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New Strain of Cyphellophora olivacea Exhibits Striking Tolerance to Sodium Bicarbonate. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium strain Synechococcus cedrorum SAG 88.79 stock culture has fungal contamination stated by the Sammlung von Algenkulturen der Universität Göttingen itself. In this recent work, this particular fungal strain was isolated, identified, and morphologically characterised. The fungal strain AGSC12 belongs to the species Cyphellophora olivacea, with respect to the sequence similarity, phylogeny, and morphology of the strain. Colony morphology and growth capability were examined on SMA, EMMA, PDA, MEA, YEA, and YPA plates. Growth of the colonies was the most successful on YPA plates, followed by PDA and MEA containing plates. Surprisingly, the AGSC12 strain showed extreme tolerance to NaHCO3, albeit it, is is considered a general fungistatic compound. Moreover, positive association between the AGSC12 and SAG 88.79 strains was revealed, as the SAG 88.79 strain always attained higher cell density in co-cultures with the fungus than in mono-cultures. Besides, a taxonomic note on the SAG 88.79 strain itself was also stated.
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Sun X, Zheng Y, Xu G, Guo Q, Tan J, Ding G. Fungal diversity within the phyllosphere of Pinus massoniana and the possible involvement of phyllospheric fungi in litter decomposition. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:785-795. [PMID: 34537174 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems and help to shape the forest's diverse functions. However, little is known about the diversity of phyllospheric fungi or their possible relationships with fungal communities residing in different micro-environments of Pinus massoniana forests. We investigated seven different sample types: mature needles (NM), dead needles (ND), needles falling as litter (L), fermenting needles (F), humus (H), top soil (0-20 cm) (TS), and secondary soil (20-40 cm) (SS). These seven fungal communities were examined and compared with ITS amplicons using a high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 1213 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level. Distinct fungal communities were associated with different sample types. A greater number of OTUs were present in both NM and F samples than those shared by both NM and TS samples, indicating that phyllospheric fungi may play crucial roles in litter decomposition. Sixty OTUs (the core microbiome) were found in all sample types, and they may probably play different ecological roles in different sample types. These findings extend our knowledge of the fungal diversity of the phyllosphere and its possible interactions with fungal communities found in distinct forest micro-habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueguang Sun
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jianhui Tan
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Crous PW, Braun U, McDonald BA, Lennox CL, Edwards J, Mann RC, Zaveri A, Linde CC, Dyer PS, Groenewald JZ. Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora. Fungal Syst Evol 2020; 7:67-98. [PMID: 34124618 PMCID: PMC8165968 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera. Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), actin (act), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest (rpb1) and second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. Oculimacula is restricted to two species, O. acuformis and O. yallundae, with O. aestiva placed in Cyphellophora, and O. anguioides accommodated in a new genus, Helgardiomyces. Rhynchosporium s. str. is restricted to species with 1-septate conidia and hooked apical beaks, while Rhynchobrunnera is introduced for species with 1–3-septate, straight conidia, lacking any apical beak. Rhynchosporium graminicola is proposed to replace the name R. commune applied to the barley scald pathogen based on nomenclatural priority. Spermospora is shown to be paraphyletic, representing Spermospora (type: S. subulata), with three new species, S. arrhenatheri, S. loliiphila and S. zeae, and Neospermospora gen. nov. (type: N. avenae). Ypsilina (type: Y. graminea), is shown to be monophyletic, but appears to be of minor importance on cereals. Finally, Vanderaaea gen. nov. (type: V. ammophilae), is introduced as a new coelomycetous fungus occurring on dead leaves of Ammophila arenaria. Citation: Crous PW, Braun U, McDonald BA, Lennox CL, Edwards J, Mann RC, Zaveri A, Linde CC, Dyer PS, Groenewald JZ (2020). Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora. Fungal Systematics and Evolution7: 67–98. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - B A McDonald
- ETH Zürich, Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätstrasse 2, LFW B16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C L Lennox
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - J Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - R C Mann
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - A Zaveri
