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Sowińska-Przepiera E, Krzyścin M, Syrenicz I, Ćwiertnia A, Orlińska A, Ćwiek D, Branecka-Woźniak D, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Bumbulienė Ž, Syrenicz A. Evaluation of Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women, Including Selected Hormonal Parameters. Biomedicines 2024; 12:758. [PMID: 38672114 PMCID: PMC11048270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The absence of non-invasive methods for assessing bone material and structural changes is a significant diagnostic challenge. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone mineral density (BMD) testing is the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis. BMD and the trabecular bone score (TBS) have facilitated targeted osteoporosis prevention and treatment in clinical settings. The findings from this study indicate that BMD modulation in young women is influenced by various hormones, potentially compromising the diagnostic precision of BMD for subclinical bone demineralization. A total of 205 women aged 19 to 37 underwent anthropometric measurements and hormonal tests. BMD was determined using DXA, and TBS values were computed from the lumbar spine L1-L4 segment. The multivariate analysis findings suggest that BMD might not be determined by hormones. The relationship between TBS and TSH was statistically significant in the univariate analysis, which indicates the efficacy of further studies to determine the link between TBS and specific hormones. Analyzing the strength of the correlation between TBS and hormones in the univariate analysis shows which factors are worth considering in further analyses. This makes it possible to create better techniques that will help identify young women who are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (I.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mariola Krzyścin
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Igor Syrenicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (I.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrianna Ćwiertnia
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.Ć.); (A.O.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Adrianna Orlińska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.Ć.); (A.O.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Dorota Ćwiek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dorota Branecka-Woźniak
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.Ć.); (A.O.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Žana Bumbulienė
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Anhelli Syrenicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (I.S.); (A.S.)
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Toyama KS, Tinius A, Mahler DL. Evidence supporting an evolutionary trade-off between material properties and architectural design in Anolis lizard long bones. Evolution 2024; 78:315-328. [PMID: 37964744 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In biology, "many-to-one mapping" occurs when multiple morphological forms can meet a particular functional demand. Knowledge of this mapping is crucial for understanding how selection on performance shapes the evolution of morphological diversity. Past research has focused primarily on the potential for geometrically alternative morphological designs to produce equivalent performance outcomes. Here, we ask whether the material properties of biological tissues hold similar potential. Through a phylogenetic comparative study of Anolis lizards, we show that the architectural design and mineral density of the femur trade off in a many-to-one functional system, yielding a morphospace featuring parallel isolines in size-relative bending strength. Anole femur evolution has largely tracked a narrow band of strength isolines over phylogenetic timescales, suggesting that geometry and mineral content shape the course of macroevolution through compensatory effects on performance. Despite this conserved evolutionary relationship, insular and continental species evolve strong bones differently, likely reflecting underlying ecological differences. Mainland anoles, which exhibit fast-paced life histories, typically have femora with lower mineralization and thinner walls than island species, which exhibit the opposite strategy. Together, our results reveal an overlooked dimension in the relationship between form and function, expanding our understanding of how many-to-one mapping can shape patterns of phenotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Toyama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Tinius
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 ON, Canada
| | - D Luke Mahler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 ON, Canada
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Georgi GM, Knauth S, Hirsch E, Schulz-Kornas E, Kahl-Nieke B, Püschel K, Amling M, Koehne T, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Petersen J. Age-related changes in the midpalatal suture: Comparison between CBCT staging and bone micromorphology. Bone 2024; 179:116984. [PMID: 38013020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The age-related maturation of the human midpalatal suture is challenging to predict, but critical for successful non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion (RME). While cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used to categorize the suture into stages, it remains unclear how well the stages predict the actual micromorphology of the palate. To address this clinically relevant question, we used CBCT together with three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis on 24 human palate specimens from individuals aged 14-34 years. We first classified the specimens into stages (A-E) using CBCT images and then correlated the results with our comprehensive μCT analysis. Our analysis focused on several factors, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), sutural width, volume, interdigitation, ossification, and their associations with age, CBCT stage, and sex. Our μCT analysis revealed a decrease in sutural width and volume after the age of 20 years, accompanied by sutural closure beginning in the palatal segment. The overall rate of ossification remained low but increased after the age of 20 years. No significant differences were found between males and females. Importantly, we also found no correlation between individual age and CBCT stages. Furthermore, there was no association between CBCT stages and patalal suture volume, ossification and interdigitation. Taken together, our findings cast doubt on the reliability of CBCT stage as a means of predicting skeletal maturity of the palatal suture, as it appears to lack the precision required to accurately assess the true micromorphology of the palatal suture. Future investigations should explore whether alternative CBCT parameters may be more useful in addressing the challenging question of whether RME requires surgical bone weakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Marie Georgi
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Knauth
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edgar Hirsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Korbmacher-Steiner
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Dental School, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Lin W, Yi M, Song J, Ding L. Effect of long-term cervical extensor exercise program on functional disability, pain intensity, range of motion, cervical muscle mass, and cervical curvature in young adult population with chronic non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:9. [PMID: 38169407 PMCID: PMC10763386 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP) is on the rise among the young adult population. We herein aimed to compare the effects of long-term specific cervical extensor training and stretching exercises on improving this chronic disorder in young adults. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, 70 participants aged 18-35 years with CNNP and cervical lordosis loss were included. The participants were assigned to undergo either specific cervical extensor training (observation group) or perform usual stretching exercises (control group). The exercise duration was set at 12 months, with 9 months at the clinic and 3 months at home. The outcome assessments included changes in the neck disability index, visual analog scale from baseline, cervical range of motion (CROM), cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of cervical extensors, and cervical curvature from baseline. The outcome measures were compared between groups at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS All 70 participants underwent randomization, and no significant differences in demographics and baseline data were found between the two groups. The observation group showed a greater improvement in neck disability index and visual analog scale scores at the 12-month follow-up than the control group. Additionally, a more substantial increase in CROM and CSAs of cervical extensors was observed in the observation group at the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups (P < 0.05). Although more participants in the observation group achieved cervical lordosis at the 12-month follow-up, the difference was marginally nonsignificant (9% in the control group vs. 28% in the observation group, P = 0.075). CONCLUSIONS In young adults with CNNP, long-term specific cervical extensor training was associated with a more significant clinically meaningful improvement in disability, pain, and CROM than stretching exercises. The increased CSAs of cervical extensors may potentially contribute to the restoration of cervical lordosis. Trial registration The study is registered at the Chinese domestic clinical trial (ChiCTR2000040009) at Chictr.org. The date of registration: November 18, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wancheng Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixiang Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.
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He D, Liu H, Wei W, Zhao Y, Cai Q, Shi S, Chu X, Qin X, Zhang N, Xu P, Zhang F. A longitudinal genome-wide association study of bone mineral density mean and variability in the UK Biobank. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1907-1916. [PMID: 37500982 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is an essential predictor of osteoporosis and fracture. We conducted a genome-wide trajectory analysis of BMD and analyzed the BMD change. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the genetic architecture and potential biomarkers of BMD. METHODS Our analysis included 141,261 white participants from the UK Biobank with heel BMD phenotype data. We used a genome-wide trajectory analysis tool, TrajGWAS, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BMD. Then, we validated our findings in previously reported BMD genetic associations and performed replication analysis in the Asian participants. Finally, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the identified candidate genes was conducted using the FUMA platform. RESULTS A total of 52 genes associated with BMD trajectory mean were identified, of which the top three significant genes were WNT16 (P = 1.31 × 10-126), FAM3C (P = 4.18 × 10-108), and CPED1 (P = 8.48 × 10-106). In addition, 114 genes associated with BMD within-subject variability were also identified, such as AC092079.1 (P = 2.72 × 10-13) and RGS7 (P = 4.72 × 10-10). The associations for these candidate genes were confirmed in the previous GWASs and replicated successfully in the Asian participants. GSEA results of BMD change identified multiple GO terms related to skeletal development, such as SKELETAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (Padjusted = 2.45 × 10-3) and REGULATION OF OSSIFICATION (Padjusted = 2.45 × 10-3). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the CPED1-WNT16-FAM3C locus plays a significant role in BMD mean trajectories and identified several novel candidate genes contributing to BMD within-subject variability, facilitating the understanding of the genetic architecture of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Peng H, Lu T, Xiong S, Ferrer ASN, Wang Y. Calcium and magnesium in China's public drinking water and their daily estimated average requirements. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3447-3464. [PMID: 36342636 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in drinking water and the relevant health effects have been ignored for too long. This study aims to reveal the concentrations, spatial distributions, origins and contributions to the daily estimated average requirements of Ca and Mg in public drinking water. Using hydrochemical data of collected samples of public drinking water in 314 cities across China, the contributions of Ca and Mg intakes from public drinking water to their daily estimated average requirements (EARs) were assessed. And the significance of Ca/Mg ratio and total hardness (TH) was evaluated as well. The Ca and Mg concentrations of the samples were in the range of 2.5-155.1 mg/L and 0.2-81.9 mg/L, with an average of 40.4 mg/L and 12.4 mg/L, respectively. There exist obvious differences in Ca and Mg concentrations in different regions, under the impact of climate conditions and water-rock interactions. The intake of Ca via the consumption of public drinking water for adults may be twice as much as that for other age groups. In cities with high Ca levels in public drinking water, the Ca contributions to EAR could reach up to 51.59% for adults. By contrast, Mg in drinking water is an important and even the main pathway to ingest Mg for infants and children. Therefore, public drinking water is critical for Ca and Mg intake among urban residents of China. Besides, attention should be paid to the health effects of high Ca/Mg ratio and low TH in public drinking water, especially in southern China. This research is the first systematic and comprehensive national scale study of Ca and Mg in public drinking water and can provide an important reference to improve healthy public drinking water standards around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Wuhan Zondy W&R Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | | | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430078, China.
