PMC9169862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200476119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmentor α and β (Augα and Augβ) are newly discovered ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinases Alk and Ltk. Augα functions as a dimeric ligand that binds with high affinity and specificity to Alk and Ltk. However, a monomeric Augα fragment and monomeric Augβ also bind to Alk and potently stimulate cellular responses. While previous studies demonstrated that oncogenic Alk mutants function as important drivers of a variety of human cancers, the physiological roles of Augα and Augβ are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the physiological roles of Augα and Augβ by exploring mice deficient in each or both Aug ligands. Analysis of mutant mice showed that both Augα single knockout and double knockout of Augα and Augβ exhibit a similar thinness phenotype and resistance to diet-induced obesity. In the Augα-knockout mice, the leanness phenotype is coupled to increased physical activity. By contrast, Augβ-knockout mice showed similar weight curves as the littermate controls. Experiments are presented demonstrating that Augα is robustly expressed and metabolically regulated in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, cells that control whole-body energy homeostasis in part via their projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Moreover, both Alk and melanocortin receptor-4 are expressed in discrete neuronal populations in the PVN and are regulated by projections containing Augα and AgRP, respectively, demonstrating that two distinct mechanisms that regulate pigmentation operate in the hypothalamus to control body weight. These experiments show that Alk-driven cancers were co-opted from a neuronal pathway in control of body weight, offering therapeutic opportunities for metabolic diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Qianni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Evgenii O. Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Varela L, Kim JG, Fernández-Tussy P, Aryal B, Liu ZW, Fernández-Hernando C, Horvath TL. Astrocytic lipid metabolism determines susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj2814. [PMID: 34890239 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic astrocytes play pivotal roles in both nutrient sensing and the modulation of synaptic plasticity of hypothalamic neuronal circuits in control of feeding and systemic glucose and energy metabolism. Here, we show the relevance of astrocytic fatty acid (FA) homeostasis under the opposing control of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL-4) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the cellular adaptations of hypothalamic astrocytes and neurons to the changing metabolic milieu. We observed that increased availability of FA in astrocytes induced by cell- and time-selective knockdown of Angptl4 protected against diet-induced obesity, while cell- and time-selective knockdown of Angptl4-regulated Pparγ lead to elevated susceptibility to obesity. Overall, our results unravel a previously unidentified role for astrocytic FA metabolism in central control of body weight and glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Valadés AG, Pozo M, Varela L, Boudjadja MB, Ramírez S, Chivite I, Eyre E, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Obri A, Milà-Guasch M, Altirriba J, Schneeberger M, Imbernón M, Garcia-Rendueles AR, Gama-Perez P, Rojo-Ruiz J, Rácz B, Alonso MT, Gomis R, Zorzano A, D'Agostino G, Alvarez CV, Nogueiras R, Garcia-Roves PM, Horvath TL, Claret M. Mitochondrial cristae-remodeling protein OPA1 in POMC neurons couples Ca 2+ homeostasis with adipose tissue lipolysis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1820-1835.e9. [PMID: 34343501 PMCID: PMC8432968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate cristae remodeling is a determinant of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics and thus represents a crucial process for cellular metabolic adaptations. Here, we show that mitochondrial cristae architecture and expression of the master cristae-remodeling protein OPA1 in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, which are key metabolic sensors implicated in energy balance control, is affected by fluctuations in nutrient availability. Genetic inactivation of OPA1 in POMC neurons causes dramatic alterations in cristae topology, mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, reduction in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in target areas, hyperphagia, and attenuated white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis resulting in obesity. Pharmacological blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ influx restores α-MSH and the lipolytic program, while improving the metabolic defects of mutant mice. Chemogenetic manipulation of POMC neurons confirms a role in lipolysis control. Our results unveil a novel axis that connects OPA1 in POMC neurons with mitochondrial cristae, Ca2+ homeostasis, and WAT lipolysis in the regulation of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mehdi Boutagouga Boudjadja
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Eyre
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Milà-Guasch
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mónica Imbernón
- Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela R Garcia-Rendueles
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jonathan Rojo-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Clara V Alvarez
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nedel WL, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, De Bastiani M, Montes THM, Abruzzi J, Galina A, Horvath TL, Portela LV. Mortality of septic shock patients is associated with impaired mitochondrial oxidative coupling efficiency in lymphocytes: a prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 34304333 PMCID: PMC8310546 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that challenges immune cells to reprogram their mitochondrial metabolism towards to increase ATP synthesis for building an appropriate immunity. This could print metabolic signatures in mitochondria whose association with disease progression and clinical outcomes remain elusive. Method This is a single-center prospective cohort study performed in the ICU of one tertiary referral hospital in Brazil. Between November 2017 and July 2018, 90 consecutive patients, aged 18 years or older, admitted to the ICU with septic shock were enrolled. Seventy-five patients had Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3) assessed at admission, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) assessed on the first (D1) and third (D3) days after admission. Mitochondrial respiration linked to complexes I, II, V, and biochemical coupling efficiency (BCE) were assessed at D1 and D3 and Δ (D3–D1) in isolated lymphocytes. Clinical and mitochondrial endpoints were used to dichotomize the survival and death outcomes. Our primary outcome was 6-month mortality, and secondary outcomes were ICU and hospital ward mortality. Results The mean SAPS 3 and SOFA scores at septic shock diagnosis were 75.8 (± 12.9) and 8 (± 3) points, respectively. The cumulative ICU, hospital ward, and 6-month mortality were 32 (45%), 43 (57%), and 50 (66%), respectively. At the ICU, non-surviving patients presented elevated arterial lactate (2.8 mmol/L, IQR, 2–4), C-reactive protein (220 mg/L, IQR, 119–284), and capillary refill time (5.5 s, IQR, 3–8). Respiratory rates linked to CII at D1 and D3, and ΔCII were decreased in non-surviving patients. Also, the BCE at D1 and D3 and the ΔBCE discriminated patients who would evolve to death in the ICU, hospital ward, and 6 months after admission. After adjusting for possible confounders, the ΔBCE value but not SOFA scores was independently associated with 6-month mortality (RR 0.38, CI 95% 0.18–0.78; P = 0.009). At a cut-off of − 0.002, ΔBCE displayed 100% sensitivity and 73% specificity for predicting 6-month mortality Conclusions The ΔBCE signature in lymphocytes provided an earlier recognition of septic shock patients in the ICU at risk of long-term deterioration of health status. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40635-021-00404-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Luis Nedel
