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Liu YY, Wu M, Zhu J, Zhang KK, Niu HZ, Gao XB, Han ZB, Liu FD. [Clinical effects of free superficial circumflex iliac artery superficial branch perforator flap combined with full-thickness skin graft far from the flap donor site in repairing the large wounds in extremities]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2024; 40:72-77. [PMID: 38296239 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230727-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of free superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) superficial branch perforator flap combined with full-thickness skin graft far from the flap donor site in repairing the large wounds in extremities. Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study. From January 2020 to June 2022, 19 patients with large wounds in extremities who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, including 15 males and 4 females, aged 28-75 years. The debridement, fracture reduction and fixation, tendon, vessel, and nerve repair, and vacuum sealing drainage were performed in the first stage surgery. After debridement in the second stage surgery, the total wound area was 13.0 cm×8.0 cm-34.0 cm×15.0 cm. The tendon and bone exposed wound with area of 9.0 cm×6.0 cm-14.0 cm×7.0 cm was repaired with free SCIA superficial branch perforator flap with area of 10.0 cm×6.5 cm-15.0 cm×8.0 cm. The remaining granulation tissue wound with area of 5.0 cm×3.5 cm-13.0 cm×8.0 cm was repaired with full-thickness skin graft far from the flap donor site with area of 5.0 cm×3.5 cm-13.0 cm×8.0 cm. All the wounds in donor site were sutured. The operation time and amount of bleeding of patients during the surgery were recorded, the survival of flap and skin graft were observed after surgery. During follow-up, the flap and skin graft, scar in the donor site and its effect on donor site function were observed. At the last follow-up, the satisfaction of patients with the efficacy was evaluated by the efficacy satisfaction rating score. Results: The operation time of patients was 2.0-3.5 h. The amount of bleeding of patients during the surgery was 100-320 mL. One patient had ecchymosis and venous crisis in the edge of flap on the second day after surgery, and the flap survived after exploration. The flaps of the other patients survived smoothly. The skin grafts of patients all survived smoothly. Two patients had bloated flaps due to obesity in the later stage, and the expected results were achieved after flap thinning surgery 6 months after operation. During the follow-up of 6 to 24 months, the flaps had good elasticity and soft texture, and the skin grafts had no wear or ulceration; linear scars were left in all the donor sites but their functions were not affected. The patients were all satisfied with the efficacy. Conclusions: Free SCIA superficial perforator flap combined with full-thickness skin graft far from the donor site was used to repair the large wounds in extremities, which was safe, reliable, and less traumatic and short in operation time, and resulted in good postoperative appearance and function in the donor sites and recipient sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - K K Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - H Z Niu
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - X B Gao
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Z B Han
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - F D Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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Liu ZT, Chen ZD, Bing YC, Yang YF, Zhang YN, Yang WX, Gao XB, Huang JJ, Lin MK, Yu MB. [Clinical presentation of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma during the 2019-nCoV epidemic of Omicron variants: a single-center retrospective study]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:838-845. [PMID: 37648680 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20230330-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation pattern of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) during the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic over the past three years, and its relationship with 2019-nCoV infections of Omicron variants in Guangdong province. Methods: Ecological study.Patients who were newly diagnosed with acute PACG from February 2020 to January 2023 at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University were included in the study, and their basic information was collected. Patients were divided into the 2020 group (diagnosed between February 1st, 2020 and January 31st 2021), the 2021 group (diagnosed between February 1st, 2021 and January 31st 2022), and the 2022 group (diagnosed between February 1st, 2022 and January 31st 2023). The clinical presentation pattern of newly diagnosed acute PACG was observed and compared between groups. The daily number of newly diagnosed 2019-nCoV infections in Guangdong province was obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The correlation between the daily number of newly diagnosed acute PACG and that of newly diagnosed 2019-nCoV infections during the epidemic period of Omicron variants between December 2022 and January 2023 was assessed. Results: The study included 1 048 patients with newly diagnosed acute PACG, with 235 for the 2020 group, 274 for the 2021 group, and 539 for the 2022 group. Our results showed that the average weekly number of newly diagnosed acute PACG patients in 2022 [8 (5, 11)] was significantly larger than that in 2020 (4.52±1.95, P<0.05) and 2021 (5.27±2.76, P<0.05). The average weekly number increased to 22.11±20.84 between December 2022 and January 2023. The total number of newly diagnosed acute PACG patients during this period was 199, which was 36.9% (199/539) of the total number of the same year and was 6.63 and 6.42 times as many as that in the same period (December and January) of 2020 and 2021. The proportion of patients with bilateral eye involvement during this period in 2022 was significantly higher than that in 2020 and 2021 (P<0.05). Further analysis found that 88.6% (109/123) of cases had a history of 2019-nCoV infection 2 (0, 3) days before the onset of acute PACG symptoms in average. The estimated daily number of acute PACG onset increased rapidly, peaked on December 23th, 2022, and then dropped gradually. This trend was similar to that of the daily number of new 2019-nCoV infections in Guangdong province. Changes of the daily number of new 2019-nCoV infections in Guangdong province had a positive correlation with the estimated daily number of acute PACG onset (r=0.84, P<0.001). Conclusion: A dramatic increase in the clinical presentation of acute PACG was observed at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between December 2022 and January 2023, which was the epidemic period of Omicron variants. There is a correlation between the trend of the estimated daily number of acute PACG onset and that of new 2019-nCoV infections of Omicron variants in Guangdong province, but the exact reason remains to be further studied. (This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on August 31, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z T Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Z D Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y C Bing
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y F Yang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y N Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - W X Yang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - X B Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J J Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M K Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M B Yu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Lv H, Catarino J, Li D, Liu B, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Huang Y. A small-molecule degrader of TET3 as treatment for anorexia nervosa in an animal model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300015120. [PMID: 37036983 PMCID: PMC10120042 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300015120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness with the highest mortality. Current treatment options have been limited to psychotherapy and nutritional support, with low efficacy and high relapse rates. Hypothalamic AgRP (agouti-related peptide) neurons that coexpress AGRP and neuropeptide Y (NPY) play a critical role in driving feeding while also modulating other complex behaviors. We have previously reported that genetic ablation of Tet3, which encodes a member of the TET family dioxygenases, specifically in AgRP neurons in mice, activates these neurons and increases the expression of AGRP, NPY, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), leading to hyperphagia and anxiolytic effects. Bobcat339 is a synthetic small molecule predicted to bind to the catalytic pockets of TET proteins. Here, we report that Bobcat339 is effective in mitigating AN and anxiety/depressive-like behaviors using a well-established mouse model of activity-based anorexia (ABA). We show that treating mice with Bobcat339 decreases TET3 expression in AgRP neurons and activates these neurons leading to increased feeding, decreased compulsive running, and diminished lethality in the ABA model. Mechanistically, Bobcat339 induces TET3 protein degradation while simultaneously stimulating the expression of AGRP, NPY, and VGAT in a TET3-dependent manner both in mouse and human neuronal cells, demonstrating a conserved, previously unsuspected mode of action of Bobcat339. Our findings suggest that Bobcat339 may potentially be a therapeutic for anorexia nervosa and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Takahashi T, Stoiljkovic M, Song E, Gao XB, Yasumoto Y, Kudo E, Carvalho F, Kong Y, Park A, Shanabrough M, Szigeti-Buck K, Liu ZW, Kristant A, Zhang Y, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM, Kaczmarek LK, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. Response to: Elevated L1 expression in ataxia telangiectasia likely explained by an RNA-seq batch effect. Neuron 2023; 111:612-613. [PMID: 36863323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parker Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Wu YY, Luo YY, Huang LF, Wang HJ, Gao XB, Sun J, Chen J. [Prevalence and risk factors of medication non-adherence in children with inflammatory bowel disease]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:1191-1195. [PMID: 36319156 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220110-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of medication non-adherence in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from September 2020 to March 2022 and 112 children