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Van Cong P, Thi Trang V, Quynh Lien L, Xuan Hoan V, Minh Ngoc T, Thanh Tuan D, Thi Thu Hien D, Van Hieu N, Viet Duc N, Le Tuan Anh H. Withaperuvin O, a new withanolide from Physalis peruviana L. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38426481 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2323539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) has been used in tropical and subtropical countries of the world as medicinal and fruit trees. In this study, a new withanolide named withaperuvin O (1) and seven known ones, including physalolactone B-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), withanolide J (3), physapruin A (4), physaperuvin G (5), withaperuvin (6), withaperuvin C (7) and 28-hydroxywithaperuvin C (8), were isolated from the whole plants of P. peruviana. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The bioactivities of these compounds against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells and cytotoxicity against HepG2 were tested. Compound 3 showed strong anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 3.55 ± 0.12 µM (compared to positive control L-NMMA 7.72 ± 0.46 µM). Compounds 3 and 4 inhibited HepG2 cell line with the IC50 values of 2.01 ± 0.12 µM, 0.96 ± 0.05 µM, respectively (Ellipticine, 0.32 ± 0.02 µM). Our study indicated that compounds 3 and 4 could be new potential natural products for the development of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Van Cong
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Trang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Quynh Lien
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Xuan Hoan
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Ngoc
- Traditional Medicine Administration Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thanh Tuan
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thu Hien
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Van Hieu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Viet Duc
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Dutra LL, Borges RJ, Maltarollo VG, Mendes TAO, Bressan GC, Leite JPV. In silico evaluation of pharmacokinetics properties of withanolides and simulation of their biological activities against Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2616-2631. [PMID: 37166375 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The withanolides are naturally occurring steroidal lactones found mainly in plants of the Solanaceae family. The subtribe Withaninae includes species like Withania sominifera, which are a source of many bioactive withanolides. In this work, we selected and evaluate the ADMET-related properties of 91 withanolides found in species of the subtribe Withaninae computationally, to predict the relationship between their structures and their pharmacokinetic profiles. We also evaluated the interaction of these withanolides with known targets of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Withanolides presented favorable pharmacokinetic properties, like high gastrointestinal absorption, lipophilicity (logP ≤ 5), good distribution and excretion parameters, and a favorable toxicity profile. The specie Withania aristata stood out as an interesting source of the promising withanolides classified as 5-ene with 16-ene or 17-ene. These withanolides presented a favourable pharmacokinetic profile and were also highlighted as the best candidates for inhibition of AD-related targets. Our results also suggest that withanolides are likely to act as cholinesterase inhibitors by interacting with the catalytic pocket in an energy favorable and stable way.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana L Dutra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael J Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Maltarollo
- Pharmaceutical Products Department- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago A O Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Bressan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Paulo V Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Shinde S, Balasubramaniam AK, Mulay V, Saste G, Girme A, Hingorani L. Recent Advancements in Extraction Techniques of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) with Insights on Phytochemicals, Structural Significance, Pharmacology, and Current Trends in Food Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40982-41003. [PMID: 37970011 PMCID: PMC10633886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Ashwagandha, also known as Withania somnifera (WS), is an ayurvedic botanical plant with numerous applications in dietary supplements and traditional medicines worldwide. Due to the restorative qualities of its roots, WS has potent therapeutic value in traditional Indian (Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha) and modern medicine recognized as the "Indian ginseng". The presence of phytochemical bioactive compounds such as withanolides, withanosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds has an important role in the therapeutic and nutritional properties of WS. Thus, the choice of WS plant part and extraction solvents, with conventional and modern techniques, plays a role in establishing WS as a potential nutraceutical product. WS has recently made its way into food supplements and products, such as baked goods, juices, beverages, sweets, and dairy items. The review aims to cover the key perspectives about WS in terms of plant description, phytochemistry, structural significance, and earlier reported extraction methodologies along with the analytical and pharmacological landscape in the area. It also attempts to iterate the key limitations and further insights into extraction techniques and bioactive standardization with the regulatory framework. It presents a key to the future development of prospective applications in foods such as food supplements or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shinde
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand 388430, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Vallabh Mulay
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand 388430, Gujarat, India
| | - Ganesh Saste
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand 388430, Gujarat, India
| | - Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand 388430, Gujarat, India
| | - Lal Hingorani
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand 388430, Gujarat, India
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Alshehri SA, Wahab S, Almoyad MAA. In silico identification of potential protein kinase C alpha inhibitors from phytochemicals from IMPPAT database for anticancer therapeutics: a virtual screening approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37643015 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a critical signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Over the years, there has been a growing interest in targeting PKCα as a promising drug target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Targeting PKCα can, therefore, serve as a potential strategy to prevent cancer progression and enhance the efficacy of conventional anticancer therapies. We conducted a systematic search for promising compounds for their anticancer potential that target PKCα using natural compounds from the IMPPAT database. The initial compounds were screened through various tests, including analysis of their physical and chemical properties, PAINS filter, ADMET analysis, PASS analysis, and specific interaction analysis. We selected those that showed high binding affinity and specificity to PKCα from the screened compounds, and we further analyzed them using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and principal component analysis (PCA). Various systematic parameters from the MDS analyses suggested that the protein-ligand complexes were stabilized throughout the simulation trajectories of 100 nanoseconds (ns). Our findings indicated that compounds Nicandrenone and Withaphysalin D bind to PKCα with high stability and affinity, making them potential candidates for further research in cancer therapeutics innovation in clinical contexts.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Qu L, Gan C, Cheng X, Lin C, Wang Y, Wang L, Huang J, Wang J. Discovery of physalin biosynthesis and structure modification of physalins in Physalis alkekengi L. var. Franchetii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956083. [PMID: 36299788 PMCID: PMC9589361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physalins, active ingredients from the Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (P. alkekengi) plant, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Whereas the bioactivity of physalins have been confirmed, their biosynthetic pathways, and those of quite a few derivatives, remain unknown. In this paper, biosynthesis and structure modification-related genes of physalins were mined through transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. Firstly, we rapidly and conveniently analyzed physalins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS utilizing mass accuracy, diagnostic fragment ions, and common neutral losses. In all, 58 different physalin metabolites were isolated from P. alkekengi calyxes and berries. In an analysis of the physalin biosynthesis pathway, we determined that withanolides and withaphysalins may represent a crucial intermediate between lanosterol and physalins. and those steps were decanted according to previous reports. Our results provide valuable information on the physalin metabolites and the candidate enzymes involved in the physalins biosynthesis pathways of P. alkekengi. In addition, we further analyzed differential metabolites collected from calyxes in the Jilin (Daodi of P. alkekengi) and others. Among them, 20 physalin metabolites may represent herb quality biomarkers for Daodi P. alkekengi, providing an essential role in directing the quality control index of P. alkekengi.