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Salimen Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Ryzewski Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco De Bastiani
- Zimmer Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Hermes Maeso Montes
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose Abruzzi
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh AK, Chaube B, Zhang X, Sun J, Citrin KM, Canfrán-Duque A, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Varela L, Lee RG, Horvath TL, Price NL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Hepatocyte-specific suppression of ANGPTL4 improves obesity-associated diabetes and mitigates atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140989. [PMID: 34255741 PMCID: PMC8409581 DOI: 10.1172/jci140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic uptake and biosynthesis of fatty acids (FA), as well as the partitioning of FA into oxidative, storage, and secretory pathways are tightly regulated processes. Dysregulation of one or more of these processes can promote excess hepatic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4) is a secretory protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) homeostasis. To understand the role of ANGPTL4 in liver lipid metabolism under normal and high-fat fed conditions, we generated hepatocyte specific Angptl4 mutant mice (Hmut). Using metabolic turnover studies, we demonstrate that hepatic Angptl4 deficiency facilitates catabolism of TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants in the liver via increased hepatic lipase (HL) activity, which results in a significant reduction in circulating TAG and cholesterol levels. Consequently, depletion of hepatocyte Angptl4 protects against diet-induce obesity, glucose intolerance, liver steatosis, and atherogenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of Angptl4 in hepatocytes promotes FA uptake which results in increased FA oxidation, ROS production, and AMPK activation. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of a targeted pharmacologic therapy that specifically inhibits Angptl4 gene expression in the liver and protects against diet-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and liver damage, which likely occurs via increased HL activity. Notably, this novel inhibition strategy does not cause any of the deleterious effects previously observed with neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Jonathan Sun
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Kathryn M. Citrin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Luis Varela
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stoiljkovic M, Horvath TL, Hajós M. Therapy for Alzheimer's disease: Missing targets and functional markers? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101318. [PMID: 33711510 PMCID: PMC8131215 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of the next generation therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a huge challenge given the number of promising treatment candidates that failed in trials, despite recent advancements in understanding of genetic, pathophysiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease. This review reflects some of the most current concepts and controversies in developing disease-modifying and new symptomatic treatments. It elaborates on recent changes in the AD research strategy for broadening drug targets, and potentials of emerging non-pharmacological treatment interventions. Established and novel biomarkers are discussed, including emerging cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers reflecting tau pathology, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. These fluid biomarkers together with neuroimaging findings can provide innovative objective assessments of subtle changes in brain reflecting disease progression. A particular emphasis is given to neurophysiological biomarkers which are well-suited for evaluating the brain overall neural network integrity and function. Combination of multiple biomarkers, including target engagement and outcome biomarkers will empower translational studies and facilitate successful development of effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Nis School of Medicine, Nis, Serbia.
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Cognito Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ryu S, Shchukina I, Youm YH, Qing H, Hilliard B, Dlugos T, Zhang X, Yasumoto Y, Booth CJ, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Khanna K, Horvath TL, Dietrich MO, Artyomov M, Wang A, Dixit VD. Ketogenic diet restrains aging-induced exacerbation of coronavirus infection in mice. eLife 2021; 10:e66522. [PMID: 34151773 PMCID: PMC8245129 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Immunometabolic switch from glycolysis to ketolysis protects against inflammatory damage and influenza infection in adults. To investigate how age compromises defense against coronavirus infection, and whether a pro-longevity ketogenic diet (KD) impacts immune surveillance, we developed an aging model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain-A59 (MHV-A59). When inoculated intranasally, mCoV is pneumotropic and recapitulates several clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 infection. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Activation of ketogenesis in aged mice expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome, and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data establish harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against coronavirus infection in the aged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Hua Qing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Brandon Hilliard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Tamara Dlugos
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Yale Center for Research on AgingNew HavenUnited States
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Yale Center for Research on AgingNew HavenUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stoiljkovic M, Gutierrez KO, Kelley C, Horvath TL, Hajós M. TREM2 Deficiency Disrupts Network Oscillations Leading to Epileptic Activity and Aggravates Amyloid-β-Related Hippocampal Pathophysiology in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 88:837-847. [PMID: 34120899 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mutations in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) have been strongly associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other progressive dementias. In the brain, TREM2 protein is specifically expressed on microglia suggesting their active involvement in driving disease pathology. Using various transgenic AD models to interfere with microglial function through TREM2, several recent studies provided important data indicating a causal link between TREM2 and underlying amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. However, mechanisms by which TREM2 contributes to increased predisposition to clinical AD and influences its progression still remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to elucidate the potential contribution of TREM2 on specific oscillatory dynamic changes associated with AD pathophysiology. METHODS Spontaneous and brainstem nucleus pontis oralis stimulation-induced hippocampal oscillation paradigm was used to investigate the impact of TREM2 haploinsufficiency TREM2(Het) or total deficiency TREM2(Hom) on hippocampal network function in wild-type and Aβ overproducing Tg2576 mice under urethane anesthesia. RESULTS Partial (TREM2(Het)) or total (TREM2(Hom)) deletion of TREM2 led to increased incidence of spontaneous epileptiform seizures in both wild-type and Tg2576 mice. Importantly, deficiency of TREM2 in Tg2576 mice significantly diminished power of theta oscillation in the hippocampus elicited by brainstem-stimulation compared to wild-type mice. However, it did not affect hippocampal theta-phase gamma-amplitude coupling significantly, since over a 60%reduction was found in coupling in Tg2576 mice regardless of TREM2 function. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a role for TREM2-dependent microglial function in the hippocampal neuronal excitability in both wild type and Aβ overproducing mice, whereas deficiency in TREM2 function exacerbates disruptive effects of Aβ on hippocampal network oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karel Otero Gutierrez