with IBD were enrolled. Their general information, medication adherence, and parental disease-related knowledge were collected by questionnaires. According to the medication adherence score, the children were divided into the adherence group (score of 6 to 8) and the non-adherence group (score of <6), then the demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Subsequently, a multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of medication non-adherence. Results: Of the 112 children, 76 were males and 36 females, with the age of 12.9 (9.5, 14.0) years. There were 50 (44.6%) in the non-adherence group and 62 (55.4%) in the adherence group. Regarding the demographic and clinical characteristics, the results showed that the dosage frequency and the parental disease related knowledge were associated with medication non-adherence (both P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with 0-6 years old children, the risk of medication non-adherence was significantly increased in children aged 7-12 years (OR=9.30, 95%CI 1.58-54.87, P=0.014) and 13-18 years (OR=8.26, 95%CI 1.49-45.85, P=0.016); and the risk was also significantly increased in children who took medication twice or more per day (OR=12.88, 95%CI 2.77-59.80, P=0.001) compared with children who took medication once per day. Meanwhile, the parental score of the questionnaire on Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis related knowledge (OR=0.76, 95%CI 0.66-0.89, P=0.001) was also a significant risk factor. Conclusions: Medication non-adherence is common in children with IBD. Children older than 7 years, a dosage frequency of twice or more per day, and parental poor disease-related knowledge are the independent risk factors for medication non-adherence in children with IBD. Clinicians should pay attention to promoting patients' adherence to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Y Y Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - L F Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - H J Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - X B Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310051, China
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Takahashi T, Stoiljkovic M, Song E, Gao XB, Yasumoto Y, Kudo E, Carvalho F, Kong Y, Park A, Shanabrough M, Szigeti-Buck K, Liu ZW, Kristant A, Zhang Y, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM, Kaczmarek LK, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. LINE-1 activation in the cerebellum drives ataxia. Neuron 2022; 110:3278-3287.e8. [PMID: 36070749 PMCID: PMC9588660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1, L1), a dominant class of transposable elements in the human genome, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, but whether elevated L1 expression is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration has not been directly tested. Here, we show that the cerebellar expression of L1 is significantly elevated in ataxia telangiectasia patients and strongly anti-correlated with the expression of epigenetic silencers. To examine the role of L1 in the disease etiology, we developed an approach for direct targeting of the L1 promoter for overexpression in mice. We demonstrated that L1 activation in the cerebellum led to Purkinje cell dysfunctions and degeneration and was sufficient to cause ataxia. Treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor blunted ataxia progression by reducing DNA damage, attenuating gliosis, and reversing deficits of molecular regulators for calcium homeostasis in Purkinje cells. Our study provides the first direct evidence that L1 activation can drive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parker Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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7
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Xie D, Stutz B, Li F, Chen F, Lv H, Sestan-Pesa M, Catarino J, Gu J, Zhao H, Stoddard CE, Carmichael GG, Shanabrough M, Taylor HS, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Huang Y. TET3 epigenetically controls feeding and stress response behaviors via AGRP neurons. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:162365. [PMID: 36189793 PMCID: PMC9525119 DOI: 10.1172/jci162365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TET family of dioxygenases promote DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide-expressing (AGRP-expressing) neurons play an essential role in driving feeding, while also modulating nonfeeding behaviors. Besides AGRP, these neurons produce neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the neurotransmitter GABA, which act in concert to stimulate food intake and decrease energy expenditure. Notably, AGRP, NPY, and GABA can also elicit anxiolytic effects. Here, we report that in adult mouse AGRP neurons, CRISPR-mediated genetic ablation of Tet3, not previously known to be involved in central control of appetite and metabolism, induced hyperphagia, obesity, and diabetes, in addition to a reduction of stress-like behaviors. TET3 deficiency activated AGRP neurons, simultaneously upregulated the expression of Agrp, Npy, and the vesicular GABA transporter Slc32a1, and impeded leptin signaling. In particular, we uncovered a dynamic association of TET3 with the Agrp promoter in response to leptin signaling, which induced 5hmC modification that was associated with a chromatin-modifying complex leading to transcription inhibition, and this regulation occurred in both the mouse models and human cells. Our results unmasked TET3 as a critical central regulator of appetite and energy metabolism and revealed its unexpected dual role in the control of feeding and other complex behaviors through AGRP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Matija Sestan-Pesa
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gordon G Carmichael
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
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8
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Stutz B, Waterson MJ, Šestan-Peša M, Dietrich MO, Škarica M, Sestan N, Racz B, Magyar A, Sotonyi P, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Matyas F, Stoiljkovic M, Horvath TL. AgRP neurons control structure and function of the medial prefrontal cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3951-3960. [PMID: 35906488 PMCID: PMC9891653 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y-expressing (AgRP) neurons have a critical role in both feeding and non-feeding behaviors of newborn, adolescent, and adult mice, suggesting their broad modulatory impact on brain functions. Here we show that constitutive impairment of AgRP neurons or their peripubertal chemogenetic inhibition resulted in both a numerical and functional reduction of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice. These changes were accompanied by alteration of oscillatory network activity in mPFC, impaired sensorimotor gating, and altered ambulatory behavior that could be reversed by the administration of clozapine, a non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist. The observed AgRP effects are transduced to mPFC in part via dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and may also be conveyed by medial thalamic neurons. Our results unmasked a previously unsuspected role for hypothalamic AgRP neurons in control of neuronal pathways that regulate higher-order brain functions during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Waterson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matija Šestan-Peša
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Škarica
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bence Racz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aletta Magyar
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Sotonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ferenc Matyas
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) system in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus has been recognized as a critical node in a complex network of neuronal systems controlling both physiology and behavior in vertebrates. Our understanding of the Hcrt/Orx system and its array of functions and actions has grown exponentially in merely 2 decades. This review will examine the latest progress in discerning the roles played by the Hcrt/Orx system in regulating homeostatic functions and in executing instinctive and learned behaviors. Furthermore, the gaps that currently exist in our knowledge of sex-related differences in this field of study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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10
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Zhou Y, Gu B, Brichant G, Singh JP, Yang H, Chang H, Zhao Y, Cheng C, Liu ZW, Alderman MH, Lu L, Yang X, Gao XB, Taylor HS. The steroid hormone estriol (E3) regulates epigenetic programming of fetal mouse brain and reproductive tract. BMC Biol 2022; 20:93. [PMID: 35491423 PMCID: PMC9059368 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Estriol (E3) is a steroid hormone formed only during pregnancy in primates including humans. Although E3 is synthesized at large amounts through a complex pathway involving the fetus and placenta, it is not required for the maintenance of pregnancy and has classically been considered virtually inactive due to associated very weak canonical estrogen signaling. However, estrogen exposure during pregnancy may have an effect on organs both within and outside the reproductive system, and compounds with binding affinity for estrogen receptors weaker than E3 have been found to impact reproductive organs and the brain. Here, we explore potential effects of E3 on fetal development using mouse as a model system.
Results
We administered E3 to pregnant mice, exposing the fetus to E3. Adult females exposed to E3 in utero (E3-mice) had increased fertility and superior pregnancy outcomes. Female and male E3-mice showed decreased anxiety and increased exploratory behavior. The expression levels and DNA methylation patterns of multiple genes in the uteri and brains of E3-mice were distinct from controls. E3 promoted complexing of estrogen receptors with several DNA/histone modifiers and their binding to target genes. E3 functions by driving epigenetic change, mediated through epigenetic modifier interactions with estrogen receptors rather than through canonical nuclear transcriptional activation.
Conclusions
We identify an unexpected functional role for E3 in fetal reproductive system and brain. We further identify a novel mechanism of estrogen action, through recruitment of epigenetic modifiers to estrogen receptors and their target genes, which is not correlated with the traditional view of estrogen potency.
