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Modulation of Rab GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor Trafficking and Expression by the Transmembrane Protein 59 (TMEM59). SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59) is a type I transmembrane protein. However, the characterization and functions of TMEM59 in cells are not clear. Our results showed that TMEM59 localizes to vesicular structures. Further co-localization studies illustrated that TMEM59 is mainly distributed in the lysosome and acidic vesicular. TMEM59 movement between the nucleus and cell membrane was observed in living cells expressing TMEM59–EGFP fusion proteins. In addition, cell surface transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP) was significantly inhibited by TMEM59 and increased APP levels in HEK296T cells. TMEM59 also significantly inhibits transport of Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (GDI1) and Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (GDI2), and further increases expression of GDI1 and GDI2 proteins in the cytoplasm. However, TMEM59 does not affect protein expression and localization of BACE2. These results suggest that TMEM59 may be involved in the packaging of acidic vesicles, modulated transport, and processing of APP, GDI1, and GDI2.
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Kara B, Uyguner O, Maraş Genç H, İşlek EE, Kasap M, Toksoy G, Akpınar G, Uyur Yalçın E, Anık Y, Üstek D. BEND4 as a Candidate Gene for an Infection-Induced Acute Encephalopathy Characterized by a Cyst and Calcification of the Pons and Cerebellar Atrophy. Mol Syndromol 2021; 13:12-22. [DOI: 10.1159/000517541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three siblings born to Turkish parents from the same village had normal brain development until acute neurological deterioration between 12 months and 8 years of age. Consequent loss of all acquired motor, social, and language functions following infections was associated with a pontine cyst, calcification, and cerebellar atrophy. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous c.1297G>A (p.Gly433Ser) alteration in <i>BEND4</i>, which was predicted to be deleterious in in silico analysis tools and segregated in multiple affected individuals in the family. <i>BEND4</i> has not been associated with any existing disease. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of wild-type and mutant BEND4 expressing Vero cells showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. Wild-type BEND4 displayed a network-like distribution, whereas mutant BEND4 showed a juxtanuclear distribution pattern. Differential proteome analysis of Vero cells expressing BEND4 revealed that mutant BEND4 expression caused selective increase in reticulocalbin-1 and endoplasmic reticulum resident protein-29. Both proteins are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and are primarily involved in protein processing and folding pathways. Any defect or stress in protein folding creates stress on cells and may cause chronic damage. This is the first study showing that pathogenic <i>BEND4</i> variants may lead to an infection-induced acute necrotizing encephalopathy as demonstrated in characteristic neuroimaging findings.
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Harada S, Matsuura W, Takano M, Tokuyama S. Withdrawal: Proteomic Profiling in the Spinal Cord and Sciatic Nerve in a Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Mechanical Allodynia Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:230-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Wataru Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Masaoki Takano
- Department of Life Sciences Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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Ming Z, Guo C, Jiang M, Li W, Zhang Y, Fan N, Zhong Y, Meng X, Yang S. Bioinformatics analysis of Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta and its expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:201. [PMID: 25367783 PMCID: PMC4223158 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has been considered as one of the most important causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. To predict lung cancer, researchers identified several molecular markers. However, many underlying markers of lung cancer remain unclear. One of these markers is Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (GDIβ), which is related to tumorigenicity, development and invasion. This study was designed to analyze the biological characteristics of Rab GDIβ and to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Rab GDIβ in lung cancer cells; this study also aimed to investigate the functions of this protein in lung cancer. METHOD Using online software from the websites of NCBI, ProtParam and so on, we analyzed the biological characteristics of Rab GDIβ. RT-PCR was performed to detect gene expressions in A549 and 16HBE cell lines and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted to detect Rab GDIβ protein expression in 57 cases of human lung cancer tissues and 19 cases of normal lung tissues. The association of protein expression with patient clinical and pathological characteristics was assessed in each dataset. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis on Rab GDIβ: The mRNA of human Rab GDIβ contains two transcript variants; the common structural elements of the two proteins are mainly α-helix, random coil, β-turn and extended strand. Three and four transmembrane domains could be found in the entire polypeptide chain of protein variants 1 and 2, respectively; both transcript variants are hydrophilic and soluble proteins. The RT-PCR result: The mRNA expression of Rab GDIβ was down-regulation in A549 cells compared with that in 16HBE cells. The IHC result: The protein expression of Rab GDIβ in lung cancer cells was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissues (P <0.05) but was not correlated with patients' age, gender, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage. CONCLUSION The expression of Rab GDIβ was low in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, Rab GDIβ may be a tumor suppressor and could function as an indicator of tumorigenesis in NSCLC; nevertheless, this result should be further studied. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjuan Ming