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Acute Neurology and Pain, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The State University of New York-Downstate and New York University-Tandon, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cognito Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Flynn RA, Belk JA, Qi Y, Yasumoto Y, Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Shi Q, Mumbach MR, Limaye A, DeWeirdt PC, Schmitz CO, Parker KR, Woo E, Chang HY, Horvath TL, Carette JE, Bertozzi CR, Wilen CB, Satpathy AT. Discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions. Cell 2021; 184:2394-2411.e16. [PMID: 33743211 PMCID: PMC7951565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of a pandemic with growing global mortality. Using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS), we identified 309 host proteins that bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA during active infection. Integration of this data with ChIRP-MS data from three other RNA viruses defined viral specificity of RNA-host protein interactions. Targeted CRISPR screens revealed that the majority of functional RNA-binding proteins protect the host from virus-induced cell death, and comparative CRISPR screens across seven RNA viruses revealed shared and SARS-specific antiviral factors. Finally, by combining the RNA-centric approach and functional CRISPR screens, we demonstrated a physical and functional connection between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondria, highlighting this organelle as a general platform for antiviral activity. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive catalog of functional SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions, which may inform studies to understand the host-virus interface and nominate host pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Flynn
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aditi Limaye
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter C DeWeirdt
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cameron O Schmitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin R Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li N, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Gliniak CM, Vishvanath L, An YA, Wang MY, Deng Y, Zhu Q, Shan B, Sherwood A, Onodera T, Oz OK, Gordillo R, Gupta RK, Liu M, Horvath TL, Dixit VD, Scherer PE. Adiponectin preserves metabolic fitness during aging. eLife 2021; 10:65108. [PMID: 33904399 PMCID: PMC8099426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is essential for the regulation of tissue substrate utilization and systemic insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies have suggested a positive association of circulating adiponectin with healthspan and lifespan. However, the direct effects of adiponectin on promoting healthspan and lifespan remain unexplored. Here, we are using an adiponectin null mouse and a transgenic adiponectin overexpression model. We directly assessed the effects of circulating adiponectin on the aging process and found that adiponectin null mice display exacerbated age-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Moreover, adiponectin null mice have a significantly shortened lifespan on both chow and high-fat diet. In contrast, a transgenic mouse model with elevated circulating adiponectin levels has a dramatically improved systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced age-related tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and a prolonged healthspan and median lifespan. These results support a role of adiponectin as an essential regulator for healthspan and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Amber Sherwood
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Orhan K Oz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Varela L, Stutz B, Song JE, Kim JG, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Horvath TL. Hunger-promoting AgRP neurons trigger an astrocyte-mediated feed-forward autoactivation loop in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144239. [PMID: 33848272 DOI: 10.1172/jci144239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic feeding circuits have been identified as having innate synaptic plasticity, mediating adaption to the changing metabolic milieu by controlling responses to feeding and obesity. However, less is known about the regulatory principles underlying the dynamic changes in agouti-related protein (AgRP) perikarya, a region crucial for gating of neural excitation and, hence, feeding. Here we show that AgRP neurons activated by food deprivation, ghrelin administration, or chemogenetics decreased their own inhibitory tone while triggering mitochondrial adaptations in neighboring astrocytes. We found that it was the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA released by AgRP neurons that evoked this astrocytic response; this in turn resulted in increased glial ensheetment of AgRP perikarya by glial processes and increased excitability of AgRP neurons. We also identified astrocyte-derived prostaglandin E2, which directly activated - via EP2 receptors - AgRP neurons. Taken together, these observations unmasked a feed-forward, self-exciting loop in AgRP neuronal control mediated by astrocytes, a mechanism directly relevant for hunger, feeding, and overfeeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae Eun Song
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Datta D, Leslie SN, Wang M, Morozov YM, Yang S, Mentone S, Zeiss C, Duque A, Rakic P, Horvath TL, van Dyck CH, Nairn AC, Arnsten AFT. Age-related calcium dysregulation linked with tau pathology and impaired cognition in non-human primates. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:920-932. [PMID: 33829643 PMCID: PMC8195842 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The etiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires non‐genetically modified animal models. Methods The relationship of tau phosphorylation to calcium‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA) dysregulation was analyzed in aging rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and rat primary cortical neurons using biochemistry and immuno‐electron microscopy. The influence of calcium leak from ryanodine receptors (RyRs) on neuronal firing and cognitive performance was examined in aged macaques. Results Aged monkeys naturally develop hyperphosphorylated tau, including AD biomarkers (AT8 (pS202/pT205) and pT217) and early tau pathology markers (pS214 and pS356) that correlated with evidence of increased calcium leak (pS2808‐RyR2). Calcium also regulated early tau phosphorylation in vitro. Age‐related reductions in the calcium‐binding protein, calbindin, and in phosphodiesterase PDE4D were seen within dlPFC pyramidal cell dendrites. Blocking RyRs with S107 improved neuronal firing and cognitive performance in aged macaques. Discussion Dysregulated calcium signaling confers risk for tau pathology and provides a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shannon N Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yury M Morozov