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11
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Zhang X, Song YH, Gao XB, Hu K, Zhang YZ, Gao K, Zhang XL. [Advances of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in the combined treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:63-68. [PMID: 34979797 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210904-00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading irreversible blinding eye disease worldwide, and China has the largest amount of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). To reduce blindness, the therapeutic evolution can play a role. With the technical development of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma has been in a transformation. This article reviews the literatures related to the advances of MIGS in the combined treatment of PACG. The research findings show that MIGS may become one of the preferred surgical treatments for PACG in the future clinical management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y H Song
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - X B Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - K Hu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y Z Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - K Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - X L Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou 510060, China
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12
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Varela L, Stutz B, Song JE, Kim JG, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Horvath TL. Hunger-promoting AgRP neurons trigger an astrocyte-mediated feed-forward autoactivation loop in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144239. [PMID: 33848272 DOI: 10.1172/jci144239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic feeding circuits have been identified as having innate synaptic plasticity, mediating adaption to the changing metabolic milieu by controlling responses to feeding and obesity. However, less is known about the regulatory principles underlying the dynamic changes in agouti-related protein (AgRP) perikarya, a region crucial for gating of neural excitation and, hence, feeding. Here we show that AgRP neurons activated by food deprivation, ghrelin administration, or chemogenetics decreased their own inhibitory tone while triggering mitochondrial adaptations in neighboring astrocytes. We found that it was the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA released by AgRP neurons that evoked this astrocytic response; this in turn resulted in increased glial ensheetment of AgRP perikarya by glial processes and increased excitability of AgRP neurons. We also identified astrocyte-derived prostaglandin E2, which directly activated - via EP2 receptors - AgRP neurons. Taken together, these observations unmasked a feed-forward, self-exciting loop in AgRP neuronal control mediated by astrocytes, a mechanism directly relevant for hunger, feeding, and overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae Eun Song
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program of Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Tan Y, Hang F, Liu ZW, Stoiljkovic M, Wu M, Tu Y, Han W, Lee AM, Kelley C, Hajós M, Lu L, de Lecea L, De Araujo I, Picciotto MR, Horvath TL, Gao XB. Impaired hypocretin/orexin system alters responses to salient stimuli in obese male mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4985-4998. [PMID: 32516139 DOI: 10.1172/jci130889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has evolved in an environment where food sources are scarce, and foraging for food is one of the major challenges for survival of the individual and species. Basic and clinical studies show that obesity or overnutrition leads to overwhelming changes in the brain in animals and humans. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the consequences of excessive energy intake are not well understood. Neurons expressing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) in the lateral/perifonical hypothalamus (LH) are critical for homeostatic regulation, reward seeking, stress response, and cognitive functions. In this study, we examined adaptations in Hcrt cells regulating behavioral responses to salient stimuli in diet-induced obese mice. Our results demonstrated changes in primary cilia, synaptic transmission and plasticity, cellular responses to neurotransmitters necessary for reward seeking, and stress responses in Hcrt neurons from obese mice. Activities of neuronal networks in the LH and hippocampus were impaired as a result of decreased hypocretinergic function. The weakened Hcrt system decreased reward seeking while altering responses to acute stress (stress-coping strategy), which were reversed by selectively activating Hcrt cells with chemogenetics. Taken together, our data suggest that a deficiency in Hcrt signaling may be a common cause of behavioral changes (such as lowered arousal, weakened reward seeking, and altered stress response) in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fu Hang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Guangxi Reproductive Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, SUNY Downstate and NYU Tandon, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ivan De Araujo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Crouse RB, Kim K, Batchelor HM, Girardi EM, Kamaletdinova R, Chan J, Rajebhosale P, Pittenger ST, Role LW, Talmage DA, Jing M, Li Y, Gao XB, Mineur YS, Picciotto MR. Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances the learning of cue-reward contingency. eLife 2020; 9:57335. [PMID: 32945260 PMCID: PMC7529459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and activity of neurons expressing CaMKIIα (a marker for glutamatergic principal cells) in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. BLA CaMKIIα neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive cue after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to a quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Crouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
| | - Kristen Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
| | - Hannah M Batchelor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
| | - Eric M Girardi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Rufina Kamaletdinova
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,City University of New York, Hunter College, New York, United States
| | - Justin Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, New York, United States.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, United States
| | | | - Lorna W Role
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, United States
| | - David A Talmage
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
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15
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Yang YQ, Liu C, Yang J, Gao XB, Zhang JH, Shen Y, Huang L. [Association between serum levels of osteopontin and systolic pulmonary artery pressure among healthy adults post acute high altitude exposure]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 48:489-494. [PMID: 32842259 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20191226-00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between serum levels of osteopontin (OPN) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) in healthy men following acute high altitude exposure. Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this observational study included 94 male subjects (aged from 18 to 30 years, dwelling in lowland<500 m) who ascended to Litang (4 100 m) from Chongqing (400 m) by bus with a stair-like journey within 7 days in June 2013. Data including basic information, OPN, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and echocardiographic derived sPAP were collected within 48 hours before ascent and within 2-7 hours after arrival. Accordingly, subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the tertiles of sPAP after acute high altitude exposure: low sPAP group (26.8-32.3 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)) (n=31), middle sPAP group (32.4-37.4 mmHg) (n=32) and high sPAP group (37.5-55.6 mmHg) (n=31). Associations of serum OPN and SOD levels with sPAP were analysed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: After acute high altitude exposure, the levels of sPAP were significantly increased (P<0.001). There were no differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, percent of Han nationality and smoking among 3 subgroups. However, following acute high altitude exposure, the levels of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure elevated (all P<0.05), whereas the levels of oxygen saturation were reduced in the total subjects and all subgroups (all P<0.05). Moreover, systolic blood pressure of subjects in the high sPAP group was higher than that in low and middle sPAP groups (both P<0.05), and diastolic blood pressure of subjects in high sPAP group was higher than that in low sPAP group (P<0.05). The serum levels of OPN were increased in total cohort(27.9 (22.5,34.0) μg/L vs. 25.6 (18.4, 33.1) μg/L, P<0.05), and high sPAP group (P<0.05), whereas no differences were found in serum SOD and MDA levels among groups. Furthermore, the serum level of OPN in high sPAP group was higher than that in low sPAP group at high altitude (P<0.05), and there was a trend for decline in SOD level with increasing sPAP (P>0.05). Results from univariable linear regression analysis showed that the serum levels of OPN (r=0.32, P=0.002) and SOD (r=-0.22,P=0.032) were linearly correlated with sPAP in total cohort after high altitude exposure. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the serum levels of OPN(β=0.310,P=0.002) and SOD (β=-0.199,P=0.043) were independently associated with the levels of sPAP at high altitude. Conclusion: After acute high altitude exposure, the serum level of OPN is positively associated with sPAP, suggesting that OPN may be a novel bio-marker for predicting the increase of pulmonary pressure in response to acute high altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - X B Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Y Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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16
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Mor A, Zhang M, Esencan E, Simsek B, Nichols-Burns SM, Liu Y, Lo J, Kelk DA, Flores V, Gao XB, Seli E. A step towards the automation of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: real time confirmation of mouse and human oocyte penetration and viability by electrical resistance measurement. Fertil Steril 2019; 113:234-236. [PMID: 31883732 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if oocyte penetration and viability can be confirmed by an electrical resistance increase. Automated (robotic) intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) requires confirmation of oolemma penetration before sperm injection. Visual assessment using image processing algorithms have been developed but remain unreliable. We hypothesized that an increase in electrical resistance upon oolemma piercing during ICSI can serve as an objective tool to confirm oocyte penetration and viability. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Research laboratory in an academic center. PATIENTS/ANIMALS Oocytes from female mice and women undergoing oocyte retrieval procedure. INTERVENTION Oolemma piercing attempts with the ICSI pipette were performed by advancing the pipette towards mature (metaphase II) oocytes collected from 6 to 12-week-old mice and immature (germinal vesicle stage and metaphase I) oocytes donated by women who underwent oocyte retrieval. Electrical resistance was measured using a conventional electrophysiological setup that includes an electrical resistance meter and two electrical wires located in the lumina of the holding and ICSI pipettes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The measure of interest was the change in electrical resistance (ΔR) before and after advancing the ICSI pipette in an attempt to penetrate an oocyte. The experiments of resistance measurements were done in 3 steps: Step 1 (proof of concept), penetrated vs. non-penetrated mouse oocytes. Step 2, mouse oocytes with visually intact oolemma vs. fragmented mouse oocytes. Step 3, human oocytes with visually intact oolemma vs. fragmented human oocytes. For each group, median and range (in parenthesis) of ΔR were determined in MΩ. Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare the two groups in each step. RESULTS In Step 1, the penetrated mouse oocytes showed a statistically significant resistance increase compared to the non-penetrated ones (n = 20, median ΔR = 7.79 [2.57 - 106.00] vs. n = 15, median ΔR = 0.10 [-0.06 - 0.69], respectively. In Step 2, the mouse oocytes with visually intact oolemma showed a statistically significant resistance increase compared to the fragmented ones (n = 45, median ΔR = 6.5 [0.1 - 191.7] vs. n = 13, median ΔR = 0.1 [-0.3 - 2.2], respectively. In Step 3, the human oocytes with visually intact oolemma showed a statistically significant resistance increase compared to the fragmented ones (n = 96, median ΔR = 1.92 [-0.05 - 6.70] vs. n = 17, median ΔR = 0.11 [0.00 - 0.30], respectively. CONCLUSIONS An electrical resistance increase can serve as a reliable tool to confirm oocyte penetration and viability, independent of optical visualization. Following further validation and safety assessment, this technology can potentially be integrated into manual and robotic ICSI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ecem Esencan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Burcin Simsek
