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Hayouk E, Schechter A, Avrahami I. A novel micro-reactor for hydrogen production from solid NaBH 4 hydrolysis in a dual-cycle methodology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25744. [PMID: 38404887 PMCID: PMC10884423 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-based Fuel Cells (FCs) hold significant potential as energy conversion technologies. In a previous study, we presented a pump-based hydrogen generator (PHG) that utilizes a catalytic reaction between sodium borohydride (NaBH4) powder and water. The pump circulates the water solution through the powder chamber in a closed-loop reaction. The PHG demonstrated clear advantages over alternative hydrogen sources in terms of both safety and energy density. However, as operating time increases, the solution in the closed-loop PHG becomes saturated, causing the reaction rate to decline. This limitation can be overcome in cases where an external water source is available, such as marine vehicles, drones equipped with water recovery systems from their fuel cells, or systems located near pipelines. In such scenarios, introducing freshwater feeding and product emission offers intriguing possibilities for significantly enhancing the fuel's energy density and extending its effective operation time. Our current research introduces an innovative concept: a dual-cycle generator (DCG) that effectively overcomes the issue of solution saturation over time. It achieves this by combining solution circulation with freshwater feeding and product emission. Our study employed a DCG prototype to examine various operating modes and to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The DCG achieved a calculated energy density for the fuel of 3868 Wh/kg, with 93% H2 extraction yield from the powder. Our findings reveal substantial improvements in terms of extended operation duration (81%), increased hydrogen flow rate (36%), enhanced energy density (33%), and improved H2 yield extraction from the powder (39%). This methodology holds promise for mobile applications or off-grid systems situated in proximity to a water source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Hayouk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechatronics, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Alex Schechter
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Idit Avrahami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechatronics, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
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Inan Yuksel E, Demir B, Cicek D, Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Calik I, Sahin F. Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate promotes hair growth through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and growth factors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127007. [PMID: 35623224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron (B) is an element involved in many physiological processes in humans and accelerates wound healing and increases angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) on hair growth and reveal its effects on Wnt-1, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathways, which are important molecular mechanisms involved in hair growth. METHODS Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley/Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups: non-shaved control, shaved control, NaB 1 mg (shaved + NaB 1 mg elemental B/kg CA), NaB 2 mg (shaved + NaB 2 mg elemental B/kg CA), and NaB 4 mg (shaved + NaB 4 mg elemental B/kg CA). Hair density was measured using the trichoscopy method. Dorsal skin samples were examined histopathologically at the end of the 42nd day, and follicle count, follicle diameter, and subcutaneous tissue thickness were recorded. Wnt-1, β-catenin, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I levels were analyzed with the Western blot method. RESULTS In trichoscopy measurements, hair density increased in the NaB 4 mg group (90.9%). In histopathological examination, anagen follicles were observed to increase in the NaB 1 mg and 2 mg groups (p < 0.05). Follicle diameter increased in all NaB groups (p < 0.05). The Wnt-1, β-catenin, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I level increased in the NaB 1 mg and 2 mg groups (p < 0.05), but they were similar in the NaB 4 mg group compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION NaB 1 and 2 mg B/kg supplementation induces the anagen phase in rats via Wnt-1, β-catenin, VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1 signaling pathways. NaB 4 mg B/kg suppresses these pathways and adversely affects hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Inan Yuksel
- Department of Dermatology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Betul Demir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Demet Cicek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Calik
- Department of Pathology, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wen X, Stoffolano JG, Greamo B, Salemme V, Piñero JC. Effects of diluted Concord grape juice laced with sodium chloride and selected boron-containing compounds on attraction, consumption, crop muscle contractions, and mortality of adult Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:703-710. [PMID: 34668308 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been interest in low-cost, reduced-risk materials that could be used for attract-and-kill of the invasive pest, spotted-wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. This pest causes heavy economic damage to soft-skinned fruits in many countries. In this study, we evaluated physiological and behavioral effects of adding either borax, boric acid, or sodium chloride to diluted Concord grape juice (DGJ), a material that is attractive to adult D. suzukii. RESULTS Results showed that the addition of borax, sodium chloride and boric acid did not significantly affect the response of adult D. suzukii, relative to DGJ alone. Increases in concentrations (to 5% and 10%) of borax, sodium chloride and boric acid were correlated with decreased ingestion of materials. Mortality of males and females was almost 100% with lower concentrations (1% and 5%) of borax and boric acid within 72 h. The higher concentrations of sodium chloride (5% and 10%) resulted in 100% mortality of both sexes within 72 h. There was no significant effect of chemicals on the number of crop contractions of flies when fed for 4 h. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that some substances such as boric acid and borax may act as toxicants without influencing the behavioral response of D. suzukii. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wen