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Wu JP, Li LY, Li JR, Yu M, Zhao J, Xu QM, Gu YC, Zhang T, Zou ZM. Silencing Tautomerization to Isolate Unstable Physalins from Physalis minima. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1522-1539. [PMID: 35608269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inherent structural instability of some physalins has hampered the isolation and identification of these compounds for approximately 50 years, and an effective method to overcome these challenges remains unavailable. In the present study, the unprecedented tautomerization mechanism of unstable physalins was elucidated by performing isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations, which led to the successful separation of tautomers and isolation of highly pure products for the first time. As a result, 15 new physalins, physaminins A-O (1-15), as well as 17 known analogues (16-32), were isolated from the whole plants of Physalis minima L. The chemical structures of the new compounds were established by performing a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by using computational ECD calculations and/or single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. All obtained isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against four human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901) and two noncancerous cell lines (RAW 264.7 and human normal hepatocytes L02), as well as their anti-inflammatory activities by measuring their abilities to inhibit NO production in LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 1-5, 13, 16, 18, 19, 23, and 30 exerted significant antiproliferative effects on the four human cancer lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.2(0) to 24.7(2) μM, and these compounds were not toxic to the two noncancerous cell lines at a concentration of 10 μM. Moreover, compounds 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22, and 27 significantly inhibited NO production, with IC50 values ranging from 2.9(1) to 9.5(2) μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Rong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi38677, United States
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, BerkshireRE42 6EY, U.K
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Srivastava A, Siddiqui S, Ahmad R, Mehrotra S, Ahmad B, Srivastava AN. Exploring nature's bounty: identification of Withania somnifera as a promising source of therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by virtual screening and in silico evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:1858-1908. [PMID: 33246398 PMCID: PMC7755033 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1835725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are etiological agents of extreme human and animal infection resulting in abnormalities primarily in the respiratory tract. Presently, there is no defined COVID-19 intervention and clinical trials of prospective therapeutic agents are still in the nascent stage. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS), is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiviral potential of selected WS phytoconstituents against the novel SARS-CoV-2 target proteins and human ACE2 receptor using in silico methods. Most of the phytoconstituents displayed good absorption and transport kinetics and were also found to display no associated mutagenic or adverse effect(s). Molecular docking analyses revealed that most of the WS phytoconstituents exhibited potent binding to human ACE2 receptor, SAR-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins as well as the two main SARS-CoV-2 proteases. Most of the phytoconstituents were predicted to undergo Phase-I metabolism prior to excretion. All phytoconstituents had favorable bioactivity scores with respect to various receptor proteins and target enzymes. SAR analysis revealed that the number of oxygen atoms in the withanolide backbone and structural rearrangements were crucial for effective binding. Molecular simulation analyses of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and papain-like protease with Withanolides A and B, respectively, displayed a stability profile at 300 K and constant RMSDs of protein side chains and Cα atoms throughout the simulation run time. In a nutshell, WS phytoconstituents warrant further investigations in vitro and in vivo to unravel their molecular mechanism(s) and modes of action for their future development as novel antiviral agents against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Sudhir Mehrotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Research Cell, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - A. N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Almeida AA, Cota BB, Rodrigues LM, Dutra LL, Kohlhoff M, Bressan GC, Brandão GC, Leite JPV. Withalutin, a new cytotoxic withanolide from Athenaea velutina (Sendtn.) D’Arcy. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6304-6311. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2039135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Betania B. Cota
- Instituto Rene-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís M. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Luana L. Dutra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Instituto Rene-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C. Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Geraldo C. Brandão
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - João P. V. Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Production and Structural Diversification of Withanolides by Aeroponic Cultivation of Plants of Solanaceae: Cytotoxic and Other Withanolides from Aeroponically Grown Physalis coztomatl. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030909. [PMID: 35164184 PMCID: PMC8838488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Withanolides constitute one of the most interesting classes of natural products due to their diversity of structures and biological activities. Our recent studies on withanolides obtained from plants of Solanaceae including Withania somnifera and a number of Physalis species grown under environmentally controlled aeroponic conditions suggested that this technique is a convenient, reproducible, and superior method for their production and structural diversification. Investigation of aeroponically grown Physalis coztomatl afforded 29 withanolides compared to a total of 13 obtained previously from the wild-crafted plant and included 12 new withanolides, physacoztolides I−M (9–13), 15α-acetoxy-28-hydroxyphysachenolide C (14), 28-oxophysachenolide C (15), and 28-hydroxyphysachenolide C (16), 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysachenolide D (17), 15α-acetoxy-5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysachenolide D (18), 28-hydroxy-5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysachenolide D (19), physachenolide A-5-methyl ether (20), and 17 known withanolides 3–5, 8, and 21–33. The structures of 9–20 were elucidated by the analysis of their spectroscopic data and the known withanolides 3–5, 8, and 21–33 were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Evaluation against a panel of prostate cancer (LNCaP, VCaP, DU-145, and PC-3) and renal carcinoma (ACHN) cell lines, and normal human foreskin fibroblast (WI-38) cells revealed that 8, 13, 15, and 17–19 had potent and selective activity for prostate cancer cell lines. Facile conversion of the 5,6-chlorohydrin 17 to its 5,6-epoxide 8 in cell culture medium used for the bioassay suggested that the cytotoxic activities observed for 17–19 may be due to in situ formation of their corresponding 5β,6β-epoxides, 8, 27, and 28.
