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Suciu TS, Feștilă D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Nutu A, Armencea G, Aghiorghiesei AI, Vulcan T, Băciuț M. Circular RNA-Mediated Regulation of Oral Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation: Implications for Oral Medicine and Orthodontic Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:656-671. [PMID: 38279054 PMCID: PMC10984898 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which unlike linear RNAs, have a covalently closed continuous loop structure. circRNAs are found abundantly in human cells and their biology is complex. They feature unique expression to different types of cells, tissues, and developmental stages. To the present, the functional roles of circular RNAs are not fully understood. They reportedly act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, therefore having key regulatory functions in diverse physiological and pathological processes. As for dentistry field, lines of evidence indicate that circRNAs play vital roles in the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Abnormal expression of circRNAs have been found in other areas of pathology frequently reflected also in the oral environment, such as inflammation or bone and soft tissue loss. Therefore, circRNAs could be of significant importance in various fields in dentistry, especially in bone and soft tissue engineering and regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanisms occurring during the regulation of oral biological and tissue remodeling processes could augment the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that will improve orthodontic and other oral therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Sergiu Suciu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Feștilă
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400029, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Aghiorghiesei
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Talida Vulcan
- Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400029, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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2
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CircRNAs in Tumor Radioresistance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111586. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are derived from host genes that are present in several species and can be involved in the progression of various diseases. circRNAs’ leading role is to act as RNA sponges. In recent years, the other roles of circRNAs have been discovered, such as regulating transcription and translation, regulating host genes, and even being translated into proteins. As some tumor cells are no longer radiosensitive, tumor radioresistance has since become a challenge in treating tumors. In recent years, circRNAs are differentially expressed in tumor cells and can be used as biological markers of tumors. In addition, circRNAs can regulate the radiosensitivity of tumors. Here, we list the mechanisms of circRNAs in glioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer; further, these studies also provide new ideas for the purposes of eliminating radioresistance in tumors.
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Yao X, Zhang Q. Function and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Thyroid Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925389. [PMID: 35936780 PMCID: PMC9353217 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the leading cause and mortality of endocrine malignancies worldwide. Tumourigenesis involves multiple molecules including circular RNAs (circRNAs). circRNAs with covalently closed single-stranded structures have been identified as a type of regulatory RNA because of their high stability, abundance, and tissue/developmental stage-specific expression. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that various circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in thyroid tissues, cells, exosomes, and body fluids in patients with TC. CircRNAs have been identified as either oncogenic or tumour suppressor roles in regulating tumourigenesis, tumour metabolism, metastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoradiation resistance in TC. Importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on TC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, and translating functional peptides. Recent studies have suggested that many different circRNAs are associated with certain clinicopathological features, implying that the altered expression of circRNAs may be characteristic of TC. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances on the dysregulation, functions, molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications of circRNAs in TC. This review also aimes to improve our understanding of the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer, and to discuss the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in TC.
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4
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Wen C, Li B, Nie L, Mao L, Xia Y. Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicle-Delivered Circular RNAs in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:804247. [PMID: 35445015 PMCID: PMC9014218 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.804247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is universally defined as chronic vascular inflammation induced by dyslipidaemia, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and other risk factors. Extracellular vesicles as information transmitters regulate intracellular interactions and their important cargo circular RNAs are involved in the pathological process of AS. In this review, we summarize the current data to elucidate the emerging roles of extracellular vesicle-derived circular RNAs (EV-circRNAs) in AS and the mechanism by which EV-circRNAs affect the development of AS. Additionally, we discuss their vital role in the progression from risk factors to AS and highlight their great potential for use as diagnostic biomarkers of and novel therapeutic strategies for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowei Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Liu M, Zhao J. Circular RNAs in Diabetic Nephropathy: Updates and Perspectives. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1365-1380. [PMID: 36186139 PMCID: PMC9466972 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widespread endogenous transcripts lacking 5′-caps and 3′-polyadenylation tails. Their closed-loop structure confers exonuclease resistance and extreme stability. CircRNAs play essential roles in various diseases, including diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease and is one of the most common complications of diabetes. CircRNAs are key in DN and therefore important for understanding DN pathophysiology and developing new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we briefly introduce the characteristics and functions of circRNAs and summarize recent discoveries on how circRNAs participate in DN. Based on these advances, we suggest future perspectives for studying circRNAs in DN to improve DN treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junli Zhao
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Junli Zhao, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China. E-mail: .