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - SueAnn Mentone
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher H van Dyck
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu XS, Subramanian S, Zhang Y, Shi B, Xia J, Li T, Guo X, El-Hassar L, Szigeti-Buck K, Henao-Mejia J, Flavell RA, Horvath TL, Jonas EA, Kaczmarek LK, Wu LG. Presynaptic Kv3 channels are required for fast and slow endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Neuron 2021; 109:938-946.e5. [PMID: 33508244 PMCID: PMC7979485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery decades ago, the primary physiological and pathological effects of potassium channels have been attributed to their ion conductance, which sets membrane potential and repolarizes action potentials. For example, Kv3 family channels regulate neurotransmitter release by repolarizing action potentials. Here we report a surprising but crucial function independent of potassium conductance: by organizing the F-actin cytoskeleton in mouse nerve terminals, the Kv3.3 protein facilitates slow endocytosis, rapid endocytosis, vesicle mobilization to the readily releasable pool, and recovery of synaptic depression during repetitive firing. A channel mutation that causes spinocerebellar ataxia inhibits endocytosis, vesicle mobilization, and synaptic transmission during repetitive firing by disrupting the ability of the channel to nucleate F-actin. These results unmask novel functions of potassium channels in endocytosis and vesicle mobilization crucial for sustaining synaptic transmission during repetitive firing. Potassium channel mutations that impair these "non-conducting" functions may thus contribute to generation of diverse neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shobana Subramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bo Shi
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Jessica Xia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tiansheng Li
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lynda El-Hassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Ling-Gang Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jin S, Yoon NA, Liu ZW, Song JE, Horvath TL, Kim JD, Diano S. Drp1 is required for AgRP neuronal activity and feeding. eLife 2021; 10:64351. [PMID: 33689681 PMCID: PMC7946429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic orexigenic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons are crucial for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. Here, we show that fasting-induced AgRP neuronal activation is associated with dynamin-related peptide 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial fatty acid utilization in AgRP neurons. In line with this, mice lacking Dnm1l in adult AgRP neurons (Drp1 cKO) show decreased fasting- or ghrelin-induced AgRP neuronal activity and feeding and exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, fat mass, and feeding accompanied by a significant increase in energy expenditure. In support of the role for mitochondrial fission and fatty acids oxidation, Drp1 cKO mice showed attenuated palmitic acid-induced mitochondrial respiration. Altogether, our data revealed that mitochondrial dynamics and fatty acids oxidation in hypothalamic AgRP neurons is a critical mechanism for AgRP neuronal function and body-weight regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Jin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Nal Ae Yoon
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Jae Eun Song
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ravindra NG, Alfajaro MM, Gasque V, Huston NC, Wan H, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Greaney AM, Habet V, Chow RD, Chen JS, Wei J, Filler RB, Wang B, Wang G, Niklason LE, Montgomery RR, Eisenbarth SC, Chen S, Williams A, Iwasaki A, Horvath TL, Foxman EF, Pierce RW, Pyle AM, van Dijk D, Wilen CB. Single-cell longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelium identifies target cells, alterations in gene expression, and cell state changes. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001143. [PMID: 33730024 PMCID: PMC8007021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently limited Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and vaccines for the treatment or prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Enhanced understanding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and pathogenesis is critical for the development of therapeutics. To provide insight into viral replication, cell tropism, and host-viral interactions of SARS-CoV-2, we performed single-cell (sc) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of experimentally infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures over a time course. This revealed novel polyadenylated viral transcripts and highlighted ciliated cells as a major target at the onset of infection, which we confirmed by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. Over the course of infection, the cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2 expands to other epithelial cell types including basal and club cells. Infection induces cell-intrinsic expression of type I and type III interferons (IFNs) and interleukin (IL)-6 but not IL-1. This results in expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in both infected and bystander cells. This provides a detailed characterization of genes, cell types, and cell state changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human airway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Victor Gasque
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculte de Medecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Department de Bioinformatique, Univ Evry, Universite Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas C. Huston
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Han Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United of States of America
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United of States of America
| | - Allison M. Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Victoria Habet
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan D. Chow
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Renata B. Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stephanie C. Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United of States of America
| | - Ellen F. Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Coupé B, Leloup C, Asiedu K, Maillard J, Pénicaud L, Horvath TL, Bouret SG. Defective autophagy in Sf1 neurons perturbs the metabolic response to fasting and causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101186. [PMID: 33571700 PMCID: PMC7907893 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is a critical component of the forebrain pathways that regulate energy homeostasis. It also plays an important role in the metabolic response to fasting. However, the mechanisms contributing to these physiological processes remain elusive. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis by turning over cellular components and providing nutrients to the cells during starvation. Here, we investigated the importance of the autophagy-related gene Atg7 in Sf1-expressing neurons of the VMH in control and fasted conditions. Methods We generated Sf1-Cre; Atg7loxP/loxP mice and examined their metabolic and cellular response to fasting. Results Fasting induces autophagy in the VMH, and mice lacking Atg7 in Sf1-expressing neurons display altered leptin sensitivity and impaired energy expenditure regulation in response to fasting. Moreover, loss of Atg7 in Sf1 neurons causes alterations in the central response to fasting. Furthermore, alterations in mitochondria morphology and activity are observed in mutant mice. Conclusion Together, these data show that autophagy is nutritionally regulated in VMH neurons and that VMH autophagy participates in the control of energy homeostasis during fasting. Fasting induces autophagy in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Genetic loss of Atg7 in the VMH impairs metabolic response to fasting. Mice lacking Atg7 in the VMH display impaired mitochondria morphology and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Coupé