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M Nichols-Burns
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Lo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dawn A Kelk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Valerie Flores
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Berger JM, Singh P, Khrimian L, Morgan DA, Chowdhury S, Arteaga-Solis E, Horvath TL, Domingos AI, Marsland AL, Yadav VK, Rahmouni K, Gao XB, Karsenty G. Mediation of the Acute Stress Response by the Skeleton. Cell Metab 2019; 30:890-902.e8. [PMID: 31523009 PMCID: PMC6834912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that bone evolved, in part, to enhance the ability of bony vertebrates to escape danger in the wild. In support of this notion, we show here that a bone-derived signal is necessary to develop an acute stress response (ASR). Indeed, exposure to various types of stressors in mice, rats (rodents), and humans leads to a rapid and selective surge of circulating bioactive osteocalcin because stressors favor the uptake by osteoblasts of glutamate, which prevents inactivation of osteocalcin prior to its secretion. Osteocalcin permits manifestations of the ASR to unfold by signaling in post-synaptic parasympathetic neurons to inhibit their activity, thereby leaving the sympathetic tone unopposed. Like wild-type animals, adrenalectomized rodents and adrenal-insufficient patients can develop an ASR, and genetic studies suggest that this is due to their high circulating osteocalcin levels. We propose that osteocalcin defines a bony-vertebrate-specific endocrine mediation of the ASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Meyer Berger
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program in Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Parminder Singh
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lori Khrimian
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa and Veteran Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Subrata Chowdhury
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emilio Arteaga-Solis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa and Veteran Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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18
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Li T, Mamillapalli R, Ding S, Chang H, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Taylor HS. Endometriosis alters brain electrophysiology, gene expression and increases pain sensitization, anxiety, and depression in female mice. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:349-359. [PMID: 29425272 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder among reproductive-aged women associated with pelvic pain, anxiety, and depression. Pain is characterized by central sensitization; however, it is not clear if endometriosis leads to increased pain perception or if women with the disease are more sensitive to pain, increasing the detection of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced in mice and changes in behavior including pain perception, brain electrophysiology, and gene expression were characterized. Behavioral tests revealed that mice with endometriosis were more depressed, anxious and sensitive to pain compared to sham controls. Microarray analyses confirmed by qPCR identified differential gene expression in several regions of brain in mice with endometriosis. In these mice, genes such as Gpr88, Glra3 in insula, Chrnb4, Npas4 in the hippocampus, and Lcn2 in the amygdala were upregulated while Lct, Serpina3n (insula), and Nptx2 (amygdala) were downregulated. These genes are involved in anxiety, locomotion, and pain. Patch clamp recordings in the amygdala were altered in endometriosis mice demonstrating an effect of endometriosis on brain electrophysiology. Endometriosis induced pain sensitization, anxiety, and depression by modulating brain gene expression and electrophysiology; the effect of endometriosis on the brain may underlie pain sensitization and mood disorders reported in women with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Stutz B, Nasrallah C, Nigro M, Curry D, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Elsworth JD, Mintz L, Horvath TL. Dopamine neuronal protection in the mouse Substantia nigra by GHSR is independent of electric activity. Mol Metab 2019; 24:120-138. [PMID: 30833218 PMCID: PMC6531791 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dopamine neurons in the Substantia nigra (SN) play crucial roles in control of voluntary movement. Extensive degeneration of this neuronal population is the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many factors have been linked to SN DA neuronal survival, including neuronal pacemaker activity (responsible for maintaining basal firing and DA tone) and mitochondrial function. Dln-101, a naturally occurring splice variant of the human ghrelin gene, targets the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) present in the SN DA cells. Ghrelin activation of GHSR has been shown to protect SN DA neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. We decided to compare the actions of Dln-101 with ghrelin and identify the mechanisms associated with neuronal survival. Methods Histologial, biochemical, and behavioral parameters were used to evaluate neuroprotection. Inflammation and redox balance of SN DA cells were evaluated using histologial and real-time PCR analysis. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) technology was used to modulate SN DA neuron electrical activity and associated survival. Mitochondrial dynamics in SN DA cells was evaluated using electron microscopy data. Results Here, we report that the human isoform displays an equivalent neuroprotective factor. However, while exogenous administration of mouse ghrelin electrically activates SN DA neurons increasing dopamine output, as well as locomotion, the human isoform significantly suppressed dopamine output, with an associated decrease in animal motor behavior. Investigating the mechanisms by which GHSR mediates neuroprotection, we found that dopamine cell-selective control of electrical activity is neither sufficient nor necessary to promote SN DA neuron survival, including that associated with GHSR activation. We found that Dln101 pre-treatment diminished MPTP-induced mitochondrial aberrations in SN DA neurons and that the effect of Dln101 to protect dopamine cells was dependent on mitofusin 2, a protein involved in the process of mitochondrial fusion and tethering of the mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions Taken together, these observations unmasked a complex role of GHSR in dopamine neuronal protection independent on electric activity of these cells and revealed a crucial role for mitochondrial dynamics in some aspects of this process. Dln101 is a human splice-variant of the ghrelin gene with different expression pattern. Ghrelin and Dln101 display equivalent levels of neuroprotection of SN DA cells. Modulation of electrical activity of SN DA cells is not relevant for neuroprotection. Mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (MFN 2) blocks DLN101-induced mitochondrial fusion in SN DA neurons and prevents DLN101-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Stutz
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA.
| | - Carole Nasrallah
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - Mariana Nigro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
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20
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Han W, Tellez LA, Perkins MH, Perez IO, Qu T, Ferreira J, Ferreira TL, Quinn D, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Kaelberer MM, Bohórquez DV, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, de Lartigue G, de Araujo IE. A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell 2018; 175:887-888. [PMID: 30340046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Han W, Tellez LA, Perkins MH, Perez IO, Qu T, Ferreira J, Ferreira TL, Quinn D, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Kaelberer MM, Bohórquez DV, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, de Lartigue G, de Araujo IE. A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell 2018; 175:665-678.e23. [PMID: 30245012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The gut is now recognized as a major regulator of motivational and emotional states. However, the relevant gut-brain neuronal circuitry remains unknown. We show that optical activation of gut-innervating vagal sensory neurons recapitulates the hallmark effects of stimulating brain reward neurons. Specifically, right, but not left, vagal sensory ganglion activation sustained self-stimulation behavior, conditioned both flavor and place preferences, and induced dopamine release from Substantia nigra. Cell-specific transneuronal tracing revealed asymmetric ascending pathways of vagal origin throughout the CNS. In particular, transneuronal labeling identified the glutamatergic neurons of the dorsolateral parabrachial region as the obligatory relay linking the right vagal sensory ganglion to dopamine cells in Substantia nigra. Consistently, optical activation of parabrachio-nigral projections replicated the rewarding effects of right vagus excitation. Our findings establish the vagal gut-to-brain axis as an integral component of the neuronal reward pathway. They also suggest novel vagal stimulation approaches to affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Han
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis A Tellez
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew H Perkins
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaac O Perez
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Neurobiology of Oral Sensations, FES-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Taoran Qu
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jozelia Ferreira
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Ferreira
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Mathematics, Computing and Cognition Center, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Diego V Bohórquez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sara J Shammah-Lagnado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivan E de Araujo