- School of Applied Systems Biology, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - C C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - P S Dyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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One stop shop III: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 51–75 (2019). FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Gao L, Ma Y, Zhao W, Wei Z, Gleason ML, Chen H, Hao L, Sun G, Zhang R. Three New Species of Cyphellophora (Chaetothyriales) Associated with Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136857. [PMID: 26398347 PMCID: PMC4580582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Cyphellophora includes human- and plant-related species from mammal skin and nails, plant materials, and food. On the basis of analysis of ITS, LSU, TUB2 and RPB1 data and morphological characters, three new species, Cyphellophora phyllostachysdis, C. artocarpi and C. musae, associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck disease, were added to this genus. The 2D structure of ITS1 and ITS2 confirmed this taxonomic status. Pathogenicity tests on apple fruit indicated that C. artocarpi could be a sooty blotch and flyspeck pathogen of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Gao
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuoya Wei
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mark L. Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Hongcai Chen
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu Hao
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Novel evolutionary lineages revealed in the Chaetothyriales (fungi) based on multigene phylogenetic analyses and comparison of its secondary structure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63547. [PMID: 23723988 PMCID: PMC3665825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyphellophora and Phialophora (Chaetothyriales, Pezizomycota) comprise species known from skin infections of humans and animals and from a variety of environmental sources. These fungi were studied based on the comparison of cultural and morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear loci, i.e., internal transcribed spacer rDNA operon (ITS), large and small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (nuc28S rDNA, nuc18S rDNA), β-tubulin, DNA replication licensing factor (mcm7) and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). Phylogenetic results were supported by comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structure of representatives of the Chaetothyriales and the identification of substitutions among the taxa analyzed. Base pairs with non-conserved, co-evolving nucleotides that maintain base pairing in the RNA transcript and unique evolutionary motifs in the ITS2 that characterize whole clades or individual taxa were mapped on predicted secondary structure models. Morphological characteristics, structural data and phylogenetic analyses of three datasets, i.e., ITS, ITS-β-tubulin and 28S-18S-rpb2-mcm7, define a robust clade containing eight species of Cyphellophora (including the type) and six species of Phialophora. These taxa are now accommodated in the Cyphellophoraceae, a novel evolutionary lineage within the Chaetothyriales. Cyphellophora is emended and expanded to encompass species with both septate and nonseptate conidia formed on discrete, intercalary, terminal or lateral phialides. Six new combinations in Cyphellophora are proposed and a dichotomous key to species accepted in the genus is provided. Cyphellophora eugeniae and C. hylomeconis, which grouped in the Chaetothyriaceae, represent another novel lineage and are introduced as the type species of separate genera.
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Feng P, Lu Q, Najafzadeh MJ, Gerrits van den Ende AHG, Sun J, Li R, Xi L, Vicente VA, Lai W, Lu C, de Hoog GS. Cyphellophora and its relatives in Phialophora: biodiversity and possible role in human infection. FUNGAL DIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-012-0194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Réblová M, Seifert KA. A new fungal genus, Teracosphaeria, with a phialophora-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:287-98. [PMID: 17363235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The new genus and species Teracosphaeria petroica is described for a perithecial ascomycete and its anamorph occurring on decayed wood collected in New Zealand. The fungus produces immersed, non-stromatic ceratosphaeria-like perithecia in nature, with hyaline, septate ascospores produced in unitunicate, non-amyloid asci. The anamorph produced in vitro is phialophora-like with lightly pigmented phialides terminating in flaring, deep collarettes that are often noticeably brown with conspicuous periclinal thickening. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU rDNA sequence data indicates that this fungus is distinct from morphologically similar fungi classified in the Chaetosphaeriales, the Trichosphaeriales or the Magnaporthaceae. It forms a monophyletic group with recently described, chaetosphaeria-like ascomycetes, such as the pyrenomycete genus Mirannulata, and shows affinity with the anamorphic species Dictyochaeta cylindrospora. The usefulness of describing anamorph genera for morphologically reduced anamorphs, when anamorph characteristics are actually part of the holomorph diagnosis, is discussed. An apparently contradictory example of the so-called Cordana and Pseudobotrytis anamorphs of Porosphaerella spp. is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Réblová
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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