- Laboratory of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - John G Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Greamo
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Salemme
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jaime C Piñero
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Hazman Ö, Aksoy L, Büyükben A, Kara R, Kargioğlu M, Kumral ZB, Erol I. Evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial effects and mineral levels of Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. ex Bentham. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210865. [PMID: 34909831 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities and element levels of Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. ex Bentham. The free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant capacity levels were analyzed as the antioxidant parameters. Seven bacteria and one yeast strains were used to determine the antimicrobial activity. The cytotoxic effects of plant extracts were determined using A549, MCF-7, HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The findings demonstrated that the antioxidant activity increased with an increase in the phenolic content of extracts. This species is rich in bio-elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Mg. Different concentrations of extracts could have antibacterial activity. This plant had an apparent cytotoxic effect only in the A549 cell line and increased the proliferation in other cell lines. The findings demonstrated that plant could be used alone or as a supplement to the current treatment protocols in diseases due to their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. However, it is recommended that Verbascum L. species intended for use in therapy should be procured from areas where there is no soil pollution or organic farming is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hazman
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Laçine Aksoy
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Büyükben
- Program of Chemistry Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Cay Vocational School, Turkey
| | - Recep Kara
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kargioğlu
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Zehra B Kumral
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Erol
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Zullo V, Iuliano A, Guazzelli L. Sugar-Based Ionic Liquids: Multifaceted Challenges and Intriguing Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:2052. [PMID: 33916695 PMCID: PMC8038380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates represent a promising option in transitioning from oil-based chemical resources to renewable ones, with the goal of developing chemistries for a sustainable future. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and largely available monosaccharides already provide useful chemical building blocks, so-called platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as solvents like cyrene or gamma-valerolactone. Therefore, there is great anticipation for novel applications involving materials and chemicals derived from sugars. In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), sugar-based ILs have been overlooked for a long time, mainly on account of their multistep demanding preparation. However, exploring new strategies for accessing sugar-based ILs, their study, and their exploitation, are attracting increasing interest. This is due to the growing concerns about the negative (eco)toxicity profile of most ILs in conjunction with their non-sustainable nature. In the present review, a literature survey concerning the development of sugar-based ILs since 2011 is presented. Their preparation strategies and thermal behavior analyses, sorted by sugar type, make up the first two sections with the intention to provide the reader with a useful guide. A final overview of the potential applications of sugar-based ILs and their future perspectives complement the present analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Zullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia, the condition of low blood sugar, is a common occurance in people with diabetes using insulin therapy. Protecting against hypoglycaemia by engineering an insulin preparation that can auto-adjust its biological activity to fluctuating blood glucose levels has been pursued since the 1970s, but despite numerous publications, no system that works well enough for practical use has reached clinical practise. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will summarise and scrutinise known approaches for producing glucose-sensitive insulin therapies. Notably, systems described in patent applications will be extensively covered, which has not been the case for earlier reviews of this area. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of published systems are not suitable for product development, but a few glucose-sensitive insulin concepts have recently reached clinical trials, and there is hope that glucose-sensitive insulin will become available to people with diabetes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoeg-Jensen
- Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park H5.S.05, DK-2720 Maaloev, Denmark.