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Wen G, Zhou T, Gu W. The potential of using blood circular RNA as liquid biopsy biomarker for human diseases. Protein Cell 2021; 12:911-946. [PMID: 33131025 PMCID: PMC8674396 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure. The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing. Their expression is dynamically regulated and shows spatiotemporal patterns among cell types, tissues and developmental stages. CircRNAs have important biological functions in many physiological processes, and their aberrant expression is implicated in many human diseases. Due to their high stability, circRNAs are becoming promising biomarkers in many human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and human cancers. In this review, we focus on the translational potential of using human blood circRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for human diseases. We highlight their abundant expression, essential biological functions and significant correlations to human diseases in various components of peripheral blood, including whole blood, blood cells and extracellular vesicles. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of blood circRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Wanjun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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7
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Mei M, Wang Y, Song W, Li Z, Wang Q, Li J, Zhang M. CircADARB1 serves as a new biomarker in natural killer T-cell lymphoma and a potential regulator of p-Stat3. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:594. [PMID: 34736477 PMCID: PMC8567645 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. CircRNA has shown great potential to become a biomarker in plasma. In this study, we aimed to determine circRNA for its diagnostic and prognostic value and biological function in NKTCL. Method The circRNA microarray of plasma from NKTCL patients and healthy donors were conducted. The relative expressions of target circRNA were verified by qRT-PCR. We conducted function experiments in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics predicted the target miRNA of the target circRNA and the binding site was detected by the dual luciferase report assay. Downstream target protein was predicted and detected by western blot in vitro and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Result By analyzing the plasma circRNA microarrays in NKTCL, 6137 circRNAs were up-regulated and 6190 circRNAs were down-regulated. The relative expressions of circADARB1 were significantly higher in NKTCL patients. The knockdown of circADARB1 inhibited proliferation of NKTCL cells in vitro and in vivo. CircADARB1 could bind to miR-214-3p in the downstream and regulate the expression of p-Stat3. In nude mice tumor tissue, p-Stat3 was under-expressed in the circADARB1 knockdown group. Conclusion CircADARB1 was highly expressed in NKTCL plasma and circADARB1 was a potential biomarker to assist diagnosis and predict the response in NKTCL. CircADARB1 bound up to miR-214-3p and regulated p-Stat3. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02296-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Lymphoma of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Su X, Wang P, Lin W. The Value of Circulating Circular RNA in Cancer Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prognosis, and Guiding Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736546. [PMID: 34722285 PMCID: PMC8551378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy includes non-invasive analysis of circulating tumor-derived substances. It is a novel, innovative cancer screening tool that overcomes the limitations of current invasive tissue examinations in precision oncology. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recent, novel, and attractive liquid biomarker showing stability, abundance, and high specificity in various diseases, especially in human cancers. This review focused on the emerging potential of human circRNA in body fluids as the liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancers and the methods used to detect the circRNA expression and summarized the construction of circRNA biomarkers in body fluids for treating human cancers and their limitations before they become part of routine clinical medicine. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of translating circRNAs in liquid biopsy into clinical practices were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xinwan Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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9
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Yu J, Xie D, Huang N, Zhou Q. Circular RNAs as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:714958. [PMID: 34604256 PMCID: PMC8481637 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.714958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNAs that have aroused growing attention in this decade. They are widely expressed in eukaryotes and generally have high stability owing to their special closed-loop structure. Many circRNAs are abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and exhibit cell-type-specific and tissue-specific expression patterns. Mounting evidence suggests that circRNAs have regulatory potency for gene expression by acting as microRNA sponges, interacting with proteins, regulating transcription, or directly undergoing translation. Dysregulated expression of circRNAs were found in many pathological conditions and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including renal diseases. Recent studies have revealed that circRNAs may serve as novel reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of multiple kidney diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and other glomerular diseases. Furthermore, circRNAs expressed by intrinsic kidney cells are shown to play a substantial role in kidney injury, mostly reported in DKD and RCC. Herein, we review the biogenesis and biological functions of circRNAs, and summarize their roles as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in common kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danli Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shishi General Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Naya Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Lou J, Zhang H, Xu J, Ren T, Huang Y, Tang X, Guo W. circUSP34 accelerates osteosarcoma malignant progression by sponging miR-16-5p. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:120-131. [PMID: 34592064 PMCID: PMC8748222 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary and highly malignant mesenchymal tissue tumor. The specific pathological mechanism underlying disease initiation or progression remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently circular RNA with a head-to-tail junction site. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sponging mechanism between circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in OS. Based on the inhibited effect of miR-16-5p reported on OS, circUSP34 was analyzed as a sponge of miR-16-5p via Starbase. We found that circUSP34 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS in vitro and in vivo. circUSP34 increased but miR-16-5p decreased in OS by qRT-PCR. Function assays showed that the malignancy of OS cells, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, was inhibited after knocking out circUSP34. Western blotting results showed that the expression level of vimentin and Ki-67 decreased. Similarly, miR-16-5p mimic compromised the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. FISH assay results indicated that circUSP34 and miR-16-5p were colocalized in the cytoplasm. The sponging mechanism of circUSP34 and miR-16-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull down assays. Interestingly, the miR-16-5p inhibitor partly reversed the inhibitory effect of sh-circUSP34 on the malignancy of OS cells. Further, mice tumors for IHC indicated that vimentin, N-cadherin, and Ki-67 protein expression decreased, but E-cadherin protein expression increased. Collectively, circUSP34 promoted OS malignancy, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, by sponging miR-16-5p. It can serve as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbing Lou
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuhui Xu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
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11
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Liu Z, Li M. Circular RNAs and their role in renal cell carcinoma: a current perspective. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:469. [PMID: 34488780 PMCID: PMC8422676 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of long non-coding RNAs, that results from a special type of alternative splicing referred to as back-splicing. They are widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and demonstrate tissue-specific expression patterns in humans. CircRNAs actively participate in various important biological activities like gene transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, sponging miRNA and proteins, etc. With such diverse biological functions, circRNAs not only play a crucial role in normal human physiology, as well as in multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarized our current understanding of circRNAs and their role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common cancer of kidneys. Studies have shown that the expression level of several circRNAs are considerably varied in RCC samples and RCC cell lines suggesting the potential role of these circRNAs in RCC progression. Several circRNAs promote RCC development and progression mostly via the miRNA/target gene axis making them ideal candidates for novel anti-cancer therapy. Apart from these, there are a few circRNAs that are significantly downregulated in RCC and overexpression of these circRNAs leads to suppression of RCC growth. Differential expression patterns and novel functions of circRNAs in RCC suggest that circRNAs can be utilized as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RCC therapy. However, our current understanding of the role of circRNA in RCC is still in its infancy and much comprehensive research is needed to achieve clinical translation of circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in developing effective treatment options for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li J, Sun C, Cui H, Sun J, Zhou P. Role of circRNAs in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1743-1751. [PMID: 34378140 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of sequencing technology, scientists have been able to study and acquire a better understanding of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a unique class of ncRNAs with a special loop structure, have been found to possess modulatory properties with respect to various biological processes, such as interacting with nucleic acids or proteins. In addition to their tissue-specific expression and high conservation across species, circRNAs are abundant and dynamically expressed in the nervous system, especially in nerve synapse, indicating their potential regulation in synaptic plasticity or neuronal disorders. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of circRNAs and their common biological functions, as well as their significant role in neurodevelopment, drug addiction and neurodegenerative diseases, aiming to guide further disease diagnoses and efficient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyou Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huairui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Cheng F, Zheng B, Si S, Wang J, Zhao G, Yao Z, Niu Z, He W. The Roles of CircRNAs in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers, Tumorigenesis Drivers, and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666863. [PMID: 34350174 PMCID: PMC8326561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent malignancy of the urinary system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel subtype of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in physiological and developmental processes. CircRNAs mainly function as regulators of splicing process and transcription, microRNA sponges, and protein brackets. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of BCa have led to the identification of an abundance of dysregulated circRNAs associated with BCa. These aberrantly expressed circRNAs eventually lead to abnormalities in biological, genetic, and epigenetic information. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and prognosis. Notably, diverse mechanisms have been proposed for circRNAs driving carcinogenesis, including increasing cell proliferation, promoting invasive and migratory capacity, enhancing endothelial–mesenchymal transition, sustaining stemness, and enabling resistance to chemotherapy. Importantly, a full understanding of circRNA mechanisms is needed to mine promising therapeutic approaches for targeting BCa. In this paper, we present the latest advances in circRNAs and systemically summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of circRNAs in BCa, providing potential perspectives for BCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shubin Si
