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De New KM, Coates JR, Millman Z, Kim DY, Hong HP, Royal AB. What is your diagnosis? Spinal mass in a young dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 52 Suppl 2:97-99. [PMID: 35524292 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Hoon-Hanks LL, Frank CB, Edmondson EF. Primary Meningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Spinal Cord of a Young Dog with Neuromelanocytosis and Multiple Cutaneous Neurofibromas. J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:57-61. [PMID: 30502797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 7-week-old male black Labrador retriever puppy was presented for post-mortem examination following progressive hindlimb paralysis and multiple masses within the skin. A highly compressive and infiltrative intradural mass was found within the T9-T11 spinal cord. Microscopical and immunohistochemical analysis revealed features compatible with spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The adjacent spinal cord had numerous melanin-containing cells, arranged in small nodules, predominantly within the grey matter (proposed term of 'micronodular neuromelanocytosis') and the left lateral thorax had multifocal dermal neurofibromas. In this case, the constellation of proliferative/neoplastic lesions represents a unique case presentation with unclear aetiology. Primary canine meningeal RMS of the spinal cord has not been reported previously and represents a novel differential diagnosis for spinal tumours of young dogs. Moreover, such cases should be assessed for the presence of additional congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Hoon-Hanks
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - C B Frank
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - E F Edmondson
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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3
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Yu S, Hoffmann K, Taylor D, Lurie D. Solitary spinal nephroblastoma progressing to multifocal disease in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Yu
- Department of OncologyAnimal Referral HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | | | - David Lurie
- Department of OncologyAnimal Referral HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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4
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Chen B, Li WT, Wang FI. A blastema-predominant canine renal nephroblastoma with gingival metastasis: case report and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018. [PMID: 29528810 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718762560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephroblastomas are uncommon embryonal tumors in dogs. We report herein a blastema-predominant nephroblastoma with gingival metastasis in an 8-y-old Miniature Pinscher dog. Histologically, the mass was composed mainly of blastemal elements with minor epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Metastatic masses in the gingiva had histologic and immunohistochemical features similar to those of the primary renal nephroblastoma. Neoplastic cells were extensively positive for both vimentin and PAX8, and scattered positive for cytokeratin. Using the clinical staging of human Wilms tumor, we staged our case as stage IV with <4 mo of survival time. We summarized previous studies of canine renal and spinal nephroblastomas, and analyzed the correlations among clinical staging, histologic classification, and mean survival time of dogs with renal nephroblastomas. Clinical staging was significantly correlated with survival time, as shown in humans. In dogs, however, additional factors can potentially influence the outcome of treatment and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Li
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fun-In Wang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Henker LC, Bianchi RM, Vargas TP, de Oliveira EC, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Multifocal Spinal Cord Nephroblastoma in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2017; 158:12-16. [PMID: 29422310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.10.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A 1-year-old male American pit bull terrier was presented with a history of proprioceptive deficits and mild lameness of the right hindlimb, which progressed after 5 months to paraparesis, culminating in tetraparesis after 2 weeks. Necropsy findings were limited to the spinal cord and consisted of multiple, intradural, extramedullary, slightly red masses which produced segmental areas of medullary swelling located in the cervical intumescence, thoracolumbar column, sacral segment and cauda equina. Histological evaluation revealed a tumour, composed of epithelial, stromal and blastemal cells, with structures resembling tubules, acini and embryonic glomeruli. Immunohistochemical labelling for vimentin, cytokeratin and S100 was positive for the stromal, epithelial and blastemal cells, respectively. A final diagnosis of multifocal spinal cord nephroblastoma was established. This is the first report of such a tumour showing concomitant involvement of the cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, sacral and cauda equina areas of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Henker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - R M Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T P Vargas