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Center, UMR-S 1172, Lille, 59000, France; University of Lille, FHU 1,000 Days for Health, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Kwame Asiedu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Julien Maillard
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Center, UMR-S 1172, Lille, 59000, France; University of Lille, FHU 1,000 Days for Health, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; STROMALab, CNRS ERL 5311, Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, Toulouse 31100, France
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sebastien G Bouret
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Center, UMR-S 1172, Lille, 59000, France; University of Lille, FHU 1,000 Days for Health, Lille, 59000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tan Y, Hang F, Liu ZW, Stoiljkovic M, Wu M, Tu Y, Han W, Lee AM, Kelley C, Hajós M, Lu L, de Lecea L, De Araujo I, Picciotto MR, Horvath TL, Gao XB. Impaired hypocretin/orexin system alters responses to salient stimuli in obese male mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4985-4998. [PMID: 32516139 DOI: 10.1172/jci130889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has evolved in an environment where food sources are scarce, and foraging for food is one of the major challenges for survival of the individual and species. Basic and clinical studies show that obesity or overnutrition leads to overwhelming changes in the brain in animals and humans. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the consequences of excessive energy intake are not well understood. Neurons expressing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) in the lateral/perifonical hypothalamus (LH) are critical for homeostatic regulation, reward seeking, stress response, and cognitive functions. In this study, we examined adaptations in Hcrt cells regulating behavioral responses to salient stimuli in diet-induced obese mice. Our results demonstrated changes in primary cilia, synaptic transmission and plasticity, cellular responses to neurotransmitters necessary for reward seeking, and stress responses in Hcrt neurons from obese mice. Activities of neuronal networks in the LH and hippocampus were impaired as a result of decreased hypocretinergic function. The weakened Hcrt system decreased reward seeking while altering responses to acute stress (stress-coping strategy), which were reversed by selectively activating Hcrt cells with chemogenetics. Taken together, our data suggest that a deficiency in Hcrt signaling may be a common cause of behavioral changes (such as lowered arousal, weakened reward seeking, and altered stress response) in obese animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fu Hang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Guangxi Reproductive Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, SUNY Downstate and NYU Tandon, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ivan De Araujo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miletta MC, Iyilikci O, Shanabrough M, Šestan-Peša M, Cammisa A, Zeiss CJ, Dietrich MO, Horvath TL. Author Correction: AgRP neurons control compulsive exercise and survival in an activity-based anorexia model. Nat Metab 2021; 3:288. [PMID: 33495625 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consolata Miletta
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Onur Iyilikci
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matija Šestan-Peša
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Allison Cammisa
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline J Zeiss
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yasumoto Y, Horvath TL. Crosstalk between maternal perinatal obesity and offspring dopaminergic circuitry. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3416-3418. [PMID: 32510474 DOI: 10.1172/jci138123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which maternal obesity influences fetal brain development and behavior is not well understood. In this issue of the JCI, Lippert et al. showed that feeding maternal mice a high-fat diet (HFD) during lactation attenuated the activity of dopamine (DA) midbrain neurons and altered the DA-related behavioral phenotype seen in the offspring. The authors further suggested that the altered excitatory and inhibitory balance between D1 medium spiny neurons (MSN) and D2 MSN mediates this behavioral phenotype. These mechanisms may provide strategies for preventing the negative effects of maternal obesity on offspring development and adult health.
Collapse
|
39
|
Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Wang G, Castaldi C, Heltke J, Ng E, Wheeler J, Alfajaro MM, Levavasseur E, Fontes B, Ravindra NG, Van Dijk D, Mane S, Gunel M, Ring A, Kazmi SAJ, Zhang K, Wilen CB, Horvath TL, Plu I, Haik S, Thomas JL, Louvi A, Farhadian SF, Huttner A, Seilhean D, Renier N, Bilguvar K, Iwasaki A. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211674. [PMID: 33433624 PMCID: PMC7808299 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is considered to be primarily a respiratory disease, SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, there is no consensus on the consequences of CNS infections. Here, we used three independent approaches to probe the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect the brain. First, using human brain organoids, we observed clear evidence of infection with accompanying metabolic changes in infected and neighboring neurons. However, no evidence for type I interferon responses was detected. We demonstrate that neuronal infection can be prevented by blocking ACE2 with antibodies or by administering cerebrospinal fluid from a COVID-19 patient. Second, using mice overexpressing human ACE2, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion in vivo. Finally, in autopsies from patients who died of COVID-19, we detect SARS-CoV-2 in cortical neurons and note pathological features associated with infection with minimal immune cell infiltrates. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2 and an unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Alba Vieites Prado
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Skriabine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Evelyn Ng
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | | | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Etienne Levavasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fontes
- Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Neal G Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David Van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Haik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Cellule nationale de référence des maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shelli F Farhadian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Miletta MC, Iyilikci O, Shanabrough M, Šestan-Peša M, Cammisa A, Zeiss CJ, Dietrich MO, Horvath TL. AgRP neurons control compulsive exercise and survival in an activity-based anorexia model. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1204-1211. [PMID: 33106687 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y-expressing neurons have a critical role in driving food intake, but also in modulating complex, non-feeding behaviours1. We interrogated whether AgRP neurons are relevant to the emergence of anorexia nervosa symptomatology in a mouse model. Here we show, using in vivo fibre photometry, a rapid inhibition of AgRP neuronal activity following voluntary cessation of running. All AgRP neuron-ablated, food-restricted mice die within 72 h of compulsive running, while daily activation of AgRP neurons using a chemogenetic tool increases voluntary running with no lethality of food-restricted animals. Animals with impaired AgRP neuronal circuits are unable to properly mobilize fuels during food-restriction-associated exercise; however, when provided with elevated fat content through diet, their death is completely prevented. Elevated fat content in the diet also prevents the long-term behavioural impact of food-restricted fit mice with elevated exercise volume. These observations elucidate a previously unsuspected organizational role of AgRP neurons, via the mediation of the periphery, in the regulation of compulsive exercise and its related lethality with possible implications for psychiatric conditions, such as anorexia nervosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consolata Miletta