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Pu LM, Wang L, Wei ZL, Chen ZZ, Long HT, Ru JX, Dong XY. A newly synthesized visual bis(salamo)-based fluorescent chemosensor for exogenous detection of B 4O 72- in living cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119263. [PMID: 33348093 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A newly synthesized fluorescent chemosensor H6L was explored for detecting B4O72-, characterized by 1H NMR spectrum, mass spectrum and fluorescence spectra. During the detection process of B4O72-, the fluorescence is significantly enhanced and naked eye recognition can be performed under 365 nm UV light without any interference by other typical anions. The limit of detection is as low as 6.97 × 10-10 M. In addition, in order to broaden the application of salamo-based fluorescence sensors in the field of biology, except for the fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells, the first attempt of exogenous detection in zebrafish was conducted successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Mei Pu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zhi-Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Chen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Hai-Tao Long
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jia-Xi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
| | - Xiu-Yan Dong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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8
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Boric Acid, a Lewis Acid With Unique and Unusual Properties: Formulation Implications. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2375-2386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aktas S, Kum C, Aksoy M. Effects of boric acid feeding on the oxidative stress parameters in testes, sperm parameters and DNA damage in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126447. [PMID: 31865229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the effects of boric acid on oxidative stress, testicular tissue and spermatozoon DNA. Experiments were performed with Swiss Albino mice divided equally into two groups based on the tratment period: one for 4 and the other for 6-week duration. These groups were further divided into subgroups as Control and those administered daily at oral doses of 115 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg of boric acid. Then, testicular tissue were examined postmortem and analyzed using ex-vivo biochemical tools for oxidative stress, spermatozoon membrane integrity, sperm motility and live cell rate (%). In both 4 and 6-week groups, v. seminalis weight, membrane integrity, motility, live cells and GSH levels exhibited a decreasing trent compared to the controls. In addition, 6-week group had a decrease in SOD level. MDA level was higher in controls in both 4 and 6-week groups. Spermatozoon DNA was intact in the 4-week group, but damaged in the 6-week group, and the degree of the damage dependent on the administered dose. Boric acid induces oxidative stress in testicular tissue, and its long-term application (only 6 weeks) caused damage in spermatozoon DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Aktas
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Cavit Kum
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Melih Aksoy
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Reproduction and AI, Aydin, Turkey
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Altinoz MA, Topcu G, Elmaci İ. Boron's neurophysiological effects and tumoricidal activity on glioblastoma cells with implications for clinical treatment. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:963-977. [PMID: 30885023 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1595618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To define the actions of boron on normal neurophysiology and glioblastoma growth. Materials and Methods: PubMed and other relevant databases were searched. Results: Discovery of novel boron compounds in treatment of glioblastoma is being actively investigated, but the majority of such studies is focused on the synthesis of boron compounds as sensitizers to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Nonetheless, the translational functionality of boron compounds is not limited to BNCT as many boron compounds possess direct tumoricidal activity and there is substantial evidence that certain boron compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, boron-containing compounds interfere with several tumorigenic pathways including intratumoral IGF-I levels, molybdenum Fe-S containing flavin hydroxylases, glycolysis, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) and Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) channels. Conclusions: Boron compounds deserve to be studied further in treatment of systemic cancers and glioblastoma due to their versatile antineoplastic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University , Istanbul , Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University , Holland , Turkey
| | - Gulacti Topcu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - İlhan Elmaci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Crosslinking dextran electrospun nanofibers via borate chemistry: Proof of concept for wound patches. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abdelkawy KS, Lack K, Elbarbry F. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Promising Arginase Inhibitors. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 42:355-370. [PMID: 27734327 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of arginase activity in several chronic disease conditions, including cancer and hypertension, may suggest new targets for treatment. Recently, the number of new arginase inhibitors with promising therapeutic effects for asthma, cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and erectile dysfunction has shown a remarkable increase. Arginase inhibitors may be chemical substances, such as boron-based amino acid derivatives, α-difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), and Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) or, of plant origin such as sauchinone, salvianolic acid B (SAB), piceatannol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PG) and obacunone. Despite their promising therapeutic potential, little is known about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some of these agents. Several studies were conducted in different animal species and in vitro systems and reported significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arginase inhibitors. Therefore, extra caution should be considered before extrapolating these studies to human. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of some effective arginase inhibitors make it challenging to formulate stable and effective formulation. In this article, existing literature on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arginase inhibitors were reviewed and compared together with emphasis on possible drug interactions and solutions to overcome pharmacokinetics challenges and shortage of arginase inhibitors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey Lack
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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Holdsworth AF, Horrocks AR, Kandola BK. Synthesis and thermal analytical screening of metal complexes as potential novel fire retardants in polyamide 6.6. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cheng R, Ou S, Bu Y, Li X, Liu X, Wang Y, Guo R, Shi B, Jin D, Liu Y. Starch–borate–graphene oxide nanocomposites as highly efficient targeted antitumor drugs. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antitumor drugs, compatible with normal cells but highly toxic against cancer cells, were prepared from starch–borate–graphene oxide (SBG) nanocomposites.
