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Up-regulated microRNA-218-5p ameliorates the damage of dopaminergic neurons in rats with Parkinson's disease via suppression of LASP1. Brain Res Bull 2020; 166:92-101. [PMID: 33144090 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent degenerative disease of the nervous system with undefined pathogenesis. This study explored the protective effect of microRNA (miR)-218-5p on dopaminergic neuron injury in substantia nigra (SN) of rats with PD through the regulation of LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP1). METHODS The PD rat model was established by fixed point injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the rats. The PD rats were injected with miR-218-5p overexpressed recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) or LASP1 silenced rAAV to explore their roles in dopaminergic neurons in SN of rats with PD. The changes in pathological structure of SN were observed and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and deacetylvindoline acetyltransferase (DAT), the dopaminergic neuron apoptosis and oxidative stress factor in the SN were detected. The expression of miR-218-5p, LASP1, Bcl-2 and Bax in SN was detected. The targeting relationship between miR-218-5p and LASP1 was confirmed. RESULTS Declined miR-218-5p and overexpressed LASP1 existed in the brain SN of PD rats. Up-regulated miR-218-5p or inhibited LASP1 improved the pathological damage of dopaminergic neurons and increased the number of TH and DAT positive cells in brain SN of PD rats. Furthermore, elevated miR-218-5p or depressed LASP1 inhibited the apoptosis, and oxidative stress of dopaminergic neurons in brain SN of PD rats. In addition, increased miR-218-5p repressed the expression of LASP1 in the brain SN of PD rats. LASP1 was proven to be a direct target of miR-218-5p. CONCLUSION The study highlights that up-regulated miR-218-5p could improve the damage of dopaminergic neurons in PD rats, which was related to the inhibition of LASP1.
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Lal D, Neubauer BA, Toliat MR, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Kamrath C, Schänzer A, Sander T, Hahn A, Nothnagel M. Increased Probability of Co-Occurrence of Two Rare Diseases in Consanguineous Families and Resolution of a Complex Phenotype by Next Generation Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146040. [PMID: 26789268 PMCID: PMC4720433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing of whole genomes and exomes has facilitated a direct assessment of causative genetic variation, now enabling the identification of genetic factors involved in rare diseases (RD) with Mendelian inheritance patterns on an almost routine basis. Here, we describe the illustrative case of a single consanguineous family where this strategy suffered from the difficulty to distinguish between two etiologically distinct disorders, namely the co-occurrence of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets (HRR) and congenital myopathies (CM), by their phenotypic manifestation alone. We used parametric linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping and whole exome-sequencing to identify mutations underlying HRR and CM. We also present an approximate approach for assessing the probability of co-occurrence of two unlinked recessive RD in a single family as a function of the degree of consanguinity and the frequency of the disease-causing alleles. Linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping yielded elusive results when assuming a single RD, but whole-exome sequencing helped to identify two mutations in two genes, namely SLC34A3 and SEPN1, that segregated independently in this family and that have previously been linked to two etiologically different diseases. We assess the increase in chance co-occurrence of rare diseases due to consanguinity, i.e. under circumstances that generally favor linkage mapping of recessive disease, and show that this probability can increase by several orders of magnitudes. We conclude that such potential co-occurrence represents an underestimated risk when analyzing rare or undefined diseases in consanguineous families and should be given more consideration in the clinical and genetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Faculty Giessen and Marburg, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (DL); (MN)
| | - Bernd A. Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Faculty Giessen and Marburg, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens Kamrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Faculty Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology University Medical Faculty Giessen and Marburg, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Faculty Giessen and Marburg, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (DL); (MN)
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Zoossmann-Diskin A. The origin of Eastern European Jews revealed by autosomal, sex chromosomal and mtDNA polymorphisms. Biol Direct 2010; 5:57. [PMID: 20925954 PMCID: PMC2964539 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to establish the likely origin of EEJ (Eastern European Jews) by genetic distance analysis of autosomal markers and haplogroups on the X and Y chromosomes and mtDNA. Results According to the autosomal polymorphisms the investigated Jewish populations do not share a common origin, and EEJ are closer to Italians in particular and to Europeans in general than to the other Jewish populations. The similarity of EEJ to Italians and Europeans is also supported by the X chromosomal haplogroups. In contrast according to the Y-chromosomal haplogroups EEJ are closest to the non-Jewish populations of the Eastern Mediterranean. MtDNA shows a mixed pattern, but overall EEJ are more distant from most populations and hold a marginal rather than a central position. The autosomal genetic distance matrix has a very high correlation (0.789) with geography, whereas the X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal and mtDNA matrices have a lower correlation (0.540, 0.395 and 0.641 respectively). Conclusions The close genetic resemblance to Italians accords with the historical presumption that Ashkenazi Jews started their migrations across Europe in Italy and with historical evidence that conversion to Judaism was common in ancient Rome. The reasons for the discrepancy between the biparental markers and the uniparental markers are discussed. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Damian Labuda (nominated by Jerzy Jurka), Kateryna Makova and Qasim Ayub (nominated by Dan Graur).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin