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E C de Oliveira
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - D Driemeier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S P Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Besalti O, Caliskan M, Can P, Vural SA, Algin O, Ahlat O. Imaging and surgical outcomes of spinal tumors in 18 dogs and one cat. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:225-34. [PMID: 26645333 PMCID: PMC4921671 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological appearances and surgical outcomes of 18 dogs and one cat with spinal tumors are presented. Medical records of the cases admitted for spinal disorders were reviewed, and cases of spinal tumors that were diagnosed by MRI and confirmed by histological examination were included in this study. T1 weighted, T2 weighted and contrast enhanced T1 weighted images were taken and interpreted to evaluate the spinal tumors. The tumors were diagnosed as: meningioma (n = 6), ependymoma (n = 1), nerve sheath tumor (n = 4), metastatic spinal tumor (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 2), osteoma (n = 1), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 1), and nephroblastoma (n = 1). Thirteen cases underwent surgical operation and the remaining six cases were euthanized at the request of the owners. The neurological status of the surgical cases did not deteriorate, except for one dog that showed ependymoma in the early period after the operation. These results indicate the potential for surgical gross total tumor removal of vertebral tumors to provide better quality of life and surgical collection of histological specimens for definitive diagnosis. For effective case management, dedicated MRI examination is important to accurate evaluation of the spinal tumors, and surgical treatment is useful for extradural and intradural-extramedullary spinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Besalti
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Murat Caliskan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Pinar Can
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Sevil Atalay Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Oktay Algin
- Radiology Department, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ahlat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
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7
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Langen N, von Pückler K, Tillmanns C, Bornand V, Kramer M, Schmidt MJ. [Spinal nephroblastoma at an uncommon localization in a dog]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2017; 45:115-121. [PMID: 28205668 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-151008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A 7-month-old intact male Otterhound was presented for diagnosis of progressive hindlimb paresis. The neurological examination revealed a severe ambulatory paraparesis localised to the left-sided region of the lower motor neuron (L4-S1). Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive for an intradural-extramedullary neoplasia at the fifth lumbar vertebra. Surgical exploration demonstrated an intradural-extramedullary mass, which partially invaded the spinal cord. The mass was removed with the exception of the intramedullar part, and the diagnosis of a nephroblastoma was made histopathologically. Following radiation therapy, the dog fully recovered and displayed no signs of neurological dysfunction 9 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Langen
- Dr. Norbert Langen, Klinik für Kleintiere - Chirurgie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 108, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail:
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Wu Y, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang H, Cao X, Wang J. Extrarenal nephroblastomatosis in children: a report of two cases. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:255. [PMID: 25288411 PMCID: PMC4287104 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrarenal nephroblastomatosis is a rare entity which occurs in retroperitoneum and inguinal region predominantly. Here we report two cases of primary extrarenal nephroblastomatosis of Han Chinese in Asian in unusual locations, one is located in testis and paratestis, and the other is paraspinal cord. CASE PRESENTATION Patient 1 was a 19-month-old boy with a hard and nodular mass adherent to the left testis in inguinal region. Patient 2 was a 9-month-old boy with a 1 × 0.7 × 0.4 cm mass in spinal canal at the midline thoracolumbar region. Histological examinations of the two patients after operations revealed extrarenall nephroblastomatosis with multiple nephrogenic foci, composed of immature glomeruli, tubules and blastemal cells.Then the patients were closely monitored without adjuvant chemotherapy, and has been alive and well without any recurrence for >6 months. CONCLUSIONS Most nephrogenic rests remain subclinical, and thus, complete excision of the lesion with conservative treatment is recommended. Otherwise, nephrogenic rests are close associated with Wilms tumor and regular follow-up is required to ensure early detection of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xueming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Jiangsu 215003, China.