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Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Antitumor Profile of Carbon-Bridged Steroids (CBS) and Triterpenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:324. [PMID: 34205074 PMCID: PMC8228860 DOI: 10.3390/md19060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the rare group of carbon-bridged steroids (CBS) and triterpenoids found in various natural sources such as green, yellow-green, and red algae, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. In addition, this group of rare lipids is found in amoebas, fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. For convenience, the presented CBS and triterpenoids are divided into four groups, which include: (a) CBS and triterpenoids containing a cyclopropane group; (b) CBS and triterpenoids with cyclopropane ring in the side chain; (c) CBS and triterpenoids containing a cyclobutane group; (d) CBS and triterpenoids containing cyclopentane, cyclohexane or cycloheptane moieties. For the comparative characterization of the antitumor profile, we have added several semi- and synthetic CBS and triterpenoids, with various additional rings, to identify possible promising sources for pharmacologists and the pharmaceutical industry. About 300 CBS and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities, but the most pronounced antitumor profile. The review summarizes biological activities both determined experimentally and estimated using the well-known PASS software. According to the data obtained, two-thirds of CBS and triterpenoids show moderate activity levels with a confidence level of 70 to 90%; however, one third of these lipids demonstrate strong antitumor activity with a confidence level exceeding 90%. Several CBS and triterpenoids, from different lipid groups, demonstrate selective action on different types of tumor cells such as renal cancer, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, liver cancer, and genitourinary cancer with varying degrees of confidence. In addition, the review presents graphical images of the antitumor profile of both individual CBS and triterpenoids groups and individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
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Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040920. [PMID: 33671665 PMCID: PMC7926778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural products have continued to play an important role in new drug discovery with a considerable number of marketed drugs being derived from naturally occurring compounds, particularly in the area of cancer. Taccalonolides are a new class of microtube-stabilizing agents isolated from plants of the genus Tacca demonstrating effectiveness against drug-resistant tumors in cellular and animal models. This review article highlights the discovery history of taccalonolides and their microtubule-stabilizing activities, which summarizes the naturally derived and semi-synthesized structures that have been reported so far and the advances on the mechanism of action of taccalonolides. Abstract Microtubule stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel have been among the most used chemotherapeutic agents in the last decades for the treatment of a wide range of cancers in the clinic. One of the concerns that limit their use in clinical practice is their intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, which is common to most anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Taccalonolides are a new class of microtubule stabilizers isolated from the roots of a few species in the genus of Tacca. In early studies, taccalonolides demonstrated different effects on interphase and mitotic microtubules from those of paclitaxel and laulimalide suggesting a unique mechanism of action. This prompts the exploration of new taccalonolides with various functionalities through the identification of minor constituents of natural origin and semi-synthesis. The experiments on the new highly potent taccalonolides indicated that taccalonolides possessed a unique mechanism of covalently binding to the microtubule. An X-ray diffraction analysis of a crystal of taccalonolides AJ binding to tubulin indicated that the covalent binding site is at β-tubulin D226. Taccalonolides circumvent all three mechanisms of taxane drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the activity, the structure modification through semi-synthesis was conducted and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) was analyzed based on natural and semi-synthetical taccalonolides. The C22–C23 epoxide can significantly increase the antiproliferation potency of taccalonolides due to the covalent link of C22 and the carboxylic group of D226. Great progress has been seen in the last few years in the understanding of the mechanism of this class of microtube-stabilizing agents. This review summarizes the structure diversity, structure-activity relationships (SARs), mechanism of action, and in vivo activities of taccalonolides.
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Araki Y, Nakazaki A, Nishikawa T. Biomimetic Synthesis of the CDE Ring Moiety of Physalins, Complex 13,14-Secosteroids. Org Lett 2021; 23:989-994. [PMID: 33444499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Physalins are a structurally complex family of 13,14-secosteroids isolated from the genus Physalis. We disclose a two-step construction of the CDE ring moiety of the physalins from a steroidal compound bearing 14-OH, 18-COOMe, and 17, 20-α-epoxide based on our biosynthetic proposal. C13-C14 bond cleavage by an alkoxy radical at C-14 and spontaneous epoxide ring opening gave a compound having a cyclononene and γ-lactone. Diastereoselective dihydroxylation of the resulting alkene with OsO4 provided the CDE ring moiety of physalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Araki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Gutiérrez Nicolás F, Casero CN, Pacciaroni ADV, Leiva González S, Barboza GE, Nicotra VE. Withanolides from the genus Exodeconus (Solanaceae). Chemotaxonomical considerations. Steroids 2020; 162:108700. [PMID: 32712169 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five Exodeconus species were phytochemically analyzed. From the aerial parts of E. pusillus, the 7α,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-22R-witha-2,5,24-trienolide and three other previously unreported normal-type withanolides were isolated. All the studied species had normal type and/or ring-D aromatic withanolides, and some had already been isolated from other Solanaceae genera, and therefore, these compounds are not chemotaxonomic markers at the generic level. The chemical composition of an undescribed Exodeconus species analyzed here supports the designation of this taxon as a new entity. The integral chemical profile of Exodeconus can be evaluated for its taxonomic implication when a more robust phylogeny of Solanaceae is available that allows the phylogenetic relationships with its closest genera to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Gutiérrez Nicolás
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina N Casero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Del Valle Pacciaroni
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Gloria E Barboza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Nicotra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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14