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Hilkens L, Boerboom M, van Schijndel N, Bons J, van Loon LJC, van Dijk JW. Bone turnover following high-impact exercise is not modulated by collagen supplementation in young men: A randomized cross-over trial. Bone 2023; 170:116705. [PMID: 36804484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed whether collagen supplementation augments the effects of high-impact exercise on bone turnover and whether a higher exercise frequency results in a greater benefit for bone metabolism. METHODS In this randomized, cross-over trial, 14 healthy males (age 24 ± 4 y, BMI 22.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2) performed 5-min of high-impact exercise once (JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL) or twice daily (JUMP2+COL2) during a 3-day intervention period, separated by a 10-day wash out period. One hour before every exercise bout participants ingested 20 g hydrolysed collagen (JUMP+COL and JUMP2+COL2) or a placebo control (JUMP+PLA). Blood markers of bone formation (P1NP) and resorption (CTXI) were assessed in the fasted state before the ingestion of the initial test drinks and 24, 48, and 72 h thereafter. In JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL, additional blood samples were collected in the postprandial state at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 13 h after ingestion of the test drink. RESULTS In the postprandial state, serum P1NP concentrations decreased marginally from 99 ± 37 to 93 ± 33 ng/mL in JUMP+COL, and from 97 ± 32 to 92 ± 31 ng/mL in JUMP+PLA, with P1NP levels having returned to baseline levels after 13 h (time-effect, P = 0.053). No differences in serum P1NP concentrations were observed between JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL (time x treatment, P = 0.58). Serum CTX-I concentrations showed a ~ 50 % decline (time, P < 0.001) in the postprandial state in JUMP+COL (0.9 ± 0.3 to 0.4 ± 0.2 ng/mL) and JUMP+PLA (0.9 ± 0.3 to 0.4 ± 0.2 ng/mL), with no differences between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.17). Fasted serum P1NP concentrations increased ~8 % by daily jumping exercise (time-effect, P < 0.01), with no differences between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.71). Fasted serum CTX-I concentrations did not change over time (time-effect, P = 0.41) and did not differ between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS Five minutes of high-impact exercise performed daily stimulates bone formation during a 3-day intervention period. This was indicated by an increase in fasted serum P1NP concentrations, rather than an acute increase in post-exercise serum P1NP concentrations. Collagen supplementation or an increase in exercise frequency does not further increase serum P1NP concentrations. The bone resorption marker CTX-I was not affected by daily short-duration high-impact exercise with or without concurrent collagen supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Hilkens
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Boerboom
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick van Schijndel
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Bons
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem van Dijk
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Kuiper JR, Pan S, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Chen A, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Buckley JP. Associations of maternal gestational urinary environmental phenols concentrations with bone mineral density among 12-year-old children in the HOME Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114104. [PMID: 36525700 PMCID: PMC9898141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life environmental exposures may affect bone mass accrual in childhood, but only one study has assessed the role of environmental phenols on child bone health. METHODS We used data from 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, OH; 2003-2006). We quantified benzophenone-3, bisphenol A (BPA), 2,5-dichlorophenol, and triclosan in maternal urine collected at 16- and 26-weeks gestation and calculated the average of creatinine-adjusted concentrations. We performed dual x-ray absorptiometry at age 12 years and calculated Z-scores for whole body (less head), total hip, femoral neck, and 1/3rd distal radius bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as well as ultra-distal radius aBMD and spine BMC and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). We estimated covariate-adjusted associations per doubling of maternal urinary environmental phenol concentrations in linear regression models. We also examined effect measure modification by child's sex and estimated associations of the environmental phenol mixture with BMC and aBMD using quantile g-computation. RESULTS We observed generally null associations for all analytes and bone measures. Yet, in adjusted models, higher urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with higher 1/3rd distal radius BMC (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) and aBMD (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) Z-scores in the overall sample. In sex-stratified analyses, the magnitude of the BMC association was positive for females (β: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26) and null for males (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.13). The environmental phenol mixture was associated with greater 1/3rd distal radius BMC and aBMD Z-scores in both sexes, which was mostly driven by benzophenone-3 in males and 2,5-dichlorophenol in females. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort study, we observed generally null associations for environmental phenols with BMC and aBMD at age 12 years. While there was a positive association of 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations during fetal development with distal radius BMC and aBMD at age 12 years, future studies utilizing methods capable of differentiating cortical and trabecular bone are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms and implications for bone strength and microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shudi Pan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Lei WS, Rodrick EB, Belcher SL, Kelly A, Kindler JM. Bone resorption and incretin hormones following glucose ingestion in healthy emerging adults. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2023; 31:100314. [PMID: 36845829 PMCID: PMC9950953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2023.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in adults indicate that macronutrient ingestion yields an acute anti-resorptive effect on bone, reflected by decreases in C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), a biomarker of bone resorption, and that gut-derived incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), facilitate this response. There remain knowledge gaps relating to other biomarkers of bone turnover, and whether gut-bone cross-talk is operative during the years surrounding peak bone strength attainment. This study first, describes changes in bone resorption during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), and second, tests relationships between changes in incretins and bone biomarkers during OGTT and bone micro-structure. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 10 healthy emerging adults ages 18-25 years. During a multi-sample 2-hour 75 g OGTT, glucose, insulin, GIP, GLP-1, CTX, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assayed at mins 0, 30, 60, and 120. Incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) were computed from mins 0-30 and mins 0-120. Tibia bone micro-structure was assessed using second generation high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results During OGTT, glucose, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 increased significantly. CTX at min 30, 60, and 120 was significantly lower than min 0, with a maximum decrease of about 53 % by min 120. Glucose-iAUC0-30 inversely correlated with CTX-iAUC0-120 (rho = -0.91, P < 0.001), and GLP-1-iAUC0-30 positively correlated with BSAP-iAUC0-120 (rho = 0.83, P = 0.005), RANKL-iAUC0-120 (rho = 0.86, P = 0.007), and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (rho = 0.93, P < 0.001). Conclusions Glucose ingestion yields an anti-resorptive effect on bone metabolism during the years surrounding peak bone strength. Cross-talk between the gut and bone during this pivotal life stage requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shin Lei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Eugene B. Rodrick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Staci L. Belcher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M. Kindler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,Corresponding author.
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10
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Rand MS, Diemar SS, Møllehave LT, Heidemann M, Thuesen BH, Petersen JH, Johannesen J, Schou AJ, Wedderkopp N, Mølgaard C, Jørgensen NR. Z-scores of bone turnover markers calculated from new established sex- and age-specific reference curves are associated to future change in BMD in children and adolescents. Bone 2023; 167:116641. [PMID: 36481707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schønemann Rand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Sarah Seberg Diemar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Line Tang Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Malene Heidemann
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders J Schou
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Finsensgade 35, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Kumar R, Pathak VK. Prediction of cortical bone mineral apposition rate in response to loading using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:261-280. [PMID: 35373664 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2058322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Daily activities such as aerobic movements and athletic events found effective in mitigating bone loss as it promotes osteogenesis. Computational model considered normal strain, or strain energy density as a stimulus to predict site specific osteogenesis. This model, however, fails to predict site specific osteogenesis as cortical bone surfaces exhibit different remodelling rate to mechanical loading. Remodelling rate or mineral apposition rate depends upon the loading parameters such as loading cycle, frequency, and magnitude of strain. Therefore, the present study aims to develop an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for finding a robust relationship between loading parameters like strain magnitude, frequency, and cycle, and a bone remodelling parameter i.e. mineral apposition rate (MAR). The model is trained, tested, and checked with the experimental data. The results indicate that ANFIS model outperformed state of the art Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models during the prediction of MAR at periosteal and endosteal surface. A strong corelation R2 = 0.92 and R2 = 0.97 was observed at 70% of the input data at periosteal and endosteal surface respectively. Result concludes that endosteal surface was more promisable as compared to periosteal surface in predicting accurate MAR. The outcomes of present study may be used to precisely predict site-specific osteogenesis in cortical bone as function of loading parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Vimal Kumar Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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12
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Blomberg A, Mortensen J, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Bone mass density following developmental exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): a longitudinal cohort study. Environ Health 2022; 21:113. [PMID: 36402982 PMCID: PMC9675242 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures to industrial chemicals, including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), may play a role in bone development and future risk of osteoporosis. However, as prospective evidence is limited, the role of developmental PFAS exposures in bone density changes in childhood is unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between serum-PFAS concentrations measured in infancy and early childhood and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured at age 9 years in a birth cohort of children from the Faroe Islands. METHODS We prospectively measured concentrations of five PFAS in cord serum and serum collected at 18 months, 5 years and 9 years, and conducted whole-body DXA scans at the 9-year clinical visit. Our study included 366 mother-child pairs with DXA scans and at least one PFAS measurement. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of individual PFAS concentrations with age-, sex- and height-adjusted aBMD z-scores using multivariable regression models and applied formal mediation analysis to estimate the possible impact of by several measures of body composition. We also evaluated whether associations were modified by child sex. RESULTS We found PFAS exposures in childhood to be negatively associated with aBMD z-scores, with the strongest association seen for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) at age 5 years. A doubling in age-5 PFNA was associated with a 0.15 decrease in aBMD z-score (95% CI: - 0.26, - 0.039). The PFNA-aBMD association was significantly stronger in males than females, although effect modification by sex was not significant for other PFAS exposures. Results from the mediation analysis suggested that any potential associations between aBMD and 18-month PFAS concentrations may be mediated by total body fat and BMI, although most estimated total effects for PFAS exposures at age 18 months were non-significant. PFAS exposures at age 9 were not associated with age-9 aBMD z-scores. CONCLUSIONS The PFAS-aBMD associations identified in this and previous studies suggest that bone may be a target tissue for PFAS. Pediatric bone density has been demonstrated to strongly track through young adulthood and possibly beyond; therefore, these prospective results may have important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Blomberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22363, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jann Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, The Faroese National Hospital, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Azangou-Khyavy M, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Mohammadi E, Shobeiri P, Rashidi MM, Ahmadi N, Shahsavan S, Shirzad Moghaddam Z, Sohrabi H, Pourghasem F, Kalantar R, Ghaffari A, Hashemi SM, Rezaei N, Larijani B. Attributable disease burden related to low bone mineral density in Iran from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:140. [PMID: 36355233 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low bone mineral density (BMD) including low bone mass and osteoporosis is a bone state that carries the risk of fractures and the consequent burden. Since Iran has an aging population and is considered a high-risk country regarding fracture, the objective of this study was to report the low BMD attributable burden in Iran from 1990 to 2019 at national and subnational levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 estimates of exposure value and attributable burden were used. For each risk-outcome pair, following the estimation of relative risk, exposure level, and the Theoretical Minimum Risk Exposure Level (TMREL), the Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) and attributable burden were computed. The Summary Exposure Value (SEV) index was also computed. RESULTS Although the age-standardized DALYs and deaths decreased (- 41.0 [95% uncertainty interval: - 45.7 to - 33.2] and - 43.3 [- 48.9 to - 32.5]), attributable all age numbers in Iran increased from 1990 to 2019 (64.3 [50.6 to 89.1] and 66.8 [49.7 to 102.0]). The male gender had a higher low BMD attributed burden in Iran at national and subnational levels except for Tehran. Among low BMD-associated outcomes, motor vehicle road injuries and falls accounted for most of the low BMD-attributed burden in Iran. The SEV for low BMD remained constant from 1990 to 2019 in the country and females had higher SEVs. CONCLUSION Low BMD and the associated outcomes has to gain attention in Iran's health system due to an aging population. Hence, timely interventions by health systems and the population at stake might assist in reducing the burden attributed to low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Shahsavan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirzad Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanye Sohrabi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Pourghasem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Kalantar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aydin Ghaffari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Melika Hashemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Social stratification reflected in bone mineral density and stature: Spectral imaging and osteoarchaeological findings from medieval Norway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275448. [PMID: 36260599 PMCID: PMC9581373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents skeletal material from five medieval burial sites in Eastern Norway, confined to one royal burial church, one Dominican monastery, and three burial sites representing parish populations. We combine osteological analysis and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, studying the remains of 227 individuals (102 females and 125 males) employing young, middle, and old adult age categories. The aim is to assess bone mineral density as a skeletal indicator of socioeconomic status including stature as a variable. We detected that socioeconomic status significantly affected bone mineral density and stature. Individuals of high status had higher bone mineral density (0.07 g/cm2, p = 0.003) and taller stature (1.85 cm, p = 0.017) than individuals from the parish population. We detected no significant relationship between young adult bone mineral density and socioeconomic status (p = 0.127 and 0.059 for females and males, respectively). For males, high young adult bone mineral density and stature varied concordantly in both status groups. In contrast, females of high status were significantly taller than females in the parish population (p = 0.011). Our findings indicate quite different conditions during growth and puberty for the two groups of females. The age-related pattern of bone variation also portrayed quite different trajectories for the two socioeconomic status groups of both sexes. We discuss sociocultural practices (living conditions during childhood and puberty, as well as nutritional and lifestyle factors in adult life), possibly explaining the differences in bone mineral density between the high-status and parish population groups. The observation of greater differences in bone mineral density and stature for females than males in the medieval society of Norway is also further discussed.
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15
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Kvammen JA, Stensvold E, Godang K, Bollerslev J, Myklebust TÅ, Brandal P, Henriksen C, Bechensteen AG. Bone mineral density and nutrition in long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:162-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Vilaca T, Eastell R, Schini M. Osteoporosis in men. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:273-283. [PMID: 35247315 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis in men is a common but often overlooked disorder by clinicians. The criterion for osteoporosis diagnosis in men is similar to that in women-namely, a bone mineral density (BMD) that is 2·5 standard deviations or more below the mean for the young adult population (aged 20-29 years; T-score -2·5 or lower), measured at the hip or lumbar spine. Sex steroids are important for bone health in men and, as in women, oestrogens have a key role. Most men generally have bigger and stronger bones than women and typically have less bone loss during their lifetime. Men typically fracture less often than women, although they have a higher mortality rate after a fracture. Secondary osteoporosis is more common in men than in women. Lifestyle changes, adequate calcium, vitamin D intake, and exercise programmes are recommended for the management of osteoporosis in men. Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide have been shown to increase BMD and are used for pharmacological treatment. In this Review, we report an updated overview of osteoporosis in men, describe new treatments and concepts, and discuss persistent controversies in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Vilaca
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Richard Eastell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marian Schini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
Peak bone mass (PBM) is a key determinant of bone mass and fragility fractures later in life. The increase in bone mass during childhood and adolescence is mainly related to an increase in bone size rather to changes in volumetric bone density. Race, gender, and genetic factors are the main determinants of PBM achievement. Nevertheless, environmental factors such as physical activity, calcium and protein intakes, weight and age at menarche, are also playing an important role in bone mass accrual during growth. Therefore, optimization of calcium and protein intakes and weight-bearing physical activity during growth is an important strategy for optimal acquisition of PBM and bone strength and for contributing to prevent fractures later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chevalley
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Castillo EJ, Croft S, Jiron JM, Aguirre JI. Bone Structural, Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Characteristics of the Hindlimb Skeleton in the Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3133-3149. [PMID: 35090092 PMCID: PMC10394686 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a non-conventional laboratory rodent species used to model some human bone disorders. However, no studies have been conducted to characterize the postcranial skeleton. Therefore, we aimed to investigate age- and gender-related features of the hindlimb skeleton of this species. METHODS We used femurs and tibiae from 94 rats of both genders aged 4-28 wks. Bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and biomechanical properties were determined in femurs. In addition, bone histomorphometry of tibiae was conducted to assess bone cell activities and bone turnover over time. RESULTS Bone length, total metaphysis BMC and vBMD, mid-diaphyseal BMC and vBMD, cortical thickness, and cortical area progressively augmented with age. Whereas the increase in these parameters plateaued at age 16-22 wks in female rats, they continued to rise to age 28 wks in male rats. Furthermore, bone strength parameters increased with age, with few differences between genders. We also observed a rapid decrease in longitudinal growth between ages 4-16 wks. Whereas young rats had a greater bone formation rate and bone turnover, older rice rats had greater bone volume and trabecular thickness, with no differences between genders. CONCLUSIONS 1) Sexual dimorphism in the rice rat becomes grossly evident at age 16 wks; 2) the age-related increases in bone mass, structural cortical parameters, and in some biomechanical property parameters plateau at an older age in male than in female rats; and 3) bone growth and remodeling significantly decreased with age irrespective of the gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - S Croft
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
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19
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Sides R, Griess-Fishheimer S, Zaretsky J, Shitrit A, Kalev-Altman R, Rozner R, Beresh O, Dumont M, Penn S, Shahar R, Monsonego-Ornan E. The Use of Mushrooms and Spirulina Algae as Supplements to Prevent Growth Inhibition in a Pre-Clinical Model for an Unbalanced Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124316. [PMID: 34959867 PMCID: PMC8705242 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today’s eating patterns are characterized by the consumption of unbalanced diets (UBDs) resulting in a variety of health consequences on the one hand, and the consumption of dietary supplements in order to achieve overall health and wellness on the other. Balanced nutrition is especially crucial during childhood and adolescence as these time periods are characterized by rapid growth and development of the skeleton. We show the harmful effect of UBD on longitudinal bone growth, trabecular and cortical bone micro-architecture and bone mineral density; which were analyzed by micro-CT scanning. Three point bending tests demonstrate the negative effect of the diet on the mechanical properties of the bone material as well. Addition of Spirulina algae or Pleurotus eryngii or Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, to the UBD, was able to improve growth and impaired properties of the bone. 16SrRNA Sequencing identified dysbiosis in the UBD rats’ microbiota, with high levels of pro-inflammatory associated bacteria and low levels of bacteria associated with fermentation processes and bone related mechanisms. These results provide insight into the connection between diet, the skeletal system and the gut microbiota, and reveal the positive impact of three chosen dietary supplements on bone development and quality presumably through the microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Sides
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Shelley Griess-Fishheimer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Janna Zaretsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Astar Shitrit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
- Koret School of Veterinary, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Reut Rozner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Olga Beresh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Maïtena Dumont
- Koret School of Veterinary, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Svetlana Penn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Brent MB. Abaloparatide: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174409. [PMID: 34364879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of, and map current knowledge, obtained from preclinical and clinical studies of the osteoanabolic agent abaloparatide. PubMed and Embase were meticulously searched from inception to May 4, 2021.178 titles and abstracts were screened, and 57 full-text articles were assessed for inclusion. A total of 55 articles were included; 5 (9%) in vitro studies, 21 (38%) in vivo studies, and 29 (53%) clinical studies. Preclinical in vitro studies have demonstrated receptor conformation preferability, structural insights into the receptor-agonist complex, and proliferative effects of abaloparatide on osteoblasts. Preclinical studies have shown abaloparatide to be similarly effective to teriparatide using comparable doses in both ambulating mice and rats challenged by disuse. Other animal studies have reported that abaloparatide effectively mitigates or prevents bone loss from ovariectomy, orchiectomy, and glucocorticoids and improves fracture healing. The pivotal clinical study ACTIVE demonstrated 18 months of treatment with abaloparatide substantially increase bone mineral density and reduce fracture risk in post-menopausal women compared with placebo. The extension study ACTIVExtend highlighted that subsequent treatment with alendronate sustained the bone gained by abaloparatide treatment and the reduced fracture risk for up to two years. Post-hoc sub-group analyses have also supported the efficacy and safety of abaloparatide treatment independent of various baseline risk factors. In conclusion, mounting evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has uniformly reported that abaloparatide increases bone mineral density and reduces fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bo Brent
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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21