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Yiyuan County, Zibo, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiting Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongshun Yao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Ju X, Tang Y, Qu R, Hao S. The Emerging Role of Circ-SHPRH in Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4177-4188. [PMID: 34285509 PMCID: PMC8286153 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s317403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circ-SHPRH is a circular RNA that can regulate the expression of target genes by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) or translating tumor suppressor proteins. Recent studies have suggested that circ-SHPRH may play a role in the development of tumors and cancers. Hence, this paper aimed to review the biological characteristics, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical significance of circ-SHPRH in a variety of tumors and to evaluate its potential as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. METHODS Numerous experiments were performed regarding the abnormal expression of circ-SHPRH in a variety of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, retinoblastoma, and glioblastoma. RESULTS Upregulation of circ-SHPRH reportedly inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, leading to the inhibition of tumor development. The clinicopathological parameters and the functional characteristics of circ-SHPRH in multiple human tumors and cancers were summarized. Circ-SHPRH functions as a tumor suppressor gene and has great potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Qu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Ye W, Chen L, Feng C, Liang T. CircMYLK promotes the growth, migration, invasion, and survival of bladder cancer cells by upregulating CCND3 level via competitively binding to miR-34a. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1206-1216. [PMID: 34056735 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of urothelial carcinoma with a rising incidence rate worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of numerous cancers, including bladder cancer. We aimed to uncover the role and associated mechanism of circMYLK in bladder cancer. The expression levels of circMYLK, miRNA-34a (miR-34a) and Cyclin D3 (CCND3) mRNA were investigated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein level of CCND3 was investigated using western blot. In functional assays, flow cytometry assays were utilized for cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis analysis. Transwell assays were used for cell migration and invasion analysis. Caspase-3 activity was examined to monitor cell apoptosis. The putative relationship between miR-34a and circMYLK or CCND3 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. CircMYLK was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells. CircMYLK downregulation inhibited bladder cancer cell migration and invasion, and promoted cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. MiR-34a, a target of circMYLK, was downregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells. MiR-34a inhibition reversed the effects of circMYLK downregulation and then recovered bladder cell malignant behaviors. Further analysis showed that CCND3 was a downstream target of miR-34a, and CCND3 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells. MiR-34a overexpression blocked bladder cancer cell migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest, while these effects were abolished by CCND3 overexpression. CircMYLK contributed to the malignant development of bladder cancer cells partly through the miR-34a/CCND3 regulatory network, showing the significance of circMYLK in bladder cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Liang
- Department of Urology, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Xinchang, China
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16
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Wei L, Liu K, Jia Q, Zhang H, Bie Q, Zhang B. The Roles of Host Noncoding RNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664787. [PMID: 34093557 PMCID: PMC8170620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, can replicate and persist in host cells. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely participate in various biological processes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and play critical roles in gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the latest reports on ncRNAs (microRNAs, piRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs) that regulate the host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In the context of host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactions, a broad and in-depth understanding of host ncRNA regulatory mechanisms may lead to potential clinical prospects for tuberculosis diagnosis and the development of new anti-tuberculosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingzhi Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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17