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Abstract
Arginase is an enzyme that metabolizes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. In addition to its fundamental role in the hepatic ornithine cycle, it also influences the immune systems in humans and mice. Arginase participates in many inflammatory disorders by decreasing the synthesis of nitric oxide and inducing fibrosis and tissue regeneration. L-arginine deficiency, which is modulated by myeloid cell arginase, suppresses T-cell immune response. This mechanism plays a fundamental role in inflammation-associated immunosuppression. Pathogens can synthesize their own arginase to elude immune reaction. Small-molecule arginase inhibitors are currently described as promising therapeutics for the treatment of several diseases, including allergic asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis and hypertension), diseases associated with pathogens (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella), cancer and induced or spontaneous immune disorders. This article summarizes recent patents in the area of arginase inhibitors and discusses their properties.
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Maier A, Vincent M, Hack E, Nance P, Ball W. Derivation of an occupational exposure limit for inorganic borates using a weight of evidence approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 68:424-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Vilas GL, Loganathan SK, Liu J, Riau AK, Young JD, Mehta JS, Vithana EN, Casey JR. Transmembrane water-flux through SLC4A11: a route defective in genetic corneal diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4579-90. [PMID: 23813972 PMCID: PMC3889808 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three genetic corneal dystrophies [congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy type 2 (CHED2), Harboyan syndrome and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy] arise from mutations of the SLC4a11 gene, which cause blindness from fluid accumulation in the corneal stroma. Selective transmembrane water conductance controls cell size, renal fluid reabsorption and cell division. All known water-channelling proteins belong to the major intrinsic protein family, exemplified by aquaporins (AQPs). Here we identified SLC4A11, a member of the solute carrier family 4 of bicarbonate transporters, as an unexpected addition to known transmembrane water movement facilitators. The rate of osmotic-gradient driven cell-swelling was monitored in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293 cells, expressing human AQP1, NIP5;1 (a water channel protein from plant), hCNT3 (a human nucleoside transporter) and human SLC4A11. hCNT3-expressing cells swelled no faster than control cells, whereas SLC4A11-mediated water permeation at a rate about half that of some AQP proteins. SLC4A11-mediated water movement was: (i) similar to some AQPs in rate; (ii) uncoupled from solute-flux; (iii) inhibited by stilbene disulfonates (classical SLC4 inhibitors); (iv) inactivated in one CHED2 mutant (R125H). Localization of AQP1 and SLC4A11 in human and murine corneal (apical and basolateral, respectively) suggests a cooperative role in mediating trans-endothelial water reabsorption. Slc4a11(-/-) mice manifest corneal oedema and distorted endothelial cells, consistent with loss of a water-flux. Observed water-flux through SLC4A11 extends the repertoire of known water movement pathways and call for a re-examination of explanations for water movement in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo L Vilas
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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Barton S. Teratology testing under REACH. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 947:57-72. [PMID: 23138895 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-131-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
REACH guidelines may require teratology testing for new and existing chemicals. This chapter discusses procedures to assess the need for teratology testing and the conduct and interpretation of teratology tests where required.