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Barnsley J, Buckland G, Chan PE, Ong A, Ramos AS, Baxter M, Laskou F, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Patel HP. Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:759-773. [PMID: 33742387 PMCID: PMC8084810 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, a paralleled elevation in the rate of incident fragility fractures will be observed. This narrative review explores the origins of bone and considers physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis relevant to management and treatment. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, as well as osteosarcopenia are discussed followed by an overview of the commonly used pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barnsley
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - G Buckland
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - P E Chan
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A Ong
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A S Ramos
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Baxter
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - F Laskou
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Harnish P Patel
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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22
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Molstad DHH, Mattson AM, Begun DL, Westendorf JJ, Bradley EW. Hdac3 regulates bone modeling by suppressing osteoclast responsiveness to RANKL. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17713-17723. [PMID: 33454009 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hdac3 is a lysine deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from histones and additional proteins. Although Hdac3 functions within mesenchymal lineage skeletal cells are defined, little is known about Hdac3 activities in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In this study we conditionally deleted Hdac3 within Ctsk-expressing cells and examined the effects on bone modeling and osteoclast differentiation in mice. Hdac3 deficiency reduced femur and tibia periosteal circumference and increased cortical periosteal osteoclast number. Trabecular bone was likewise reduced and was accompanied by increased osteoclast number per trabecular bone surface. We previously showed that Hdac3 deacetylates the p65 subunit of the NF-κB transcriptional complex to decrease DNA-binding and transcriptional activity. Hdac3-deficient osteoclasts demonstrate increased K310 NF-κB acetylation and NF-κB transcriptional activity. Hdac3-deficient osteoclast lineage cells were hyper-responsive to RANKL and showed elevated ex vivo osteoclast number and size and enhanced bone resorption in pit formation assays. Osteoclast-directed Hdac3 deficiency decreased cortical and trabecular bone mass parameters, suggesting that Hdac3 regulates coupling of bone resorption and bone formation. We surveyed a panel of osteoclast-derived coupling factors and found that Hdac3 suppression diminished sphingosine-1-phosphate production. Osteoclast-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate acts in paracrine to promote bone mineralization. Mineralization of WT bone marrow stromal cells cultured with conditioned medium from Hdac3-deficient osteoclasts was markedly reduced. Expression of alkaline phosphatase, type 1a1 collagen, and osteocalcin was also suppressed, but no change in Runx2 expression was observed. Our results demonstrate that Hdac3 controls bone modeling by suppressing osteoclast lineage cell responsiveness to RANKL and coupling to bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H H Molstad
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna M Mattson
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dana L Begun
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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23
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Bellissimo MP, Roberts JL, Jones DP, Liu KH, Taibl KR, Uppal K, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R, Drissi H, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA. Metabolomic Associations with Serum Bone Turnover Markers. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103161. [PMID: 33081124 PMCID: PMC7602719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is in a constant state of remodeling. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX), provide sensitive measures of bone formation and resorption, respectively. This study used ultra-high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to determine plasma metabolic pathways and targeted metabolites related to the markers of bone resorption and formation in adults. This cross-sectional clinical study included 34 adults (19 females, mean 27.8 years), without reported illnesses, recruited from a US metropolitan area. Serum BTM levels were quantified by an ELISA. Plasma HRM utilized dual-column liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with BTMs. Metabolites significantly associated with P1NP (p < 0.05) were significantly enriched in pathways linked to the TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and metabolism of B vitamins important for energy production (e.g., niacin, thiamin). Other nutrition-related metabolic pathways associated with P1NP were amino acid (proline, arginine, glutamate) and vitamin C metabolism, which are important for collagen formation. Metabolites associated with CTX levels (p < 0.05) were enriched within lipid and fatty acid beta-oxidation metabolic pathways, as well as fat-soluble micronutrient pathways including, vitamin D metabolism, vitamin E metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. P1NP and CTX were significantly related to microbiome-related metabolites (p < 0.05). Macronutrient-related pathways including lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, as well as several gut microbiome-derived metabolites were significantly related to BTMs. Future research should compare metabolism BTMs relationships reported here to aging and clinical populations to inform targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah P. Bellissimo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.R.T.); (M.N.W.); (R.P.); (T.R.Z.); (J.A.A.)
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph L. Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.L.R.); (H.D.)
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.H.L.); (K.U.)
| | - Ken H. Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.H.L.); (K.U.)
| | - Kaitlin R. Taibl
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.R.T.); (M.N.W.); (R.P.); (T.R.Z.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.H.L.); (K.U.)
| | - M. Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.R.T.); (M.N.W.); (R.P.); (T.R.Z.); (J.A.A.)
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.R.T.); (M.N.W.); (R.P.); (T.R.Z.); (J.A.A.)
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.L.R.); (H.D.)
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Thomas R. Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.R.T.); (M.N.W.); (R.P.); (T.R.Z.); (J.A.A.)
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessica A. Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.R.T.); (M.N.W.); (R.P.); (T.R.Z.); (J.A.A.)
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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Kvammen JA, Thomassen RA, Kjeserud CN, Sæland C, Godang K, Bollerslev J, Thorsby PM, Juliusson PB, Bentsen BS, Henriksen C. Bone mineral density and vitamin D in paediatric intestinal failure patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 39:234-241. [PMID: 32859323 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with intestinal failure (IF) are dependent on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) to ensure growth and development. The primary aim of the present study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D status in paediatric IF patients on HPN and a group of healthy children aged 2-18 years. Secondary aims were to assess growth, body composition, nutrient provision and physical activity. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was performed at Oslo University Hospital and at the Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, from January to September 2017. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Lunar Prodigy in IF patients and Lunar iDXA in healthy subjects) was performed to assess BMD and body composition. BMD z-score (BMDz) was calculated for total body and lumbar spine L2-L4 based on the integrated reference population in the software. Weight and height were measured for growth assessment. Nutrient provision was assessed by a 4-day food record. Blood samples were analysed for 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). Physical activity was reported by a questionnaire. RESULTS Nineteen IF patients and 50 healthy children were included. The mean age of participants was 10.0 years. The aetiology of IF patients was paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (58%), short bowel syndrome (26%), and intestinal enteropathy (16%). Lower median BMDz for total body (-0.4 vs 1.1, P < 0.001) and lumbar spine L2-L4 (-0.9 vs 0.2, P = 0.01) were found in the IF group compared with the healthy children. Vitamin D provision was significantly higher in IF patients (17 μg/d vs 5.3 μg/d, P < 0.001). Both groups were sufficient in 25(OH)D (IF patients 71 nmol/L vs healthy 81 nmol/L). Nevertheless, IF patients had significantly lower 1,25(OH)2D than healthy children (71 pmol/L vs 138 pmol/L, P < 0.001). The IF group was significantly shorter (height for age z-score -1,5 vs 0,1, P = 0.001) and lighter (weight for age z-score -1,0 vs 0,1, P = 0.009) compared with the healthy subjects. BMIz did not differ; however, body fat percentage was significantly higher in IF patients compared with healthy children (34% vs 25%, P = 0.02). A lower frequency of physical activity was found in the IF group compared with the healthy group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Paediatric IF patients on HPN had lower BMD, impaired growth, and higher body fat percentage in comparison with the healthy children. Despite a higher total supply of vitamin D in the IF group, the levels of 25(OH)D did not differ. Nevertheless, a significantly lower level of 1,25(OH)2D was found in IF patients. The results raise questions regarding differences between oral and parenteral vitamin D provision and whether intestinal function is important for the metabolism of vitamin D. TRIAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER Clinical Trials AEV2017/1. 2016/391/REK sør-øst B REVISION NUMBER: CLNESP-D-20-00022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Anita Kvammen
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rut Anne Thomassen
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Camilla Sæland
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Godang
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Oslo University Hospital, Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petur Benedikt Juliusson
- University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Registries, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christine Henriksen
- University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Carlson BB, Salzmann SN, Shirahata T, Ortiz Miller C, Carrino JA, Yang J, Reisener MJ, Sama AA, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP, Hughes AP. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia diagnosed using quantitative CT in 296 consecutive lumbar fusion patients. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 49:E5. [PMID: 32738803 DOI: 10.3171/2020.5.focus20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that increases the risk for fragility fractures. Screening and diagnosis can be achieved by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative CT tomography (QCT) in the lumbar spine. QCT-derived BMD measurements can be used to diagnose osteopenia or osteoporosis based on American College of Radiology (ACR) thresholds. Many reports exist regarding the disease prevalence in asymptomatic and disease-specific populations; however, osteoporosis/osteopenia prevalence rates in lumbar spine fusion patients without fracture have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to define osteoporosis and osteopenia prevalence in lumbar fusion patients using QCT. METHODS A retrospective review of prospective data was performed. All patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery who had preoperative fine-cut CT scans were eligible. QCT-derived BMD measurements were performed at L1 and L2. The L1-2 average BMD was used to classify patients as having normal findings, osteopenia, or osteoporosis based on ACR criteria. Disease prevalence was calculated. Subgroup analyses based on age, sex, ethnicity, and history of abnormal BMD were performed. Differences between categorical groups were calculated with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Overall, 296 consecutive patients (55.4% female) were studied. The mean age was 63 years (range 21-89 years). There were 248 (83.8%) patients with ages ≥ 50 years. No previous clinical history of abnormal BMD was seen in 212 (71.6%) patients. Osteopenia was present in 129 (43.6%) patients and osteoporosis in 44 (14.9%). There were no prevalence differences between sex or race. Patients ≥ 50 years of age had a significantly higher frequency of osteopenia/osteoporosis than those who were < 50 years of age. CONCLUSIONS In 296 consecutive patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 14.9% and that for osteopenia was 43.6% diagnosed by QCT. This is the first report of osteoporosis disease prevalence in lumbar fusion patients without vertebral fragility fractures diagnosed by QCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B Carlson
- 1Marc A. Asher, MD, Comprehensive Spine Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | | | - John A Carrino
- 3Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York; and
| | - Jingyan Yang
- 2Spine Care Institute and.,4Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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26