- Department of Haematology and Genetic Pathology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Tsui LC, Buchwald M. Biochemical and molecular genetics of cystic fibrosis. ADVANCES IN HUMAN GENETICS 1991; 20:153-266, 311-2. [PMID: 1724873 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5958-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L C Tsui
- Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liechti-Gallati S, Niederer BU, Schneider V, Mächler M, Alkan M, Malik N, Braga S, Moser H. Haplotype analysis for CF-linked DNA polymorphisms in Switzerland. Clin Genet 1990; 37:442-9. [PMID: 1974485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1990.tb03528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 295 patients, parents and unaffected sibs from 106 CF-families in central and northeastern Switzerland were investigated with probes 7C22(D7S16), metH, metD, pKM19, pXV-2c and pJ3.11(D7S8) for eight DNA polymorphisms (RFLP's). Linkage disequilibrium to the CF locus and haplotype frequencies were compared to those in other populations. They are comparable to other Caucasian populations and, for pKM 19 and pXV-2c, very close to the findings in Italy. The prevalence of certain haplotypes among the CF and the normal allele-bearing chromosomes indicate that the majority of the CF cases are probably the result of one ancient mutation in a common ancestor, but that there may be allelic heterogeneity accounting for an important proportion of patients, that may differ between countries or regions. Informative family constellations for the different polymorphisms in Switzerland and strategies for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis are discussed. Haplotype analyses for each country and its ethnic subgroups are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liechti-Gallati
- Department of Pediatrics (Inselspital), University of Berne, Switzerland
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Maciejko D, Bal J, Mazurczak T, te Meerman G, Buys C, Oostra B, Halley D. Different haplotypes for cystic fibrosis-linked DNA polymorphisms in Polish and Dutch populations. Hum Genet 1989; 83:220-2. [PMID: 2571559 DOI: 10.1007/bf00285159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed DNA from 34 Polish and 63 Dutch cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and their families using the polymorphic markers XV2c and KM19, which are in linkage disequilibrium with the CF mutation. Strong linkage disequilibrium was found in the Dutch population sample, but the haplotypes of the Polish chromosomes showed a significantly less extreme disequilibrium. Our data and previous studies indicate that the highest degree of homogeneity of the CF defect and hence the best possible use of the XV2c/KM19/CF linkage disequilibrium for CF carrier detection/exclusion is in populations of northern European origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maciejko
- National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Genetics, Warsaw, Poland
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Gasparini P, Pignatti PF, Mastella G. Sex difference in D7S8 marker allele distribution in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Lancet 1989; 2:686-7. [PMID: 2570943 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kerem B, Rommens JM, Buchanan JA, Markiewicz D, Cox TK, Chakravarti A, Buchwald M, Tsui LC. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: genetic analysis. Science 1989; 245:1073-80. [PMID: 2570460 DOI: 10.1126/science.2570460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2562] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70 percent of the mutations in cystic fibrosis patients correspond to a specific deletion of three base pairs, which results in the loss of a phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 508 of the putative product of the cystic fibrosis gene. Extended haplotype data based on DNA markers closely linked to the putative disease gene locus suggest that the remainder of the cystic fibrosis mutant gene pool consists of multiple, different mutations. A small set of these latter mutant alleles (about 8 percent) may confer residual pancreatic exocrine function in a subgroup of patients who are pancreatic sufficient. The ability to detect mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene at the DNA level has important implications for genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kerem
- Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kere J, Norio R, Savilahti E, Estivill X, de la Chapelle A. Cystic fibrosis in Finland: a molecular and genealogical study. Hum Genet 1989; 83:20-5. [PMID: 2570015 DOI: 10.1007/bf00274141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Finland is one tenth that in other Caucasian populations. To study the genetics of CF in Finland, we used a combined molecular and genealogical approach. Out of the 20 Finnish families with a living CF patient, 19 were typed for eight closely linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at the MET, D7S8, and D7S23 loci. The birthplaces of the parents and grandparents were traced using population registries. Allele and haplotype frequencies in Finland are similar to those of other European and North American populations, but are modified by sampling: two regional CF gene clusters, evidently the results of a founder effect, were identified. Generally, the gene was evenly distributed over the population, carrier frequency being estimated at approximately 1.3%. We conclude that CF in Finland is caused by the common Caucasian mutation(s), and that the low frequency of the gene can be explained by a negative sampling effect and genetic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kere