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Castro SJ, Casero CN, Padrón JM, Nicotra VE. Selective Antiproliferative Withanolides from Species in the Genera Eriolarynx and Deprea. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1338-1344. [PMID: 31070367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four new withanolides (2-5), together with 4β,7β,20-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,5,24-trienolide (1), were isolated from the aerial parts of Eriolarynx iochromoides. The antiproliferative activity of all compounds purified from E. iochromoides together with four withaphysalins and four physangulidines isolated previously from three Deprea species were evaluated against human solid tumor cell lines. Four withanolides showed antiproliferative activity comparable in potency to cisplatin. Selectivity toward cancer cells and interaction with P-glycoprotein of the active withanolides were evaluated.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry
- Solanaceae/chemistry
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Withanolides/isolation & purification
- Withanolides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián J Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495 , 5000 Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Carina N Casero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495 , 5000 Córdoba , Argentina
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN) , Universidad de La Laguna , C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Spain
| | - Viviana E Nicotra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495 , 5000 Córdoba , Argentina
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15
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Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are important sources of clinical drugs due to their structural diversity and biological prevalidation. However, the structural complexity of NPs leads to synthetic difficulties, unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and poor drug-likeness. Structural simplification by truncating unnecessary substructures is a powerful strategy for overcoming these limitations and improving the efficiency and success rate of NP-based drug development. Herein, we will provide a comprehensive review of the structural simplification of NPs with a focus on design strategies, case studies, and new technologies. In particular, a number of successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug candidates will be discussed in detail to illustrate how structural simplification is applied in lead optimization of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle West Road , Xi'an , 710032 , P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China
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16
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Wang SB, Zhu DR, Nie B, Li J, Zhang YJ, Kong LY, Luo JG. Cytotoxic withanolides from the aerial parts of Tubocapsicum anomalum. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Leishmanicidal Activity of Withanolides from Aureliana Fasciculata var. Fasciculata. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123160. [PMID: 30513673 PMCID: PMC6320798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is the generic denomination to the neglected diseases caused by more than 20 species of protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The toxic and parenteral-delivered pentavalent antimonials remain to be the first-line treatment. However, all the current used drugs have restrictions. The species Aureliana fasciculata (Vell.) Sendtner var. fasciculata is a native Brazilian species parsimoniously studied on a chemical point of view. In this study, the antileishmanial activity of A. fasciculata was evaluated. Among the evaluated samples of the leaves, the dichloromethane partition (AFfDi) showed the more pronounced activity, with IC50 1.85 µg/ml against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. From AFfDi, two active withanolides were isolated, the Aurelianolides A and B, with IC50 7.61 μM and 7.94 μM, respectively. The withanolides also proved to be active against the clinically important form, the intracellular amastigote, with IC50 2.25 μM and 6.43 μM for Aurelianolides A and B, respectively. Furthermore, withanolides showed results for in silico parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) similar to miltefosine, the reference drug, and were predicted as good oral drugs, with the advantage of not being hepatotoxic. These results suggest that these compounds can be useful as scaffolds for planning drug design.
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18
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Knoch E, Sugawara S, Mori T, Poulsen C, Fukushima A, Harholt J, Fujimoto Y, Umemoto N, Saito K. Third DWF1 paralog in Solanaceae, sterol Δ 24-isomerase, branches withanolide biosynthesis from the general phytosterol pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8096-E8103. [PMID: 30082386 PMCID: PMC6112714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807482115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large part of chemodiversity of plant triterpenes is due to the modification of their side chains. Reduction or isomerization of double bonds in the side chains is often an important step for the diversification of triterpenes, although the enzymes involved are not fully understood. Withanolides are a large group of structurally diverse C28 steroidal lactones derived from 24-methylenecholesterol. These compounds are found in the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, and other members of the Solanaceae. The pathway for withanolide biosynthesis is unknown, preventing sustainable production via white biotechnology and downstream pharmaceutical usages. In the present study, based on genome and transcriptome data we have identified a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of withanolides: a DWF1 paralog encoding a sterol Δ24-isomerase (24ISO). 24ISO originated from DWF1 after two subsequent duplication events in Solanoideae plants. Withanolides and 24ISO appear only in the medicinal plants in the Solanoideae, not in crop plants such as potato and tomato, indicating negative selection during domestication. 24ISO is a unique isomerase enzyme evolved from a reductase and as such has maintained the FAD-binding oxidoreductase structure and requirement for NADPH. Using phylogenetic, metabolomic, and gene expression analysis in combination with heterologous expression and virus-induced gene silencing, we showed that 24ISO catalyzes the conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to 24-methyldesmosterol. We propose that this catalytic step is the committing step in withanolide biosynthesis, opening up elucidation of the whole pathway and future larger-scale sustainable production of withanolides and related compounds with pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knoch
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Sugawara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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19
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Dembitsky VM, Savidov N, Poroikov VV, Gloriozova TA, Imbs AB. Naturally occurring aromatic steroids and their biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4663-4674. [PMID: 29680899 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present review describes the distribution and biological activities of natural mono-, di-, and triaromatic steroids. It is shown that the producers of aromatic steroids are microorganisms, fungi, and marine invertebrates, and also they were found in plants, animals, marine sediments, and karst deposits. Eighty biologically active aromatic steroids likely have an anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection activity with a confidence of 78 to 92%. The structures and predicted biological activities of aromatic steroids are available. This review emphasizes the role of aromatic steroids as an important source and potential leads for drug discovery and they are of great interest to chemists, physicians, biologists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 1L6, Canada. .,Biochemistry Lab, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690041.