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Pereira-Eshraghi CF, Chiuzan C, Zhang Y, Tao RH, McCann M, Neugut YD, Printz A, Fennoy I, Cree-Green M, Oberfield SE, Sopher AB. Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Not Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Are Independent Predictors of Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents and Young Women. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 92:365-371. [PMID: 32348991 PMCID: PMC7308184 DOI: 10.1159/000507079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders that affects females of reproductive age. The characteristic features of PCOS individually have opposing effects on bone mineral density (BMD); however, their cumulative effect on BMD has not been clearly defined. Adolescence and young adulthood span a crucial period in achieving peak bone mass. Thus, a better understanding of the impact of PCOS on BMD in this age group is needed. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BMD is different between young females with PCOS and controls and to identify factors that influence BMD in this population. METHODS Data from four cross-sectional studies with a total of 170 females aged 12-25 years with PCOS (n = 123) and controls (n = 47) with a wide range of BMIs (18.7-53.4 kg/m2) were analyzed. Participants had fasting glucose, insulin, and free and total testosterone concentrations measured. HOMA-IR was calculated. Whole-body BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple regression analysis for predicting BMD included PCOS status, menstrual age, obesity, HOMA-IR, and free testosterone. RESULTS HOMA-IR and total and free testosterone were significantly higher in PCOS compared to controls but there was no difference in BMD z-score between PCOS (0.8 ± 1.0) and controls (0.6 ± 1.0) (p = 0.36). Obesity (p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.02) were associated with BMD z-score. CONCLUSIONS Obesity status and insulin resistance, but not PCOS status, were each independently associated with BMD in adolescents and young women who spanned a wide range of BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Pereira-Eshraghi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel H Tao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew McCann
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Y Dana Neugut
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison Printz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aviva B Sopher
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Maïmoun L, Garnero P, Mura T, Nocca D, Lefebvre P, Philibert P, Seneque M, Gaspari L, Vauchot F, Courtet P, Sultan A, Piketty ML, Sultan C, Renard E, Guillaume S, Mariano-Goulart D. Specific Effects of Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Young Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5672712. [PMID: 31821467 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The threefold aim was to (1) compare areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone turnover markers, and periostin levels in young women with either anorexia nervosa (AN) or obesity (OB) and controls (CON); (2) model the profiles according to age; and (3) determine the parameters associated with aBMD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-two young women with ages ranging from 16.0 to 27.0 years were subdivided into 3 groups (AN, OB, CON). The CON group was age-matched by ±6 months. aBMD, bone turnover markers, and periostin levels were evaluated. RESULTS aBMD modeling showed that hip aBMD was higher in OB than in the other 2 groups from 19 years, and AN presented lower values than CON from 21 years. aBMD at the lumbar spine was higher in older OB and CON women, starting from 20 to 22 years, but in AN the difference with the other 2 groups increased with age. Periostin levels were lower in OB than in AN or CON, but no variation with age was observed. Compared with controls, OB and AN presented similarly lower markers of bone formation, although markers of bone resorption were lower in OB and higher in AN. A modeling approach showed that markers of bone formation and resorption were lower in older than in younger CON, whereas the values of these bone markers remained relatively constant in AN and OB. In all groups, lean body mass (LBM) was the parameter most positively correlated with aBMD. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that weight extremes (AN or OB) influence aBMD, bone remodeling and periostin profiles. Moreover, factors related to aBMD were specific to each condition, but LBM was the parameter most consistently associated with aBMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier (UM), INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thibault Mura
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Nocca
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive, Hôpital St Eloi, CHRU Montpellier
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Departement de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maude Seneque
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UM, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Gaspari
- Unité d'Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier et UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Vauchot
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UM, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier (UM), INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète; Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Charles Sultan
- Unité d'Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier et UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Renard
- Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIC INSERM 1001, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHRU Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U661/UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Département d'Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, UM, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier (UM), INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Wavreil FD, Heggland SJ. Cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols induce oxidative stress in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Toxicol Rep 2019; 7:23-29. [PMID: 31871899 PMCID: PMC6909334 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As noncombustible nicotine delivery devices, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most popular tobacco product among youth. The widespread popularity of e-cigarettes combined with possible health consequences suggest a need to further research health hazards associated with e-cigarette use. Since conventional tobacco use is a risk factor for osteoporosis, this study investigates the impact of nicotine-free, cinnamon-flavored e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) on bone-forming osteoblasts compared to flavorless e-liquid. Human tumor-derived osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were exposed for 24 h or 48 h to 0.0.4 %, 0.04 %, 0.4 % or 1 % of unvaped e-liquid or 0.0025 %, 0.025 %, 0.25 %, 1 % or 2.5 % of aerosol condensate in addition to a culture medium only control. Changes in cell viability were assessed by MTT assay, and the expression of a key bone protein, collagen type I, was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorometry to assess oxidative stress. Cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and ROS production increased, which was most pronounced with cinnamon-flavored e-liquids. There were no detectable changes in collagen type I protein following exposure to any of the aerosol condensates. This study demonstrates osteoblast-like cells are sensitive to both e-liquids and aerosol condensates and suggests the cytotoxicity of cinnamon-flavored e-liquids might be associated with oxidative stress rather than changes in collagen type I protein expression. This in vitro study provides insight into the potential impacts of e-cigarette use on bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara J. Heggland
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
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Vlok J, Simm PJ, Lycett K, Clifford SA, Grobler AC, Lange K, Ismail N, Osborn W, Wake M. pQCT bone geometry and strength: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents. BMJ Open 2019; 9:63-74. [PMID: 31273017 PMCID: PMC6624036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology and concordance of bone health in a population-based sample of Australian parent-child dyads at child age 11-12 years. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint) nested between waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). SETTING Assessment centres in seven cities around Australia, February 2015-March 2016. PARTICIPANTS of all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), bone data were available for 1222 dyads (1271 children, 50% girls; 1250 parents, 86% mothers). OUTCOME MEASURES Peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) of the non-dominant leg scanned at the 4% (distal) and 66% (mid-calf) tibial sites. Stratec XCT 2000 software generated estimates of bone density, geometry and polar stress-strain index.Parent-child concordance were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models. Percentiles were determined using survey weights. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC's complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes. RESULTS Concordances were greater for the geometric pQCT parameters (periosteal circumference 0.38, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.43; endosteal circumference 0.42, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.47; total cross-sectional area 0.37, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.42) than density (cortical density 0.25, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.30). Mother-child and father-child values were similar. Relationships attenuated only slightly on adjustment for age, sex and body mass index. Percentiles and concordance are presented for the whole sample and by sex. CONCLUSIONS There is strong parent-child concordance in bone geometry and, to a lesser extent, density even before the period of peak adolescent bone deposition. This geometrical concordance suggests that future intergenerational bone studies could consider using pQCT rather than the more commonly used dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vlok
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Simm
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A Clifford
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke C Grobler
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Najmi Ismail
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Osborn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Fernando R, Drescher C, Nowotny K, Grune T, Castro JP. Impaired proteostasis during skeletal muscle aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:58-66. [PMID: 30194981 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon that has detrimental effects on tissue homeostasis. The skeletal muscle is one of the earliest tissues to be affected and to manifest age-related changes such as functional impairment and the loss of mass. Common to these alterations and to most of tissues during aging is the disruption of the proteostasis network by detrimental changes in the ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (ALS). In fact, during aging the accumulation of protein aggregates, a process mainly driven by increased levels of oxidative stress, has been observed, clearly demonstrating UPS and ALS dysregulation. Since the UPS and ALS are the two most important pathways for the removal of misfolded and aggregated proteins and also of damaged organelles, we provide here an overview on the current knowledge regarding the connection between the loss of proteostasis and skeletal muscle functional impairment and also how redox regulation can play a role during aging. Therefore, this review serves for a better understanding of skeletal muscle aging in regard to the loss of proteostasis and how redox regulation can impact its function and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernando
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Cathleen Drescher
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nowotny
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department for Biomedicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), Aging and Stress Group, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Prakash J, Herlin M, Kumar J, Garg G, Akesson KE, Grabowski PS, Skerry TM, Richards GO, McGuigan FE. Analysis of RAMP3 gene polymorphism with body composition and bone density in young and elderly women. Gene 2019; 721S:100009. [PMID: 32550545 PMCID: PMC7286079 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim The Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins (RAMPs) are a group of accessory proteins, of which there are three in humans, that interact with a number of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and play various roles in regulation of endocrine signaling. Studies in RAMP3 knockout (KO) mice reveal an age related phenotype with altered metabolic regulation and high bone mass. To translate these findings into a clinically relevant perspective, we investigated the association between RAMP3 gene variants, body composition and bone phenotypes in two population-based cohorts of Swedish women. Methods Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the vicinity of the RAMP3 gene were genotyped in the PEAK-25 cohort (n = 1061; 25 years) and OPRA (n = 1044; 75 years). Bone mineral density (BMD), fat mass and lean mass (total body; regional) were measured by DXA at baseline, 5 and 10 year follow-up. Results BMD did not differ with RAMP3 genotype in either cohort, although fracture risk was increased in the elderly women (OR 2.695 [95% CI 1.514–4.801]). Fat mass tended to be higher with RAMP3 SNPs; although only in elderly women. In the young women, changes in BMI and fat mass between ages 25–35 differed by genotype (p = 0.001; p < 0.001). Conclusion Variation in RAMP3 may contribute to age-related changes in body composition and risk of fracture.
