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Herbert L, Vernet A, Frouin J, Meunier AC, Di Mattia J, Wang M, Sidhu GK, Mathis L, Nicolas A, Guiderdoni E, Fayos I. dCas9-SPO11-1 locally stimulates meiotic recombination in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025; 16:1580225. [PMID: 40376157 PMCID: PMC12078263 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1580225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Introduction Meiotic crossovers shuffle the genetic information transmitted by the gametes. However, the potential to recover all the combinations of the parental alleles remains limited in most organisms, including plants, by the occurrence of only few crossovers per chromosome and a prominent bias in their spatial distribution. Thus, novel methods for stimulating recombination frequencies and/or modifying their location are highly desired to accelerate plant breeding. Methods Here, we investigate the use of a dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion and clusters of 11 gRNAs to alter meiotic recombination in two chromosomal regions of a rice hybrid (KalingaIII/Kitaake). To accurately genotype rare recombinants in regions of few kbp, we improved the digital PCR-based pollen-typing method in parallel. Results Expression of the dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion protein under the ubiquitous ZmUbi1 promoter was obtained in leaves/anthers/meiocytes and found to complement the sterility of the Osspo11-1 mutant line. We observed a 3.27-fold increase over wild-type (p<0.001) of recombinant pollens in a transgenic hybrid line (7a) targeting a chromosome 7 region. In the offspring plant 7a1, a significant 2.05-fold increase (p=0.048) was observed in the central interval (7.2 kb) of the Chr. 7 target region. This stimulation of meiotic recombination is consistent with the expression of the dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion and gRNAs as well as with the ChIP-revealed binding of dCas9-SPO11-1 to the targeted region. In contrast, no stimulation was observed in other transgenic lines deficient in the above pre-requisite features, expressing the dCas9-SPO11-1 fusion but no gRNAs or targeting a Chr.9 region. Discussion These results open new avenues to locally stimulate meiotic recombination in crop genomes and paves the way for a future implementation in plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurore Vernet
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Université de Montpellier, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Frouin
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Université de Montpellier, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Cécile Meunier
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Université de Montpellier, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremy Di Mattia
- Ingénierie et Analyse en Génétique Environnementale (IAGE), Montpellier, France
| | - Minghui Wang
- Meiogenix Inc., Center for Life Science Ventures Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Gaganpreet K. Sidhu
- Meiogenix Inc., Center for Life Science Ventures Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Alain Nicolas
- Meiogenix SA, Paris, France
- IRCAN (Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging), CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) UMR7284, INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1081, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte de recherche - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) Institut, Université de Montpellier, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Si Y, Zhang H, Ma S, Zheng S, Niu J, Tian S, Cui X, Zhu K, Yan X, Lu Q, Zhang Z, Du T, Lu P, Chen Y, Wu Q, Xie J, Guo G, Gu M, Wu H, Li Y, Yuan C, Li Z, Liu Z, Dong L, Ling HQ, Li M. Genomic structural variation in an alpha/beta hydrolase triggers hybrid necrosis in wheat. Nat Commun 2025; 16:2655. [PMID: 40102399 PMCID: PMC11920055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Hybrid necrosis, a century-old mystery in wheat, is caused by complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2. Ne2, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor, has been cloned, yet Ne1 remains elusive. Here, we report that Ne1, which encodes an alpha/beta hydrolase (ABH) protein generated by structural variation, triggers hybrid necrosis with Ne2 by activating autoimmune responses. We further verify that not only allelic variation but also copy number variation (CNV) of Ne1 are pivotal for hybrid necrosis diversity in wheat. Ne1 likely originates from wild emmer wheat, potentially through duplication and ectopic recombination events. Unlike Ne2, which is frequently selected for rust resistance in wheat breeding, the lower prevalence of Ne1 in modern wheat cultivars is attributed to its association with hybrid necrosis. Altogether, these findings illuminate the co-evolution of the NLR/ABH gene pair in plant development and innate immunity, offering potential benefits for wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Si
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Ma
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shusong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Niu
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuiquan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Yan
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiuhong Wu
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingzhong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjun Gu
- Biomedical Research Center for Structural Analysis, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huilan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zaifeng Li
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Bae N, Shim SH, Alavilli H, Do H, Park M, Lee DW, Lee JH, Lee H, Li X, Lee CH, Jeon JS, Lee BH. Enhanced salt stress tolerance in plants without growth penalty through increased photosynthesis activity by plastocyanin from Antarctic moss. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 121:e17168. [PMID: 39585233 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Salinity poses a significant challenge to plant growth and crop productivity by adversely affecting crucial processes, including photosynthesis. Efforts to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crops have been hindered by the trade-off effect, where increased stress resistance is accompanied by growth reduction. In this study, we identified and characterized a plastocyanin gene (PaPC) from the Antarctic moss Polytrichastrum alpinum, which enhanced photosynthesis and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana without compromising growth. While there were no differences in growth and salt tolerance between the wild type and Arabidopsis plastocyanin genes (AtPC1 and AtPC2)-overexpressing plants, PaPC-overexpressing plants demonstrated superior photosynthetic efficiency, increased biomass, and enhanced salt tolerance. Similarly, PaPC-overexpressing rice plants exhibited improved yield potential and photosynthetic efficiency under both normal and salt stress conditions. Key amino acid residues in PaPC responsible for this enhanced functionality were identified, and their substitution into AtPC2 conferred improved photosynthetic performance and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato. These findings not only highlight the potential of extremophiles as valuable genetic resources but also suggest a photosynthesis-based strategy for developing stress-resilient crops without a growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- NoA Bae
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Hackwon Do
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaozheng Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Choon-Hwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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Xu X, Mo Q, Cai Z, Jiang Q, Zhou D, Yi J. Promoters, Key Cis-Regulatory Elements, and Their Potential Applications in Regulation of Cadmium (Cd) in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13237. [PMID: 39769000 PMCID: PMC11675829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa), a globally significant staple crop, is crucial for ensuring human food security due to its high yield and quality. However, the intensification of industrial activities has resulted in escalating cadmium (Cd) pollution in agricultural soils, posing a substantial threat to rice production. To address this challenge, this review comprehensively analyzes rice promoters, with a particular focus on identifying and characterizing key cis-regulatory elements (CREs) within them. By elucidating the roles of these CREs in regulating Cd stress response and accumulation in rice, we aim to establish a scientific foundation for developing rice varieties with reduced Cd accumulation and enhanced tolerance. Furthermore, based on the current understanding of plant promoters and their associated CREs, our study identifies several critical research directions. These include the exploration of tissue-specific and inducible promoters, as well as the discovery of novel CREs specifically involved in the mechanisms of Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification in rice. Our findings not only contribute to the existing knowledge base on genetic engineering strategies for mitigating Cd contamination in rice but pave the way for future research aimed at enhancing rice's resilience to Cd pollution, ultimately contributing to the safeguarding of global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jicai Yi
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.M.); (Z.C.); (Q.J.); (D.Z.)