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Brewer DM, Cerda-Gonzalez S, Dewey CW, Diep AN, Van Horne K, McDonough SP. Spinal cord nephroblastoma in dogs: 11 cases (1985-2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 238:618-24. [PMID: 21355804 DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.5.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical features and outcome of dogs with a confirmed spinal cord nephroblastoma and to describe the use of Wilms tumor-1 (WT-1) immunohistochemical staining to confirm a diagnosis of nephroblastoma in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. Animals-11 dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma were reviewed. Information extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, tumor location, treatment, and outcome. The diagnosis was confirmed through histologic review and WT-1 immunohistochemical staining of a tumor sample. In dogs with negative results for staining with WT-1, staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein was performed. RESULTS 11 dogs had a spinal cord tumor with a histologic appearance and immunohistochemical staining consistent with a nephroblastoma. Positive results for staining with WT-1 were detected in 9 of 11 dogs. Age at admission ranged from 5 to 48 months (median, 14 months). Nine dogs were female. All had progressive paraparesis, paraplegia, or ataxia. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 2 to 60 days (median, 14 days). Median survival time was 30 days from the time of diagnosis. Median survival time in dogs treated via surgical resection was 70.5 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prognosis for dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma appeared to be poor, although combined surgical resection and radiation therapy may provide a good functional outcome. Results for staining with WT-1 can be used to support a diagnosis of nephroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Brewer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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10
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Liebel FX, Rossmeisl JH, Lanz OI, Robertson JL. Canine spinal nephroblastoma: long-term outcomes associated with treatment of 10 cases (1996-2009). Vet Surg 2011; 40:244-52. [PMID: 21223320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report clinical outcome associated with treatment of canine spinal cord nephroblastoma (CSN). STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS Dogs (n=10) with histopathologically confirmed CSN. METHODS Records of dogs with CSN were reviewed and clinicopathologic, diagnostic imaging, treatment, outcome, and survival data were collected. RESULTS CSN resulted in clinical signs of chronic, progressive T3-L3 myelopathy in young, large breed dogs, with an overrepresentation of German Shepherd Dogs (n=4). All CSN were located between T9 and L2. Dogs treated with cytoreductive surgery (n=6) or radiotherapy (1) survived longer (median, 374 days; range, 226-560 days) than dogs treated palliatively (3; median, 55 days; range, 38-176 days). Tumors confined to an intradural-extramedullary (ID-EM) location were associated with superior survival (n=6; median, 380 days; range, 176-560 days) than tumors with intramedullary (IM) involvement (n=4; median, 140 days; range, 38-269 days). Treatment resulted in temporary improvement in neurologic function in 9 dogs, including all dogs treated surgically, but local disease progression resulted in death of 8 dogs. CONCLUSIONS Results of this observational study suggest that surgical cytoreduction and radiotherapy are effective at improving survival in dogs with CSN, and that ID-EM tumors may be associated with a more favorable prognosis than IM neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Liebel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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12
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Loderstedt S, Walmsley GL, Summers BA, Cappello R, Volk HA. Neurological, imaging and pathological features of a meningeal inflammatory pseudotumour in a Maltese terrier. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 51:387-92. [PMID: 20536688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A five-year eight-month-old Maltese terrier was presented with a 3-week history of progressive paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. Neurological examination was consistent with a lesion involving the T3-L3 spinal cord segments. Myelogram and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spherical, intradural-extramedullary mass lesion at T13/L1. A dorsal laminectomy, durotomy and debulking of the mass were performed. Histopathologic examination revealed a highly cellular tissue, most likely of mesenchymal origin, infiltrated by many lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. The pathological diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumour was made. Postsurgical analgesia was achieved with opioids and 2 mg/kg carprofen twice daily for 5 days. When the histopathological diagnosis was made, a tapering course of 1 mg/kg prednisolone twice daily was prescribed, with dose reduction by approximately 50% every 4 to 6 weeks over a 4-month period. Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated at 22, 32 and 85 weeks postsurgery; no signs of regrowth could be detected and the patient recovered with residual mild paraparesis. Inflammatory pseudotumour has not been documented previously at this site in dogs and, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a focal mass lesion affecting the spinal cord. Surgical debulking and immunomodulatory therapy can be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Loderstedt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Ohta G, Kobayashi M, Sakai H, Masegi T, Yanai T. Proliferative potential of a spinal nephroblastoma in a young dog. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:79-82. [PMID: 22271979 PMCID: PMC3246021 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative potential of a spinal nephroblastoma was studied in a young dog. A 4-month-old, female golden retriever showed developing deterioration in her gait and subsequent paralysis of her hind legs. At necropsy, a well-demarcated grayish brown tumor mass was found in the lumbar spinal cord segments between L2 and L3. Histologically, a blastemal cell tumor with a tubule- or glomeruli-like structure was found to be infiltrating intradurally. Proliferating cells at the S-phase, assessed using the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling method, were seen occasionally in the tubular cells and glomeruli-like structures and were frequently seen in the blastemal cells. Immunohistochemically, the tubular epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin, and the blastemal cells were positive for vimentin. The present tumor showed a high potential for growth and invasion, which suggests that it the potential to expand into the adjacent spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Nakade T, Inoue A, Shimazaki H, Miyoshi K, Takeuchi N, Kadosawa T, Akihara Y, Taniyama H, Ishida O. Spinal nephroblastoma in a miniature Dachshund. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 68:1383-5. [PMID: 17213716 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old castrated miniature Dachshund dog was presented to the Rakuno Gakuen Veterinary Teaching Hospital for diagnosis of progressive hindlimb paresis and ataxia. There was no thoracolumbar intervertebral disk hernia and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramedullary spinal cord lesion at the ninth and tenth thoracic vertebrae. Following surgical excision of the neoplasm, there was minor amelioration of neurological signs, but forelimb function was not recovered. The extracted tumor was histopathlogically diagnosed as spinal nephroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Nakade
- Section of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Rodenas S, Valin I, Devauchelle P, Delisle F, Baron M. Combined Use of Surgery and Radiation in the Treatment of an Intradural Myxoid Liposarcoma in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2006; 42:386-91. [PMID: 16960043 DOI: 10.5326/0420386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An intradural-extramedullary myxoid liposarcoma of the high cervical spine was diagnosed in a 9-year-old, spayed female Cavalier King Charles spaniel that was presented for a 2-month history of cervical pain and tetraparesis. Radiation therapy applied after surgery resulted in complete remission of the neurological deficits. The tumor recurred 18 months after surgical excision. A second surgery and another course of radiotherapy again resulted in complete remission of the clinical signs. The dog was euthanized 11 months after the second surgery because of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rodenas
- Clinique Vétérinaire de référence en chirurgie Baron-Valin, 5 rue fernet, 94700, Maisons Alfort, France
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Vural SA, Besalti O, Ilhan F, Ozak A, Haligur M. Ventricular ependymoma in a German Shepherd dog. Vet J 2006; 172:185-7. [PMID: 16772146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with clinical, pathomorphological and immunohistological methods, a ependymoma is described in a 9-year-old German Shepherd dog, which presented with behavioural and oculocephalic responses and generalised ataxia. The ependymoma, 9 x 6 x 5mm in size, was localised intra-axially in the right interventricular foramen and hydrocephalus was observed by MRI. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of pseudorosettes, and immunohistochemical examination revealed vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Atalay Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ueno H, Morimoto M, Kobayashi Y, Hizume T, Murayama N, Uzuka Y. Surgical and radiotherapy treatment of a spinal cord ependymoma in a dog. Aust Vet J 2006; 84:36-9. [PMID: 16498832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.tb13121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old Beagle dog was presented for investigation of a left pelvic limb gait abnormality. Neurolocalisation indicated a lumbar (L2 to L5) spinal cord lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an intramedullary mass was demonstrated at L3. The mass was partially removed under general anaesthesia and a diagnosis of ependymoma was made on histological examination. The dog was treated with postoperative orthovoltage x-ray radiation (total dose; 44 Gy given in 11 fractions over a 4 week period) combined with low dose carboplatin (25 mg/m2). The dog was alive 16 months after surgery without further neurological deficits. No further tumour growth was detected on subsequent MRI evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ueno
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
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Horenstein MG, Manci EA, Walker AB, Dehner LP. Lumbosacral Ectopic Nephrogenic Rest Unassociated With Spinal Dysraphism. Am J Surg Pathol 2004; 28:1389-92. [PMID: 15371957 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000131557.49774.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nephrogenic rests (NRs) are thought to originate from persistent nephrogenic blastema and are considered precursor lesions of Wilms' tumor (WT). These rests usually occur as perilobar and intralobar lesions in the kidney and, rarely, in ectopic sites. We report a midline lumbosacral ectopic NR in a healthy full-term newborn male with no family history of WT or WT-associated syndromes. The NR presented as a soft polypoid mass covered by normal skin. An MRI study revealed no lumbosacral spine abnormalities and no communication with the vertebral canal. The resected mass measured 3 cm and contained fat and had a central 1.2-cm solid nodule. The nodule was composed of blastema, epithelial elements (mature tubules and nephrons), and abundant stroma. No other somatic tissue elements were identified after complete microscopic examination. There are 4 cases of NRs reported in the lumbosacral area associated with spinal dysraphism, and only 2 cases, in addition to our report, unassociated with spinal abnormalities. The pathogenesis of heterotopic immature nephrogenic tissue remains a source of conjecture and speculation. If these lesions are heterotopic rests, their potential for neoplastic progression is probably quite limited, but if a monodermal teratoma, then more scrupulous clinical follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Horenstein