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Ju W, Li X, Li Z, Wu GR, Fu XF, Yang XM, Zhang XQ, Gao XB. The effect of selenium supplementation on coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:8-16. [PMID: 28965605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is a crucial mineral with antioxidant and immune functions, and selenium deficiency may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the effect of selenium supplementation on CHD is still controversial according to numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The aim of our meta-analysis study was to investigate the impact of selenium on CHD. METHODS PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs evaluating the effect of selenium supplementation on CHD mortality, blood lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) from inception until September 20, 2016. Odds ratio of CHD mortality and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed effect model. Weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the lipid profile, serum CRP, and GSH-PX using fixed effect or random effect models depending on the observed heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 16 eligible RCTs with 43998 participants were included. Significant effects were observed for serum CRP (SMD=-0.48; 95% CI, -0.96 to 0; p=0.049) and GSH-PX (SMD=0.5; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64; p<0.001) after selenium supplementation. However, selenium supplementation was not statistically associated with CHD mortality and an aberrant lipid profile. CONCLUSION Selenium supplementation decreased serum CRP and increased the GSH-PX level, suggesting a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in CHD. However, selenium supplementation is not sufficient to reduce mortality and to improve the lipid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ju
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - G R Wu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X F Fu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X M Yang
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Q Zhang
- Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - X B Gao
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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23
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Khrimian L, Obri A, Ramos-Brossier M, Rousseaud A, Moriceau S, Nicot AS, Mera P, Kosmidis S, Karnavas T, Saudou F, Gao XB, Oury F, Kandel E, Karsenty G. Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin's regulation of cognition. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2859-2873. [PMID: 28851741 PMCID: PMC5626410 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study by Khrimian et al. demonstrates that the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to correct age-related cognitive decline in the mouse. It also provides genetic, molecular, and neurophysiological evidence that Gpr158 is the receptor mediating osteocalcin’s regulation of cognition. That osteocalcin (OCN) is necessary for hippocampal-dependent memory and to prevent anxiety-like behaviors raises novel questions. One question is to determine whether OCN is also sufficient to improve these behaviors in wild-type mice, when circulating levels of OCN decline as they do with age. Here we show that the presence of OCN is necessary for the beneficial influence of plasma from young mice when injected into older mice on memory and that peripheral delivery of OCN is sufficient to improve memory and decrease anxiety-like behaviors in 16-mo-old mice. A second question is to identify a receptor transducing OCN signal in neurons. Genetic, electrophysiological, molecular, and behavioral assays identify Gpr158, an orphan G protein–coupled receptor expressed in neurons of the CA3 region of the hippocampus, as transducing OCN’s regulation of hippocampal-dependent memory in part through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate that exogenous OCN can improve hippocampal-dependent memory in mice and identify molecular tools to harness this pathway for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Khrimian
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mariana Ramos-Brossier
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Rousseaud
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Moriceau
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Grenoble Institute des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Theodoros Karnavas
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Frederic Saudou
- Grenoble Institute des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Franck Oury
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1151, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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24
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Suyama S, Ralevski A, Liu ZW, Dietrich MO, Yada T, Simonds SE, Cowley MA, Gao XB, Diano S, Horvath TL. Plasticity of calcium-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors in Pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28762946 PMCID: PMC5538821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
POMC neurons integrate metabolic signals from the periphery. Here, we show in mice that food deprivation induces a linear current-voltage relationship of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in POMC neurons. Inhibition of EPSCs by IEM-1460, an antagonist of calcium-permeable (Cp) AMPARs, diminished EPSC amplitude in the fed but not in the fasted state, suggesting entry of GluR2 subunits into the AMPA receptor complex during food deprivation. Accordingly, removal of extracellular calcium from ACSF decreased the amplitude of mEPSCs in the fed but not the fasted state. Ten days of high-fat diet exposure, which was accompanied by elevated leptin levels and increased POMC neuronal activity, resulted in increased expression of Cp-AMPARs on POMC neurons. Altogether, our results show that entry of calcium via Cp-AMPARs is inherent to activation of POMC neurons, which may underlie a vulnerability of these neurons to calcium overload while activated in a sustained manner during over-nutrition. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25755.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetomo Suyama
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Alexandra Ralevski
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Stephanie E Simonds
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Departments of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Departments of Ob/Gyn and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Varela L, Suyama S, Huang Y, Shanabrough M, Tschöp MH, Gao XB, Giordano FJ, Horvath TL. Endothelial HIF-1α Enables Hypothalamic Glucose Uptake to Drive POMC Neurons. Diabetes 2017; 66:1511-1520. [PMID: 28292966 PMCID: PMC5440016 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary driver of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. We show that endothelial hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) controls glucose uptake in the hypothalamus and that it is upregulated in conditions of undernourishment, during which POMC neuronal activity is decreased. Endothelium-specific knockdown of HIF-1α impairs the ability of POMC neurons to adapt to the changing metabolic environment in vivo, resulting in overeating after food deprivation in mice. The impaired functioning of POMC neurons was reversed ex vivo or by parenchymal glucose administration. These observations indicate an active role for endothelial cells in the central control of metabolism and suggest that central vascular impairments may cause metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shigetomo Suyama
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Frank J Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Chen H, Gao X, Shi LL, Gao XB. Cytogenetic analysis of 10,286 cases with male infertility. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017; 44:392-394. [PMID: 29949279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosome analysis of 10,286 cases with male infertility and to discuss the genetic causes of male infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10,286 patients with azoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia were collected in the present center from January 2009 to January 2013.Peripheral blood lymphocyte culture and chromosome analysis were performed. RESULTS In all the 10,286 cases with azoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia, 8,401 cases showed normal karyotype, 538 cases had chromosome polymorphism, accounting for 5.2% and 1,378 cases had chromosomal abnormalities with a frequency of 13.4%; Conclusions: Genetic factors are closely related to the occurrence of azoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia, and chromosome analysis in patients with male infertility is necessary.
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Onorati M, Li Z, Liu F, Sousa AMM, Nakagawa N, Li M, Dell'Anno MT, Gulden FO, Pochareddy S, Tebbenkamp ATN, Han W, Pletikos M, Gao T, Zhu Y, Bichsel C, Varela L, Szigeti-Buck K, Lisgo S, Zhang Y, Testen A, Gao XB, Mlakar J, Popovic M, Flamand M, Strittmatter SM, Kaczmarek LK, Anton ES, Horvath TL, Lindenbach BD, Sestan N. Zika Virus Disrupts Phospho-TBK1 Localization and Mitosis in Human Neuroepithelial Stem Cells and Radial Glia. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2576-2592. [PMID: 27568284 PMCID: PMC5135012 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying Zika virus (ZIKV)-related microcephaly and other neurodevelopment defects remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the derivation and characterization, including single-cell RNA-seq, of neocortical and spinal cord neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells to model early human neurodevelopment and ZIKV-related neuropathogenesis. By analyzing human NES cells, organotypic fetal brain slices, and a ZIKV-infected micrencephalic brain, we show that ZIKV infects both neocortical and spinal NES cells as well as their fetal homolog, radial glial cells (RGCs), causing disrupted mitoses, supernumerary centrosomes, structural disorganization, and cell death. ZIKV infection of NES cells and RGCs causes centrosomal depletion and mitochondrial sequestration of phospho-TBK1 during mitosis. We also found that nucleoside analogs inhibit ZIKV replication in NES cells, protecting them from ZIKV-induced pTBK1 relocalization and cell death. We established a model system of human neural stem cells to reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental defects associated with ZIKV infection and its potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Onorati
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Anno
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Forrest O Gulden
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sirisha Pochareddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrew T N Tebbenkamp
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wenqi Han
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mihovil Pletikos
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tianliuyun Gao
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Candace Bichsel
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE13BZ, UK
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anze Testen
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mara Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marie Flamand
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - E S Anton