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Onur Iyilikci
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matija Šestan-Peša
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Allison Cammisa
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline J Zeiss
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Physiology of Behavior, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Flynn RA, Belk JA, Qi Y, Yasumoto Y, Schmitz CO, Mumbach MR, Limaye A, Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Parker KR, Chang HY, Horvath TL, Carette JE, Bertozzi C, Wilen CB, Satpathy AT. Systematic discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA-host protein interactions during infection. bioRxiv 2020:2020.10.06.327445. [PMID: 33052334 PMCID: PMC7553159 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.06.327445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a pandemic with growing global mortality. There is an urgent need to understand the molecular pathways required for host infection and anti-viral immunity. Using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS), we identified 309 host proteins that bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA during active infection. Integration of this data with viral ChIRP-MS data from three other positive-sense RNA viruses defined pan-viral and SARS-CoV-2-specific host interactions. Functional interrogation of these factors with a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that the vast majority of viral RNA-binding proteins protect the host from virus-induced cell death, and we identified known and novel anti-viral proteins that regulate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Finally, our RNA-centric approach demonstrated a physical connection between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host mitochondria, which we validated with functional and electron microscopy data, providing new insights into a more general virus-specific protein logic for mitochondrial interactions. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive catalogue of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions, which may inform future studies to understand the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, as well as nominate host pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit. HIGHLIGHTS · ChIRP-MS of SARS-CoV-2 RNA identifies a comprehensive viral RNA-host protein interaction network during infection across two species· Comparison to RNA-protein interaction networks with Zika virus, dengue virus, and rhinovirus identify SARS-CoV-2-specific and pan-viral RNA protein complexes and highlights distinct intracellular trafficking pathways· Intersection of ChIRP-MS and genome-wide CRISPR screens identify novel SARS-CoV-2-binding proteins with pro- and anti-viral function· Viral RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions reveal specific SARS-CoV-2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Flynn
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Julia A. Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Cameron O. Schmitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Maxwell R. Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Aditi Limaye
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin R. Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Howard Y. Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jan E. Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Carolyn Bertozzi
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stoiljkovic M, Kelley C, Stutz B, Horvath TL, Hajós M. Altered Cortical and Hippocampal Excitability in TgF344-AD Rats Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2716-2727. [PMID: 29920597 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current findings suggest that accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain disrupt synaptic function in hippocampal-cortical neuronal networks leading to impairment in cognitive and affective functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Development of new disease-modifying AD drugs are challenging due to the lack of predictive animal models and efficacy assays. In the present study we recorded neural activity in TgF344-AD rats, a transgenic model with a full array of AD pathological features, including age-dependent Aβ accumulation, tauopathy, neuronal loss, and cognitive impairments. Under urethane anesthesia, TgF344-AD rats showed significant age-dependent decline in brainstem-elicited hippocampal theta oscillation and decreased theta-phase gamma-amplitude coupling comparing to their age-matched wild-type counterparts. In freely-behaving condition, the power of hippocampal theta oscillation and gamma power during sharp-wave ripples were significantly lower in TgF344-AD rats. Additionally, these rats showed impaired coherence in both intercortical and hippocampal-cortical network dynamics, and increased incidence of paroxysmal high-voltage spindles, which occur during awake, behaviorally quiescent state. TgF344-AD rats demonstrated impairments in sensory processing, having diminished auditory gating and 40-Hz auditory evoked steady-state response. The observed differences in neurophysiological activities in TgF344-AD rats, which mirror several abnormalities described in AD patients, may be used as promising markers to monitor disease-modifying therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ryu S, Shchukina I, Youm YH, Qing H, Hilliard BK, Dlugos T, Zhang X, Yasumoto Y, Booth CJ, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Khanna KM, Horvath TL, Dietrich MO, Artyomov MN, Wang A, Dixit VD. Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33236006 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.294363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity. Unregulated cytokine storm together with impaired immunometabolic response leads to highest mortality in elderly infected with SARS-CoV-2. To investigate how aging compromises defense against COVID-19, we developed a model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59 (mCoV-A59) that recapitulated majority of clinical hallmarks of COVID-19. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Ketogenic diet increases beta-hydroxybutyrate, expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the inflammasome and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data underscore the value of mCoV-A59 model to test mechanism and establishes harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against COVID-19 in the elderly. Highlights - Natural MHV-A59 mouse coronavirus infection mimics COVID-19 in elderly.- Aged infected mice have systemic inflammation and inflammasome activation.- Murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection results in loss of pulmonary γδ T cells.- Ketones protect aged mice from infection by reducing inflammation. eTOC Blurb Elderly have the greatest risk of death from COVID-19. Here, Ryu et al report an aging mouse model of coronavirus infection that recapitulates clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 seen in elderly. The increased severity of infection in aged animals involved increased inflammasome activation and loss of γδ T cells that was corrected by ketogenic diet.