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 1L6, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew B Imbs
- Biochemistry Lab, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690041
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20
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Oppenheim SJ, Gould F, Hopper KR. The genetic architecture of ecological adaptation: intraspecific variation in host plant use by the lepidopteran crop pest Chloridea virescens. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 120:234-250. [PMID: 29238078 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in ecologically important traits is a cornerstone of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The evolution and maintenance of this variation depends on genetic architecture, which in turn determines responses to natural selection. Some models suggest that traits with complex architectures are less likely to respond to selection than those with simple architectures, yet rapid divergence has been observed in such traits. The simultaneous evolutionary lability and genetic complexity of host plant use in the Lepidopteran subfamily Heliothinae suggest that architecture may not constrain ecological adaptation in this group. Here we investigate the response of Chloridea virescens, a generalist that feeds on diverse plant species, to selection for performance on a novel host, Physalis angulata (Solanaceae). P. angulata is the preferred host of Chloridea subflexa, a narrow specialist on the genus Physalis. In previous experiments, we found that the performance of C. subflexa on P. angulata depends on many loci of small effect distributed throughout the genome, but whether the same architecture would be involved in the generalist's adoption of P. angulata was unknown. Here we report a rapid response to selection in C. virescens for performance on P. angulata, and establish that the genetic architecture of intraspecific variation is quite similar to that of the interspecific differences in terms of the number, distribution, and effect sizes of the QTL involved. We discuss the impact of genetic architecture on the ability of Heliothine moths to respond to varying ecological selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Oppenheim
- The Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Fred Gould
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith R Hopper
- USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insect Introductions Research Unit, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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21
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Physalins V-IX, 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco withanolides from Physalis angulata and their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642618 PMCID: PMC5481415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new physalins, including a novel 1,10-seco one, physalin V (1), a tricarboxylic acid cycle one, physalin VIII (5), a rare 11,15-cyclo one, physalin IX (6), and two new ones, physalins VI (2) and VII (4) were isolated from stems and leaves of Physalis angulata together with eleven known analogues (3 and 7–16). Their structures were established by MS, IR, UV, and NMR spectroscopic analysis, together with the X-ray diffraction analysis of neophysalin, physalin P (12), and the structure of physalin D1 (3) has been revised here. These isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against human cancer cells (C4-2B, 22Rv1, 786-O, A-498, ACHN, and A375-S2) and inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Compounds 9 and 10 showed antiproliferative activities against all tested human cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.24–3.17 μM. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 13, 14, and 16 exhibited inhibitory activities against NO production. The IC50 values of compounds 9, 10, 13, and 16 were between 0.32 and 4.03 μM, while compounds 1, 3, 4, and 14 had IC50 values of 12.83–34.19 μM. Herein, plausible biosynthetic pathways for rare structures 1 and 6 and structure−activity relationships on the inhibition of NO production for all isolated compounds are discussed.
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22
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Natural Withanolides in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:329-373. [PMID: 27671823 PMCID: PMC7121644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides, and in particular extracts from Withania somnifera, have been used for over 3,000 years in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani Indian medical systems as well as within several other Asian countries. Traditionally, the extracts were ascribed a wide range of pharmacologic properties with corresponding medical uses, including adaptogenic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative/anxiolytic, cytotoxic, antitussive, and immunomodulatory. Since the discovery of the archetype withaferin A in 1965, approximately 900 of these naturally occurring, polyoxygenated steroidal lactones with 28-carbon ergostane skeletons have been discovered across 24 diverse structural types. Subsequently, extensive pharmacologic research has identified multiple mechanisms of action across key inflammatory pathways. In this chapter we identify and describe the major withanolides with anti-inflammatory properties, illustrate their role within essential and supportive inflammatory pathways (including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, AP-1, PPARγ, Hsp90 Nrf2, and HIF-1), and then discuss the clinical application of these withanolides in inflammation-mediated chronic diseases (including arthritis, autoimmune, cancer, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral). These naturally derived compounds exhibit remarkable biologic activity across these complex disease processes, while showing minimal adverse effects. As novel compounds and analogs continue to be discovered, characterized, and clinically evaluated, the interest in withanolides as a novel therapeutic only continues to grow.
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23
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Tahara T, Streit U, Pelish HE, Shair MD. STAT3 Inhibitory Activity of Structurally Simplified Withaferin A Analogues. Org Lett 2017; 19:1538-1541. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ursula Streit
- Department of Chemistry
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Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Henry E. Pelish
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shair
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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24
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Saeed S, Ali H, Khan T, Kayani W, Khan MA. Impacts of methyl jasmonate and phenyl acetic acid on biomass accumulation and antioxidant potential in adventitious roots of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth., a high valued endangered medicinal plant. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:229-237. [PMID: 28250598 PMCID: PMC5313410 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ajuga bracteosa is a medicinally important plant globally used in the folk medicine against many serious ailments. In the present study, effects of two significant elicitors, methyl jasmonate (Me-J) and phenyl acetic acid (PAA) were studied on growth parameters, secondary metabolites production, and antioxidant potential in adventitious root suspension cultures of A. bracteosa. The results showed a substantial increase in biomass accumulation, exhibiting longer log phases of cultures growth in response to elicitor treatments, in comparison to control. Maximum dry biomass formation (8.88 DW g/L) was recorded on 32nd day in log phase of culture when 0.6 mg/L Me-J was applied; however, PAA at 1.2 mg/L produced maximum biomass (8.24 DW g/L) on day 40 of culture. Furthermore, we observed the elicitors-induced enhancement in phenolic content (total phenolic content), flavonoid content (total flavonoid content) and antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging activity) in root suspension cultures of A. bracteosa. Application of 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L of Me-J, root cultures accumulated higher TPC levels (3.6 mg GAE/g DW) and (3.7 mg GAE/g DW) in the log phase and stationary phase, respectively, while 2.5 mg/L Me-J produced lower levels (1.4 mg GAE/g DW) in stationary phase of growth stages. Moreover, TFC and FRSA values were found in correspondence to TPC values in the respective growth phases at the similar elicitor treatment. Thus, a feasible protocol for establishment of adventitious roots in A. bracteosa was developed and enhancement in biomass and metabolite content in adventitious root was promoted through elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Saeed