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Aishanjiang K, Wei XD, Fu Y, Lin X, Ma Y, Le J, Han Q, Wang X, Kong X, Gu J, Wu H. Circular RNAs and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Epigenetic Players With Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653717. [PMID: 33959506 PMCID: PMC8093866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the lack of potent diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets, the overall prognosis of survival is poor in HCC patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures and implicated in diverse physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of circRNAs in HCC diagnosis, prognosis, development, and drug resistance, suggesting that circRNAs may be a class of novel targets for improving HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. In fact, some artificial circRNAs have been engineered and showed their therapeutic potential in treating HCV infection and gastric cancer. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as therapeutic targets for HCC treatments and discuss the challenges in circRNA research and chances of circRNA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedeerya Aishanjiang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Dong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The 81st Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Lin
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Le
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuqin Han
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 81st Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Cui X, Dong Y, Li M, Wang X, Jiang M, Yang W, Liu G, Sun S, Xu W. A circular RNA from NFIX facilitates oxidative stress-induced H9c2 cells apoptosis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:715-722. [PMID: 33067659 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death worldwide, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial infarction and reperfusion is a significant factor of poor prognosis. As important regulatory molecules, biofunctions of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction remain elusive. To confirm the expression level and biological function of circNFIX in cardiomyocytes upon oxidative stress. Divergent polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were performed to verify the circular structure. The stability of circNFIX was confirmed by RNase R treatment and actinomycin D assay. In order to simulate oxidative stress during myocardial infarction, H9c2 cells were subjected to hydrogen peroxide and hypoxia stimulation. In vivo, mouse models of myocardial ischemia were established. The biological function of circNFIX in cardiomyocytes was investigated through loss- and gain-of-function assays, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis level was detected by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and Western blot. CircNFIX is abundant, conserved, and stable in H9c2 cells. The expression of circNFIX was significantly downregulated in cardiomyocytes subjected to oxidative stress. Enforced CircNFIX promotes H9c2 cells apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide, in sharp contrast to circNFIX knockdown. In this study, we found that circNFIX served as a pro-apoptosis factor in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CircNFIX possesses potential to be the biomarker and therapeutic target in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglun Cui
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuekang Wang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Meiqing Jiang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gege Liu
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuqi Sun
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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19
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Fu X, Lin W. Circular RNAs in renal cell carcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:149. [PMID: 33054773 PMCID: PMC7559063 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant kidney tumor and has a high incidence rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution and diverse cellular functions. They are highly stable and have organ- and tissue-specific expression patterns. CircRNAs have essential functions as microRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein- and transcriptional regulators, and protein translation templates. Recent reports have shown that circRNAs are abnormally expressed in RCC and act as important regulators of RCC carcinogenesis and progression. Moreover, circRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for RCC diagnosis and prognosis and targets for developing new treatments. However, further studies are needed to better understand the functions of circRNAs in RCC. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent research progress on RCC-associated circRNAs, with a focus on their potential for RCC diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Peng Z, Fang S, Jiang M, Zhao X, Zhou C, Gong Z. Circular RNAs: Regulatory functions in respiratory tract cancers. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:264-271. [PMID: 32710944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs having a covalently closed loop structure generated from back-splicing of pre-mRNA. These novel RNAs are characterized by high stability, abundance and conservation. Accumulating evidence has revealed that circRNAs are intimately associated with the pathogenesis, development and progression of multiple human diseases, including respiratory tract cancers. CircRNAs may serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to influence cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. CircRNAs may act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), regulate gene transcription and/or translate into mini-peptides or proteins. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the pathologic roles of circRNAs in respiratory tract cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and especially lung adenocarcinoma. We further discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic roles as potential biomarkers in respiratory tract cancers, providing insight into the possibilities of applying circRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meina Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China.