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Key Words
- AM1R, Adrenomedullin-1 Receptor
- AM2R, Adrenomedullin-2 Receptor
- AMY3, Amylin Receptor Complex
- BMD
- BMD, Bone Mineral Density
- CGRP, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- CLR, Calcitonin Like-Receptor
- FM, Fat Mass
- FN, Femoral Neck
- Fat
- Fracture
- GPCR, G-Protein Coupled Receptor
- KO, Knock-out
- LM, Lean Mass
- LS, Lumbar Spine
- OPRA, Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment
- RAMP3
- RAMP3, Receptor Activity Modifying Protein 3
- SNP
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- TB, Total Body
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Lund University, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Sweden
| | - Maria Herlin
- Lund University, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Sweden
- Dept. of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jitender Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Gaurav Garg
- Genomics Division, LCGC Life sciences LLP, New Delhi, India
| | - Kristina E. Akesson
- Lund University, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Dept. of Orthopedics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter S. Grabowski
- Human Nutrition Unit, Dept. of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield University, UK
| | - Tim M. Skerry
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, Dept. of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield University, UK
| | - Gareth O. Richards
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, Dept. of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield University, UK
| | - Fiona E.A. McGuigan
- Lund University, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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Diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in children. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:283-296. [PMID: 30421000 PMCID: PMC6394483 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a generalised disorder of the skeleton with reduced bone density and abnormal bone architecture. It increases bone fragility and renders the individual susceptible to fractures. Fractures of the vertebrae are common osteoporotic fractures. Vertebral fractures may result in scoliosis or kyphosis and, because they may be clinically silent, it is imperative that vertebral fractures are diagnosed in children accurately and at an early stage, so the necessary medical care can be implemented. Traditionally, diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures has been from lateral spine radiographs; however, a small number of studies have shown that dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is comparable to radiographs for identifying vertebral fractures in children, while allowing reduced radiation exposure. The diagnosis of vertebral fractures from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is termed vertebral fracture assessment. Existing scoring systems for vertebral fracture assessment in adults have been assessed for use in children, but there is no standardisation and observer reliability is variable. This literature review suggests the need for a semiautomated tool that (compared to the subjective and semiquantitative methods available) will allow more reliable and precise detection of vertebral fractures in children.
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Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Hennis PJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Day SH, Stebbings GK. The interactions of physical activity, exercise and genetics and their associations with bone mineral density: implications for injury risk in elite athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:29-47. [PMID: 30377780 PMCID: PMC6342881 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is established as a primary predictor of osteoporotic risk and can also have substantial implications for athlete health and injury risk in the elite sporting environment. BMD is a highly multi-factorial phenotype influenced by diet, hormonal characteristics and physical activity. The interrelationships between such factors, and a strong genetic component, suggested to be around 50-85% at various anatomical sites, determine skeletal health throughout life. Genome-wide association studies and case-control designs have revealed many loci associated with variation in BMD. However, a number of the candidate genes identified at these loci have no known associated biological function or have yet to be replicated in subsequent investigations. Furthermore, few investigations have considered gene-environment interactions-in particular, whether specific genes may be sensitive to mechanical loading from physical activity and the outcome of such an interaction for BMD and potential injury risk. Therefore, this review considers the importance of physical activity on BMD, genetic associations with BMD and how subsequent investigation requires consideration of the interaction between these determinants. Future research using well-defined independent cohorts such as elite athletes, who experience much greater mechanical stress than most, to study such phenotypes, can provide a greater understanding of these factors as well as the biological underpinnings of such a physiologically "extreme" population. Subsequently, modification of training, exercise or rehabilitation programmes based on genetic characteristics could have substantial implications in both the sporting and public health domains once the fundamental research has been conducted successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Herbert
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Philip J. Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Robert M. Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, Tottenham Court Road, London, W17 7HA UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Stephen H. Day
- Department of Biomedical Science & Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
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Klomsten Andersen O, Clarsen B, Garthe I, Mørland M, Stensrud T. Bone health in elite Norwegian endurance cyclists and runners: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000449. [PMID: 30687513 PMCID: PMC6326301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Athletes who compete in non-weight-bearing activities such as swimming and cycling are at risk of developing low bone mineral density (BMD). Athletes in long-distance running are at risk of low BMD. Objective (1) To evaluate the bone health in Norwegian male and female national elite road cyclists and middle-distance and long-distance runners, and to identify cases of low BMD. (2) To identify possible risk factors associated with low BMD. Methods Twenty-one runners (11 females and 10 males) and 19 road cyclists (7 females and 12 males) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement of BMD in total body, femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding training, injuries, calcium intake and health variables. Results The cyclists had lower BMD for all measured sites compared with the runners (p≤0.05). Ten of 19 cyclists were classified as having low BMD according to American College of Sports Medicine criteria (Z-score ≤−1), despite reporting to train heavy resistance training on the lower extremities. Low BMD was site specific having occurred in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck and was not confined to females. Type of sport was the only factor significantly associated with low BMD. Conclusion National elite Norwegian road cyclists had lower BMD compared with runners, and a large proportion was classified as having low BMD, despite having performed heavy resistance training. Interventions to increase BMD in this population should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- The Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Olympic Training Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic Training Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Trine Stensrud
- The Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Zhu TY, Yip BH, Hung VW, Choy CW, Cheng KL, Kwok TC, Cheng JC, Qin L. Normative Standards for HRpQCT Parameters in Chinese Men and Women. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1889-1899. [PMID: 29893993 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessing bone architecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) has the potential to improve fracture risk assessment. The Normal Reference Study aimed to establish sex-specific reference centile curves for HRpQCT parameters. This was an age-stratified cross-sectional study and 1072 ambulatory Chinese men (n = 544) and women (n = 528) aged 20 to 79 years, who were free from conditions and medications that could affect bone metabolism and had no history of fragility fracture. They were recruited from local communities of Hong Kong. Reference centile curves for each HRpQCT parameter were constructed using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape with age as the only explanatory variable. Patterns of reference centile curves reflected age-related changes of bone density, microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength. In both sexes, loss of cortical bone was only evident in mid-adulthood, particularly in women with a more rapid fashion probably concurrent with the onset of menopause. In contrast, loss of trabecular bone was subtle or gradual or occurred at an earlier age. Expected values of HRpQCT parameters for a defined sex and age and a defined percentile or Z-score were obtained from these curves. T-scores were calculated using the population with the peak values as the reference and reflected age- or menopause-related bone loss in an older individual or the room to reach the peak potential in a younger individual. These reference centile curves produced a standard describing a norm or desirable target that enables value clinical judgements. Percentiles, Z-scores, and T-scores would be helpful in detecting abnormalities in bone density and microarchitecture arising from various conditions and establishing entry criteria for clinical trials. They also hold the potential to refine the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Y Zhu
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Benjamin Hk Yip
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vivian Wy Hung
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Carol Wy Choy
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka-Lo Cheng
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Timothy Cy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jack Cy Cheng
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ling Qin
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Vinding RK, Stokholm J, Sevelsted A, Sejersen T, Chawes BL, Bønnelykke K, Thorsen J, Howe LD, Krakauer M, Bisgaard H. Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2018; 362:k3312. [PMID: 30181143 PMCID: PMC6122120 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in pregnancy on anthropometry and body composition in offspring. DESIGN Double blinded, randomised controlled trial. SETTING Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort. PARTICIPANTS 736 pregnant women and their offspring. INTERVENTION n-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or control (olive oil) daily from pregnancy week 24 until one week after birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Height/length, weight, head, and waist measurements and body composition from dual energy x ray absorptiometry (all pre-specified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial; the primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze/asthma). RESULTS The mean body mass index (BMI) z score was increased between age 0 and 6 years in the fish oil supplementation group compared with the control group (0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.23); P=0.006). At 6 years, supplementation was associated with a higher BMI z score (0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); P=0.004), a higher weight/height (3.48 (0.38 to 6.57) g/cm; P=0.03), and a larger waist circumference (0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) cm; P=0.04) but not a higher proportion of obese children, using International Obesity Task Force grades. The dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan at age 6 years showed a higher total mass (395.4 (86.6 to 704.3) g; P=0.01) in the supplementation versus the control group, explained by a higher lean mass (280.7 (98.9 to 462.4) g; P=0.002), a higher bone mineral content (10.3 (2.3 to 18.1) g; P=0.01), and a non-significantly higher fat mass (116.3 (-92.9 to 325.5) g; P=0.28), but no differences were seen in total body fat or lean mass percentage. CONCLUSION Fish oil supplementation from the 24th week of pregnancy led to a higher BMI in the offspring from 0 to 6 years of age but not an increased risk of obesity at age 6. The body composition at age 6 years in children given fish oil supplementation was characterised by a proportional increase in lean, bone, and fat mass suggesting a general growth stimulating effect of n-3 LCPUFA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00798226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kofod Vinding
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sevelsted
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Sejersen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Thorsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin Krakauer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Depalle B, Duarte AG, Fiedler IAK, Pujo-Menjouet L, Buehler MJ, Berteau JP. The different distribution of enzymatic collagen cross-links found in adult and children bone result in different mechanical behavior of collagen. Bone 2018; 110:107-114. [PMID: 29414596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic collagen cross-linking has been shown to play an important role in the macroscopic elastic and plastic deformation of bone across ages. However, its direct contribution to collagen fibril deformation is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine how covalent intermolecular connections from enzymatic collagen cross-links contribute to collagen fibril elastic and plastic deformation of adults and children's bone matrix. We used ex vivo data previously obtained from biochemical analysis of children and adults bone samples (n = 14; n = 8, respectively) to create 22 sample-specific computational models of cross-linked collagen fibrils. By simulating a tensile test for each fibril, we computed the modulus of elasticity (E), ultimate tensile and yield stress (σu and σy), and elastic, plastic and total work (We, Wp and Wtot) for each collagen fibril. We present a novel difference between children and adult bone in the deformation of the collagen phase and suggest a link between collagen fibril scale and macroscale for elastic behavior in children bone under the influence of immature enzymatic cross-links. We show a parametric linear correlation between We and immature enzymatic collagen cross-links at the collagen fibril scale in the children population that is similar to the one we found at the macroscale in our previous study. Finally, we suggest the key role of covalent intermolecular connections to stiffness parameters (e.g. elastic modulus and We) in children's collagen fibril and to toughness parameters in adult's collagen fibril, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Depalle
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Andre G Duarte
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, USA
| | | | | | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, USA; New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, USA.