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Chunli Guo
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan, 727000 China
| | - Meihua Jiang
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Wei Li
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Na Fan
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Xia Meng
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
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Owen JB, Di Domenico F, Sultana R, Perluigi M, Cini C, Pierce WM, Butterfield DA. Proteomics-determined differences in the concanavalin-A-fractionated proteome of hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: implications for progression of AD. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:471-82. [PMID: 19072283 DOI: 10.1021/pr800667a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, comprising 60-80% of all reported cases, and currently affects 5.2 million Americans. AD is characterized pathologically by the accumulation of senile plaques (SPs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and synapse loss. The early stages of memory loss associated with AD have been studied in a condition known as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), arguably the earliest form of AD. In spite of extensive research across a variety of disciplines, the cause of AD remains elusive. Proteomics techniques have helped to advance knowledge about AD by identifying irregularities in protein expression and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in AD brain. Glycosylation is a less studied PTM with regards to AD and MCI. This PTM is important to study because glycosylation is involved in proper protein folding, protein anchoring to cell membranes, and the delivery of proteins to organelles, and these processes are impaired in AD. Concanavalin-A (Con-A) binds to N-linked glycoproteins, but hydrophobic sites on nonglycoproteins are also known to bind Con-A. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine Con-A-associated brain proteins in MCI and AD with focus on the hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) brain regions. Proteins found in AD hippocampus with altered levels are glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tropomyosin 3 (TPM3), Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor XAP-4 (XAP4), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Proteins found with altered levels in AD IPL are alpha-enolase, gamma-enolase, and XAP-4. MCI hippocampal proteins with altered levels are dihydropyrimidase-2 (DRP2), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78), protein phosphatase related protein Sds-22 (Sds22), and GFAP and the only protein found with altered levels in MCI IPL was beta-synuclein. These results are discussed with reference to biochemical and pathological alterations in and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Owen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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Hwang KC, Lee HY, Cui XS, Kim JH, Kim NH. Identification of maternal mRNAs in porcine parthenotes at the 2-cell stage: a comparison with the blastocyst stage. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 70:314-23. [PMID: 15625692 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Successful embryonic development is dependent on the temporal and stage-specific expression of appropriate genes. Currently, information on specific gene expression during early cleavage-stage embryos before zygotic gene activation (ZGA) is limited. In the present study, we compare gene expression between porcine 2-cell and blastocyst stage parthenotes to identify genes that are specifically or predominantly expressed by employing annealing control primer (ACP)-based GeneFishing PCR. Using 60 ACPs, we identified and sequenced nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A BLAST search revealed that cloned genes or ESTs (GDI-2, MTMR3, MKLN1, NUP88, ePAD, CIRHIM, UPF3B, ITGA2, and CGI-140) had significant sequence similarities with known genes (78-95%) of other species in the GenBank/EMBL database. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data disclosed that these genes were regulated upstream in metaphase II (MII) oocyte, 1-cell, and 2-cell stage embryos during early pre-implantation. Similarly, upregulation was observed in MII mouse oocytes and 1-cell stage embryos before ZGA, suggesting that these nine differentially expressed orthologous genes play important roles during early cleavage before ZGA. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified in this report should provide the basis for research on early cleavage and activation of the embryonic genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Chan Hwang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Gaesin-dong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Ishizaki H, Miyoshi J, Kamiya H, Togawa A, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Endo K, Mizoguchi A, Ozawa S, Takai Y. Role of rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha in regulating plasticity of hippocampal neurotransmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11587-92. [PMID: 11027356 PMCID: PMC17244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.21.11587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (Rab GDIalpha) is a regulator of the Rab small G proteins implicated in neurotransmission, and mutations of Rab GDIalpha cause human X-linked mental retardation associated with epileptic seizures. In Rab GDIalpha-deficient mice, synaptic potentials in the CA1 region of the hippocampus displayed larger enhancement during repetitive stimulation, which was apparently opposite to the phenotype of Rab3A-deficient mice. Furthermore, the Rab GDIalpha-deficient mice showed hypersensitivity to bicuculline, an inducer of epileptic seizures. These results suggest that Rab GDIalpha plays a specialized role in Rab3A recycling to suppress hyperexcitability via modulation of presynaptic forms of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishizaki
- Takai Biotimer Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o JCR Pharmaceuticals, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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Innervation and target tissue interactions induce Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) expression during peripheral synapse formation in developing chick ciliary ganglion neurons in situ. J Neurosci 1998. [PMID: 9698324 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-16-06331.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles involves the function of a small GTP-binding protein, Rab3A. Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) is an important modulator of Rab function and subcellular distribution. We have characterized the respective roles of innervation and target tissue interactions in regulating GDI expression during synapse formation in chick ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons developing in situ. Here we report the first full-length chick GDI cDNA sequence. It is highly homologous to mammalian GDI isoforms and includes all of the sequence-conserved regions critical for Rab3A binding. This chick GDI mRNA is predominantly expressed in neurons as judged by Northern blot analysis of tissue distribution and by in situ hybridization of CG sections. Developmental increases in CG GDI mRNA levels occur in two phases as determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and by Northern analysis of both normal-developing and input- or target tissue-deprived ganglia. The initial phase appears to be independent of cell-cell interactions. In contrast, the second, larger increase is induced by both presynaptic inputs and postganglionic target tissues but does not occur until target tissue innervation. Synaptic interaction with the target seems necessary for the regulatory response to both inputs and target tissues. GDI protein levels show similar changes. The developmentally delayed ability of inputs and targets to influence GDI levels differs from the regulation of neurotransmitter receptor expression in CG neurons. These results suggest that distinct extrinsic regulatory signals influence the expression of synapse-related components at the presynaptic axon terminal versus postsynaptic membrane in an individual neuron.
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Wan M, Francke U. Evaluation of two X chromosomal candidate genes for Rett syndrome: Glutamate dehydrogenase-2 (GLUD2) and rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980630)78:2<169::aid-ajmg14>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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D'Adamo P, Menegon A, Lo Nigro C, Grasso M, Gulisano M, Tamanini F, Bienvenu T, Gedeon AK, Oostra B, Wu SK, Tandon A, Valtorta F, Balch WE, Chelly J, Toniolo D. Mutations in GDI1 are responsible for X-linked non-specific mental retardation. Nat Genet 1998; 19:134-9. [PMID: 9620768 DOI: 10.1038/487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDI) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that play an essential role in the recycling of Rab GTPases required for vesicular transport through the secretory pathway. We have found mutations in the GDI1 gene (which encodes uGDI) in two families affected with X-linked non-specific mental retardation. One of the mutations caused a non-conservative substitution (L92P) which reduced binding and recycling of RAB3A, the second was a null mutation. Our results show that both functional and developmental alterations in the neuron may account for the severe impairment of learning abilities as a consequence of mutations in GDI1, emphasizing its critical role in development of human intellectual and learning abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D'Adamo
- Institute of Genetics Biochemistry and Evolution, CNR, Pavia, Italy
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Sedlacek Z, Munstermann E, Mincheva A, Lichter P, Poustka A. The human rab GDI beta gene with long retroposon-rich introns maps to 10p15 and its pseudogene to 7p11-p13. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:78-80. [PMID: 9434952 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Sedlacek
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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