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China.
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21
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Cai Y, Lei X, Chen Z, Mo Z. The roles of cirRNA in the development of germ cells. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151506. [PMID: 32008790 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (CircRNA), a type of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), is generally generated from precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) by canonical splicing and head-to-tail back splicing. The structure without a polyA tail renders circRNA highly insensitive to ribonuclease. Simultaneously, the distribution of circRNAs is tissue and developmental stage-specific. There are five potential biological functions of circRNAs: 1) promote transcription of their parental genes; 2) function as a miRNA sponge; 3) RNA binding protein (RBP) sponge; 4) encode protein; 5) act as an mRNA trap. Recently, circRNA has attracted attention because studies have shown that circRNAs are associated with follicular development, ovarian senescence, spermatogenesis, and germ cell development process, suggesting that circRNAs may function in germ cells regulation. The investigation of circRNAs in germ cells will provide an excellent opportunity to understand its potential molecular basis, and potentially improving reproduction status in human. In this article, the relationship between circRNA and germ cell development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Cai
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence), Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Yueyang, Hunan, 416000, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence), Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541100, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Yueyang, Hunan, 416000, China.
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22
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Xu Z, Xiang W, Chen W, Sun Y, Qin F, Wei J, Yuan L, Zheng L, Li S. Circ-IGF1R inhibits cell invasion and migration in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:875-887. [PMID: 32107851 PMCID: PMC7113055 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel molecular marker and target candidate that is closely associated with tumor invasion and migration. The mechanism of action of hsa_circ_0005035 (circ-IGF1R) in non-small cell lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the mechanism of action of circ-IGF1R in lung cancer. METHODS We screened circ-IGF1R, one of the most notable differential expressions, from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, GSE104854, for further research. The expression level of circ-IGF1R was examined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in five different lung cancer cell lines and 50 pairs of lung cancer and adjacent tissues. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used for verifying the biological function of circ-IGF1R. The effect of overexpressing circ-IGF1R on the transcriptome of whole lung cancer cells was explored in lung cancer cell lines using RNA-seq. RESULTS The expression level of circ-IGF1R was notably lower in lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines than in the adjacent normal tissues and cells (P < 0.0001). In addition, the expression level of circ-IGF1R was associated with larger tumors (T2/T3/T4) and lymph node metastasis (N1/ N2/N3) (P < 0.05). The overexpression of circ-IGF1R significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of the lung cancer cells. The potential network of circ-IGF1R-miR-1270-VANGL2 was preliminarily determined, and the expression patterns of miR-1270 and VANGL2 were verified in lung cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION Circ-IGF1R may inhibit lung cancer invasion and migration through a potential network of circ-IGF1R-miR-1270-VANGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Xiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fanglu Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liqiang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia Catheter Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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23
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Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhou Q, Chen C, Yuan W, Liu J, Li X, Sun Z. Roles of circRNAs in the tumour microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:14. [PMID: 31973726 PMCID: PMC6977266 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) constitutes the area surrounding the tumour during its development and has been demonstrated to play roles in cancer-related diseases through crosstalk with tumour cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subpopulation of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and have multiple biological functions in the regulation of cancer onset and progression. An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs participate in the multifaceted biological regulation of the TME. However, details on the mechanisms involved have remained elusive until now. In this review, we analyse the effects of circRNAs on the TME from various perspectives, including immune surveillance, angiogenesis, hypoxia, matrix remodelling, exo-circRNAs and chemoradiation resistance. Currently, the enormous potential for circRNA use in targeted therapy and as noninvasive biomarkers have drawn our attention. We emphasize the prospect of targeting circRNAs as an essential strategy to regulate TME, overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuge Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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24