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Sun C, Wei J, Gu X, Wu M, Li M, Liu Y, An N, Wu K, Wu S, Wu J, Xu M, Wu JC, Wang YL, Chao DY, Zhang Y, Wu S. Different multicellular trichome types coordinate herbivore mechanosensing and defense in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:koae269. [PMID: 39404780 PMCID: PMC11638769 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced wounding can elicit a defense response in plants. However, whether plants possess a surveillance system capable of detecting herbivore threats and initiating preparatory defenses before wounding occurs remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) trichomes can detect and respond to the mechanical stimuli generated by herbivores. Mechanical stimuli are preferentially perceived by long trichomes, and this mechanosensation is transduced via intra-trichome communication. This communication presumably involves calcium waves, and the transduced signals activate the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in short glandular trichomes, resulting in the upregulation of the Woolly (Wo)-SlMYC1 regulatory module for terpene biosynthesis. This induced defense mechanism provides plants with an early warning system against the threat of herbivore invasion. Our findings represent a perspective on the role of multicellular trichomes in plant defense and the underlying intra-trichome communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JinBo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - XinYun Gu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MinLiang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YiXi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - NingKai An
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - KeMeng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - ShaSha Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JunQing Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MeiZhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jia-Chen Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - YouJun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Bao A, Jiao T, Hu T, Cui K, Yue W, Liu Y, Zeng H, Zhang J, Han S, Wu M. Cloning of the Arabidopsis SMAP2 promoter and analysis of its expression activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11451. [PMID: 38769443 PMCID: PMC11106232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The SMALL ACIDIC PROTEIN (SMAP) gene is evolutionarily indispensable for organisms. There are two copies of the SMAP gene in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, namely, SMAP1 and SMAP2. The function of SMAP2 is similar to that of SMAP1, and both can mediate 2,4-D responses in the root of Arabidopsis. This study cloned the AtSMAP2 genetic promoter sequence. Two promoter fragments of different lengths were designed according to the distribution of their cis-acting elements, and the corresponding β- glucuronidase (GUS) expression vector was constructed. The expression activity of promoters of two lengths, 1993 bp and 997 bp, was studied by the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. The prediction results of cis-acting elements in the promoter show that there are many hormone response elements in 997 bp, such as three abscisic acid response elements ABRE, gibberellin response elements P-box and GARE-motif and auxin response element AuxRR-core. Through GUS histochemical staining and qRT‒PCR analysis, it was found that the higher promoter activity of PAtSMAP2-997, compared to PAtSMAP2-1993, drove the expression of GUS genes at higher levels in Arabidopsis, especially in the root system. The results provide an important basis for subsequent studies on the regulation of AtSMAP2 gene expression and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
- TECON Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shining Han
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
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Wei C, Hu Z, Wang S, Tan X, Jin Y, Yi Z, He K, Zhao L, Chu Z, Fang Y, Chen S, Liu P, Zhao H. An endogenous promoter LpSUT2 discovered in duckweed: a promising transgenic tool for plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368284. [PMID: 38638348 PMCID: PMC11025394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Promoters are one of the most critical elements in regulating gene expression. They are considered essential biotechnological tools for heterologous protein production. The one most widely used in plants is the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. However, our study for the first time discovered the 35S promoter reduced the expression of exogenous proteins under increased antibiotic stress. We discovered an endogenous strong promoter from duckweed named LpSUT2 that keeps higher initiation activity under antibiotic stress. Stable transformation in duckweed showed that the gene expression of eGFP in the LpSUT2:eGFP was 1.76 times that of the 35S:eGFP at 100 mg.L-1 G418 and 6.18 times at 500 mg.L-1 G418. Notably, with the increase of G418 concentration, the gene expression and the fluorescence signal of eGFP in the 35S:eGFP were weakened, while the LpSUT2:eGFP only changed slightly. This is because, under high antibiotic stress, the 35S promoter was methylated, leading to the gene silencing of the eGFP gene. Meanwhile, the LpSUT2 promoter was not methylated and maintained high activity. This is a previously unknown mechanism that provides us with new insights into screening more stable promoters that are less affected by environmental stress. These outcomes suggest that the LpSUT2 promoter has a high capacity to initiate the expression of exogenous proteins. In conclusion, our study provides a promoter tool with potential application for plant genetic engineering and also provides new insights into screening promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Leyi Zhao
- Pitzer College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Ziyue Chu
- Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mai H, Qin T, Wei H, Yu Z, Pang G, Liang Z, Ni J, Yang H, Tang H, Xiao L, Liu H, Liu T. Overexpression of OsACL5 triggers environmentally-dependent leaf rolling and reduces grain size in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:833-847. [PMID: 37965680 PMCID: PMC10955489 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Major polyamines include putrescine, spermidine, spermine and thermospermine, which play vital roles in growth and adaptation against environmental changes in plants. Thermospermine (T-Spm) is synthetised by ACL5. The function of ACL5 in rice is still unknown. In this study, we used a reverse genetic strategy to investigate the biological function of OsACL5. We generated several knockout mutants by pYLCRISPR/Cas9 system and overexpressing (OE) lines of OsACL5. Interestingly, the OE plants exhibited environmentally-dependent leaf rolling, smaller grains, lighter 1000-grain weight and reduction in yield per plot. The area of metaxylem vessels of roots and leaves of OE plants were significantly smaller than those of WT, which possibly caused reduction in leaf water potential, resulting in leaf rolling with rise in the environmental temperature and light intensity and decrease in humidity. Additionally, the T-Spm contents were markedly increased by over ninefold whereas the ethylene evolution was reduced in OE plants, suggesting that T-Spm signalling pathway interacts with ethylene pathway to regulate multiple agronomic characters. Moreover, the osacl5 exhibited an increase in grain length, 1000-grain weight, and yield per plot. OsACL5 may affect grain size via mediating the expression of OsDEP1, OsGS3 and OsGW2. Furthermore, haplotypes analysis indicated that OsACL5 plays a conserved function on regulating T-Spm levels during the domestication of rice. Our data demonstrated that identification of OsACL5 provides a theoretical basis for understanding the physiological mechanism of T-Spm which may play roles in triggering environmentally dependent leaf rolling; OsACL5 will be an important gene resource for molecular breeding for higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafu Mai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiman Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiansheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Haishan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiying Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lisi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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9
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Zhao H, Zhang J, Zhao J, Niu S. Genetic transformation in conifers: current status and future prospects. FORESTRY RESEARCH 2024; 4:e010. [PMID: 39524432 PMCID: PMC11524282 DOI: 10.48130/forres-0024-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Genetic transformation has been a cornerstone in plant molecular biology research and molecular design breeding, facilitating innovative approaches for the genetic improvement of trees with long breeding cycles. Despite the profound ecological and economic significance of conifers in global forestry, the application of genetic transformation in this group has been fraught with challenges. Nevertheless, genetic transformation has achieved notable advances in certain conifer species, while these advances are confined to specific genotypes, they offer valuable insights for technological breakthroughs in other species. This review offers an in-depth examination of the progress achieved in the genetic transformation of conifers. This discussion encompasses various factors, including expression vector construction, gene-delivery methods, and regeneration systems. Additionally, the hurdles encountered in the pursuit of a universal model for conifer transformation are discussed, along with the proposal of potential strategies for future developments. This comprehensive overview seeks to stimulate further research and innovation in this crucial field of forest biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shihui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Chung YH, Chen TC, Yang WJ, Chen SZ, Chang JM, Hsieh WY, Hsieh MH. Ectopic expression of a bacterial thiamin monophosphate kinase enhances vitamin B1 biosynthesis in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1330-1343. [PMID: 37996996 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants and bacteria have distinct pathways to synthesize the bioactive vitamin B1 thiamin diphosphate (TDP). In plants, thiamin monophosphate (TMP) synthesized in the TDP biosynthetic pathway is first converted to thiamin by a phosphatase, which is then pyrophosphorylated to TDP. In contrast, bacteria use a TMP kinase encoded by ThiL to phosphorylate TMP to TDP directly. The Arabidopsis THIAMIN REQUIRING2 (TH2)-encoded phosphatase is involved in TDP biosynthesis. The chlorotic th2 mutants have high TMP and low thiamin and TDP. Ectopic expression of Escherichia coli ThiL and ThiL-GFP rescued the th2-3 mutant, suggesting that the bacterial TMP kinase could directly convert TMP into TDP in Arabidopsis. These results provide direct evidence that the chlorotic phenotype of th2-3 is caused by TDP rather than thiamin deficiency. Transgenic Arabidopsis harboring engineered ThiL-GFP targeting to the cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondrion, or nucleus accumulated higher TDP than the wild type (WT). Ectopic expression of E. coli ThiL driven by the UBIQUITIN (UBI) promoter or an endosperm-specific GLUTELIN1 (GT1) promoter also enhanced TDP biosynthesis in rice. The pUBI:ThiL transgenic rice accumulated more TDP and total vitamin B1 in the leaves, and the pGT1:ThiL transgenic lines had higher TDP and total vitamin B1 in the seeds than the WT. Total vitamin B1 only increased by approximately 25-30% in the polished and unpolished seeds of the pGT1:ThiL transgenic rice compared to the WT. Nevertheless, these results suggest that genetic engineering of a bacterial vitamin B1 biosynthetic gene downstream of TMP can enhance vitamin B1 production in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ju Yang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Ziet Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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11
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Hu H, Zhang Y, Yu F. A CRISPR/Cas9-based vector system enables the fast breeding of selection-marker-free canola with Rcr1-rendered clubroot resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1347-1363. [PMID: 37991105 PMCID: PMC10901203 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for disease resistance in major crops is of crucial importance for global food security and sustainability. However, common biotechnologies such as traditional transgenesis or genome editing do not provide an ideal solution, whereas transgenic crops free of selection markers such as cisgenic/intragenic crops might be suitable. In this study, after cloning and functional verification of the Rcr1 gene for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), we confirmed that the genes Rcr1, Rcr2, Rcr4, and CRa from Brassica rapa crops and the resistance gene from B. napus oilseed rape cv. 'Mendel' on chromosome A03 were identical in their coding regions. We also determined that Rcr1 has a wide distribution in Brassica breeding materials and renders potent resistance against multiple representative clubroot strains in Canada. We then modified a CRISPR/Cas9-based cisgenic vector system and found that it enabled the fast breeding of selection-marker-free transgenic crops with add-on traits, with selection-marker-free canola (B. napus) germplasms with Rcr1-rendered stable resistance to clubroot disease being successfully developed within 2 years. In the B. napus background, the intragenic vector system was able to remove unwanted residue sequences from the final product with high editing efficiency, and off-target mutations were not detected. Our study demonstrates the potential of applying this breeding strategy to other crops that can be transformed by Agrobacterium. Following the streamlined working procedure, intragenic germplasms can be developed within two generations, which could significantly reduce the breeding time and labor compared to traditional introgression whilst still achieving comparable or even better breeding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Yan Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Fengqun Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
