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Evaluation of release and pharmacokinetics of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) in phosphatidyldiglycerol-based thermosensitive liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183698. [PMID: 34283999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC, Miltefosine) is a drug from the class of alkylphosphocholines with an antineoplastic and antiprotozoal activity. We previously reported that HePC uptake from thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) containing 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphodiglycerol (DPPG2) into cancer cells is accelerated at mild hyperthermia (HT) resulting in increased cytotoxicity. In this study, we compared HePC release of different TSL formulations in serum. HePC showed rapid but incomplete release below the transition temperature (Tm) of investigated TSL formulations in serum. Short heating (5 min) to 42 °C increased HePC release from DPPG2-TSL (Tm = 41 °C) by a factor of two in comparison to body temperature (37 °C). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) induced HePC release from DPPG2-TSL comparable to serum. Furthermore, multilamellar vesicles (MLV) were capable to extract HePC from DPPG2-TSL in a concentration- and temperature-dependent manner. Repetitive exposure of DPPG2-TSL to MLV at 37 °C led to a fast initial release of HePC which slowed down after subsequent extraction cycles finally reaching approx. 50% HePC release. A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a biphasic pattern with an immediate clearance of approx. 50% HePC whereas the remaining 50% HePC showed a prolonged circulation time. We speculate that HePC located in the external leaflet of DPPG2-TSL is rapidly released upon contact with suitable biological acceptors. As demonstrated by MLV transfer experiments, asymmetric incorporation of HePC into the internal leaflet of DPPG2-TSL might improve HePC retention in presence of complex biological media and still give rise to HT-induced HePC release.
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Yu G, Ali Z, Sajjad Khan A, Ullah K, Jamshaid H, Zeb A, Imran M, Sarwar S, Choi HG, Ud Din F. Preparation, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Potential of Miltefosine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3255-3273. [PMID: 34012260 PMCID: PMC8127833 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with miltefosine (HePC) as an anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS HePC-NLCs were prepared using a microemulsion technique and then evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), incorporation efficiency, in vitro release of entrapped drug, and hemolytic potential. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and liver toxicity analyses were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats, and antitumor efficacy was evaluated in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and squamous cell carcinoma-7 (SCC-7) cells in vitro and in tumour-bearing BALB/c mice in vivo. Advanced analyses including survival rate, immunohistopathology, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis in vivo. RESULTS The average particle size of the HePC-NLCs was 143 ± 16 nm, with a narrow PDI (0.104 ± 0.002), and the incorporation efficiency was found to be 91 ± 7%. The NLCs released HePC in a sustained manner, and this release was significantly lower than that of free drug. The in vitro hemolytic assay demonstrated a significantly reduced hemolytic potential (~9%) of the NLCs compared to that of the test formulations. The HePC-NLCs demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetic behaviour over free drug, including extended blood circulation and an abridged clearance rate in rats. Furthermore, the HePC-NLCs exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the free drug in MCF-7 and SCC-7 cells. Moreover, the HePC-NLCs showed significantly enhanced (P < 0.005) antitumor activity compared to that of the control and free drug-treated mouse groups. Tumour cell apoptosis was also confirmed, indicating the antitumor potential of the HePC-NLCs. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the ability of NLCs as a drug delivery system for enhanced pharmacokinetic, antitumor, and apoptotic effects, most importantly when loaded with HePC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Breast, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zakir Ali
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anam Sajjad Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Humzah Jamshaid
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Khan AS, Ud Din F, Ali Z, Bibi M, Zahid F, Zeb A, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman, Khan GM. Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of miltefosine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120109. [PMID: 33253802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the anti-leishmanial efficacy of miltefosine (MTF) and reduce its toxic effects by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Micro-emulsion technique was used to prepare MTF-loaded NLCs. The optimized NLCs were characterized in terms of various physicochemical parameters including particle size, poly dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate the potential of NLCs as an effective nanocarrier system for oral delivery of MTF in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The optimized MTF-loaded NLCs exhibited mean particle size of 160.8 ± 5.3 nm with narrow PDI and high incorporation efficiency (IE%) of 96.17 ± 1.3%. MTF-loaded NLCs demonstrated slow release of the incorporated drug as compared to the drug solution. The optimized formulation showed significant decrease in hemolytic potential, 2.5~folds increase in anti-leishmanial efficacy and 6~fold decrease in macrophage cytotoxicity as compared to MTF solution, in vitro. Macrophage uptake study confirmed passive targeting ability of MTF-loaded NLCs. In-vivo analysis demonstrated enhanced anti-leishmanial effect of the MTF-loaded NLCs and better pharmacokinetic profiles with no gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. NLCs are potential nanocarriers for the oral delivery of MTF with enhanced anti-leishmanial activity, better safety profile and reduced hemolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Sajjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Gaillard B, Remy JS, Pons F, Lebeau L. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitumor Alkylphospholipid Prodrugs. Pharm Res 2020; 37:106. [PMID: 32462253 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemolysis is a serious side effect of antitumor alkylphospholipids (APLs) that limits dose levels and is a constraint in their use in therapeutic regimen. Nine prodrugs of promising APLs (miltefosine, perifosine, and erufosine) were synthesized so as to decrease their membrane activity and improve their toxicity profile while preserving their antineoplastic potency. METHODS The synthesis of the pro-APLs was straightforwardly achieved in one step starting from the parent APLs. The critical aggregation concentration of the prodrugs, their hydrolytic stability under various pH conditions, their blood compatibility and cytotoxicity in three different cell lines were determined and compared to those of the parent antitumor lipids. RESULTS The APL prodrugs display antitumor activity which is similar to that of the parent alkylphospholipids but without associated hemolytic toxicity. CONCLUSION The pro-APL compounds may be considered as intravenously injectable derivatives of APLs. They could thus address one of the major issues met in cancer therapies involving antitumor lipids and restricting their utilization to oral and topical administration because of limited maximum tolerated dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin - BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Serge Remy
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin - BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin - BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin - BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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Gaillard B, Seguin C, Remy JS, Pons F, Lebeau L. Erufosine (ErPC3) Cationic Prodrugs as Dual Gene Delivery Reagents for Combined Antitumor Therapy. Chemistry 2019; 25:15662-15679. [PMID: 31549752 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen cationic prodrugs of the antitumor alkylphospholipid (APL) erufosine were rationally synthesized to provide original gene delivery reagents with improved cytotoxicity profile. The DNA complexation properties of these cationic lipids were determined and associated transfection rates were measured. Furthermore, the self-assembly properties of the pro-erufosine compounds were investigated and their critical aggregation concentration was determined. Their hydrolytic stability under pH conditions mimicking the extracellular environment and the late endosome milieu was measured. Hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of the compounds were investigated. The results obtained in various cell lines demonstrate that the prodrugs of erufosine display antineoplastic activity similar to that of the parent antitumor drug but are not associated with hemolytic toxicity, which is a dose-limiting side effect of APLs and a major obstacle to their use in anticancer therapeutic regimen. Furthermore, by using lipoplexes prepared from a prodrug of erufosine and a plasmid DNA encoding a pro-apoptotic protein (TRAIL), evidence was provided for selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells while nontumor cells were resistant. This study demonstrates that the combination approach involving well tolerated erufosine cationic prodrugs and cancer gene therapy holds significant promise in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Cendrine Seguin
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Serge Remy
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
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Kaleağasıoğlu F, Zaharieva MM, Konstantinov SM, Berger MR. Alkylphospholipids are Signal Transduction Modulators with Potential for Anticancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:66-91. [PMID: 30318001 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181012093056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkylphospholipids (APLs) are synthetically derived from cell membrane components, which they target and thus modify cellular signalling and cause diverse effects. This study reviews the mechanism of action of anticancer, antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antiviral activities of ALPs, as well as their clinical use. METHODS A literature search was used as the basis of this review. RESULTS ALPs target lipid rafts and alter phospholipase D and C signalling cascades, which in turn will modulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. By feedback coupling, the SAPK/JNK signalling chain is also affected. These changes lead to a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and subsequently induce programmed cell death. The available knowledge on inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, mTOR phosphorylation and Raf down-regulation renders ALPs as attractive candidates for modern medical treatment, which is based on individualized diagnosis and therapy. Corresponding to their unusual profile of activities, their side effects result from cholinomimetic activity mainly and focus on the gastrointestinal tract. These aspects together with their bone marrow sparing features render APCs well suited for modern combination therapy. Although the clinical success has been limited in cancer diseases so far, the use of miltefosine against leishmaniosis is leading the way to better understanding their optimized use. CONCLUSION Recent synthetic programs generate congeners with the increased therapeutic ratio, liposomal formulations, as well as diapeutic (or theranostic) derivatives with optimized properties. It is anticipated that these innovative modifications will pave the way for the further successful development of ALPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Kaleağasıoğlu