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine and Medical Center, 2451 Fillingim Street, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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Abstract
A three-year-old, male crossbreed dog presented with progressive hindlimb paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramedullary spinal cord lesion of 1.5 cm diameter at the levels of the first and second lumbar vertebrae. Following surgical excision of the mass, there was resolution of the neurological signs. Twelve months later, hindlimb paresis was again evident. A second surgical procedure restored ambulatory status for a further five months before signs recurred and the dog was euthanased. A diagnosis of spinal nephroblastoma was made on the basis of signalment, lesion location and histopathological analysis of biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S H Sale
- Oakwood Veterinary Referrals, Willows Veterinary Hospital, 267 Chester Road, Hartford, Northwich, Cheshire CW8 1LP
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21
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Abstract
An 8-month-old German Shepherd dog was presented for investigation of pelvic limb gait abnormality. Neurolocalization indicated a T3-L3 spinal cord lesion. The myelographic appearance was of an intramedullary lesion at T9/10, but upon subsequent magnetic resonance imaging it was determined that the mass was extramedullary. A diagnosis of nephroblastoma was made on histological examination. The imaging features of this rare tumor and the differentiation of intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary masses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fraser McConnell
- Animal Health Trust, Center for Small Animal Studies, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
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22
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McDonnell JJ, Knowles KE, deLahunta A, Bell JS, Lowrie CT, Todhunter RJ. Thoracolumbar spinal cord compression due to vertebral process degenerative joint disease in a family of Shiloh Shepherd dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2003; 17:530-7. [PMID: 12892304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Five young Shiloh Shepherd Dogs (4 males and 1 female) related by a common sire were studied because of progressive pelvic limb weakness and incoordination. All dogs had a spastic paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia consistent with an upper motor neuron and general proprioceptive lesion between spinal cord segments T3 and L3. Proliferative lesions involving one or more of the articular processes from the 11th thoracic vertebrae to the 2nd lumbar vertebra were observed on radiographs of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Dorsal compression of the spinal cord was identified during imaging studies at these sites. Abnormalities of the synovial joints and bony proliferation of the involved articular processes were identified at postmortem examination in 2 dogs. The articular processes and associated vertebral arches protruded into the vertebral canal, indenting the dorsal surface of the spinalcord. Degenerative joint disease (DJD) was identified histologically. A compressive myelopathy was diagnosed in the spinal cord. These dogs were affected by a compressive myelopathy as a consequence of vertebral process DJD that likely has a geneticcomponent. The DJD could have been caused by a primary vertebral malformation or an injury to the processes at a young age causing malarticulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McDonnell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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23
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Fernandez FR, Grindem CB, Brown TT, Sharp NJH, Saulnier M. Cytologic and histologic features of a poorly differentiated glioma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2003; 26:182-186. [PMID: 12658582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.1997.tb00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year old female Boxer with a 1-week history of progressive paresis and paraplegia had a T10-13 subarachnoid filling defect on myelography. Exploratory hemilaminectomy revealed an intramedullary spinal cord tumor which was subsequently diagnosed as a poorly differentiated glioma, most likely an anaplastic ependymoma. The cytologic, histologic, and immunocytochemical staining characteristics of this neoplasm are described. Differential diagnoses, including primary and secondary tumors involving the central nervous system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelia R. Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606
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24
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Gasser AM, Bush WW, Smith S, Walton R. Extradural spinal, bone marrow, and renal nephroblastoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39:80-5. [PMID: 12549619 DOI: 10.5326/0390080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 1-year-old, female intact Shetland sheepdog presented with acute onset of neurological signs. Physical examination revealed a large abdominal mass. Neurological examination revealed multifocal disease with neck pain, short-strided forelimbs, and hind-limb paresis with loss of tail and anal tone. Blood work, imaging techniques, cytopathology, and histopathology led to a diagnosis of renal, bone-marrow, and extradural spinal nephroblastoma. This report documents potential clinical and pathological manifestations of canine nephroblastoma that have not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gasser