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12
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Villao-Uzho L, Chávez-Navarrete T, Pacheco-Coello R, Sánchez-Timm E, Santos-Ordóñez E. Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1226. [PMID: 37372407 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Therefore, the characterization of the promoter activity is necessary for the generation of biotechnological crops. That is why several analyses have focused on identifying and isolating promoters using techniques such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), genetic libraries, cloning, and sequencing. Promoter analysis involves the plant genetic transformation method, a potent tool for determining the promoter activity and function of genes in plants, contributing to understanding gene regulation and plant development. Furthermore, the study of promoters that play a fundamental role in gene regulation is highly relevant. The study of regulation and development in transgenic organisms has made it possible to understand the benefits of directing gene expression in a temporal, spatial, and even controlled manner, confirming the great diversity of promoters discovered and developed. Therefore, promoters are a crucial tool in biotechnological processes to ensure the correct expression of a gene. This review highlights various types of promoters and their functionality in the generation of genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villao-Uzho
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Pacheco-Coello
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Timm
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Efrén Santos-Ordóñez
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
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13
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Yu L, Zhang H, Guan R, Li Y, Guo Y, Qiu L. Genome-Wide Tissue-Specific Genes Identification for Novel Tissue-Specific Promoters Discovery in Soybean. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1150. [PMID: 37372330 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoters play a crucial role in controlling the spatial and temporal expression of genes at transcriptional levels in the process of higher plant growth and development. The spatial, efficient, and correct regulation of exogenous genes expression, as desired, is the key point in plant genetic engineering research. Constitutive promoters widely used in plant genetic transformation are limited because, sometimes, they may cause potential negative effects. This issue can be solved, to a certain extent, by using tissue-specific promoters. Compared with constitutive promoters, a few tissue-specific promoters have been isolated and applied. In this study, based on the transcriptome data, a total of 288 tissue-specific genes were collected, expressed in seven tissues, including the leaves, stems, flowers, pods, seeds, roots, and nodules of soybean (Glycine max). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was carried out, and 52 metabolites were annotated. A total of 12 tissue-specific genes were selected via the transcription expression level and validated through real-time quantitative PCR, of which 10 genes showed tissue-specific expression. The 3-kb 5' upstream regions of ten genes were obtained as putative promoters. Further analysis showed that all the 10 promoters contained many tissue-specific cis-elements. These results demonstrate that high-throughput transcriptional data can be used as effective tools, providing a guide for high-throughput novel tissue-specific promoter discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongxia Guan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Chamness JC, Kumar J, Cruz AJ, Rhuby E, Holum MJ, Cody JP, Tibebu R, Gamo ME, Starker CG, Zhang F, Voytas DF. An extensible vector toolkit and parts library for advanced engineering of plant genomes. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20312. [PMID: 36896468 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant biotechnology is rife with new advances in transformation and genome engineering techniques. A common requirement for delivery and coordinated expression in plant cells, however, places the design and assembly of transformation constructs at a crucial juncture as desired reagent suites grow more complex. Modular cloning principles have simplified some aspects of vector design, yet many important components remain unavailable or poorly adapted for rapid implementation in biotechnology research. Here, we describe a universal Golden Gate cloning toolkit for vector construction. The toolkit chassis is compatible with the widely accepted Phytobrick standard for genetic parts, and supports assembly of arbitrarily complex T-DNAs through improved capacity, positional flexibility, and extensibility in comparison to extant kits. We also provision a substantial library of newly adapted Phytobricks, including regulatory elements for monocot and dicot gene expression, and coding sequences for genes of interest such as reporters, developmental regulators, and site-specific recombinases. Finally, we use a series of dual-luciferase assays to measure contributions to expression from promoters, terminators, and from cross-cassette interactions attributable to enhancer elements in certain promoters. Taken together, these publicly available cloning resources can greatly accelerate the testing and deployment of new tools for plant engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Chamness
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jitesh Kumar
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna J Cruz
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elissa Rhuby
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mason J Holum
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jon P Cody
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Redeat Tibebu
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Elena Gamo
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colby G Starker
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Precision Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Zhuang Y, Sharif Y, Zeng X, Chen S, Chen H, Zhuang C, Deng Y, Ruan M, Chen S, Weijian Z. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the promoter of a novel Aspergillus flavus inducible gene ( AhOMT1) from peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1102181. [PMID: 36844094 PMCID: PMC9947529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is an important oil and food legume crop grown in more than one hundred countries, but the yield and quality are often impaired by different pathogens and diseases, especially aflatoxins jeopardizing human health and causing global concerns. For better management of aflatoxin contamination, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel A. flavus inducible promoter of the O-methyltransferase gene (AhOMT1) from peanut. The AhOMT1 gene was identified as the highest inducible gene by A. flavus infection through genome-wide microarray analysis and verified by qRT-PCR analysis. AhOMT1 gene was studied in detail, and its promoter, fussed with the GUS gene, was introduced into Arabidopsis to generate homozygous transgenic lines. Expression of GUS gene was studied in transgenic plants under the infection of A. flavus. The analysis of AhOMT1 gene characterized by in silico assay, RNAseq, and qRT-PCR revealed minute expression in different organs and tissues with trace or no response to low temperature, drought, hormones, Ca2+, and bacterial stresses, but highly induced by A. flavus infection. It contains four exons encoding 297 aa predicted to transfer the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). The promoter contains different cis-elements responsible for its expression characteristics. Functional characterization of AhOMT1P in transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated highly inducible behavior only under A. flavus infection. The transgenic plants did not show GUS expression in any tissue(s) without inoculation of A. flavus spores. However, GUS activity increased significantly after inoculation of A. flavus and maintained a high level of expression after 48 hours of infection. These results provided a novel way for future management of peanut aflatoxins contamination through driving resistance genes in A. flavus inducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suzheng Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | | | - Zhuang Weijian
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Ye S, Ding W, Bai W, Lu J, Zhou L, Ma X, Zhu Q. Application of a novel strong promoter from Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolate) in the CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing of its protoplasts and transgenesis of rice and poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1179394. [PMID: 37152166 PMCID: PMC10157052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel constitutive promoters are essential for plant biotechnology. Although in angiosperms, a number of promoters were applied in monocots or dicots genetic engineering, only a few promoters were used in gymnosperm. Here we identified two strong promoters (Cula11 and Cula08) from Chinese fir (C. lanceolate) by screening the transcriptomic data and preliminary promoter activity assays in tobacco. By using the newly established Chinese fir protoplast transient expression technology that enables in vivo molecular biology studies in its homologous system, we compared the activities of Cula11 and Cula08 with that of the commonly used promoters in genetic engineering of monocots or dicots, such as CaM35S, CmYLCV, and ZmUbi, and our results revealed that Cula11 and Cula08 promoters have stronger activities in Chinese fir protoplasts. Furthermore, the vector containing Cas gene driven by Cula11 promoter and sgRNA driven by the newly isolated CulaU6b polyIII promoters were introduced into Chinese fir protoplasts, and CRISPR/Cas mediated gene knock-out event was successfully achieved. More importantly, compared with the commonly used promoters in the genetic engineering in angiosperms, Cula11 promoter has much stronger activity than CaM35S promoter in transgenic poplar, and ZmUbi promoter in transgenic rice, respectively, indicating its potential application in poplar and rice genetic engineering. Overall, the novel putative constitutive gene promoters reported here will have great potential application in gymnosperm and angiosperm biotechnology, and the transient gene expression system established here will serve as a useful tool for the molecular and genetic analyses of Chinese fir genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangqing Ma, ; Qiang Zhu,
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Lin L, Fan J, Li P, Liu D, Ren S, Lin K, Fang Y, Lin C, Wang Y, Wu J. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-inducible promoter pBnGH17D7 in Brassica napus: isolation, characterization, and application in host-induced gene silencing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6663-6677. [PMID: 35927220 PMCID: PMC9629790 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is among the most devastating diseases in Brassica napus worldwide. Conventional breeding for SSR resistance in Brassica species is challenging due to the limited availability of resistant germplasm. Therefore, genetic engineering is an attractive approach for developing SSR-resistant Brassica crops. Compared with the constitutive promoter, an S. sclerotiorum-inducible promoter would avoid ectopic expression of defense genes that may cause plant growth deficits. In this study, we generated a S. sclerotiorum-inducible promoter. pBnGH17D7, from the promoter of B. napus glycosyl hydrolase 17 gene (pBnGH17). Specifically, 5'-deletion and promoter activity analyses in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants defined a 189 bp region of pBnGH17 which was indispensable for S. sclerotiorum-induced response. Compared with pBnGH17, pBnGH17D7 showed a similar response upon S. sclerotiorum infection, but lower activity in plant tissues in the absence of S. sclerotiorum infection. Moreover, we revealed that the transcription factor BnTGA7 directly binds to the TGACG motif in pBnGH17D7 to activate BnGH17. Ultimately, pBnGH17D7 was exploited for engineering Sclerotinia-resistant B. napus via host-induced gene silencing. It induces high expression of siRNAs against the S. sclerotiorum pathogenic factor gene specifically during infection, leading to increased resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jialin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sichao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Keyun Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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18