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Maya M Zaharieva
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Microbiology, The "Stephan Angeloff" Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spiro M Konstantinov
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Valicherla GR, Tripathi P, Singh SK, Syed AA, Riyazuddin M, Husain A, Javia D, Italiya KS, Mishra PR, Gayen JR. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability assessment of Miltefosine in rats using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1031:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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da Gama Bitencourt JJ, Pazin WM, Ito AS, Barioni MB, de Paula Pinto C, Santos MAD, Guimarães THS, Santos MRMD, Valduga CJ. Miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles: Improving miltefosine stability and reducing its hemolytic potential toward erythtocytes and its cytotoxic effect on macrophages. Biophys Chem 2016; 217:20-31. [PMID: 27497059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of miltefosine on the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and its hemolytic action on erythrocytes have limited its use as an antileishmanial agent. As part of our search for new strategies to overcome the side effects of miltefosine during the treatment of leishmaniasis, we have developed stable miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles in an attempt to reduce the toxic effects of the drug. We have evaluated lipid nanoparticles containing varying amounts of miltefosine and cholesterol, prepared by sonication, in terms of their physicochemical properties, preliminary stability, hemolytic potential toward erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages and to promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Miltefosine loading into lipid nanoparticles was 100% for low drug concentrations (7.0 to 20.0mg/mL). Particle size decreased from 143nm (control) to between 43 and 69nm. From fluorescence studies, it was observed that the presence of miltefosine and cholesterol (below 103μM) promoted ordering effects in the phospholipid region of the nanoparticles. The formulation containing 15mg/mL miltefosine was stable for at least six months at 4°C and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and did not promote epithelial gastrointestinal irritability in Balb/C mice. When loaded into lipid nanoparticles, the hemolytic potential of miltefosine and its cytotoxicity to macrophages diminished, while its antiparasitic activity remained unaltered. The results suggested that miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles may be promising for the treatment of leishmaniasis and might be suitable for oral and parenteral use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wallance Moreira Pazin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Amando Siuiti Ito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo.
| | - Marina Berardi Barioni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Carolline de Paula Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Anhanguera, University of São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudete Justina Valduga
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Anhanguera, University of São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), Brazil.
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Teymouri M, Farzaneh H, Badiee A, Golmohammadzadeh S, Sadri K, Jaafari MR. Investigation of Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) usage in Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as a synergistic ingredient: In vitro and in vivo evaluation in mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma and B16F0 melanoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fortin A, Hendrickx S, Yardley V, Cos P, Jansen H, Maes L. Efficacy and tolerability of oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) in a laboratory model of visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2707-12. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Das S, Khan W, Mohsin S, Kumar N. Miltefosine loaded albumin microparticles for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: formulation development and in vitro evaluation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Eibl H, Kaufmann-Kolle P. Medical Application of Synthetic Phospholipids as Liposomes and Drugs. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109509039914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Miñones J, Rey Gómez-Serranillos I, Conde O, Dynarowicz-Łatka P, Miñones Trillo J. The influence of subphase temperature on miltefosine–cholesterol mixed monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 301:258-66. [PMID: 16797577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the subphase temperature on the surface pressure (pi)-area (A) isotherms of mixed monolayers of miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), a potential anticancer drug, and cholesterol were investigated at the air/water interface, which were supplemented with Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) observations. Comparison of the collapse pressure values, mean molecular areas, excess areas and excess free energy of mixing between the mixed monolayer at various molar ratios and the pure component monolayers showed that, regardless of the subphase temperature, the investigated miltefosine-cholesterol system is much more stable than that the pure component monolayers, suggesting strong attractive interactions between miltefosine and cholesterol in mixed monolayers. As a consequence, it was postulated that stable "complexes" of the two components could form at the interface, for which stoichiometry may vary with the subphase temperature. Such "surface complexes" should be responsible for the contraction of the mean molecular area and thus the high stability of the mixed monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miñones