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Simon-Bouy B, Serre JL, Mornet E, Tallandier A, Boué J, Boué A. Genetic differences between cystic fibrosis with and without meconium ileus. Lancet 1989; 2:102. [PMID: 2567841 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dawson DB, Cummins LA, Schaid DJ, Michels VV, Gordon H, O'Connell EJ, Thibodeau SN. Carrier identification of cystic fibrosis by recombinant DNA techniques. Mayo Clin Proc 1989; 64:325-34. [PMID: 2564899 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a result of recent advances in molecular genetics, carrier testing for cystic fibrosis (CF) is now available as a clinical assay in a limited number of laboratories. Because neither the gene nor the mutation for this disorder has yet been defined, the analysis relies on an indirect approach that uses DNA sequence polymorphisms and linkage analysis. With use of this general approach, several family members, in addition to those persons seeking carrier information, must be tested. Currently, more than 97% of families are "fully informative" when these markers are used in a linkage analysis; thus, the carrier status of most persons who have a relative with CF can be determined. Recently, strong linkage disequilibrium has been shown between two polymorphic loci (defined by the DNA probes KM.19 and XV-2c) and the CF locus. Because of this important finding, haplotype testing can be used in many clinical settings, such as for families in which a DNA sample is not available from the affected person or for those families in which one spouse has no family history of CF and the other is either affected or is at a high risk of carrying the CF mutation. Overall, the application of recombinant DNA techniques has greatly enhanced the ability to determine, with a high level of accuracy, the carrier status of those persons at risk for inheriting the CF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Dawson
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Johnson
- Medical Genetics Division, Children's Hospital Oakland, California 94609
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Schwartz M, Super M, Schmidtke J, Buys C, Farrall M, Halley D, Krawczak M, Poncin JE, Loukopoulos D, Devoto M. Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using linked DNA probes. Prenat Diagn 1988; 8:619-24. [PMID: 2905059 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents data collected in Europe on 107 prenatal diagnoses of cystic fibrosis (CF) using linked DNA markers. To date, 38 children have been born without CF, as predicted, demonstrating the present rapid move from research to clinical genetic service.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Krawczak M, Konecki DS, Schmidtke J, Dück M, Engel W, Nützenadel W, Trefz FK. Allelic association of the cystic fibrosis locus and two DNA markers, XV2c and KM19, in 55 German families. Hum Genet 1988; 80:78-80. [PMID: 2901397 DOI: 10.1007/bf00451461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Allelic association between cystic fibrosis and two linked markers is demonstrated in a sample of 55 German families. It is shown by example how these observations can be used for genetic risk calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krawczak
- Institut für Humangenetik der Universität, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Harris A, Quinlan C, Bobrow M. Cystic fibrosis typing with DNA probes: experience of a screening laboratory. Hum Genet 1988; 79:76-9. [PMID: 2896624 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A sample of 125 individuals from 37 British cystic fibrosis (CF) families with at least one living affected child were typed with probes for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) known to be linked to the CF gene. These probes were MetD, MetH, pJ3.11 and 7C22. Using this combination of probes, 30 out of the 37 families were sufficiently informative to enable prenatal diagnosis of the disease. Linkage analysis has also proved to be useful in excluding CF in two cases where diagnosis of the disease was equivocal in the sibling of an affected child.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harris
- Paediatric Research Unit, United Medical School of Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Chromosome 7 is frequently associated with chromosome aberrations, rearrangements, and deletions. It also contains many important genes, gene families, and disease loci. This brief review attempts to summarise these and other interesting aspects of chromosome 7. With the rapid accumulation of cloned genes and polymorphic DNA fragments, this chromosome has become an excellent substrate for molecular genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Tsui
- Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Morreau J, Sinaasappel M, Oostra BA, Halley DJ. Cystic fibrosis: screening for a DNA deletion by field inversion gel electrophoresis. Hum Genet 1988; 79:64-7. [PMID: 2896622 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed DNA of ten cystic fibrosis (CF) patients representing DNA of 19 different CF chromosomes and screened for deletions by means of field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). No differences were detected after digestion of the DNA samples with the restriction enzymes Not I and Sfi I and hybridization with the probes MetH, MetD, J3.11, and 7C22. Thus the percentage of deletions occurring within the CF region and detectable with FIGE is less than 15.2% (95% confidence interval, N = 19).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morreau
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Böhm D, Krawczak M, Schmidtke J. Linkage of the DNA-segment D7S13 (pB79a) with the cystic fibrosis locus. Hum Genet 1988; 78:186-7. [PMID: 2892783 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A map distance of 2.9 cM between D7S13 (pB79a) and the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus was obtained from the analysis of 13 informative families with a history of CF. This result is based solely on the HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (HindIII-RFLP) at D7S13, since the interpretation of the MspI-RFLP at this locus was found to be unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Böhm
- Institut für Humangenetik der Universität, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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