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Kumar V, Kumar A, Tewari K, Garg NK, Changan SS, Tyagi A. Isolation and characterization of drought and ABA responsive promoter of a transcription factor encoding gene from rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1813-1831. [PMID: 36484033 PMCID: PMC9723047 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is a significant impediment to enhancing rice yield. Genetic engineering tools have enabled agriculture researchers to develop drought-tolerant cultivars of rice. A common strategy to achieve this involves expressing drought-tolerant genes driven by constitutive promoters such as CaMV35S. However, the use of constitutive promoters is often limited by the adverse effects it has on the growth and development of the plant. Additionally, it has been observed that monocot-derived promoters are more successful in driving gene expression in monocots than in dicots. Substitution of constitutive promoters with stress-inducible promoters is the currently used strategy to overcome this limitation. In the present study, a 1514 bp AP2/ERF promoter that drives the expression of a transcription factor was cloned and characterized from drought-tolerant Indian rice genotype N22. The AP2/ERF promoter was fused to the GUS gene (uidA) and transformed in Arabidopsis and rice plants. Histochemical GUS staining of transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed AP2/ERF promoter activity in roots, stems, and leaves. Water deficit stress and ABA upregulate promoter activity in transformed Arabidopsis and rice. Quantitative PCR for uidA expression confirmed induced GUS activity in Arabidopsis and rice. This study showed that water deficit inducible Os-AP2/ERF-N22 promoter can be used to overcome the limitations of constitutive promoters. Transformants overexpressing Os-AP2/ERF-N22 showed higher relative water content, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, wax content, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and radical scavenging activity. Drought tolerant (N22) showed higher expression of Os-AP2/ERF-N22 than the susceptible (MTU1010) cultivar. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01246-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Basic Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Amresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Tewari
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Basic Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute (SKNAU Jobner), Durgapura, Jaipur India
| | - Sushil S. Changan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of CPB and PHT, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Dong G, Xiong H, Zeng W, Li J, Du D. Ectopic Expression of the Rice Grain-Size-Affecting Gene GS5 in Maize Affects Kernel Size by Regulating Endosperm Starch Synthesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1542. [PMID: 36140710 PMCID: PMC9498353 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important food crops, and maize kernel is one of the important components of maize yield. Studies have shown that the rice grain-size affecting gene GS5 increases the thousand-kernel weight by positively regulating the rice grain width and grain grouting rate. In this study, based on the GS5 transgenic maize obtained through transgenic technology with specific expression in the endosperm, molecular assays were performed on the transformed plants. Southern blotting results showed that the GS5 gene was integrated into the maize genome in a low copy number, and RT-PCR analysis showed that the exogenous GS5 gene was normally and highly expressed in maize. The agronomic traits of two successive generations showed that certain lines were significantly improved in yield-related traits, and the most significant changes were observed in the OE-34 line, where the kernel width increased significantly by 8.99% and 10.96%, the 100-kernel weight increased by 14.10% and 10.82%, and the ear weight increased by 13.96% and 15.71%, respectively; however, no significant differences were observed in the plant height, ear height, kernel length, kernel row number, or kernel number. In addition, the overexpression of the GS5 gene increased the grain grouting rate and affected starch synthesis in the rice grains. The kernels' starch content in OE-25, OE-34, and OE-57 increased by 10.30%, 7.39%, and 6.39%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe changes in the starch granule size, and the starch granule diameter of the transgenic line(s) was significantly reduced. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of related genes in starch synthesis, and the expression of these genes was generally upregulated. It was speculated that the exogenous GS5 gene changed the size of the starch granules by regulating the expression of related genes in the starch synthesis pathway, thus increasing the starch content. The trans-GS5 gene was able to be stably expressed in the hybrids with the genetic backgrounds of the four materials, with significant increases in the kernel width, 100-kernel weight, and ear weight. In this study, the maize kernel size was significantly increased through the endosperm-specific expression of the rice GS5 gene, and good material for the functional analysis of the GS5 gene was created, which was of great importance in theory and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wanyong Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dengxiang Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Guo X, Fu Y, Lee YJ, Chern M, Li M, Cheng M, Dong H, Yuan Z, Gui L, Yin J, Qing H, Zhang C, Pu Z, Liu Y, Li W, Li W, Qi P, Chen G, Jiang Q, Ma J, Chen X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Wu Y, Liu B, Wang J. The PGS1 basic helix-loop-helix protein regulates Fl3 to impact seed growth and grain yield in cereals. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1311-1326. [PMID: 35315196 PMCID: PMC9241376 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant transcription factors (TFs), such as basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and AT-rich zinc-binding proteins (PLATZ), play critical roles in regulating the expression of developmental genes in cereals. We identified the bHLH protein TaPGS1 (T. aestivum Positive Regulator of Grain Size 1) specifically expressed in the seeds at 5-20 days post-anthesis in wheat. TaPGS1 was ectopically overexpressed (OE) in wheat and rice, leading to increased grain weight (up to 13.81% in wheat and 18.55% in rice lines) and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the starch granules in the endosperm of TaPGS1 OE wheat and rice lines were smaller and tightly embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. Furthermore, TaPGS1 was bound directly to the E-box motif at the promoter of the PLATZ TF genes TaFl3 and OsFl3 and positively regulated their expression in wheat and rice. In rice, the OsFl3 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines showed reduced average thousand-grain weight, grain width, and grain length in rice. Our results reveal that TaPGS1 functions as a valuable trait-associated gene for improving cereal grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Guo
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | | | - Mawsheng Chern
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Maolian Li
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mengping Cheng
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huixue Dong
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lixuan Gui
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hai Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chengbi Zhang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhien Pu
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Li
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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21
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Tsuda K, Suzuki T, Mimura M, Nonomura KI. Comparison of constitutive promoter activities and development of maize ubiquitin promoter- and Gateway-based binary vectors for rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:139-146. [PMID: 35937527 PMCID: PMC9300420 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In transgenic experiments, we often face fundamental requirements such as overexpressing a certain gene, developing organelle markers, testing promoter activities, introducing large genomic fragments, and combinations of them. To fulfill these multiple requirements in rice, we developed simple binary vectors with or without maize ubiquitin (UBQ) promoter, Gateway cassette and fluorescent proteins. First, we compared stabilities of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and maize UBQ promoters for constitutive gene expression in transgenic rice. We show that the 35S promoter was frequently silenced after shoot regeneration, whereas maize UBQ promoter achieved stable expression in various young tissues. Binary vectors with Gateway cassettes under the control of the UBQ promoter allowed us to develop stable organelle markers for nuclei, microtubules and P-bodies in rice. The maize UBQ promoter can be easily replaced with any promoters of interest as exemplified by reporters of mitotic cells and provascular bundles. Finally, by introducing two genomic fluorescent reporters, we showed utilities of the Gateway cassette and two selection markers in large DNA fragment transfer and sequential transformations, respectively. Thus, these binary vectors provide useful choices of transgenic experiments in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Manaki Mimura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nonomura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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22
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Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System for Efficient Gene Editing in Peanut. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101361. [PMID: 35631786 PMCID: PMC9144340 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanuts are an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. However, several limitations restrained its productivity, including biotic/abiotic stresses. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology holds a promising approach to developing new crops with improved agronomic and nutritional traits. Its application has been successful in many important crops. However, the application of this technology in peanut research is limited, probably due to the lack of suitable constructs and protocols. In this study, two different constructs were generated to induce insertion/deletion mutations in the targeted gene for a loss of function study. The first construct harbors the regular gRNA scaffold, while the second construct has the extended scaffold plus terminator. The designed gRNA targeting the coding sequence of the FAD2 genes was cloned into both constructs, and their functionality and efficiency were validated using the hairy root transformation system. Both constructs displayed insertions and deletions as the types of edits. The construct harboring the extended plus gRNA terminator showed a higher editing efficiency than the regular scaffold for monoallelic and biallelic mutations. These two constructs can be used for gene editing in peanuts and could provide tools for improving peanut lines for the benefit of peanut breeders, farmers, and industry.
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Zhang X, Jia H, Li T, Wu J, Nagarajan R, Lei L, Powers C, Kan CC, Hua W, Liu Z, Chen C, Carver BF, Yan L. TaCol-B5 modifies spike architecture and enhances grain yield in wheat. Science 2022; 376:180-183. [PMID: 35389775 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spike architecture influences grain yield in wheat. We report the map-based cloning of a gene determining the number of spikelet nodes per spike in common wheat. The cloned gene is named TaCOL-B5 and encodes a CONSTANS-like protein that is orthologous to COL5 in plant species. Constitutive overexpression of the dominant TaCol-B5 allele but without the region encoding B-boxes in a common wheat cultivar increases the number of spikelet nodes per spike and produces more tillers and spikes, thereby enhancing grain yield in transgenic plants under field conditions. Allelic variation in TaCOL-B5 results in amino acid substitutions leading to differential protein phosphorylation by the protein kinase TaK4. The TaCol-B5 allele is present in emmer wheat but is rare in a global collection of modern wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ragupathi Nagarajan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Carol Powers
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chia-Cheng Kan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Wei Hua
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Charles Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Brett F Carver
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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24
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Li C, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhang C, Yu C, Zhao T, Liu B, Li H, Liu J. OsBIC1 Directly Interacts with OsCRYs to Regulate Leaf Sheath Length through Mediating GA-Responsive Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010287. [PMID: 35008710 PMCID: PMC8745657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2) are blue light receptors involved in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, and flowering time in Arabidopsisthaliana. Two cryptochrome-interacting proteins, Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (BIC1 and BIC2), have been found in Arabidopsis. BIC1 plays critical roles in suppressing the physiological activities of CRY2, which include the blue light-dependent dimerization, phosphorylation, photobody formation, and degradation process, but the functional characterization of BIC protein in other crops has not yet been performed. To investigate the function of BIC protein in rice (Oryza sativa), two homologous genes of Arabidopsis BIC1 and BIC2, namely OsBIC1 and OsBIC2 (OsBICs), were identified. The overexpression of OsBIC1 and OsBIC2 led to increased leaf sheath length, whereas mutations in OsBIC1 displayed shorter leaf sheath in a blue light intensity-dependent manner. OsBIC1 regulated blue light-induced leaf sheath elongation through direct interaction with OsCRY1a, OsCRY1b, and OsCRY2 (OsCRYs). Longitudinal sections of the second leaf sheath demonstrated that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs controlled leaf sheath length by influencing the ratio of epidermal cells with different lengths. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis further proved that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs regulated similar transcriptome changes in regulating Gibberellic Acids (GA)-responsive pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that OsBIC1 and OsCRYs worked together to regulate epidermal cell elongation and control blue light-induced leaf sheath elongation through the GA-responsive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Liya Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Chunsheng Yu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Tao Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.L.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.Z.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.L.)