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Sur, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
The well-known problems of classic treatment of the leishmaniases with pentavalent antimony (reduced efficacy), difficulties of administration and increasing frequency and severity of adverse events have stimulated the search for new drugs to treat these diseases. Other injectable, oral and topical drugs have not been consistently effective, especially in the modern World. Beginning in 1998, Indian researchers conducted several trials with hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, and in 1999, clinical studies were initiated in Colombia for cutaneous disease. More than 2500 patients have been treated, including patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal disease and patients coinfected with HIV. Cure rates between 91 and 100% were reached with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days, with no difference between treatment-naive and relapsing patients. Mild gastrointestinal events were present in 35-60% of patients and 10-20% had mild transaminase and creatinine elevations. Miltefosine has potent leishmanicidal activity as a consequence of its interference in parasite metabolic pathways and the induction of apoptosis. Miltefosine is the first effective and safe oral agent with the potential to treat all major clinical presentations of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Soto
- CIBIC, Centro de Investigaciones Bioclínicas de la Fundación FADER, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Seifert K, Croft SL. In vitro and in vivo interactions between miltefosine and other antileishmanial drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:73-9. [PMID: 16377670 PMCID: PMC1346816 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.1.73-79.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of miltefosine with amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate, paromomycin, and sitamaquine was assessed in vitro and additionally for the first three combinations in vivo. In vitro interactions were indifferent for miltefosine combined with amphotericin B (mean sums of fractional inhibitory concentrations [mean summation operatorFICs] ranging from 1.22 to 1.51 at the 50% effective concentration [EC50] level and 1.08 to 1.38 at the EC90 level), sitamaquine (mean summation operatorFICs from 1.33 to 1.38 and 1.0 to 1.02, respectively), and paromomycin (mean summation operatorFICs from 0.79 to 0.93 at the EC50 and 0.77 to 1.35 at the EC90 level). Some synergy was observed for miltefosine combined with sodium stibogluconate (mean summation operatorFICs from 0.61 to 0.75 at EC50 and 0.49 to 0.97 at EC90). Different interactions were found in vivo, where the highest potentiation of miltefosine activity was achieved with amphotericin B (activity enhancement index [AEI] of up to 11.3). No significant interaction was observed when miltefosine was combined with sodium stibogluconate (AEI of up to 2.38). The potentiation of miltefosine in vivo was also achieved with the combination of miltefosine and paromomycin (AEI of up to 7.22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Seifert
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Papazafiri P, Avlonitis N, Angelou P, Calogeropoulou T, Koufaki M, Scoulica E, Fragiadaki I. Structure-activity relationships of antineoplastic ring-substituted ether phospholipid derivatives. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:261-70. [PMID: 15856232 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that alkylphosphocholines (APCs) exhibit strong antineoplastic activity against various tumour cell lines in vitro and in several animal models. The current study was designed to investigate the influence of cycloalkane rings on the antiproliferative activity of APCs against a panel of eight human and animal cell lines (PC3, MCF7, A431, Hela, PC12, U937, K562, CHO). Specifically, we explored the effect of the presence of 4-alkylidenecyclohexyl and cycloalkylidene groups in alkoxyethyl and alkoxyphosphodiester ether lipids, respectively. In addition, the haemolytic activity of the new ring-substituted ether phospholipids (EP) was evaluated. METHODS Cells were exposed to various concentrations of the compounds for 72 h. The cytotoxicity was determined with the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] dye reduction assay. Similarly, red blood cells were distributed in 96-well microplates and treated with the test compounds at concentrations ranging from 100 to 6.25 microM for 1 h. After centrifugation, the absorbance of the supernatants was measured at 550 nm. RESULTS The majority of the compounds tested exhibited significant cytotoxic activity which depended on both the ring size and position with respect to the phosphate moiety, as well as the head group. Among the cycloalkylidene series the 11-adamantylideneundecyl-substituted N-methylmorpholino EP 13 was the most potent and exhibited broad-spectrum anticancer activity comparable to or superior to that of hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC). All the adamantylidene-substituted EPs were nonhaemolytic (concentration that exhibits 50% haemolytic activity, HC(50), >100 microM). Furthermore, the cyclohexylidene-substituted analogues were more potent against the cell lines tested, with the exception of U937 and K562, than the cyclodecapentylidene-substituted compounds. Hydrogenation of the double bond in the cycloalkylidene-substituted EPs (compounds 14 and 15) resulted in improvement of anticancer activity. Among the 2-(4-alkylidenecyclohexyloxy)ethyl EPs, 2-(4-hexadylidenecyclohexyloxy)ethyl phosphocholine (22) possessed the highest broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity than all the other analogues of this series and was nonhaemolytic (HC(50) >100 microM). In general, the 2-(4-alkylidenecyclohexyloxy)ethyl-substituted EPs were more active against the more resistant cell lines U937, K562 and CHO than HePC. CONCLUSIONS The presence of cycloalkane rings in the lipid portion of APCs reduces haemolytic effects compared to HePC and in several analogues results in improved antineoplastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papazafiri