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, KP Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Kayani
- Department of Botany, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23200 KP Pakistan
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25
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Barthel A, Vogel H, Pauchet Y, Pauls G, Kunert G, Groot AT, Boland W, Heckel DG, Heidel-Fischer HM. Immune modulation enables a specialist insect to benefit from antibacterial withanolides in its host plant. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12530. [PMID: 27561781 PMCID: PMC5007441 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel plant chemical defenses and counter adaptations by herbivorous insect could continually drive speciation, producing more insect specialists than generalists. One approach to test this hypothesis is to compare closely related generalist and specialist species to reveal the associated costs and benefits of these different adaptive strategies. We use the specialized moth Heliothis subflexa, which feeds exclusively on plants in the genus Physalis, and its close generalist relative H. virescens. Specialization on Physalis plants necessitates the ability to tolerate withanolides, the secondary metabolites of Physalis species that are known to have feeding deterrent and immune inhibiting properties for other insects. Here we find that only H. subflexa benefits from the antibacterial properties of withanolides, and thereby gains a higher tolerance of the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. We argue that the specialization in H. subflexa has been guided to a large extent by a unique role of plant chemistry on ecological immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barthel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Pauls
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid T. Groot
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - David G. Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanna M. Heidel-Fischer
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Street 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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26
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Basso AV, Nicotra VE, Parra A, Martínez A, Fernández-Vivas A. Biotransformation of Salpichrolides A, C, and G by Three Filamentous Fungi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1658-67. [PMID: 27285201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of salpichrolide A (1) with Rhizomucor miehei produced hydroxylation in rings B and C (C-7 and C-12) and led to C-5-C-6 epoxide opening, while incubation of salpichrolides C (2) and G (3) with R. miehei led to epoxide opening at the C-24-C-25 and C-5-C-6 positions, respectively. Biotransformation of salpichrolide A (1) with Cunninghamella elegans produced stereoselective hydroxylated, oxidized, and reduced derivatives in different positions of the A, B, and C rings and C-5-C-6 epoxide opening. In addition, selective epoxide opening at the C-5-C-6 or C-24-C-25 positions was obtained from the incubation of salpichrolide A (1) with Curvularia lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Basso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Nicotra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Sun CP, Qiu CY, Yuan T, Nie XF, Sun HX, Zhang Q, Li HX, Ding LQ, Zhao F, Chen LX, Qiu F. Antiproliferative and Anti-inflammatory Withanolides from Physalis angulata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1586-97. [PMID: 27295506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new withanolides, physangulatins A-N (1-14) and withaphysalins Y and Z (15 and 16), as well as 12 known analogues, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Physalis angulata L. Their structures were established using extensive spectroscopic data analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 9 were assigned via X-ray crystallography. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiproliferative effects against human prostate cancer cells (C4-2B and 22Rvl), human renal carcinoma cells (786-O, A-498, and ACHN), and human melanoma cells (A375-S2), as well as inhibitory effects on NO production induced by LPS in macrophages. Compounds 9, 17, 20, 21, 25, and 27 showed antiproliferative effects against all tested cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.18-7.43 μM. Compounds 3-5, 9-11, 17, 20-22, 24, 25, and 27 displayed inhibitory effects against NO production, with IC50 values of 1.36-11.59 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Yue Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fang Nie
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
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28
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Maher S, Rasool S, Mehmood R, Perveen S, Tareen RB. Eburneolins A and B, new withanolide glucosides from Tricholepis eburnea. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2413-20. [PMID: 27320104 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1195377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eburneolins A (1) and B (2), new withanolide glucosides, have been isolated from the n-butanolic fraction of the 75% methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis eburnea. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis including ESI-MS, 2D NMR and acid hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Maher
- a International center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Rasool
- a International center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Rashad Mehmood
- b Department of Chemistry , Hazara University , Mansehra , Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- c Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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29
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Chen LX, Xia GY, He H, Huang J, Qiu F, Zi XL. New withanolides with TRAIL-sensitizing effect from Physalis pubescens L. RSC Adv 2016; 6:52925-52936. [PMID: 27822364 PMCID: PMC5095689 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalis pubescens L. plant produces nutritious and healthy fruits, called husk tomato or hairy ground cherry. However, its bioactive components are largely unknown. Four new withanolide steroids (1-4) together with one known withanolide (5) were isolated from the extract of P. pubescens L. and their chemical structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1, 3 and 5 showed potent growth inhibitory effects against four human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (i.e. 786-O, A-498, Caki-2 and ACHN). Among them, compound 1 was the most potent one with IC50s ranged from 0.30 to 0.77 μM. Further experiment showed that 1 sensitized human RCC cells 786-O to the tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis and increased the expression of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor-5 (DR5), leading to activation of the DR5 and caspase-8/3 mediated apoptosis pathway. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 1 could bind stably to the TRAIL/DR5 complex through hydrogen bonds. These results suggest that the new withanolide (1) is a lead anti-cancer compound existing in P. pubescens L. and deserves further investigation for RCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional
Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &
Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
110016, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
92868, USA
| | - Gui-Yang Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional
Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &
Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of
Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
300193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi’ an Medical
University, Xi’ an 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional
Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &
Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional
Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design &
Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang
110016, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of
Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
300193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
92868, USA
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30