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Li S, Cao L, Chen X, Liu Y, Persson S, Hu J, Chen M, Chen Z, Zhang D, Yuan Z. Synthetic biosensor for mapping dynamic responses and spatio-temporal distribution of jasmonate in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2392-2394. [PMID: 34601785 PMCID: PMC8633495 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lichun Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yilin Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Staffan Persson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department for Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology DepartmentMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zibo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideUrrbraeSAAustralia
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Cheng J, Wei F, Zhang M, Li N, Song T, Wang Y, Chen D, Xiang J, Zhang X. Identification of a 193 bp promoter region of TaNRX1-D gene from common wheat that contributes to osmotic or ABA stress inducibility in transgenic Arabidopsis. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1035-1048. [PMID: 34143419 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cloning and characterizing the drought-inducible promoters is essential for their use in crop resistance's genetic improvement. Previous studies have shown that the TaNRX1-D gene participates in regulating the response of wheat to drought stress. However, its promoter has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to characterize the promoter of the TaNRX1-D gene. METHODS The promoter of TaNRX1-D (named P0, 2081 bp) was isolated from common wheat with several cis-acting elements that regulate in response to abiotic stresses and some core cis-acting elements. Functional verification of the promoter, eight 5'-deletion fragments of TaNRX1-D promoter, was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene P0::GUS ~ P7::GUS and transformed into Arabidopsis, respectively. Agrobacterium-mediated GUS transient assay the P6a and P6b promoter regions in tobacco leaves under normal, osmotic or ABA stress. RESULTS Activity analysis of the full-length promoter (P0) showed that the intensity of stronger β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining in the roots and leaves was obtained during the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis. P0::GUS displayed the GUS activity was much higher in the roots and leaves than in other parts of the transgenic plant under normal conditions, which was similarly within wheat. Analysis of the 5'-deletion fragments revealed that P0::GUS ~ P6::GUS responded well upon exposure to osmotic (polyethylene glycol-6000, PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA) stress treatments and expressed significantly higher GUS activity than the CaMV35S promoter (35S::GUS), while P7::GUS did not. GUS transient assay in tobacco leaves showed that the GUS activities of P6a and P6b were lower than P6 in the PEG6000 and ABA stresses. CONCLUSION The 193 bp (P6) segment was considered the core region of TaNRX1-D responding to PEG6000 or ABA treatment. GUS activity assay in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that this segment was sufficient for the PEG6000 or ABA stress response. The identified 193 bp promoter of TaNRX1-D in this study will help breed osmotic or ABA tolerant crops. The 36 bp segment between P6 and P6b (-193 to -157 bp) was considered the critical sequence for the TaNRX1-D gene responding to PEG6000 or ABA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chi Feng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Nan Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chi Feng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- The Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Protection & Exploitation and Utilization of Animal and Plant Resources in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Chi Feng University, Chifeng, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wytynck P, Lambin J, Chen S, Demirel Asci S, Verbeke I, De Zaeytijd J, Subramanyam K, Van Damme EJ. Effect of RIP Overexpression on Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Development of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1434. [PMID: 33535383 PMCID: PMC7867109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a class of cytotoxic enzymes that can inhibit protein translation by depurinating rRNA. Most plant RIPs are synthesized with a leader sequence that sequesters the proteins to a cell compartment away from the host ribosomes. However, several rice RIPs lack these signal peptides suggesting they reside in the cytosol in close proximity to the plant ribosomes. This paper aims to elucidate the physiological function of two nucleocytoplasmic RIPs from rice, in particular, the type 1 RIP referred to as OsRIP1 and a presumed type 3 RIP called nuRIP. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing these RIPs were constructed and studied for developmental effects resulting from this overexpression under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the performance of transgenic seedlings in response to drought, salt, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment was investigated. Results suggest that both RIPs can affect methyl jasmonate mediated stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Wytynck
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Jeroen Lambin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Simin Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Sinem Demirel Asci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Jeroen De Zaeytijd
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Kondeti Subramanyam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Els J.M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Liu S, Liu C, Wang X, Chen H. Seed-specific activity of the Arabidopsis β-glucosidase 19 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:213-221. [PMID: 33099669 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana β-glucosidase 19 gene directs GUS expression in a seed-specific manner in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. In the present study, an 898-bp putative promoter of the Arabidopsis β-glucosidase 19 (AtBGLU19) gene was cloned. The bioinformatics analysis of the cis-acting elements indicated that this putative promoter contains many seed-specific elements, such as RY elements. The features of this promoter fragment were evaluated for the capacity to direct the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. Histochemical and fluorometric GUS analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis plants revealed that the AtBGLU19 promoter directed strong GUS activity in late-maturing seeds and dry seeds, whereas no GUS expression was observed in other organs. The results indicated that the AtBGLU19 promoter was able to direct GUS expression in a seed-specific manner in transgenic Arabidopsis. In tobacco, the intensity of the staining and the level of GUS activity were considerably higher in the seeds than in the other tissues. These results further confirmed that the AtBGLU19 promoter is seed specific and can be used to control transgene expression in a heterologous plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Changju Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
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Milner MJ, Craze M, Hope MS, Wallington EJ. Turning Up the Temperature on CRISPR: Increased Temperature Can Improve the Editing Efficiency of Wheat Using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583374. [PMID: 33324433 PMCID: PMC7726164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has transformed our ability to target and edit designated regions of a genome. It's broad adaptability to any organism has led to countless advancements in our understanding of many biological processes. Many current tools are designed for simple plant systems such as diploid species, however, efficient deployment in crop species requires a greater efficiency of editing as these often contain polyploid genomes. Here, we examined the role of temperature to understand if CRISPR/Cas9 editing efficiency can be improved in wheat. The recent finding that plant growth under higher temperatures could increase mutation rates was tested with Cas9 expressed from two different promoters in wheat. Increasing the temperature of the tissue culture or of the seed germination and early growth phase increases the frequency of mutation in wheat when the Cas9 enzyme is driven by the ZmUbi promoter but not OsActin. In contrast, Cas9 expression driven by the OsActin promoter did not increase the mutations detected in either transformed lines or during the transformation process itself. These results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 editing efficiency can be significantly increased in a polyploid cereal species with a simple change in growth conditions to facilitate increased mutations for the creation of homozygous or null knock-outs.
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30
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He Y, Zhang T, Sun H, Zhan H, Zhao Y. A reporter for noninvasively monitoring gene expression and plant transformation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:152. [PMID: 33024566 PMCID: PMC7502077 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reporters have been widely used to visualize gene expression, protein localization, and other cellular activities, but the commonly used reporters require special equipment, expensive chemicals, or invasive treatments. Here, we construct a new reporter RUBY that converts tyrosine to vividly red betalain, which is clearly visible to naked eyes without the need of using special equipment or chemical treatments. We show that RUBY can be used to noninvasively monitor gene expression in plants. Furthermore, we show that RUBY is an effective selection marker for transformation events in both rice and Arabidopsis. The new reporter will be especially useful for monitoring cellular activities in large crop plants such as a fruit tree under field conditions and for observing transformation and gene expression in tissue culture under sterile conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 USA
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335 USA
| | - Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 USA
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31
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Garagounis C, Beritza K, Georgopoulou ME, Sonawane P, Haralampidis K, Goossens A, Aharoni A, Papadopoulou KK. A hairy-root transformation protocol for Trigonella foenum-graecum L. as a tool for metabolic engineering and specialised metabolite pathway elucidation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:451-462. [PMID: 32659648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of genetic transformation methods is critical for enabling the thorough characterization of an organism and is a key step in exploiting any species as a platform for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches. In this work we describe the development of an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation protocol for the crop and medicinal legume fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Fenugreek has a rich and diverse content in bioactive specialised metabolites, notably diosgenin, which is a common precursor for synthetic human hormone production. This makes fenugreek a prime target for identification and engineering of specific biosynthetic pathways for the production of triterpene and steroidal saponins, phenolics, and galactomanans. Through this transformation protocol, we identified a suitable promoter for robust transgene expression in fenugreek. Finally, we establish the proof of principle for the utility of the fenugreek system for metabolic engineering programs, by heterologous expression of known triterpene saponin biosynthesis regulators from the related legume Medicago truncatula in fenugreek hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Garagounis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Beritza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Georgopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Prashant Sonawane
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Faculty of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701, Athens, Greece
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
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32
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CRISPR-Cas9 System for Plant Genome Editing: Current Approaches and Emerging Developments. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 has been widely adopted as a genetic engineering tool in various biological systems. This editing technology has been in the limelight due to its simplicity and versatility compared to other previously known genome editing platforms. Several modifications of this editing system have been established for adoption in a variety of plants, as well as for its improved efficiency and portability, bringing new opportunities for the development of transgene-free improved varieties of economically important crops. This review presents an overview of CRISPR-Cas9 and its application in plant genome editing. A catalog of the current and emerging approaches for the implementation of the system in plants is also presented with details on the existing gaps and limitations. Strategies for the establishment of the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular construct such as the selection of sgRNAs, PAM compatibility, choice of promoters, vector architecture, and multiplexing approaches are emphasized. Progress in the delivery and transgene detection methods, together with optimization approaches for improved on-target efficiency are also detailed in this review. The information laid out here will provide options useful for the effective and efficient exploitation of the system for plant genome editing and will serve as a baseline for further developments of the system. Future combinations and fine-tuning of the known parameters or factors that contribute to the editing efficiency, fidelity, and portability of CRISPR-Cas9 will indeed open avenues for new technological advancements of the system for targeted gene editing in plants.