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Gilsanz V, Wren TAL, Ponrartana S, Mora S, Rosen CJ. Sexual Dimorphism and the Origins of Human Spinal Health. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:221-239. [PMID: 29385433 PMCID: PMC5888211 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of vertebral bodies is on average 10% smaller in healthy newborn girls than in newborn boys, a striking difference that increases during infancy and puberty and is greatest by the time of sexual and skeletal maturity. The smaller CSA of female vertebrae is associated with greater spinal flexibility and could represent the human adaptation to fetal load in bipedal posture. Unfortunately, it also imparts a mechanical disadvantage that increases stress within the vertebrae for all physical activities. This review summarizes the potential endocrine, genetic, and environmental determinants of vertebral cross-sectional growth and current knowledge of the association between the small female vertebrae and greater risk for a broad array of spinal conditions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Tishya A L Wren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Skorn Ponrartana
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Stefano Mora
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074
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Davis S, Martyn-St James M, Sanderson J, Stevens J, Goka E, Rawdin A, Sadler S, Wong R, Campbell F, Stevenson M, Strong M, Selby P, Gittoes N. A systematic review and economic evaluation of bisphosphonates for the prevention of fragility fractures. Health Technol Assess 2018; 20:1-406. [PMID: 27801641 DOI: 10.3310/hta20780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragility fractures are fractures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in fracture. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonates [alendronic acid (Fosamax® and Fosamax® Once Weekly, Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd), risedronic acid (Actonel® and Actonel Once a Week®, Warner Chilcott UK Ltd), ibandronic acid (Bonviva®, Roche Products Ltd) and zoledronic acid (Aclasta®, Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd)] for the prevention of fragility fracture and to assess their cost-effectiveness at varying levels of fracture risk. DATA SOURCES For the clinical effectiveness review, six electronic databases and two trial registries were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science and BIOSIS Previews, Clinicaltrials.gov and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Searches were limited by date from 2008 until September 2014. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of effectiveness studies were conducted. A review of published economic analyses was undertaken and a de novo health economic model was constructed. Discrete event simulation was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for each bisphosphonate treatment strategy and a strategy of no treatment for a simulated cohort of patients with heterogeneous characteristics. The model was populated with effectiveness evidence from the systematic review and NMA. All other parameters were estimated from published sources. A NHS and Personal Social Services perspective was taken, and costs and benefits were discounted at 3.5% per annum. Fracture risk was estimated from patient characteristics using the QFracture® (QFracture-2012 open source revision 38, Clinrisk Ltd, Leeds, UK) and FRAX® (web version 3.9, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK) tools. The relationship between fracture risk and incremental net benefit (INB) was estimated using non-parametric regression. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and scenario analyses were used to assess uncertainty. RESULTS Forty-six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the clinical effectiveness systematic review, with 27 RCTs providing data for the fracture NMA and 35 RCTs providing data for the femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) NMA. All treatments had beneficial effects on fractures versus placebo, with hazard ratios varying from 0.41 to 0.92 depending on treatment and fracture type. The effects on vertebral fractures and percentage change in BMD were statistically significant for all treatments. There was no evidence of a difference in effect on fractures between bisphosphonates. A statistically significant difference in the incidence of influenza-like symptoms was identified from the RCTs for zoledronic acid compared with placebo. Reviews of observational studies suggest that upper gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently reported in the first month of oral bisphosphonate treatment, but pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials found no statistically significant difference. A strategy of no treatment was estimated to have the maximum INB for patients with a 10-year QFracture risk under 1.5%, whereas oral bisphosphonates provided maximum INB at higher levels of risk. However, the PSA suggested that there is considerable uncertainty regarding whether or not no treatment is the optimal strategy until the QFracture score is around 5.5%. In the model using FRAX, the mean INBs were positive for all oral bisphosphonate treatments across all risk categories. Intravenous bisphosphonates were estimated to have lower INBs than oral bisphosphonates across all levels of fracture risk when estimated using either QFracture or FRAX. LIMITATIONS We assumed that all treatment strategies are viable alternatives across the whole population. CONCLUSIONS Bisphosphonates are effective in preventing fragility fractures. However, the benefit-to-risk ratio in the lowest-risk patients may be debatable given the low absolute QALY gains and the potential for adverse events. We plan to extend the analysis to include non-bisphosphonate therapies. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013006883. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marrissa Martyn-St James
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jean Sanderson
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edward Goka
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Rawdin
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susi Sadler
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Stevenson
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Strong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- Department of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Gittoes
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Fong CY, Kong AN, Noordin M, Poh BK, Ong LC, Ng CC. Determinants of low bone mineral density in children with epilepsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:155-163. [PMID: 29122496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with epilepsy on long-term antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are at risk of low bone mineral density (BMD). The aims of our study were to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of low BMD among Malaysian children with epilepsy. METHOD Cross-sectional study of ambulant children with epilepsy on long-term AEDs for >1 year seen in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from 2014 to 2015. Detailed assessment of anthropometric measurements; environmental lifestyle risk factors; serum vitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels; genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes in vitamin D and calcium metabolism; and lumbar spine BMD were obtained. Low BMD was defined as BMD Z-score ≤ -2.0 SD. RESULTS Eighty-seven children with mean age of 11.9 years (56 males) participated in the study. The prevalence of low lumbar BMD was 21.8% (19 patients). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified polytherapy >2 AEDs (OR: 7.86; 95% CI 1.03-59.96), small frame size with wrist breadth of <15th centile (OR 14.73; 95% CI 2.21-98.40), and body mass index Z-score < -2.0 (OR 8.73, 95% CI 1.17-65.19) as significant risk factors for low BMD. CONCLUSION One-fifth of Malaysian children with epilepsy on long-term AEDs had low BMD. Targeted BMD should be performed for those who are on >2 AEDs, underweight or with small frame size as they are at higher risk of having low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Yi Fong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ann Nie Kong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazidah Noordin
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Paediatric Department, Universiti Institut Teknologi MARA, UiTM Medical Faculty, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Choo Ong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Al-Raddadi R, Bahijri S, Borai A, AlRaddadi Z. Prevalence of lifestyle practices that might affect bone health in relation to vitamin D status among female Saudi adolescents. Nutrition 2018; 45:108-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thyroid Hormone Signaling in the Development of the Endochondral Skeleton. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:351-381. [PMID: 29407442 PMCID: PMC9830754 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is an established regulator of skeletal growth and maintenance both in clinical studies and in laboratory models. The clinical consequences of altered thyroid status on the skeleton during development and in adulthood are well known, and genetic mouse models in which elements of the TH signaling axis have been manipulated illuminate the mechanisms which underlie TH regulation of the skeleton. TH is involved in the regulation of the balance between proliferation and differentiation in several skeletal cell types including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. The effects of TH are mediated primarily via the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) α and β, ligand-inducible nuclear receptors which act as transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. Both TRα and TRβ signaling are important for different stages of skeletal development. The molecular mechanisms of TH action in bone are complex and include interaction with a number of growth factor signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the regulation and mechanisms of TH action in bone, focusing particularly on the role of TH in endochondral bone formation during postnatal growth.