Collapse
|
44
|
Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Wang G, Castaldi C, Heltke J, Ng E, Wheeler J, Alfajaro MM, Levavasseur E, Fontes B, Ravindra NG, Van Dijk D, Mane S, Gunel M, Ring A, Kazmi SAJ, Zhang K, Wilen CB, Horvath TL, Plu I, Haik S, Thomas JL, Louvi A, Farhadian SF, Huttner A, Seilhean D, Renier N, Bilguvar K, Iwasaki A. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.25.169946. [PMID: 32935108 PMCID: PMC7491522 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.25.169946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is considered to be primarily a respiratory disease, SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, there is no consensus whether the virus can infect the brain, or what the consequences of CNS infection are. Here, we used three independent approaches to probe the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect the brain. First, using human brain organoids, we observed clear evidence of infection with accompanying metabolic changes in the infected and neighboring neurons. However, no evidence for the type I interferon responses was detected. We demonstrate that neuronal infection can be prevented either by blocking ACE2 with antibodies or by administering cerebrospinal fluid from a COVID-19 patient. Second, using mice overexpressing human ACE2, we demonstrate in vivo that SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion, but not respiratory infection, is associated with mortality. Finally, in brain autopsy from patients who died of COVID-19, we detect SARS-CoV-2 in the cortical neurons, and note pathologic features associated with infection with minimal immune cell infiltrates. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV2, and an unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alice Lu-Culligan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alba Vieites Prado
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Skriabine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jaime Heltke
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Evelyn Ng
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - John Wheeler
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Etienne Levavasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fontes
- Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Neal G. Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Syed A. Jaffar Kazmi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Haik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Cellule nationale de référence des maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shelli F. Farhadian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hosier H, Farhadian SF, Morotti RA, Deshmukh U, Lu-Culligan A, Campbell KH, Yasumoto Y, Vogels CB, Casanovas-Massana A, Vijayakumar P, Geng B, Odio CD, Fournier J, Brito AF, Fauver JR, Liu F, Alpert T, Tal R, Szigeti-Buck K, Perincheri S, Larsen C, Gariepy AM, Aguilar G, Fardelmann KL, Harigopal M, Taylor HS, Pettker CM, Wyllie AL, Cruz CD, Ring AM, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A, Reddy UM, Lipkind HS. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4947-4953. [PMID: 32573498 PMCID: PMC7456249 DOI: 10.1172/jci139569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy remain relatively unknown. We present a case of second trimester pregnancy with symptomatic COVID-19 complicated by severe preeclampsia and placental abruption.METHODSWe analyzed the placenta for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through molecular and immunohistochemical assays and by and electron microscopy and measured the maternal antibody response in the blood to this infection.RESULTSSARS-CoV-2 localized predominantly to syncytiotrophoblast cells at the materno-fetal interface of the placenta. Histological examination of the placenta revealed a dense macrophage infiltrate, but no evidence for the vasculopathy typically associated with preeclampsia.CONCLUSIONThis case demonstrates SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the placenta, highlighting the potential for severe morbidity among pregnant women with COVID-19.FUNDINGBeatrice Kleinberg Neuwirth Fund and Fast Grant Emergent Ventures funding from the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. The funding bodies did not have roles in the design of the study or data collection, analysis, and interpretation and played no role in writing the manuscript.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abortion, Therapeutic
- Abruptio Placentae/etiology
- Abruptio Placentae/pathology
- Abruptio Placentae/virology
- Adult
- Betacoronavirus/genetics
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Humans
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Pandemics
- Phylogeny
- Placenta/pathology
- Placenta/virology
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pre-Eclampsia/etiology
- Pre-Eclampsia/pathology
- Pre-Eclampsia/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- SARS-CoV-2
- Viral Load
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Hosier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | | | - Uma Deshmukh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | | | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Chantal B.F. Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | | | | | - Bertie Geng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - John Fournier
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Anderson F. Brito
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | - Joseph R. Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | | | - Tara Alpert
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - Anne L. Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | - Charles Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | | | | | - Uma M. Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dore R, Krotenko R, Reising JP, Murru L, Sundaram SM, Di Spiezio A, Müller-Fielitz H, Schwaninger M, Jöhren O, Mittag J, Passafaro M, Shanabrough M, Horvath TL, Schulz C, Lehnert H. Nesfatin-1 decreases the motivational and rewarding value of food. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1645-1655. [PMID: 32353862 PMCID: PMC7419560 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic and hedonic pathways distinctly interact to control food intake. Dysregulations of circuitries controlling hedonic feeding may disrupt homeostatic mechanisms and lead to eating disorders. The anorexigenic peptides nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1 may be involved in the interaction of these pathways. The endogenous levels of this peptide are regulated by the feeding state, with reduced levels following fasting and normalized by refeeding. The fasting state is associated with biochemical and behavioral adaptations ultimately leading to enhanced sensitization of reward circuitries towards food reward. Although NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is expressed in reward-related brain areas, its role in regulating motivation and preference for nutrients has not yet been investigated. We here report that both dopamine and GABA neurons express NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the VTA. Ex vivo electrophysiological recordings show that nesfatin-1 hyperpolarizes dopamine, but not GABA, neurons of the VTA by inducing an outward potassium current. In vivo, central administration of nesfatin-1 reduces motivation for food reward in a high-effort condition, sucrose intake and preference. We next adopted a 2-bottle choice procedure, whereby the reward value of sucrose was compared with that of a reference stimulus (sucralose + optogenetic stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons) and found that nesfatin-1 fully abolishes the fasting-induced increase in the reward value of sucrose. These findings indicate that nesfatin-1 reduces energy intake by negatively modulating dopaminergic neuron activity and, in turn, hedonic aspects of food intake. Since nesfatin-1´s actions are preserved in conditions of leptin resistance, the present findings render the NUCB2/nesfatin-1 system an appealing target for the development of novel therapeutical treatments towards obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. .,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Regina Krotenko