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33
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Luginbuehl LH, El‐Sharnouby S, Wang N, Hibberd JM. Fluorescent reporters for functional analysis in rice leaves. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00188. [PMID: 32072132 PMCID: PMC7011658 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent reporters have facilitated non-invasive imaging in multiple plant species and thus allowed the analysis of processes ranging from gene expression and protein localization to cellular patterning. However, in rice, a globally important crop and model species, there are relatively few reports of fluorescent proteins being used in leaves. Fluorescence imaging is particularly difficult in the rice leaf blade, likely due to a high degree of light scattering in this tissue. To address this, we investigated approaches to improve deep imaging in mature rice leaf blades. We found that ClearSee treatment, which has previously been used to visualize fluorescent reporters in whole tissues of plants, led to improved imaging in rice. Removing epidermal and subtending mesophyll cell layers was faster than ClearSee and also reduced light scattering such that imaging of fluorescent proteins in deeper leaf layers was possible. To expand the range of fluorescent proteins suitable for imaging in rice, we screened twelve whose spectral profiles spanned most of the visible spectrum. This identified five proteins (mTurquoise2, mNeonGreen, mClover3, mKOκ, and tdTomato) that are robustly expressed and detectable in mesophyll cells of stably transformed plants. Using microparticle bombardment, we show that mTurquoise2 and mNeonGreen can be used for simultaneous multicolor imaging of different subcellular compartments. Overall, we conclude that mTurquoise2, mNeonGreen, mClover3, mKOκ, and tdTomato are suitable for high-resolution live imaging of rice leaves, both after transient and stable transformation. Along with the rapid microparticle bombardment method, which allows transient transformation of major cell types in the leaf blade, these fluorescent reporters should greatly facilitate the analysis of gene expression and cell biology in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Wang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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34
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Lee SK, Kim H, Cho JI, Nguyen CD, Moon S, Park JE, Park HR, Huh JH, Jung KH, Guiderdoni E, Jeon JS. Deficiency of rice hexokinase HXK5 impairs synthesis and utilization of starch in pollen grains and causes male sterility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:116-125. [PMID: 31671177 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is little known about the function of rice hexokinases (HXKs) in planta. We characterized hxk5-1, a Tos17 mutant of OsHXK5 that is up-regulated in maturing pollen, a stage when starch accumulates. Progeny analysis of self-pollinated heterozygotes of hxk5-1 and reciprocal crosses between the wild-type and heterozygotes revealed that loss of HXK5 causes male sterility. Homozygous hxk5-1, produced via anther culture, and additional homozygous hxk5-2, hxk5-3 and hxk5-4 lines created by CRISPR/Cas9 confirmed the male-sterile phenotype. In vitro pollen germination ability and in vivo pollen tube growth rate were significantly reduced in the hxk5 mutant pollen. Biochemical analysis of anthers with the mutant pollen revealed significantly reduced hexokinase activity and starch content, although they were sufficient to produce some viable seed. However, the mutant pollen was unable to compete successfully against wild-type pollen. Expression of the catalytically inactive OsHXK5-G113D did not rescue the hxk5 male-sterile phenotype, indicating that its catalytic function was responsible for pollen fertility, rather than its role in sugar sensing and signaling. Our results demonstrate that OsHXK5 contributes to a large portion of the hexokinase activity necessary for the starch utilization pathway during pollen germination and tube growth, as well as for starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyunbi Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Cong Danh Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Rang Park
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoe Huh
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD INRA Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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35
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Fan C, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wang Y, Feng S, Luo K, Peng L. Sucrose Synthase Enhances Hull Size and Grain Weight by Regulating Cell Division and Starch Accumulation in Transgenic Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204971. [PMID: 31600873 PMCID: PMC6829484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain size and weight are two important determinants of grain yield in rice. Although overexpression of sucrose synthase (SUS) genes has led to several improvements on cellulose and starch-based traits in transgenic crops, little is reported about SUS enhancement of hull size and grain weight in rice. In this study, we selected transgenic rice plants that overexpressed OsSUS1-6 genes driven with the maize Ubi promoter. Compared to the controls (wild type and empty vector line), all independent OsSUS homozygous transgenic lines exhibited considerably increased grain yield and grain weights. Using the representative OsSUS3 overexpressed transgenic plants, four independent homozygous lines showed much raised cell numbers for larger hull sizes, consistent with their enhanced primary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis and postponed secondary wall synthesis. Accordingly, the OsSUS3 transgenic lines contained much larger endosperm volume and higher starch levels than those of the controls in the mature grains, leading to increased brown grain weights by 15–19%. Hence, the results have demonstrated that OsSUS overexpression could significantly improve hull size and grain weight by dynamically regulating cell division and starch accumulation in the transgenic rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfen Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guangya Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shengqiu Feng
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Identification of a 119-bp Promoter of the Maize Sulfite Oxidase Gene ( ZmSO) That Confers High-Level Gene Expression and ABA or Drought Inducibility in Transgenic Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133326. [PMID: 31284569 PMCID: PMC6651508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought adversely affects crop growth and yields. The cloning and characterization of drought- or abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible promoters is of great significance for their utilization in the genetic improvement of crop resistance. Our previous studies have shown that maize sulfite oxidase (SO) has a sulfite-oxidizing function and is involved in the drought stress response. However, the promoter of the maize SO gene has not yet been characterized. In this study, the promoter (ZmSOPro, 1194 bp upstream region of the translation initiation site) was isolated from the maize genome. The in-silico analysis of the ZmSOPro promoter identified several cis-elements responsive to the phytohormone ABA and drought stress such as ABA-responsive element (ABRE) and MYB binding site (MBS), besides a number of core cis-acting elements, such as TATA-box and CAAT-box. A 5′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assay identified an adenine residue as the transcription start site of the ZmSO. The ZmSOPro activity was detected by β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining at nearly all developmental stages and in most plant organs, except for the roots in transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, its activity was significantly induced by ABA and drought stress. The 5′-deletion mutant analysis of the ZmSOPro in tobacco plants revealed that a 119-bp fragment in the ZmSOPro (upstream of the transcription start site) is a minimal region, which is required for its high-level expression. Moreover, the minimal ZmSOPro was significantly activated by ABA or drought stress in transgenic plants. Further mutant analysis indicated that the MBS element in the minimal ZmSOPro region (119 bp upstream of the transcription start site) is responsible for ABA and drought-stress induced expression. These results improve our understanding of the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the ZmSO gene, and the characterized 119-bp promoter fragment could be an ideal candidate for drought-tolerant gene engineering in both monocot and dicot crops.
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Li Y, Li C, Cheng L, Yu S, Shen C, Pan Y. Over-expression of OsPT2 under a rice root specific promoter Os03g01700. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:52-57. [PMID: 30641408 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of root-specific promoters is a good method to drive root-specific gene expression for nutrient uptake. Constitutive over-expression of OsPT2 may have negative effects on the growth of rice seedlings under high Pi condition. Thus, characterization and utilization of root-specific promoters are critical for genetic breeding. Here, a root-specific promoter (Os03g01700) with a number of specific regulatory elements has been confirmed. Interestingly, cis-regulatory element S449 is significantly enriched in the -1475∼-2013 bp and -1077∼-1475 bp regions of Os03g01700 promoter. The activities of several deletion derivatives of Os03g01700 promoter were analyzed using both transient expression and genetic transformation system. The results showed that the root-specific cis-acting elements might be present in the -2013 bp~-1475 bp and -1077 bp~-561 bp regions of Os03g01700 promoter. To determine the actual effect of root-specific expression of OsPT2, a construction consisting of Os03g01700 promoter and OsPT2 CDS was used to transform rice. Under Pi-sufficient condition, there were a series of symptoms of phosphorus toxicity in the shoots of OsPT2 over-expressing (Ov-OsPT2) seedlings. Under Pi-deficient condition, more soluble Pi was accumulated in the shoots of Ov-OsPT2 seedlings than that in the wild type. Our data provide a candidate root-specific promoter in the breeding of rice with high phosphorus uptake variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanya Li
- College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Caixia Li
- Lab Center of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Lizhong Cheng
- Lab Center of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yu
- College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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Zhang L, Routsong R, Strand SE. Greatly Enhanced Removal of Volatile Organic Carcinogens by a Genetically Modified Houseplant, Pothos Ivy ( Epipremnum aureum) Expressing the Mammalian Cytochrome P450 2e1 Gene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:325-331. [PMID: 30565461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The indoor air in urban homes of developed countries is usually contaminated with significant levels of volatile organic carcinogens (VOCs), such as formaldehyde, benzene, and chloroform. There is a need for a practical, sustainable technology for the removal of VOCs in homes. Here we show that a detoxifying transgene, mammalian cytochrome P450 2e1 can be expressed in a houseplant, Epipremnum aureum, pothos ivy, and that the resulting genetically modified plant has sufficient detoxifying activity against benzene and chloroform to suggest that biofilters using transgenic plants could remove VOCs from home air at useful rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Box 355014, Seattle , Washington 98195-5014 , United States
| | - Ryan Routsong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Box 355014, Seattle , Washington 98195-5014 , United States
| | - Stuart E Strand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Box 355014, Seattle , Washington 98195-5014 , United States
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Ali S, Kim WC. A Fruitful Decade Using Synthetic Promoters in the Improvement of Transgenic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1433. [PMID: 31737027 PMCID: PMC6838210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in plant biotechnology provide various means to improve crop productivity and greatly contributing to sustainable agriculture. A significant advance in plant biotechnology has been the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise spatial and temporal control of transgene expression. In this article, we review the development of various synthetic promotors and the rise of their use over the last several decades for regulating the transcription of various transgenes. Similarly, we provided a brief description of the structure and scope of synthetic promoters and the engineering of their cis-regulatory elements for different targets. Moreover, the functional characteristics of different synthetic promoters, their modes of regulating the expression of candidate genes in response to different conditions, and the resulting plant trait improvements reported in the past decade are discussed.