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Brett D Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Gao XB, Hermes G. Neural plasticity in hypocretin neurons: the basis of hypocretinergic regulation of physiological and behavioral functions in animals. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:142. [PMID: 26539086 PMCID: PMC4612503 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal system that resides in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamus (Pf/LH) and synthesizes the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin participates in critical brain functions across species from fish to human. The hypocretin system regulates neural activity responsible for daily functions (such as sleep/wake homeostasis, energy balance, appetite, etc.) and long-term behavioral changes (such as reward seeking and addiction, stress response, etc.) in animals. The most recent evidence suggests that the hypocretin system undergoes substantial plastic changes in response to both daily fluctuations (such as food intake and sleep-wake regulation) and long-term changes (such as cocaine seeking) in neuronal activity in the brain. The understanding of these changes in the hypocretin system is essential in addressing the role of the hypocretin system in normal physiological functions and pathological conditions in animals and humans. In this review, the evidence demonstrating that neural plasticity occurs in hypocretin-containing neurons in the Pf/LH will be presented and possible physiological, behavioral, and mental health implications of these findings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA ; Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism (ICSNM), Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gretchen Hermes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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Gao XB, Xiao M, Wang J, Liu YJ, Liu QZ, Qi ML. Optimization of candidate proteins for serological screening of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:12240-6. [PMID: 26505372 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.9.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize candidate antigen proteins for serological screening of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. C. trachomatis positive serum and swabs of genital secretions were collected from 50 patients in the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, as well as from 30 patients negative for C. trachomatis. Samples were assessed by colloidal gold assay in a sexually transmitted disease clinic as follows: serum antibodies for eight kinds of C. trachomatis immunodominant proteins (Pgp3, CPAF, CT143, CT101, CT694, CT875, CT813, and IncA) were detected, and two traditional gold standards, immunofluorescence and C. trachomatis cell culture of genital secretions, were used for comparison in order to determine the antigen protein combinations with the highest sensitivity and specificity. Of the 50 samples that tested positive for C. trachomatis infection by colloidal gold assay, 44 tested positive by micro-immunofluorescence, whereas 6 tested negative. In contrast, 14 samples tested positive by cell culture, whereas 36 tested negative. Serological results of the immunodominant protein combination of Pgp3, CT694, and CT875 shared positive coincidence rates of 97.73 and 92.86% with C. trachomatis micro-immunofluorescence and cell culture, respectively. No antibodies of the three proteins were detected in the 30 C. trachomatis samples that tested negative by colloidal gold assay; these samples also tested negative in C. trachomatis genital secretion culture. Overall, the combination of the three immunodominant proteins Pgp3, CT694, and CT875 had good sensitivity and specificity for serological screening of C. trachomatis infection, and the process was simple and easy to apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Gao
- Dermatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - M Xiao
- Dermatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J Wang
- Dermatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y J Liu
- Dermatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Z Liu
- Dermatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - M L Qi
- Dermatology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
The basic elements of animal behavior that are critical to survival include energy, arousal, and motivation: Energy intake and expenditure are fundamental to all organisms for the performance of any type of function; according to the Yerkes-Dodson law, an optimal level of arousal is required for animals to perform normal functions; and motivation is critical to goal-oriented behaviors in higher animals. The brain is the primary organ that controls these elements and, through evolution, has developed specialized structures to accomplish this task. The orexin/hypocretin system in the perifornical/lateral hypothalamus, which was discovered 15 years ago, is one such specialized area. This review summarizes a fast-growing body of evidence discerning how the orexin/hypocretin system integrates internal and external cues to regulate energy intake that can then be used to generate sufficient arousal for animals to perform innate and goal-oriented behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; ,
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Chen GZ, Qin J, Yu J, Gao XB, Dong JQ, Lu W, Bian SZ, Zeng Y, Huang L. Incidence of acute mountain sickness in young adults at 3200 meters: comparison of the Lake Louise Scoring and Chinese Scoring Systems. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:6790-801. [PMID: 24391027 DOI: 10.4238/2013.december.16.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare two scoring systems used for the diagnosis of acute mountain sickness (AMS): the Lake Louise Scoring (AMS-LLS) and the Chinese Scoring Systems (AMS-CSS). In total, 339 healthy young adult volunteers residing at sea level ascended to 3200 m by train and bus over a total journey time of 48 h. All subjects ascended in the same manner and were divided into three groups that were assessed after one (N = 88), two (N = 91), and three (N = 160) nights, respectively, at altitude. The overall incidence of AMS was 17.11% (N = 58) and 29.79% (N = 101) according to the AMS-LLS and AMS-CSS, respectively. Two participants (0.59%) experienced high-altitude pulmonary edema. Both scoring systems showed the highest incidence of AMS after the second night at high altitude. The AMS-CSS and AMS-LLS scores were significantly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.820, P < 0.001). The AMS-CSS identified all AMS subjects diagnosed by the AMS-LLS, and an additional 43 subjects. The dominant symptoms were reduced exercise tolerance (61.7%), fatigue (49.0%), dizziness (28.9%), chest distress (28.3%), and headache (27.4%). Compared with the AMS-LLS, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the AMS-CSS were 100, 84.7, 57.43, and 100%, respectively. There was no relationship between oxygen saturation levels and AMS scores at 3200 m. In summary, the AMS-CSS was similar to AMS-LLS, except that it resulted in more positive diagnoses, and headache did not play a large diagnostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Oury F, Khrimian L, Denny CA, Gardin A, Chamouni A, Goeden N, Huang YY, Lee H, Srinivas P, Gao XB, Suyama S, Langer T, Mann JJ, Horvath TL, Bonnin A, Karsenty G. Maternal and offspring pools of osteocalcin influence brain development and functions. Cell 2013; 155:228-41. [PMID: 24074871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The powerful regulation of bone mass exerted by the brain suggests the existence of bone-derived signals modulating this regulation or other functions of the brain. We show here that the osteoblast-derived hormone osteocalcin crosses the blood-brain barrier, binds to neurons of the brainstem, midbrain, and hippocampus, enhances the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters, inhibits GABA synthesis, prevents anxiety and depression, and favors learning and memory independently of its metabolic functions. In addition to these postnatal functions, maternal osteocalcin crosses the placenta during pregnancy and prevents neuronal apoptosis before embryos synthesize this hormone. As a result, the severity of the neuroanatomical defects and learning and memory deficits of Osteocalcin(-/-) mice is determined by the maternal genotype, and delivering osteocalcin to pregnant Osteocalcin(-/-) mothers rescues these abnormalities in their Osteocalcin(-/-) progeny. This study reveals that the skeleton via osteocalcin influences cognition and contributes to the maternal influence on fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Oury
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Rao Y, Mineur YS, Gan G, Wang AH, Liu ZW, Wu X, Suyama S, de Lecea L, Horvath TL, Picciotto MR, Gao XB. Repeated in vivo exposure of cocaine induces long-lasting synaptic plasticity in hypocretin/orexin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus in mice. J Physiol 2013; 591:1951-66. [PMID: 23318871 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.246983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocretin (orexin), a neuropeptide synthesized exclusively in the perifornical/lateral hypothalamus, is critical for drug seeking and relapse, but it is not clear how the circuitry centred on hypocretin-producing neurons (hypocretin neurons) is modified by drugs of abuse and how changes in this circuit might alter behaviours related to drug addiction. In this study, we show that repeated, but not single, in vivo cocaine administration leads to a long-lasting, experience-dependent potentiation of glutamatergic synapses on hypocretin neurons in mice following a cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) protocol. The synaptic potentiation occurs postsynaptically and probably involves up-regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors on hypocretin neurons. Phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is also significantly increased in hypocretin neurons in cocaine-treated animals, suggesting that CREB-mediated pathways may contribute to synaptic potentiation in these cells. Furthermore, the potentiation of synaptic efficacy in hypocretin neurons persists during cocaine withdrawal, but reverses to baseline levels after prolonged abstinence. Finally, the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered by a high-frequency stimulation is facilitated in hypocretin neurons in cocaine-treated mice, suggesting that long-lasting changes in synapses onto hypocretin neurons would probably be further potentiated by other stimuli (such as concurrent environmental cues) paired with the drug. In summary, we show here that hypocretin neurons undergo experience-dependent synaptic potentiation that is distinct from that reported in other reward systems, such as the ventral tegmental area, following exposure to cocaine. These findings support the idea that the hypocretin system is important for behavioural changes associated with cocaine administration in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Rao
- Department of 1OB/GYN and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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D'Agostino G, Kim JD, Liu ZW, Jeong JK, Suyama S, Calignano A, Gao XB, Schwartz M, Diano S. Prolyl endopeptidase-deficient mice have reduced synaptic spine density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, impaired LTP, and spatial learning and memory. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:2007-14. [PMID: 22767632 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) is a phylogenetically conserved serine protease and, in humans and rodents, is highly expressed in the brain. Several neuropeptides associated with learning and memory and neurodegenerative disorders have been proposed to be the substrates for PREP, suggesting a possible role for PREP in these processes. However, its physiological function remains elusive. Combining genetic, anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches, we show that PREP genetrap mice have decreased synaptic spine density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation, impaired hippocampal-mediated learning and memory, and reduced growth-associated protein-43 levels when compared with wild-type controls. These observations reveal a role for PREP in mediating hippocampal plasticity and spatial memory formation, with implications for its pharmacological manipulation in diseases related to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Dietrich MO, Bober J, Ferreira JG, Tellez LA, Mineur YS, Souza DO, Gao XB, Picciotto MR, Araújo I, Liu ZW, Horvath TL. AgRP neurons regulate development of dopamine neuronal plasticity and nonfood-associated behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:1108-10. [PMID: 22729177 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is not known whether behaviors unrelated to feeding are affected by hypothalamic regulators of hunger. We found that impairment of Agouti-related protein (AgRP) circuitry by either Sirt1 knockdown in AgRP-expressing neurons or early postnatal ablation of these neurons increased exploratory behavior and enhanced responses to cocaine. In AgRP circuit-impaired mice, ventral tegmental dopamine neurons exhibited enhanced spike timing-dependent long-term potentiation, altered amplitude of miniature postsynaptic currents and elevated dopamine in basal forebrain. Thus, AgRP neurons determine the set point of the reward circuitry and associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Dietrich