- Department of Clinical Studies, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Neel
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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26
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Dickinson PJ, McEntee MC, Lipsitz D, Keel K, LeCouteur RA. Radiation induced vertebral osteosarcoma following treatment of an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001; 42:463-70. [PMID: 11678571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old neutered female Rottweiler diagnosed with an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor at T12-T13 was successfully treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by Cobalt 60 teletherapy. The dog was euthanised 5-and-a-half years later following diagnosis of an osteosarcoma involving the L1 and L2 vertebrae. Evidence of the initial tumor was not present at necropsy. The vertebral neoplasm fulfilled all of the accepted criteria for a radiation induced tumor. It was concluded that adjunctive irradiation should be considered for treatment of intradural extramedullary tumors of young dogs when total surgical resection is not possible. Although tumor induction is a rare late effect of radiation therapy, the risk of this occurrence should be considered when irradiating young animals. Radiation induced tumors in dogs have been associated with coarse fractionation schemes, or when large intraoperative doses have been administered. A lower dose per fraction, e.g., 3 Gy/fraction or less, is advisable when irradiating young dogs or any dog in which the life expectancy is 3-5 or more years after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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27
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Abstract
The meningioma is one of the most common intradural spinal neoplasms in dogs. Such tumours are usually solitary, well-defined masses that tend to occur in mature and aged dogs. Several variants have been described in the medical and veterinary literature. This paper records a case of a spinal meningioma that extended from the cervical to the lumbosacral spine, with concurrent hydrocephalus, in a 5-month-old male Rhodesian Ridgeback. The tumour appeared to be a meningothelial meningioma with focal mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yeomans
- Veterinary Pathology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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28
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Pearson GR, Gregory SP, Charles AK. Immunohistochemical demonstration of Wilms tumour gene product WT1 in a canine "neuroepithelioma" providing evidence for its classification as an extrarenal nephroblastoma. J Comp Pathol 1997; 116:321-7. [PMID: 9147249 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9975(97)80006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An intradural extramedullary tumour, surgically removed from the spinal canal of a young dog with paraplegia, had the histological appearance of a nephroblastoma. Subsequent necropsy revealed no evidence of a renal primary tumour or of any other tumour. Similar tumours of the spinal canal have been described previously under a variety of names, in particular neuroepithelioma. With an antibody to the human Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) gene product WT1, labelling of glomeruloid bodies, similar to glomerular podocytes in human fetal kidney, was demonstrated in the tumour. This finding strengthened the suggestion that it was a nephroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Pearson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, UK
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29
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Siegel S, Kornegay JN, Thrall DE. POSTOPERATIVE IRRADIATION OF SPINAL CORD TUMORS IN 9 DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1996.tb01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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30
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Abstract
An area of intramedullary spinal cord enlargement at the thoracolumbar junction was identified by myelography in each of two dogs. Exploratory laminectomy followed by durotomy and myelotomy permitted removal of an intramedullary neoplasm in each dog. In one animal the tumour was diagnosed to be an ependymoma, in the other the tumour had the characteristics of a nephroblastoma. Following surgery each dog recovered quickly to pre-operative status or better. In one dog there was long term resolution of neurological deficits, while the other was euthanased because of persistent faecal incontinence.
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31
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Abstract
Although the treatment of central nervous system neoplasms generally is unrewarding, some animals with spinal neoplasia may, for a variety of reasons, be successfully managed for extended periods of time. The veterinary profession has greater experience with spinal surgery than with intracranial surgery. As a result, surgeons are more willing to attempt and more successful at removing or debulking spinal neoplasms. Additionally, there are more affordable and accessible diagnostic procedures available to evaluate the spinal cord than there are to evaluate the brain. Finally, the majority of tumors that affect the spinal cord are extramedullary and are therefore amenable to attempts to remove them surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Luttgen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins
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