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Yu H, Khalid MHB, Lu F, Sun F, Qu J, Liu B, Li W, Fu F. Isolation and identification of a vegetative organ-specific promoter from maize. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:277-287. [PMID: 30804649 PMCID: PMC6352524 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the unregulated overexpression of the exogenous genes, specific or inducible expression is necessary for some exogenous genes in transgenic plants. But little is known about organ- or tissue-specific promoters in maize. In the present study, the expression of a maize pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein encoding gene, GRMZM2G129783, was analyzed by RNA-sequencing data and confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. The results showed that the PPR GRMZM2G129783 gene specifically expressed in vegetative organs. Consequently, a 1830 bp sequence upstream of the start codon of the promoter for GRMZM2G129783 gene was isolated from maize genome (P 1830 ). To validate whether the promoter possesses the vegetative organ-specificity, the full-length and three 5'-end deletion fragments of P 1830 of different length (1387, 437, and 146 bp) were fused with glucuronidase (GUS) gene to generate promoter::GUS constructs and transformed into tobacco. The transient expression and fluorometric GUS assay in transgenic tobacco showed that all promoter could drive the expression of the GUS gene, the - 437 to - 146 bp region possessed some crucial elements for root-specific expression, and the shortest and optimal sequence to maintain transcription activity was 146 and 437 bp in length, respectively. These results indicate that the promoter of the PPR GRMZM2G129783 gene is a vegetative organ-specific promoter and will be useful in transgenic modification of commercial crops for moderate specific expression after further evaluation in monocotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoQiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - FengZhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - FuAi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - JingTao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - BingLiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - WanChen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - FengLing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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Jiang P, Zhang K, Ding Z, He Q, Li W, Zhu S, Cheng W, Zhang K, Li K. Characterization of a strong and constitutive promoter from the Arabidopsis serine carboxypeptidase-like gene AtSCPL30 as a potential tool for crop transgenic breeding. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:59. [PMID: 30241468 PMCID: PMC6151023 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic technology has become an important technique for crop genetic improvement. The application of well-characterized promoters is essential for developing a vector system for efficient genetic transformation. Therefore, isolation and functional validation of more alternative constitutive promoters to the CaMV35S promoter is highly desirable. RESULTS In this study, a 2093-bp sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG of AtSCPL30 was isolated as the full-length promoter (PD1). To characterize the AtSCPL30 promoter (PD1) and eight 5' deleted fragments (PD2-PD9) of different lengths were fused with GUS to produce the promoter::GUS plasmids and were translocated into Nicotiana benthamiana. PD1-PD9 could confer strong and constitutive expression of transgenes in almost all tissues and development stages in Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants. Additionally, PD2-PD7 drove transgene expression consistently over twofold higher than the well-used CaMV35S promoter under normal and stress conditions. Among them, PD7 was only 456 bp in length, and its transcriptional activity was comparable to that of PD2-PD6. Moreover, GUS transient assay in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the 162-bp (- 456~ - 295 bp) and 111-bp (- 294~ - 184 bp) fragments from the AtSCPL30 promoter could increase the transcriptional activity of mini35S up to 16- and 18-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As a small constitutive strong promoter of plant origin, PD7 has the advantage of biosafety and reduces the probability of transgene silencing compared to the virus-derived CaMV35S promoter. PD7 would also be an alternative constitutive promoter to the CaMV35S promoter when multigene transformation was performed in the same vector, thereby avoiding the overuse of the CaMV35S promoter and allowing for the successful application of transgenic technology. And, the 162- and 111-bp fragments will also be very useful for synthetic promoter design based on their high enhancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wendi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
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Guidelli GV, Mattiello L, Gallinari RH, Lucca PCD, Menossi M. pGVG: a new Gateway-compatible vector for transformation of sugarcane and other monocot crops. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:450-454. [PMID: 30088611 PMCID: PMC6082244 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful development of genetically engineered monocots using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has created an increasing demand for compatible vectors. We have developed a new expression vector, pGVG, for efficient transformation and expression of different constructs for gene overexpression and silencing in sugarcane. The pCAMBIA2300 binary vector was modified by adding Gateway recombination sites for fast gene transfer between vectors and the maize polyubiquitin promoter Ubi-1 (ZmUbi1), which is known to drive high gene expression levels in monocots. Transformation efficiency using the pGVG vector reached up to 14 transgenic events per gram of transformed callus. Transgenic plants expressing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene from pGVG showed high levels of GUS activity. qRT-PCR evaluations demonstrated success for both overexpression and hairpin-based silencing cassettes. Therefore, pGVG is suitable for plant transformation and subsequent applications for high-throughput production of stable transgenic sugarcane. The use of an expression cassette based on the ZmUbi1 promoter opens the possibility of using pGVG in other monocot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna V Guidelli
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mattiello
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael H Gallinari
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Lucca
- PangeiaBiotech, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Laboratório de Genoma Funcional, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Luo S, Luo T, Liu Y, Li Z, Fan S, Wu C. N-terminus plus linker domain of Mg-chelatase D subunit is essential for Mg-chelatase activity in Oryza sativa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:749-755. [PMID: 29462612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mg chelatase, a key enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis, is comprised of I, D and H subunits. Among these subunits, the D subunit was regarded to mediate protein interactions due to its unique protein domains. However, the functional roles of the different domains of the D subunit in vivo remain unclear. In this study, we dissected the rice (Oryza sativa) D subunit (OsCHLD) into three peptide fragments: the putative chloroplast transit peptide (TP, Met1 to Arg45), the N-terminus plus linker domain (OsCHLDN + L, Ala46 to Leu485) and the C-terminus (OsCHLDC, Ile486 to Ser754), to explore the roles of these fragments. The results of the yeast two-hybrid assay and the in vitro reconstitution of the Mg-chelatase activity showed that only OsCHLDN + L interacted with the I and H subunits and maintained most of the Mg-chelatase activity in vitro. Furthermore, artificial TP-OsCHLDN + L and TP-OsCHLDC were overexpressed in rice. Interestingly, an incomplete co-suppression had occurred in both of the overexpressed (OsCHLDN + L-ox and OsCHLDC-ox) plants, resulting in a significantly downregulated expression of endogenous OsCHLD. Therefore, these transgenic plants had adequate OsCHLDN + L and OsCHLDC instead of endogenous OsCHLD, providing ideal models to study the function of different domains of the D subunit in vivo. The OsCHLDN + L-ox plants showed an identical phenotype to that of the wild type, while the OsCHLDC-ox plants demonstrated a yellowish phenotype that resembled the D subunit mutants. These results indicated that only OsCHLDN + L could complement the function of endogenous OsCHLD, providing direct evidence that OsCHLDN + L is essential for Mg-chelatase activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Luo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yinan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zunwen Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Shuying Fan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Caijun Wu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
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Gonzalez DO, Church JB, Robinson A, Connell JP, Sopko M, Rowland B, Woodall K, Larsen CM, Davies JP. Expression characterization of the herbicide tolerance gene Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase (aad-1) controlled by seven combinations of regulatory elements. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 29334902 PMCID: PMC5769356 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Availability of well characterized maize regulatory elements for gene expression in a variety of tissues and developmental stages provides effective alternatives for single and multigene transgenic concepts. We studied the expression of the herbicide tolerance gene aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (aad-1) driven by seven different regulatory element construct designs including the ubiquitin promoters of maize and rice, the actin promoters of melon and rice, three different versions of the Sugarcane Bacilliform Badnavirus promoters in association with other regulatory elements of gene expression. RESULTS Gene expression of aad-1 was characterized at the transcript and protein levels in a collection of maize tissues and developmental stages. Protein activity against its target herbicide was characterized by herbicide dosage response. Although differences in transcript and protein accumulation were observed among the different constructs tested, all events were tolerant to commercially relevant rates of quizalafop-P-ethyl compared to non-traited maize under greenhouse conditions. DISCUSSION The data reported demonstrate how different regulatory elements affect transcript and protein accumulation and how these molecular characteristics translate into the level of herbicide tolerance. The level of transcript detected did not reflect the amount of protein quantified in a particular tissue since protein accumulation may be influenced not only by levels of transcript produced but also by translation rate, post-translational regulation mechanisms and protein stability. The amount of AAD-1 enzyme produced with all constructs tested showed sufficient enzymatic activity to detoxify the herbicide and prevent most herbicidal damage at field-relevant levels without having a negative effect on plant health. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive profiles of aad-1 transcript and protein accumulation were observed when different regulatory elements were utilized in the constructs under study. The ZmUbi and the SCBV constructs showed the most consistent robust tolerance, while the melon actin construct provided the lowest level of tolerance compared to the other regulatory elements used in this study. These data provide insights into the effects of differing levels of gene expression and how these molecular characteristics translate into the level of herbicide tolerance. Furthermore, these data provide valuable information to optimize future designs of single and multiple gene constructs for maize research and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff B. Church
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - James P. Connell
- Current address: Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Megan Sopko
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Boyd Rowland
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Kristina Woodall
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Cory M. Larsen
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - John P. Davies
- Dow AgroSciences, LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