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical brain structure regulating physiological functions essential to the survival of individuals and species. One of the striking characteristics of this brain region is the abundance of nerve cells (neurons) expressing a great numbers of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, among which are hormones released into the blood stream through brain neuroendocrinological routes. The neurons in the lateral hypothalamus take part in intra- and extrahypothalamic circuits controlling basic physiological functions essential for the well being of animal bodies (such as cardiovascular function, respiratory function, immune responses, etc.), animal behaviors required for the maintenance of the survival of individuals (food foraging, flight, fight, etc.) and species (reproductive function), and higher brain functions (learning and memory, mental state, etc.). Hypocretin (also called orexin) comprises of two neuropeptides exclusively synthesized by neurons in the perifornical/lateral hypothalamus. Although hypocretin/orexin was initially found to enhance food intake, it is now clear that the functions mediated by hypocretin/orexin are well beyond what were originally proposed. Specifically, hypocretin/orexin is a crucial promoter of wakefulness; deficiency in the hypocretin/orexin system leads to diseases and disorders such as narcolepsy. It is clear that neurons synthesizing hypocretin/orexin are consistently under regulation originating from various parts of the brain and that the status of activity in hypocretin/orexin neurons is closely related with the nutritional and behavioral state of animals. Therefore, the demand to make adaptive changes in hypocretin/orexin neurons to accommodate the changes in the external environment and behavioral state of animals is expected. The latest developments in the studies of plasticity in hypocretin/orexin neurons under the challenges from environmental and behavioral factors have dramatically shaped the understanding of the roles of hypocretin/orexin neurons in the maintenance of the survival of animals. More importantly, the studies of plasticity in hypocretin/orexin neurons as the consequence of physiological, behavioral, and environmental challenges may shed new insight on the understanding and treatment of sleep disorders (such as insomnia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Trinko R, Gan G, Gao XB, Sears RM, Guarnieri DJ, DiLeone RJ. Erk1/2 mediates leptin receptor signaling in the ventral tegmental area. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27180. [PMID: 22076135 PMCID: PMC3208604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin acts on the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to modulate neuronal function and feeding behavior in rats and mice. To identify the intracellular effectors of the leptin receptor (Lepr), downstream signal transduction events were assessed for regulation by direct leptin infusion. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (pERK1/2) were increased in the VTA while phospho-AKT (pAKT) was unaffected. Pretreatment of brain slices with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase -1 and -2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor U0126 blocked the leptin-mediated decrease in firing frequency of VTA dopamine neurons. The anorexigenic effects of VTA-administered leptin were also blocked by pretreatment with U0126, which effectively blocked phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not STAT3. These data demonstrate that pERK1/2 may have a critical role in mediating both the electrophysiogical and behavioral effects of leptin receptor signaling in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Trinko
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Geliang Gan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Sears
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Guarnieri
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ralph J. DiLeone
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Diano S, Liu ZW, Jeong JK, Dietrich MO, Ruan HB, Kim E, Suyama S, Kelly K, Gyengesi E, Arbiser JL, Belsham DD, Sarruf DA, Schwartz MW, Bennett AM, Shanabrough M, Mobbs CV, Yang X, Gao XB, Horvath TL. Peroxisome proliferation-associated control of reactive oxygen species sets melanocortin tone and feeding in diet-induced obesity. Nat Med 2011; 17:1121-7. [PMID: 21873987 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have proposed roles for hypothalamic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the modulation of circuit activity of the melanocortin system. Here we show that suppression of ROS diminishes pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) cell activation and promotes the activity of neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-co-producing (NPY/AgRP) neurons and feeding, whereas ROS-activates POMC neurons and reduces feeding. The levels of ROS in POMC neurons were positively correlated with those of leptin in lean and ob/ob mice, a relationship that was diminished in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. High-fat feeding resulted in proliferation of peroxisomes and elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) mRNA levels within the hypothalamus. The proliferation of peroxisomes in POMC neurons induced by the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone decreased ROS levels and increased food intake in lean mice on high-fat diet. Conversely, the suppression of peroxisome proliferation by the PPAR antagonist GW9662 increased ROS concentrations and c-fos expression in POMC neurons. Also, it reversed high-fat feeding-triggered elevated NPY/AgRP and low POMC neuronal firing, and resulted in decreased feeding of DIO mice. Finally, central administration of ROS alone increased c-fos and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pStat3) expression in POMC neurons and reduced feeding of DIO mice. These observations unmask a previously unknown hypothalamic cellular process associated with peroxisomes and ROS in the central regulation of energy metabolism in states of leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Diano
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Wolff EF, Gao XB, Yao KV, Andrews ZB, Du H, Elsworth JD, Taylor HS. Endometrial stem cell transplantation restores dopamine production in a Parkinson's disease model. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:747-55. [PMID: 20406327 PMCID: PMC2998585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Adult human endometrial derived stem cells (HEDSC), a readily obtainable type of mesenchymal stem-like cell, were used to generate dopaminergic cells and for transplantation. Cells expressing CD90, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-Rβ and CD146 but not CD45 or CD31 were differentiated in vitro into dopaminergic neurons that exhibited axon projections, pyramidal cell bodies and dendritic projections that recapitulate synapse formation; these cells also expressed the neural marker nestin and tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Whole cell patch clamp recording identified G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium current 2 channels characteristic of central neurons. A 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine induced animal model of PD was used to demonstrate the ability of labelled HEDSC to engraft, migrate to the site of lesion, differentiate in vivo and significantly increase striatal dopamine and dopamine metabolite concentrations. HEDSC are a highly inducible source of allogenic stem cells that rescue dopamine concentrations in an immunocompetent PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Wolff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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40
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Liu ZW, Gan G, Suyama S, Gao XB. Intracellular energy status regulates activity in hypocretin/orexin neurones: a link between energy and behavioural states. J Physiol 2011; 589:4157-66. [PMID: 21727218 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.212514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt)-containing neurones within the lateral hypothalamus integrate nutritional, energetic and behavioural cues to generate the final output in order to exert their functions. It is still not clear how Hcrt neurones monitor changes in energy status in animals. In brain slices from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) exclusively in Hcrt neurones, we examined the roles of intracellular levels of ATP ([ATP](i)) in regulating activities in these cells with conventional and perforated whole-cell recording. By using 'ATP clamp' we demonstrated that membrane potential (V(m)) correlated with the [ATP](i) in Hcrt neurones. Perforated recording revealed a V(m) of -46.1 ± 1.6 mV (n = 18), close to the level measured with an [ATP](i) equal to 5-6 mm (-48.7 ± 1.4 mV, n = 16, 5 mm ATP), suggesting that a unique demand for energy is required to maintain normal functionality in Hcrt cells. A direct disruption of ATP production or reduction in ambient glucose levels resulted in an inhibition of activity in Hcrt neurones. The V(m) was significantly depolarized in Hcrt neurones in sleep-deprived mice as compared with controls (P < 0.01, t test), which was eliminated by experimental manipulations causing the same level of [ATP](i) and K(ATP) channel opening in both groups, suggesting a decrease during sleep and an increase during sustained wakefulness in [ATP](i) in Hcrt cells. In summary, these data demonstrate that a delicate control of activity by monitoring the availability of intracellular energy stores in Hcrt cells may serve as a novel mechanism regulating energy expenditure and behavioural state dependent upon the energy state in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;Section of Comparative Medicine; Department of Neurobiology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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41
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Mineur YS, Abizaid A, Rao Y, Salas R, DiLeone RJ, Gündisch D, Diano S, De Biasi M, Horvath TL, Gao XB, Picciotto MR. Nicotine decreases food intake through activation of POMC neurons. Science 2011; 332:1330-2. [PMID: 21659607 DOI: 10.1126/science.1201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Smoking decreases appetite, and smokers often report that they smoke to control their weight. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anorexic effects of smoking would facilitate the development of novel treatments to help with smoking cessation and to prevent or treat obesity. By using a combination of pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies, we found that activation of hypothalamic α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors leads to activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. POMC neurons and subsequent activation of melanocortin 4 receptors were critical for nicotinic-induced decreases in food intake in mice. This study demonstrates that nicotine decreases food intake and body weight by influencing the hypothalamic melanocortin system and identifies critical molecular and synaptic mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced decreases in appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, Third Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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Abstract