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Reising
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Present Address: Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Murru
- grid.418879.b0000 0004 1758 9800CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Sivaraj Mohana Sundaram
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandro Di Spiezio
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Passafaro
- grid.418879.b0000 0004 1758 9800CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Comparative Medicine, Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Comparative Medicine, Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.483037.b0000 0001 2226 5083Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078 Hungary
| | - Carla Schulz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ravindra NG, Alfajaro MM, Gasque V, Habet V, Wei J, Filler RB, Huston NC, Wan H, Szigeti-Buck K, Wang B, Wang G, Montgomery RR, Eisenbarth SC, Williams A, Pyle AM, Iwasaki A, Horvath TL, Foxman EF, Pierce RW, van Dijk D, Wilen CB. Single-cell longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelium. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.06.081695. [PMID: 32511382 PMCID: PMC7263511 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has tragically burdened individuals and institutions around the world. There are currently no approved drugs or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Enhanced understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis is critical for the development of therapeutics. To reveal insight into viral replication, cell tropism, and host-viral interactions of SARS-CoV-2 we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of experimentally infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air-liquid interface cultures over a time-course. This revealed novel polyadenylated viral transcripts and highlighted ciliated cells as a major target of infection, which we confirmed by electron microscopy. Over the course of infection, cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2 expands to other epithelial cell types including basal and club cells. Infection induces cell-intrinsic expression of type I and type III IFNs and IL6 but not IL1. This results in expression of interferon-stimulated genes in both infected and bystander cells. We observe similar gene expression changes from a COVID-19 patient ex vivo. In addition, we developed a new computational method termed CONditional DENSity Embedding (CONDENSE) to characterize and compare temporal gene dynamics in response to infection, which revealed genes relating to endothelin, angio-genesis, interferon, and inflammation-causing signaling pathways. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HBECs and a COVID-19 patient and revealed genes, cell types, and cell state changes associated with infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victor Gasque
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Département de Bioinformatique, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Habet
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renata B. Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Huston
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Han Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ellen F. Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard W. Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kiss DS, Toth I, Jocsak G, Barany Z, Bartha T, Frenyo LV, Horvath TL, Zsarnovszky A. Functional Aspects of Hypothalamic Asymmetry. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060389. [PMID: 32575391 PMCID: PMC7349050 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomically, the brain is a symmetric structure. However, growing evidence suggests that certain higher brain functions are regulated by only one of the otherwise duplicated (and symmetric) brain halves. Hemispheric specialization correlates with phylogeny supporting intellectual evolution by providing an ergonomic way of brain processing. The more complex the task, the higher are the benefits of the functional lateralization (all higher functions show some degree of lateralized task sharing). Functional asymmetry has been broadly studied in several brain areas with mirrored halves, such as the telencephalon, hippocampus, etc. Despite its paired structure, the hypothalamus has been generally considered as a functionally unpaired unit, nonetheless the regulation of a vast number of strongly interrelated homeostatic processes are attributed to this relatively small brain region. In this review, we collected all available knowledge supporting the hypothesis that a functional lateralization of the hypothalamus exists. We collected and discussed findings from previous studies that have demonstrated lateralized hypothalamic control of the reproductive functions and energy expenditure. Also, sporadic data claims the existence of a partial functional asymmetry in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, body temperature and circulatory functions. This hitherto neglected data highlights the likely high-level ergonomics provided by such functional asymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sandor Kiss
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1478-4247 or +36-1478-8406
| | - Istvan Toth
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Gergely Jocsak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Zoltan Barany
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Tibor Bartha
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Laszlo V. Frenyo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (I.T.); (G.J.); (Z.B.); (T.B.); (L.V.F.)
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Animal Physiology and Animal Health, Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.L.H.); (A.Z.)
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Attila Zsarnovszky
- Department of Animal Physiology and Animal Health, Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (T.L.H.); (A.Z.)
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Food restriction triggers a lowering in body temperature. A new study now provides a mechanism for this process that relies on opioid signaling in the hypothalamus. These observations suggest potential new therapeutics for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas da Silva Catarino
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Timper K, Del Río-Martín A, Cremer AL, Bremser S, Alber J, Giavalisco P, Varela L, Heilinger C, Nolte H, Trifunovic A, Horvath TL, Kloppenburg P, Backes H, Brüning JC. GLP-1 Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Function. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1189-1205.e13. [PMID: 32433922 PMCID: PMC7272126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes represent central regulators of brain glucose metabolism and neuronal function. They have recently been shown to adapt their function in response to alterations in nutritional state through responding to the energy state-sensing hormones leptin and insulin. Here, we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 inhibits glucose uptake and promotes β-oxidation in cultured astrocytes. Conversely, postnatal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) deletion in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes impairs astrocyte mitochondrial integrity and activates an integrated stress response with enhanced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 production and increased brain glucose uptake. Accordingly, central neutralization of FGF21 or astrocyte-specific FGF21 inactivation abrogates the improvements in glucose tolerance and learning in mice lacking GLP-1R expression in astrocytes. Collectively, these experiments reveal a role for astrocyte GLP-1R signaling in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, and lack of GLP-1R signaling mounts an adaptive stress response resulting in an improvement of systemic glucose homeostasis and memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Timper
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bremser
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Alber
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christian Heilinger
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|