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Chevalley T, Bonjour JP, Audet MC, Merminod F, van Rietbergen B, Rizzoli R, Ferrari S. Fracture Prospectively Recorded From Prepuberty to Young Adulthood: Are They Markers of Peak Bone Mass and Strength in Males? J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1963-1969. [PMID: 28543781 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fractures are common in otherwise healthy children and adolescents. They result from trauma of varying severity. Some reflect a greater skeletal fragility. A long-term implication of these fractures is their potentiality to predict adult bone fragility and increased risk of osteoporosis in later life. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and micro-finite element analysis (μFEA) measurements, we previously found in 124 healthy females, followed from the age of 7.9 to 20.4 years, substantial deficits in both structural and strength components of the radius in the 42 girls who sustained a fracture during skeletal development. The objective of the current study was to assess in healthy males the relationship between fracture during development and expression of bone fragility in adulthood. A cohort of 152 boys was followed from age 7.4 ± 04 (mean ± SD) to 22.6 ± 0.7 years, ie, when peak bone mass is attained. Ninety participants (59.2%) sustained at least one fracture during growth, with highest incidence within the 10- to 13-year age range. Forearm was the most frequent site of fractures. At 7.4 years, several bone DXA-measured variables (areal bone mineral density [aBMD], bone mineral content [BMC]) were lower in the group with a positive fracture history during skeletal development compared with the non-fractured group. In contrast, at 22.6 years, no DXA-measured sites, including forearm, indicated a deficit in the fractured group compared with the non-fractured group. Likewise, at 22.6 years, neither HR-pQCT nor μFEA measurements, including distal radius, showed a structural or strength deficit in the fractured group. These results markedly contrast with a similar prospective study using the same technical and clinical design in 124 healthy girls. In conclusion, our prospective studies suggest a sex difference in the predictability of bone fragility in young adults who sustained fractures during childhood and adolescence. This difference might be related to the degree of trauma severity, usually lower in girls than in boys. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Bonjour
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Merminod
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Rene Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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McKinlay CJD, Cutfield WS, Battin MR, Dalziel SR, Crowther CA, Harding JE. Mid-Childhood Bone Mass After Exposure to Repeat Doses of Antenatal Glucocorticoids: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-4250. [PMID: 28557758 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Treatment of women at risk for preterm birth with repeat doses of glucocorticoids reduces neonatal morbidity, but could have adverse effects on skeletal development. We assessed whether exposure to repeat antenatal betamethasone alters bone mass in children whose mothers participated in the Australasian Collaborative Trial of Repeat Doses of Corticosteroids. METHODS Women were randomized to a single dose of betamethasone or placebo, ≥7 days after an initial course of glucocorticoids, repeated each week that they remained at risk for preterm birth at <32 weeks' gestation. In this follow-up study, children underwent whole-body dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry at 6 to 8 years' corrected age. RESULTS Of 212 eligible childhood survivors, 185 were studied (87%; 91 repeat betamethasone group; 94 placebo [single course] group). Children exposed to repeat antenatal betamethasone and those exposed to placebo had similar whole-body bone mineral content (median repeat betamethasone: 553 g, interquartile range: 442-712 g; placebo: 567 g, interquartile range: 447-750 g; geometric mean ratio: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.94-1.03, P = .55) and bone area (median repeat betamethasone 832 cm2, interquartile range: 693-963 cm2; placebo: 822 cm2, interquartile range: 710-1020 cm2; geometric mean ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.92-1.07, P = .75). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to repeat doses of antenatal betamethasone compared with a single course of glucocorticoids does not alter bone mass in mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J D McKinlay
- Liggins Institute and.,Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Kidz First Neonatal Care, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute and.,A Better Start, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm R Battin
- Liggins Institute and.,Newborn Services, National Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart R Dalziel
- Liggins Institute and.,Children's Emergency Department, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Caroline A Crowther
- Liggins Institute and.,Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ghasem-Zadeh A, Seeman E. Challenges in the Use of Cross-Sectional Data to Quantify Growth and Deterioration of Bone Structure During Advancing Age. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:5-7. [PMID: 27618369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasem-Zadeh
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ego Seeman
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Health and Aging, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Stagi S, Cavalli L, Cavalli T, de Martino M, Brandi ML. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for the assessment of bone strength in most of bone affecting conditions in developmental age: a review. Ital J Pediatr 2016; 42:88. [PMID: 27670687 PMCID: PMC5037897 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography provides an automatical scan analysis of trabecular and cortical bone compartments, calculating not only their bone mineral density (BMD), but also bone geometrical parameters, such as marrow and cortical Cross-Sectional Area (CSA), Cortical Thickness (CoTh), both periosteal and endosteal circumference, as well as biomechanical parameters like Cross-Sectional Moment of Inertia (CSMI), a measure of bending, polar moment of inertia, indicating bone strength in torsion, and Strength Strain Index (SSI). Also CSA of muscle and fat can be extracted. Muscles, which are thought to stimulate bones to adapt their geometry and mineral content, are determinant to preserve or increase bone strength; thus, pQCT provides an evaluation of the functional 'muscle-bone unit', defined as BMC/muscle CSA ratio. This functional approach to bone densitometry can establish if bone strength is normally adapted to the muscle force, and if muscle force is adequate for body size, providing more detailed insights to targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone fragility. The present paper offers an extensive review of technical features of pQCT and its possible clinical application in the diagnostic of bone status as well as in the monitoring of the skeleton's health follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stagi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Loredana Cavalli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cavalli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Emergency and Digestive Surgery with Oncological and Functional Address Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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El-Sakka A, Penon C, Hegazy A, Elbatrawy S, Gobashy A, Moreira A. Evaluating Bone Health in Egyptian Children with Forearm Fractures: A Case Control Study. Int J Pediatr 2016; 2016:7297092. [PMID: 27651803 PMCID: PMC5019920 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7297092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To determine the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density in Egyptian children with forearm fractures. Methods. A case control study of 46 children aged 3 to 10 years with or without forearm fractures. Validated questionnaires were used to assess calcium and vitamin D intake as well as sun exposure. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were collected. Bone mineral density was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results. Compared to the Control group, calcium and vitamin D intake was lower in the Cases group (p = 0.03). Cases had higher Body Mass Index than Controls, p = 0.01. Children in the Cases group had lower mean serum calcium values 8.3 ± 1.4 compared to 9.3 ± 1.1 in Controls (p = 0.01). Alkaline phosphatase was higher in Cases 265 ± 65.8 than Controls 226 ± 54.6 (p = 0.03). Vitamin D and bone mineral density scores were significantly lower in the Cases group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Our data shows an increased rate of vitamin D deficiency and decreased bone mineral density in Egyptian children with forearm fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer El-Sakka
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cristina Penon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adham Hegazy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Elbatrawy
- Department of Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Gobashy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University Medical School, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Sudjaritruk T, Bunupuradah T, Aurpibul L, Kosalaraksa P, Kurniati N, Prasitsuebsai W, Sophonphan J, Sohn AH, Ananworanich J, Puthanakit T. Adverse bone health and abnormal bone turnover among perinatally HIV-infected Asian adolescents with virological suppression. HIV Med 2016; 18:235-244. [PMID: 27477214 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low bone mass and assess its relationship with abnormal bone turnover among HIV-infected Asian adolescents. METHODS A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted at four paediatric HIV centres in Thailand and Indonesia. Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 10-18 years receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) with virological suppression (HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL) were enrolled. Study assessments included lumbar spine (L2-L4) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and measurement of bone turnover markers. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) Z-scores were calculated based on Thai normative age- and sex-matched references. Low bone mass was defined as BMD or BMAD Z-scores ≤ -2. RESULTS Of 396 participants, 57% were female. The median age was 15.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 13.3-16.9] years, and 73% were in Tanner stage 3-5. At enrolment, the median CD4 T-cell count was 734 (IQR 581-907) cells/μL, and 37% were on protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens. The overall prevalence of lumbar spine BMD and BMAD Z-scores ≤ -2 were 16.4% and 8.3%, respectively. Z-scores were lower with older age, female sex, body mass index (BMI) <5th percentile, boosted PI exposure and CD4 T-cell percentage < 15% before ART initiation. Increased bone turnover markers were inversely associated with BMD and BMAD Z-scores. CONCLUSIONS Low bone mass was linked to older age, female sex, low BMI, boosted PI exposure, and poor immunological status before ART commencement in our cohort of perinatally HIV-infected Asian adolescents. Dysregulation of bone turnover was associated with bone demineralization. Screening for low bone mass should be implemented to identify individuals who might benefit from interventions to preserve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sudjaritruk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Bunupuradah
- HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Aurpibul
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Kosalaraksa
- Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - N Kurniati
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - W Prasitsuebsai
- HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J Sophonphan
- HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A H Sohn
- TREAT Asia/amfAR - The Foundation of AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J Ananworanich
- The U.S. Military HIV Research Program, The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Puthanakit
- HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lee JE, Lee SR, Song HK. Muscle mass is a strong correlation factor of total hip BMD among Korean premenopausal women. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 2:99-102. [PMID: 30775474 PMCID: PMC6372843 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was to investigate mean Z-score of BMD of Korean premenopausal women and also to investigate the relationship between BMD and body composition, such as skeletal muscle (SM) mass, body fat mass, and abdominal adiposity among healthy Korean premenopausal women in their forties. Methods A total of 2711 premenopausal women in her forties (40-49 years) who had taken dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for BMD screening and body composition analyser (InBody J10®) from 2012 to 2013 at health promotion center of Ewha Womans university Mokdong hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist hip ratio (WHR), SM mass, body fat mass, and serum lipid profile were included in this study. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (CC) was used to identify co-efficiency between BMD and other parameters. Results The mean age was 44.2 ± 4.44 (years) and mean BMI was 22.43 ± 2.99 (kg/m2). Mean Z-score of BMD-lumbar 1-4 (BMD-L) and BMD-femur total hip (BMD-F) was 0.33 ± 1.14 and -0.19 ± 0.85. Mean of BMD-L and BMD-F were 1.18 ± 0.16 (g/cm2) and 0.96 ± 0.12 (g/cm2). Skeletal muscle mass showed a strong significant correlation coefficient (CC) only with BMD-F (CC = 0.13, p-value = 4.78 × 10-11). However serum lipid profile, body fat mass, and WHR did not show significant CC with mean Z-score of BMD-F and BMD-L. Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass measured by body composition analyzer of BIA method is a strong correlation factor for BMD especially of hip bone among healthy Korean premenopausal women in their forties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ra Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Kyung Song
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nemati M, Kamilah H, Huda N, Ariffin F. In vitrocalcium availability in bakery products fortified with tuna bone powder as a natural calcium source. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:535-40. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1179269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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