A study by Zhang et al. in this issue of Neuron reveals a novel mechanism of control of vestibular motor functions by the orexin (hypocretin) system in the perifornical/LH area through the lateral vestibular nucleus in the brainstem. This knowledge provides new insights into the understanding of brain circuitry that controls motor functions and diseases/conditions related to impairments in this circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Gyengesi E, Liu ZW, D'Agostino G, Gan G, Horvath TL, Gao XB, Diano S. Corticosterone regulates synaptic input organization of POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons in adult mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5395-402. [PMID: 20843996 PMCID: PMC2954711 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in circulating hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, induce alterations in synaptic input organization and electrophysiological properties of neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. To assess whether changes in circulating glucocorticoids also alter synaptic arrangement and membrane potential properties, we studied the effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) and corticosterone replacement in mice on the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. ADX reduced the number of symmetric, putative inhibitory synapses onto POMC neurons and the number of asymmetric, putative excitatory synapses onto NPY/AgRP neurons. Corticosterone replacement in ADX mice to levels similar to sham-operated animals restored the number of synapses onto POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons to that seen in sham-operated controls. The alterations in the synaptic arrangement in ADX mice were not due to their decrease in food intake as evidenced by the synaptic analysis of the pair-fed control animals. In line with the altered synaptic input organization, a depolarization of POMC membrane potential and a hyperpolarization of NPY/AgRP membrane potential were observed in ADX mice compared with their sham-operated controls. All of these changes reverted upon corticosterone replacement. These results reveal that the known orexigenic action of corticosteroids is mediated, at least in part, by synaptic changes and altered excitability of the melanocortin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-208063, USA
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Korosi A, Shanabrough M, McClelland S, Liu ZW, Borok E, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Baram TZ. Early-life experience reduces excitation to stress-responsive hypothalamic neurons and reprograms the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone. J Neurosci 2010. [PMID: 20071535 DOI: 10.1532/jneurosci.4214-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sensory input from maternal care attenuates neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress long term and results in a lifelong phenotype of resilience to depression and improved cognitive function. Whereas the mechanisms of this clinically important effect remain unclear, the early, persistent suppression of the expression of the stress neurohormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in hypothalamic neurons has been implicated as a key aspect of this experience-induced neuroplasticity. Here, we tested whether the innervation of hypothalamic CRH neurons of rat pups that received augmented maternal care was altered in a manner that might promote the suppression of CRH expression and studied the cellular mechanisms underlying this suppression. We found that the number of excitatory synapses and the frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents onto CRH neurons were reduced in "care-augmented" rats compared with controls, as were the levels of the glutamate vesicular transporter vGlut2. In contrast, analogous parameters of inhibitory synapses were unchanged. Levels of the transcriptional repressor neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), which negatively regulates Crh gene transcription, were markedly elevated in care-augmented rats, and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that this repressor was bound to a cognate element (neuron-restrictive silencing element) on the Crh gene. Whereas the reduced excitatory innervation of CRH-expressing neurons dissipated by adulthood, increased NRSF levels and repression of CRH expression persisted, suggesting that augmented early-life experience reprograms Crh gene expression via mechanisms involving transcriptional repression by NRSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Korosi
- Anatomy/Neurobiology and Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Abstract
Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) has been implicated in many brain functions and behaviors essential to the survival of animals. The hypothalamus is one of the primary targets where MCH-containing nerve fibers and MCH receptors are extensively expressed and its actions in the brain are exerted. Since the identification of MCH receptors as orphan G protein coupled receptors, the cellular effects of MCH have been revealed in many non-neuronal expression systems (including Xenopus oocytes and cell lines), however, the mechanism by which MCH modulates the activity in the neuronal circuitry of the brain is still under investigation. This review summarizes our current knowledge of electrophysiological effects of MCH on neurons in the hypothalamus, particularly in the lateral hypothalamus. Generally, MCH exerts inhibitory effects on neurons in this structure and may serve as a homeostatic regulator in the lateral hypothalamic area. Given the contrast between the limited data on cellular functions of MCH in the hypothalamus versus a fast growing body of evidence on the vital role of MCH in animal behavior, further investigations of the former are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Wallingford N, Perroud B, Gao Q, Coppola A, Gyengesi E, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Diament A, Haus KA, Shariat-Madar Z, Mahdi F, Wardlaw SL, Schmaier AH, Warden CH, Diano S. Prolylcarboxypeptidase regulates food intake by inactivating alpha-MSH in rodents. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2291-303. [PMID: 19620781 DOI: 10.1172/jci37209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anorexigenic neuromodulator alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH; referred to here as alpha-MSH1-13) undergoes extensive posttranslational processing, and its in vivo activity is short lived due to rapid inactivation. The enzymatic control of alpha-MSH1-13 maturation and inactivation is incompletely understood. Here we have provided insight into alpha-MSH1-13 inactivation through the generation and analysis of a subcongenic mouse strain with reduced body fat compared with controls. Using positional cloning, we identified a maximum of 6 coding genes, including that encoding prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), in the donor region. Real-time PCR revealed a marked genotype effect on Prcp mRNA expression in brain tissue. Biochemical studies using recombinant PRCP demonstrated that PRCP removes the C-terminal amino acid of alpha-MSH1-13, producing alpha-MSH1-12, which is not neuroactive. We found that Prcp was expressed in the hypothalamus in neuronal populations that send efferents to areas where alpha-MSH1-13 is released from axon terminals. The inhibition of PRCP activity by small molecule protease inhibitors administered peripherally or centrally decreased food intake in both wild-type and obese mice. Furthermore, Prcp-null mice had elevated levels of alpha-MSH1-13 in the hypothalamus and were leaner and shorter than the wild-type controls on a regular chow diet; they were also resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Our results suggest that PRCP is an important component of melanocortin signaling and weight maintenance via control of active alpha-MSH1-13 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wallingford
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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47
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Andrews ZB, Liu ZW, Walllingford N, Erion DM, Borok E, Friedman JM, Tschöp MH, Shanabrough M, Cline G, Shulman GI, Coppola A, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Diano S. Erratum: UCP2 mediates ghrelin’s action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals. Nature 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Andrews ZB, Liu ZW, Walllingford N, Erion DM, Borok E, Friedman JM, Tschöp MH, Shanabrough M, Cline G, Shulman GI, Coppola A, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Diano S. UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals. Nature 2008; 454:846-51. [PMID: 18668043 DOI: 10.1038/nature07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut-derived hormone ghrelin exerts its effect on the brain by regulating neuronal activity. Ghrelin-induced feeding behaviour is controlled by arcuate nucleus neurons that co-express neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP neurons). However, the intracellular mechanisms triggered by ghrelin to alter NPY/AgRP neuronal activity are poorly understood. Here we show that ghrelin initiates robust changes in hypothalamic mitochondrial respiration in mice that are dependent on uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Activation of this mitochondrial mechanism is critical for ghrelin-induced mitochondrial proliferation and electric activation of NPY/AgRP neurons, for ghrelin-triggered synaptic plasticity of pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons, and for ghrelin-induced food intake. The UCP2-dependent action of ghrelin on NPY/AgRP neurons is driven by a hypothalamic fatty acid oxidation pathway involving AMPK, CPT1 and free radicals that are scavenged by UCP2. These results reveal a signalling modality connecting mitochondria-mediated effects of G-protein-coupled receptors on neuronal function and associated behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane B Andrews
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Wolff EF, Gao XB, Andrews ZB, Yao KV, Du H, Taylor HS. Human Endometrial Stem Cells Transplantation in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Biol Reprod 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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50
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Rao Y, Liu ZW, Borok E, Rabenstein RL, Shanabrough M, Lu M, Picciotto MR, Horvath TL, Gao XB. Prolonged wakefulness induces experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in mouse hypocretin/orexin neurons. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:4022-33. [PMID: 18060037 DOI: 10.1172/jci32829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a natural process that preserves energy, facilitates development, and restores the nervous system in higher animals. Sleep loss resulting from physiological and pathological conditions exerts tremendous pressure on neuronal circuitry responsible for sleep-wake regulation. It is not yet clear how acute and chronic sleep loss modify neuronal activities and lead to adaptive changes in animals. Here, we show that acute and chronic prolonged wakefulness in mice induced by modafinil treatment produced long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic synapses on hypocretin/orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, a well-established arousal/wake-promoting center. A similar potentiation of synaptic strength at glutamatergic synapses on hypocretin/orexin neurons was also seen when mice were sleep deprived for 4 hours by gentle handling. Blockade of dopamine D1 receptors attenuated prolonged wakefulness and synaptic plasticity in these neurons, suggesting that modafinil functions through activation of the dopamine system. Also, activation of the cAMP pathway was not able to further induce LTP at glutamatergic synapses in brain slices from mice treated with modafinil. These results indicate that synaptic plasticity due to prolonged wakefulness occurs in circuits responsible for arousal and may contribute to changes in the brain and body of animals experiencing sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Rao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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