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, School of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Athens, Greece
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Gueguen G, Granci V, Rogalle P, Briand-Mésange F, Wilson M, Klaébé A, Tercé F, Chap H, Salles JP, Simon MF, Gaits F. A lysophosphatidic acid analogue is revealed as a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis, inducing apoptosis. Biochem J 2002; 368:447-59. [PMID: 12197836 PMCID: PMC1223009 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2002] [Revised: 08/01/2002] [Accepted: 08/28/2002] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that cross-desensitization experiments performed with the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) analogues (R)- and (S)-N-palmitoyl-norleucinol 1-phosphate (PNPAs) inhibited LPA-induced platelet aggregation without any stereospecificity. Here we report opposite biological effects of the two enantiomers on mitogenesis of IMR-90 fibroblasts in relation to their respective metabolism. (R)PNPA was proliferative, while (S)PNPA induced apoptosis by specifically inhibiting phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis at the last step of the CDP-choline pathway controlled by cholinephosphotransferase. This effect was not direct but required dephosphorylation of PNPAs by ecto-lipid phosphate phosphatase before cellular uptake of the generated N-palmitoyl-norleucinols (PNOHs). Inhibition of cholinephosphotransferase by the derivative (S)PNOH was confirmed by an in vitro assay. (S)PNPA proapoptotic effects led us to clarify the mechanism linking cholinephosphotransferase inhibition to apoptosis. Three proapoptotic responses were observed: the activation of caspase-3, the production of ceramides from newly synthesized pools (as demonstrated by the inhibitor Fumonisin B1) and finally the activation of stress-activated protein kinase, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2, as a result of ceramide increase. Thus our data demonstrate that synthetic analogues of LPA might display stereospecific effects leading to apoptosis independently of classical LPA-activated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviéve Gueguen
- Institut fédératif de recherche Claude de Préval, INSERM U326, Phospholipides membranaires, Signalisation cellulaire et Lipoprotéines, Hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Walochnik J, Duchêne M, Seifert K, Obwaller A, Hottkowitz T, Wiedermann G, Eibl H, Aspöck H. Cytotoxic activities of alkylphosphocholines against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:695-701. [PMID: 11850250 PMCID: PMC127497 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.3.695-701.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are causing serious chronic conditions such as destructive keratitis in contact lens wearers or granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in individuals with compromised immune systems. Both are characterized by the lack of availability of sufficiently effective and uncomplicated, manageable treatments. Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) is licensed for use as a topical antineoplastic agent, but it is also active in vitro against several protozoan parasites, and it was applied very successfully for the treatment of human visceral leishmaniasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of hexadecylphosphocholine and other alkylphosphocholines (APCs) against Acanthamoeba spp. The in vitro activities of eight different APCs against three Acanthamoeba strains of various pathogenicities were determined. All substances showed at least amoebostatic effects, and some of them disrupted the amoebae, as shown by the release of cytoplasmic enzyme activity. Hexadecylphosphocholine exhibited the highest degree of cytotoxicity against trophozoites, resulting in complete cell death at a concentration as low as 40 microM, and also displayed significant cysticidal activity. Hexadecylphosphocholine may be a promising new candidate for the topical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and, conceivably, even for the oral treatment of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Walochnik