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Li J, Qin R, Xu R, Li H, Yang Y, Li L, Wei P, Yang J. Isolation and identification of five cold-inducible promoters from Oryza sativa. PLANTA 2018; 247:99-111. [PMID: 28879616 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Five promoters of the cold-inducible rice genes were isolated. The quantitative and qualitative expression analyses in the high generation transgenic rice suggest that the genes are stably induced by low temperature. Cold-inducible promoters are highly desirable for stress-inducible gene expression in crop genetic engineering. In this study, five rice genes, including OsABA8ox1, OsMYB1R35, OsERF104, OsCYP19-4, and OsABCB5, were found to be transcriptionally induced by cold stress. The promoters of these five genes were isolated, and their activities were identified in various tissues of transgenic rice plants at different growth stages both before and after cold stress. Histochemical staining, quantitative fluorescence assays, and GUSplus gene expression assays in corresponding promoter-GUSplus transgenic rice plants confirmed that the five promoters were cold-inducible with different expression patterns and strengths. The OsABA8ox1 and OsERF104 promoters had very low background expression; in contrast, the OsMYB1R35 promoter had higher basal activity in the roots, and OsCYP19-4 promoter activity was preferentially high in leaves and flowers of untreated transgenic lines. The OsABCB5 promoter had the highest basal activity among the five promoters. After cold induction, the activities of the OsABA8ox1, OsMYB1R35, and OsABCB5 promoters were high in both roots and leaves, slightly lower than that of the constitutively expressed OsActin1 promoter but comparable to that of the AtRD29A promoter. During the cold treatment time course, the activities of OsABA8ox1 and OsABCB5 promoters were quickly up-regulated in the early period and peaked at 24 h, after which the induction level gradually decreased until 48 h. The activities of the OsMYB1R35 and OsCYP19-4 promoters increased under stress in a time-dependent manner, while OsERF104 promoter activity began to increase at 4 h and then decreased strongly. Furthermore, activities' analysis in T3, T4, and T5 homozygous progeny of single-copy plants revealed that five promoters maintained their activities at comparable levels with no evidence of silencing under cold stress. Overall, the five cold-inducible rice promoters described herein could potentially be used in crop biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ruiying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Rongfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yachun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Abstract
Promoters regulate gene expression, and are essential biotechnology tools. Since its introduction in the mid-1990s, biotechnology has greatly enhanced maize productivity primarily through the development of insect control and herbicide tolerance traits. Additional biotechnology applications include improving seed nutrient composition, industrial protein production, therapeutic production, disease resistance, abiotic stress resistance, and yield enhancement. Biotechnology has also greatly expanded basic research into important mechanisms that govern plant growth and reproduction. Many novel promoters have been developed to facilitate this work, but only a few are widely used. Transgene optimization includes a variety of strategies some of which effect promoter structure. Recent reviews examine the state of the art with respect to transgene design for biotechnology applications. This chapter examines the use of transgene technology in maize, focusing on the way promoters are selected and used. The impact of new developments in genomic technology on promoter structure is also discussed.
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Aggarwal P, Challa KR, Rath M, Sunkara P, Nath U. Generation of Inducible Transgenic Lines of Arabidopsis Transcription Factors Regulated by MicroRNAs. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1830:61-79. [PMID: 30043364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8657-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors play key regulatory roles in all the life processes across kingdoms. In plants, the genome of a typical model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana encodes over 1500 transcription factors that regulate the expression dynamics of all the genes in time and space. Therefore, studying their function by analyzing the loss and gain-of-function lines is of prime importance in basic plant biology and its agricultural application. However, the current approach of knocking out genes often causes embryonic lethal phenotype, while inactivating one or two members of a redundant gene family yields little phenotypic changes, thereby making the functional analysis a technically challenging task. In such cases, inducible knock-down or overexpression of transcription factors appears to be a more effective approach. Restricting the transcription factors in the cytoplasm by fusing them with animal glucocorticoid/estrogen receptors (GR/ER) and then re-localizing them to the nucleus by external application of animal hormone analogues has been a useful method of gene function analysis in the model plants. In this chapter, we describe the recent advancements in the GR and ER expression systems and their use in analyzing the function of transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Monalisha Rath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Preethi Sunkara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Wang P, Khoshravesh R, Karki S, Tapia R, Balahadia CP, Bandyopadhyay A, Quick WP, Furbank R, Sage TL, Langdale JA. Re-creation of a Key Step in the Evolutionary Switch from C 3 to C 4 Leaf Anatomy. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3278-3287.e6. [PMID: 29056456 PMCID: PMC5678070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The C4 photosynthetic pathway accounts for ∼25% of primary productivity on the planet despite being used by only 3% of species. Because C4 plants are higher yielding than C3 plants, efforts are underway to introduce the C4 pathway into the C3 crop rice. This is an ambitious endeavor; however, the C4 pathway evolved from C3 on multiple independent occasions over the last 30 million years, and steps along the trajectory are evident in extant species. One approach toward engineering C4 rice is to recapitulate this trajectory, one of the first steps of which was a change in leaf anatomy. The transition from C3 to so-called "proto-Kranz" anatomy requires an increase in organelle volume in sheath cells surrounding leaf veins. Here we induced chloroplast and mitochondrial development in rice vascular sheath cells through constitutive expression of maize GOLDEN2-LIKE genes. Increased organelle volume was accompanied by the accumulation of photosynthetic enzymes and by increased intercellular connections. This suite of traits reflects that seen in "proto-Kranz" species, and, as such, a key step toward engineering C4 rice has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Roxana Khoshravesh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Shanta Karki
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos 4030, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Ronald Tapia
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos 4030, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - C Paolo Balahadia
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos 4030, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos 4030, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - W Paul Quick
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos 4030, Laguna, the Philippines; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert Furbank
- CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tammy L Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada.
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
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Ghneim-Herrera T, Selvaraj MG, Meynard D, Fabre D, Peña A, Ben Romdhane W, Ben Saad R, Ogawa S, Rebolledo MC, Ishitani M, Tohme J, Al-Doss A, Guiderdoni E, Hassairi A. Expression of the Aeluropus littoralis AlSAP Gene Enhances Rice Yield under Field Drought at the Reproductive Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:994. [PMID: 28659945 PMCID: PMC5466986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the yields of Oryza sativa L. 'Nipponbare' rice lines expressing a gene encoding an A20/AN1 domain stress-associated protein, AlSAP, from the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis under the control of different promoters. Three independent field trials were conducted, with drought imposed at the reproductive stage. In all trials, the two transgenic lines, RN5 and RN6, consistently out-performed non-transgenic (NT) and wild-type (WT) controls, providing 50-90% increases in grain yield (GY). Enhancement of tillering and panicle fertility contributed to this improved GY under drought. In contrast with physiological records collected during previous greenhouse dry-down experiments, where drought was imposed at the early tillering stage, we did not observe significant differences in photosynthetic parameters, leaf water potential, or accumulation of antioxidants in flag leaves of AlSAP-lines subjected to drought at flowering. However, AlSAP expression alleviated leaf rolling and leaf drying induced by drought, resulting in increased accumulation of green biomass. Therefore, the observed enhanced performance of the AlSAP-lines subjected to drought at the reproductive stage can be tentatively ascribed to a primed status of the transgenic plants, resulting from a higher accumulation of biomass during vegetative growth, allowing reserve remobilization and maintenance of productive tillering and grain filling. Under irrigated conditions, the overall performance of AlSAP-lines was comparable with, or even significantly better than, the NT and WT controls. Thus, AlSAP expression inflicted no penalty on rice yields under optimal growth conditions. Our results support the use of AlSAP transgenics to reduce rice GY losses under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donaldo Meynard
- UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Denis Fabre
- UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Alexandra Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad IcesiCali, Colombia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- International Center for Tropical AgricultureCali, Colombia
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Department of Global Agricultural Science, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Joe Tohme
- International Center for Tropical AgricultureCali, Colombia
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le DéveloppementMontpellier, France
| | - Afif Hassairi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biotechnology of SfaxSfax, Tunisia
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Zhang L, Routsong R, Nguyen Q, Rylott EL, Bruce NC, Strand SE. Expression in grasses of multiple transgenes for degradation of munitions compounds on live-fire training ranges. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:624-633. [PMID: 27862819 PMCID: PMC5399000 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of toxic munitions compounds, such as hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX), on soils around targets in live-fire training ranges is an important source of groundwater contamination. Plants take up RDX but do not significantly degrade it. Reported here is the transformation of two perennial grass species, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), with the genes for degradation of RDX. These species possess a number of agronomic traits making them well equipped for the uptake and removal of RDX from root zone leachates. Transformation vectors were constructed with xplA and xplB, which confer the ability to degrade RDX, and nfsI, which encodes a nitroreductase for the detoxification of the co-contaminating explosive 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The vectors were transformed into the grass species using Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. All transformed grass lines showing high transgene expression levels removed significantly more RDX from hydroponic solutions and retained significantly less RDX in their leaf tissues than wild-type plants. Soil columns planted with the best-performing switchgrass line were able to prevent leaching of RDX through a 0.5-m root zone. These plants represent a promising plant biotechnology to sustainably remove RDX from training range soil, thus preventing contamination of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Ryan Routsong
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | - Stuart E. Strand
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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