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Xu YM, Bunting DP, Liu MX, Bandaranayake HA, Gunatilaka AAL. 17β-Hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides from Aeroponically Grown Physalis crassifolia and Their Potent and Selective Cytotoxicity for Prostate Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:821-830. [PMID: 27071003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated under aeroponic growth conditions, Physalis crassifolia produced 11 new withanolides (1-11) and seven known withanolides (12-18) including those obtained from the wild-crafted plant. The structures of the new withanolides were elucidated by the application of spectroscopic techniques, and the known withanolides were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Withanolides 1-11 and 16 were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity using five tumor cell lines. Of these, the 17β-hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides 1, 2, 6, 7, and 16 showed potent antiproliferative activity, with some having selectivity for prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP and PC-3M) compared to the breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small-cell lung cancer (NCI-H460), and CNS glioma (SF-268) cell lines used. The cytotoxicity data obtained for 12-15, 17, and 19 have provided additional structure-activity relationship information for the 17β-hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Daniel P Bunting
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Manping X Liu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Hema A Bandaranayake
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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31
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Dhar N, Razdan S, Rana S, Bhat WW, Vishwakarma R, Lattoo SK. A Decade of Molecular Understanding of Withanolide Biosynthesis and In vitro Studies in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Prospects and Perspectives for Pathway Engineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1031. [PMID: 26640469 PMCID: PMC4661287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera, a multipurpose medicinal plant is a rich reservoir of pharmaceutically active triterpenoids that are steroidal lactones known as withanolides. Though the plant has been well-characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, limited attempts have been made to decipher the biosynthetic route and identification of key regulatory genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis. This scenario limits biotechnological interventions for enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, recent emergent trends vis-à-vis, the exploration of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, and in vitro studies have opened new vistas regarding pathway engineering of withanolide production. During recent years, various strategic pathway genes have been characterized with significant amount of regulatory studies which allude toward development of molecular circuitries for production of key intermediates or end products in heterologous hosts. Another pivotal aspect covering redirection of metabolic flux for channelizing the precursor pool toward enhanced withanolide production has also been attained by deciphering decisive branch point(s) as robust targets for pathway modulation. With these perspectives, the current review provides a detailed overview of various studies undertaken by the authors and collated literature related to molecular and in vitro approaches employed in W. somnifera for understanding various molecular network interactions in entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niha Dhar
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sumeer Razdan
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Satiander Rana
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Wajid W Bhat
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
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32
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Deanna R, González SL, Barboza GE. Changes in the circumscription of Deprea (Physalideae, Solanaceae): thirty two new combinations. PHYTOKEYS 2015; 46:73-87. [PMID: 25878551 PMCID: PMC4391959 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.46.9069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest phylogenetic and cytogenetic results, Larnax and Deprea should be merged in order to form a natural group. Consequently, we propose 32 combinations of Larnax species names under Deprea: Depreaabra-patriciae (S.Leiva & Barboza) S.Leiva & Deanna, comb. nov., Depreaaltomayoensis (S.Leiva & Quip.) Barboza & Deanna, comb. nov., Depreaandersonii (N.W.Sawyer) Deanna & S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreabongaraensis (S.Leiva) Deanna & Barboza, comb. nov., Depreachotanae (S.Leiva, Pereyra & Barboza) S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreadarcyana (N.W.Sawyer) Barboza & S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreadilloniana (S.Leiva, Quip. & N.W.Sawyer) Barboza, comb. nov., Depreagrandiflora (N.W.Sawyer & S.Leiva) Deanna & Barboza, comb. nov., Depreaharlingiana (Hunz. & Barboza) S.Leiva & Deanna, comb nov., Depreahawkesii (Hunz.) Deanna, comb. nov., Depreakann-rasmussenii (S.Leiva & Quip.) S.Leiva & Barboza, comb. nov., Deprealongipedunculata (S.Leiva, E.Rodr. & J.Campos) Barboza, comb. nov., Deprealutea (S.Leiva) Deanna, comb. nov., Depreamacasiana (Deanna, S.Leiva & Barboza) Barboza, comb. nov., Depreamaculatifolia (E.Rodr. & S.Leiva) S. Leiva, comb. nov., Depreanieva (S.Leiva & N.W.Sawyer) Barboza & Deanna, comb. nov., Depreaparviflora (N.W.Sawyer & S.Leiva) S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreapedrazae (S.Leiva & Barboza) Deanna & S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreaperuviana (Zahlbr.) S.Leiva & Barboza, comb. nov., Depreapilosa (S.Leiva, E.Rodr. & J.Campos) Deanna, comb. nov., Depreapomacochaensis (S.Leiva) Barboza, comb. nov., Depreapsilophyta (N.W.Sawyer) S.Leiva & Deanna, comb. nov., Depreapumila (S.Leiva, Barboza & Deanna) S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreapurpurea (S.Leiva) Barboza & S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreapurpureocarpa (S.Leiva, Deanna & Barboza) Deanna, comb. nov., Depreasachapapa (Hunz.) S.Leiva & Deanna, comb. nov., Depreasagasteguii (S.Leiva, Quip. & N. W.Sawyer) Barboza, comb. nov., Depreasawyeriana (S.Leiva, E.Rodr. & J.Campos) S.Leiva, comb. nov., Depreaschjellerupiae (S.Leiva & Quip.) Barboza & Deanna, comb. nov., Depreasteyermarkii (Hunz.) S.Leiva & Barboza, comb. nov., Depreatoledoana (Barboza & S.Leiva) Barboza, comb. nov., and Depreavasquezii (S.Leiva, E.Rodr. & J.Campos) Deanna, comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Deanna
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Segundo Leiva González
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego de Trujillo, CC 1075, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Gloria Estela Barboza
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
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33
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Gutiérrez Nicolás F, Reyes G, Audisio MC, Uriburu ML, Leiva González S, Barboza GE, Nicotra VE. Withanolides with antibacterial activity from Nicandra john-tyleriana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:250-257. [PMID: 25668440 DOI: 10.1021/np500824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new withanolides (1-11) were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of Nicandra john-tyleriana. Five of these withanolides have an unmodified skeleton (1-5), two are acnistins (6, 7), and four are withajardins (8-11). These new isolates were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic techniques (including multidimensional NMR) and mass spectrometry. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Listeria, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Gutiérrez Nicolás
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Zhang H, Cao CM, Gallagher RJ, Day VW, Kindscher K, Timmermann BN. Withanolides from Physalis coztomatl. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 109:147-153. [PMID: 25457493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Six withanolides (1-6), as well as two known withanolides (physachenolide D 7 and withanoside VI 8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis coztomatl (Solanaceae). Structural elucidations of 1-6 were achieved through 2D NMR and other spectroscopic techniques, while the structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In addition, the stereochemical orientation of the 17-hydroxy group in withanolides was discussed in relation to (13)C NMR shifts of C-12, 13, 14 and 16. Such analysis established that coagulansin A contains a 17α-hydroxy moiety rather than the reported 17β-hydroxy functionality, and has been revised accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Robert J Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Victor W Day
- The Small-Molecule X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kelly Kindscher