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Seifert K, Duchêne M, Wernsdorfer WH, Kollaritsch H, Scheiner O, Wiedermann G, Hottkowitz T, Eibl H. Effects of miltefosine and other alkylphosphocholines on human intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1505-10. [PMID: 11302818 PMCID: PMC90496 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.5.1505-1510.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. It is therefore responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in a number of countries. Infections with E. histolytica are treated with nitroimidazoles, primarily with metronidazole. At this time, there is a lack of useful alternative classes of substances for the treatment of invasive amoebiasis. Alkylphosphocholines (alkyl-PCs) such as hexadecyl-PC (miltefosine) were originally developed as antitumor agents, but recently they have been successfully used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in humans. We examined hexadecyl-PC and several other alkyl-PCs with longer alkyl chains, with and without double bond(s), for their activity against two strains of E. histolytica. The compounds with the highest activity were oleyl-PC, octadecyl-PC, and nonadecenyl-PC, with 50% effective concentrations for 48 h of treatment between 15 and 21 microM for strain SFL-3 and between 73 and 98 microM for strain HM-1:IMSS. We also tested liposomal formulations of these alkyl-PCs and miltefosine. The alkyl-PC liposomes showed slightly lower activity, but are expected to be well tolerated. Liposomal formulations of oleyl-PC or closely related alkyl-PCs could be promising candidates for testing as broad-spectrum antiprotozoal and antitumor agents in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seifert
- Division of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Arndt D, Zeisig R, Fichtner I, Teppke AD, Fahr A. Pharmacokinetics of sterically stabilized hexadecylphosphocholine liposomes versus conventional liposomes and free hexadecylphosphocholine in tumor-free and human breast carcinoma bearing mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999; 58:71-80. [PMID: 10634520 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006224611505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of free and different liposomal formulations of hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC) was investigated in tumor-bearing (human mammary tumor MaTu) and tumor-free mice after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. The levels of HPC were evaluated at different times in serum, normal tissues, and tumor. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of sterically stabilized HPC liposomes in comparison to conventional vesicles and free HPC is due to its pharmacokinetics. Conventional non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and an elaborate three- and four-compartmental model were used for explaining the experimental data. The serum levels of HPC obtained with sterically stabilized liposomes were only consistently higher in comparison to conventional vesicles and free HPC in the first 4 h. In the xenografted MaTu carcinoma, the differences of the HPC content between the different groups are unexpectedly low and do not reflect the high therapeutic activity [5] of sterically stabilized HPC liposomes. Detailed analysis shows that the liposomally encapsulated drug displays a modified pharmacokinetic behavior, which may also involve lymphatic absorption of the liposomal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arndt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Fu D, Shi Z, Wang Y. Bcl-2 plays a key role instead of mdr1 in the resistance to hexadecylphosphocholine in human epidermoid tumor cell line KB. Cancer Lett 1999; 142:147-53. [PMID: 10463770 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We induced tolerance to hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) in the human epidermoid tumor cell line, KB. After 70 weeks of adaptation, the IC50 of HePC in the resistant cells KBr was 32-fold higher than in parental KB cells, and they were 30-fold more resistant to another ether lipid analogue, ET-18-OCH3. The KBr cells also showed cross-resistance to vincristine and colchicine while remaining sensitive to other chemotherapy agents. RT-PCR assays showed that expression of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) was positive in KBr cells, whereas the expression of GST-pi (glutathione S-transferase pi) and MRP (multidrug resistance protein) was undetectable in KBr cells. Both an immunocytochemistry test and Western blot analysis indicated that the expression of bcl-2 in KBr cells was strongly positive, while it was only mildly expressed in KB cells. Verapamil could not reverse the resistance of KBr to HePC although it is a well-known reversing agent against MDR1. Our results suggest that bcl-2 instead of MDR1 plays a major role in the resistance of KBr cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zeisig R, Arndt D, Stahn R, Fichtner I. Physical properties and pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo of optimised liposomes prepared from a new cancerostatic alkylphospholipid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1414:238-48. [PMID: 9804964 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes from octadecyl-(1,1-dimethyl-4-piperidino-4-yl)-phosphate (OPP), a new alkylphospholipid derivative with an improved cancerostatic activity, were prepared for the first time and the activity in vitro and in vivo was characterised. The formation of liposomes (MLV, SUV and LUVET) differing in cholesterol content, charge, and sterical stabilisation is possible without serious problems, despite the lysolipid-like structure of the OPP. Liposomes with a low amount of cholesterol and with PEG2000DSPE-coating were the most stable OPP liposomes, both in buffer and in serum. The cytotoxicity of micellar or liposomal OPP against breast cancer cell lines in vitro was in the range of 20-60 microM. The cytotoxicity of the liposomal formulation was inversely related to the content of cholesterol, whereas the sterical stabilisation and/or the incorporation of a positive charge had only a very moderate modulating effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation. The strongest antitumour effect on the xenotransplanted breast cancer MT-3 in vivo was obtained with sterically stabilised OPP liposomes with low CH content. The beneficial therapeutic effect of these liposomes was accompanied by better tolerance and a significant inhibition of haemolysis compared to micellar OPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zeisig
- Phospholipids Department, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, R-Rössle-Str. 10, 13122 Berlin-Buch, Germany.