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Enguita FJ. New promising circulating RNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S130. [PMID: 31576337 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Cardiomics Unit, Centro de Cardiologia da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Pardini B, Sabo AA, Birolo G, Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1170. [PMID: 31416190 PMCID: PMC6721601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in two directions: (1) understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving cancer prevention and screening for early detection of the disease. This last aspect has been developed, especially for certain types of cancers, thanks also to the introduction of new concepts such as liquid biopsies and precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest in the application of alternative and noninvasive methodologies to search for cancer biomarkers. The new frontiers of the research lead to a search for RNA molecules circulating in body fluids. Searching for biomarkers in extracellular body fluids represents a better option for patients because they are easier to access, less painful, and potentially more economical. Moreover, the possibility for these types of samples to be taken repeatedly, allows a better monitoring of the disease progression or treatment efficacy for a better intervention and dynamic treatment of the patient, which is the fundamental basis of personalized medicine. RNA molecules, freely circulating in body fluids or packed in microvesicles, have all the characteristics of the ideal biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and being able to be sampled several times for monitoring. Moreover, as demonstrated for many cancers, their plasma/serum levels mirror those in the primary tumor. There are a large variety of RNA species noncoding for proteins that could be used as cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Among them, the most studied are microRNAs, but recently the attention of the researcher has been also directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small noncoding RNAs. Another class of RNA species, the long noncoding RNAs, is larger than microRNAs and represents a very versatile and promising group of molecules which, apart from their use as biomarkers, have also a possible therapeutic role. In this review, we will give an overview of the most common noncoding RNA species detectable in extracellular fluids and will provide an update concerning the situation of the research on these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Anton Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Li HM, Ma XL, Li HG. Intriguing circles: Conflicts and controversies in circular RNA research. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 10:e1538. [PMID: 31034768 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA circles without a 5' cap or 3' tail. Since the landmark discovery of ciRS-7/CDR1as functioning as a miR-7 sponge in 2013, circRNAs have become a hot topic in RNA research. CircRNAs have been found to play active roles in cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and many other diseases. They can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, protein scaffolds, and even translation templates. However, as circRNA research expands, many divergent views have emerged. For example, are most circRNAs competent in serving as miRNA sponges? What kinds of circRNAs are most likely to sponge miRNAs? Apart from sponging miRNAs, what could the functions of most circRNAs be? What are the features of circRNAs that are translatable? Many researchers have claimed that circRNAs are abundant, stable, conserved, and specific molecules, which hold great potential in serving as biomarkers. However, circRNA abundance is variable and some circRNAs are abundant while others are not. In addition, their stability and conservation may vary under different circumstances. Furthermore, it is unclear whether circRNA biogenesis is more likely to be regulated by RNA binding proteins or transcription factors. All of these are open questions that remain to be answered by researchers in this field. Discussing and investigating these questions will advance the understanding of this class of novel molecules and may propel inspiring new ideas for future studies. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Lan Ma
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
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Wang H, Feng C, Wang M, Yang S, Wei F. Circular RNAs: Diversity of Functions and a Regulatory Nova in Oral Medicine: A Pilot Review. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:819-830. [PMID: 30945569 PMCID: PMC6719493 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719837917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as cancers, inflammation, loss of bone/tooth/soft tissues, are serious threats to human health since some can cause systemic disease and effective treatments are limited. Thus, discovering promising biomarkers for physiological and pathological processes in oral medicine, and identifying novel targets for therapy have become a most critical issue. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs), which were once thought to be a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are found to be of coding potential. CircRNAs are highly present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are key elements in the physiological and biological processes of various pathological conditions, and are also reflected in oral development and progress. Previous studies have indicated that circRNAs are involved in the initiation and development of different types of diseases and tissues (e.g., cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neural development, growth and development, wood healing, liver regeneration). Moreover, growing evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play vital roles in oral cancers and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Here, we focus on the biological characteristics of circRNAs, beginning with an overview of previous studies on the functional roles of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oral medicine. We hope this will give us a promising new comprehension of the underlying mechanisms occurring during related biological and pathological progress, and contribute to the development of effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,* Both authors contributed equally
| | - Cheng Feng
- 3 Jinan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,* Both authors contributed equally
| | - Meng Wang
- 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyan Yang
- 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Wei
- 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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