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Zhang H, Cao CM, Gallagher RJ, Timmermann BN. Antiproliferative withanolides from several solanaceous species. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1941-51. [PMID: 24871278 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.919286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, our work on solanaceous species (Datura wrightii, Jaborosa caulescens, Physalis hispida, Physalis longifolia, Vassobia breviflora and Withania somnifera) has resulted in the isolation of 65 withanolides, 31 of which were new, as well as the semi-synthesis of a further 30 withanolides. Structure identification and MTS assay-based antiproliferative evaluation of these 95 compounds revealed that a Δ(2)-1-oxo functionality in ring A, in conjunction with either a 5β,6β-epoxy or 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy moiety in ring B, is the minimum structural requirement for withanolides to produce potent cytotoxic activity. Such structure-activity relationship analysis also revealed that oxygenation (the -OH or -OR groups) at C-4, 7, 11 and 12, as well as C-14 to C-28, did not contribute towards the observed antiproliferative activity. Herein, we present a complete overview of our work as it relates to the withanolides reported from 1965 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA
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36
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Zhang H, Cao CM, Gallagher RJ, Day VW, Montenegro G, Timmermann BN. Withanolides from Jaborosa caulescens var. bipinnatifida. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 98:232-235. [PMID: 24314746 PMCID: PMC3947017 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides 2,3-dihydrotrechonolide A (1) and 2,3-dihydro-21-hydroxytrechonolide A (2) were isolated along with two known withanolides trechonolide A (3) and jaborosalactone 39 (4) from Jaborosa caulescens var. bipinnatifida (Solanaceae). The structures of 1-2 were elucidated through 2D NMR and other spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the structure of withanolide 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Robert J Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Victor W Day
- The Small-Molecule X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Gloria Montenegro
- Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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37
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Nicotra VE, Basso AV, Ramacciotti NS, Misico RI. Withanolides with phytotoxic activity from two species of the genus Salpichroa: S. origanifolia and S. tristis var. lehmannii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2219-2225. [PMID: 24303781 DOI: 10.1021/np400559p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Seven new withanolides, salpichrolides O-U (1-7), the known 2,3-dihydrosalpichrolide B (9), a substance not previously isolated from a natural source, and three known compounds, salpichrolide D (8), salpichrolide A (10), and salpichrolide C (11), were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of Salpichroa origanifolia and S. tristis var. lehmannii. Compounds 1-4 and 8 have an oxygenated D ring, while compounds 5-7 and 9-11 possess a six-membered aromatic D ring. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by analysis of their spectroscopic data including NMR and MS. Withanolides 1, 3, 8, 10, and 11 exhibited selective radicle growth inhibition toward Lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 150 and 400 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana E Nicotra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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38
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Zhang H, Motiwala H, Samadi A, Day V, Aubé J, Cohen M, Kindscher K, Gollapudi R, Timmermann B. Minor withanolides of Physalis longifolia: structure and cytotoxicity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 60:1234-9. [PMID: 23036966 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our recent publication on bioactive guided isolation of compounds from Physalis longifolia (Solanaceae) novel anti-proliferative agents withalongolides A (4) and B (5), and their highly cytotoxic analogues, withalongolide A 4,19,27-triacetate (4a) and withalongolide B 4,19-diacetate (5a) were elucidated. In this study, the two lead compounds (4, 5) were re-isolated in gram quantities for the purpose of further analogue preparation and in vivo testing that would continue to probe structure-activity relationships. During this process, two additional withanolides, named withalongolides O (1) and P (2), were elucidated. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques with 1 being subsequently confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Utilizing a MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] viability assay, withalongolide O (1) and its 4,7-diaceatate (1a), both containing the functionalities of Δ(2)-1-oxo- in A ring, a 5β,6β-epoxy in B ring, and a lactone ring in the nine-carbon side chain, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (JMAR and MDA-1986), melanoma (B16F10 and SKMEL-28), and normal fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells with IC(50) values in the range between 0.15 and 2.95 µM. In addition, the previously reported α orientation of 7-acetate group in acnistins C and D should be revised to the β orientation on the basis of NMR data comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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39
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García ME, Barboza GE, Oberti JC, Ríos-Luci C, Padrón JM, Nicotra VE, Estévez-Braun A, Ravelo AG. Antiproliferative activity of withanolide derivatives from Jaborosa cabrerae and Jaborosa reflexa. Chemotaxonomic considerations. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 76:150-157. [PMID: 22325549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three withanolides were isolated from the aerial parts of Jaborosa reflexa Phil. Jaborosa cabrerae Barboza yielded five sativolide withanolides (including jaborosalactones R, S, 38, and 39) and two trechonolide withanolides epimeric at C-23 (trechonolide A and jaborosalactone 32). In addition, five derivatives were obtained by chemical derivatization of jaborosalactone 38, and all compounds were fully characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of the major natural withanolides and the semisynthetic derivatives were examined against HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D, and WiDr human solid tumor cancer cell lines. Some chemotaxonomic considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela E García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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40
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Zhang H, Samadi AK, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. Anti-proliferative withanolides from the Solanaceae: a structure-activity study. PURE APPL CHEM 2012; 84:1353-1367. [PMID: 24098060 PMCID: PMC3789375 DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of our search for bioactive compounds from plant biodiversity, 29 withanolides (1, 3-6, 9, 12-18, and 20-35) were recently isolated from three members of the Solanaceae: Physalis longifolia, Vassobia breviflora, and Withania somnifera. Six derivatives (2, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 19) were prepared from these naturally occurring withanolides. All compounds (1-35) were evaluated for in vitro anti-proliferative activity against an array of cell lines [melanoma cell lines (B16F10, SKMEL28); human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) cell lines (JMAR, MDA1986, DR081-1); breast cancer cell line (Hs578T), and non-malignant human cell line (MRC5)]. This led to the discovery of 15 withanolides, with IC50 values in the range of 0.067-17.4 µM, including withaferin A 1, withaferin A 4,27-diacetate 2, 27-O-glucopyranosylwithaferin A 3, withalongolide H 4, withalongolide C 5, withalongolide A 6, withalongolide A 4,27-diacetate 7, withalongolide A 4,19,27-triacetate 8, withalongolide B 9, withalongolide B 4-acetate 10, withalongolide B 4,19-diacetate 11, withalongolide D 16, withalongolide E 17, withalongolide G 21, and 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A 3-O-sulfate 22). In order to update the growing literature on withanolides and their activities, we summarized the distribution, structural types and anti-proliferative activities for all published withanolides to date. The structure-activity relationship analysis (SARA) confirmed the importance of the presence of a Δ2-1-oxo- functionality in ring A, a 5β,6β-epoxy or 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy groupings in ring B, and nine carbon side chain with a lactone moiety for cytotoxic activity. Conversely, the SARA indicated that the -OH or -OR groups at C-4, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 were not contributors to the observed anti-proliferative activity within the systems analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Abbas K. Samadi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Barbara N. Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
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