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Rentsch KM, Schwendener RA, Schott H, Hänseler E. Pharmacokinetics of N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in plasma and whole blood after intravenous and oral administration to mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:1076-81. [PMID: 9401941 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (NOAC) is a new cytotoxic derivative of cytosine arabinoside with improved cytotoxic activity and stability against deamination. Its pharmacokinetics were studied in mice. The drug was administered intravenously and orally to ICR mice to assess its pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma and whole blood. The lipophilic drug was administered in small unilamellar liposomes 100-400 nm in diameter. The concentrations of NOAC in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When given orally a rather low amount of the delivered NOAC was absorbed as the unchanged drug, resulting in a bioavailability of 1.1% from the plasma and 12.9% from whole blood. As shown elsewhere, the amount of drug absorbed is sufficient to provide excellent cytotoxic activity in the L1210 leukemia and in human xenograft models after oral administration. The mean residence time of NOAC after intravenous administration was 3.5 h in plasma and 6 h in whole blood giving NOAC a terminal half-life in blood substantially longer than that of cytosine arabinoside. After oral administration the mean residence time was 18 h in plasma and whole blood. In summary, NOAC has a prolonged half-life after intravenous administration compared with cytosine arabinoside. The distribution of NOAC in blood is highly dependent on its mode of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rentsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
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Mayhew E, Ahmad I, Bhatia S, Dause R, Filep J, Janoff AS, Kaisheva E, Perkins WR, Zha Y, Franklin JC. Stability of association of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with liposomes is composition dependent. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1329:139-48. [PMID: 9370251 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ether lipid, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3), has anticancer activity, but it has serious side-effects, including hemolysis, which prevent its optimal use. We surmised if ET-18-OCH3 could be stably associated with liposomes, less free ET-18-OCH3 would be available for lytic interaction with red cells. Liposome composition variables investigated included acyl chain saturation, phospholipid head group and mole ratio of Chol and ET-18-OCH3. It was found that attenuation of hemolysis was strongly liposome composition dependent. Some ET-18-OCH3 liposome compositions were minimally hemolytic. For example, whereas the HI5 (drug concentration required to cause 5% human red cell lysis) was 5-6 microM for free ET-18-OCH3, it was approximately 250 microM for DOPC (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine):Chol (cholesterol):DOPE-GA (glutaric acid derivatized DOPE):ET-18-OCH3, (4:3:1:2) and 640 microM for DOPE (dioleyolphosphatidylethanolamine):Chol:DOPE-GA:ET-18-OCH3 (4:3:1:2) liposomes. Efflux of carboxyfluorescein (CF) from liposomes and Langmuir trough determinations of mean molecular area of lipids in monolayers (MMAM) were used as indicators of membrane packing and stability. Incorporation of ET-18-OCH3 in liposomes reduced the MMAM. Reduction in CF permeation was correlated with reduction in hemolysis. The most stable liposomes included components, such as cholesterol, DOPC and DOPE, which have complementary shapes to ET-18-OCH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mayhew
- The Liposome Company Inc., Princeton Forrestal Center, NJ 08540-6619, USA
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