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Ayaki M, Iwasawa A, Niwano Y. Comparative assessment of the cytotoxicity of six anti-inflammatory eyedrops in four cultured ocular surface cell lines, as determined by cell viability scores. Clin Ophthalmol 2012. [PMID: 23185116 PMCID: PMC3501841 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s36968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anti-inflammatory eyedrops are often used in the treatment of corneal epithelial disorders. In the present study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of six anti-inflammatory eyedrops in four ocular surface cell lines. Methods The cytotoxicity of six commercially available anti-inflammatory ophthalmic solutions (ie, diclofenac, bromfenac, pranoprofen, betamethasone, and fluoromethorone) was assessed in three corneal cell lines and one conjunctival cell line. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays after exposing the cells to 10, 30, and 60 minutes of onefold, twofold, and tenfold dilutions of the drugs. Cytotoxicity was compared using the cell viability score (CVS), an integrated cytotoxic parameter that takes various factors into account, such as dilution by tear fluid or concentration by evaporation, drug exposure time, and ocular surface cell type. Results Based on the CVS scores, the order of the anti-inflammatory eyedrops tested from least to most cytotoxic, with the active ingredient %CVS50, and %CVS40/80 for each solution given in parentheses, was as follows: Rinderon® (betamethasone, 100%, 100%) >0.02% Flumethoron® (fluoromethorone, 68%, 22%) = 0.1% Flumethoron® (fluoromethorone, 76%, 22%) >Bronuck® (0.1% bromfenac, 53%, −8%) = Diclod® (0.1% diclofenac, 44%, −15%) = Niflan® (pranoprofen, 50%, −19%). Rinderon® exhibited the least toxicity of all the anti-inflammatory eyedrops tested. Eyedrops containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exhibited greater cytotoxicity than those containing steroids with benzalkonium at comparable concentrations. Concentration was the most significant factor affecting cell viability. Conclusion The cytotoxicity of the anti-inflammatory eyedrops evaluated in the present study depended on both the pharmaceutical components and preservatives. The CVS is a concise indicator of drug cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo
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Assessment of DNA integrity (COMET assay) in sperm cells of boron-exposed workers. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:27-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cytotoxicity assays of new artificial tears containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer for ocular surface cells. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2011; 55:541-546. [PMID: 21830058 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-011-0073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer is a multifunctional agent with antiadhesive, antithrombogenetic, and strong hydrating properties. MPC polymer-containing eye drops are the first such ophthalmic product to be commercially available; they contain approximately 0.1% Lipidure-PMB (copolymer of MPC and butyl methacrylate; NOF Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of this new product toward ocular surface cells. METHODS SIRC (rabbit cornea), BCE C/D-1b (bovine cornea), RC-1 (rabbit cornea), and Chang (human conjunctiva) cell lines were tested in this study. Cell viability was measured using both the MTT assay and the neutral red test in cells treated for 10, 30, or 60 min with MPC-containing eye drops and 4 commercial ophthalmic solutions containing sodium hyaluronate (SH) at various doses (undiluted, twofold diluted, and tenfold diluted). Cell viability scores were calculated. Cell viability was analyzed using ANOVA and the Dunnett test. RESULTS After treatment with the MPC eye drops, cell viability rates were maintained at over 80% irrespective of the cell lines, dilution rates, exposure times, and assays, and were similar to those of the clinically approved artificial tear products other than Hyalein 0.1%, although some significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS The MPC eye drops were tolerable to ocular surface cells, and comparable to single doses of clinically approved drugs containing sodium hyaluronate.
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O'Donovan MR, Mee CD, Fenner S, Teasdale A, Phillips DH. Boronic acids-a novel class of bacterial mutagen. Mutat Res 2011; 724:1-6. [PMID: 21645632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Boronic acids and their esters are important building blocks in organic syntheses including those for drug substances and for which, as far as it can be determined, there are no published reports of testing for genotoxicity. A number of boronic acids have now been tested in this laboratory using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA(pKM101). Twelve of the 13 structures presented here were found to be mutagenic. All the compounds except one were active only in TA100 and/or WP2uvrA(pKM101), did not require S9 activation and produced relatively weak responses, i.e. no more than seven times the concurrent solvent-control values at >1000μg/plate. The single exception was also weakly mutagenic for TA1537 in the presence of S9. Results with two compounds mutagenic for both TA100 and WP2uvrA(pKM101) showed no evidence of DNA-adduct formation detectable by (32)P-postlabelling. It appears that boronic acids represent a novel class of bacterial mutagen that may not act by direct covalent binding to DNA. However, their mechanism of action remains to be elucidated and it cannot yet be determined whether or not they present a real genotoxic hazard.
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Ayaki M, Iwasawa A, Soda M, Yaguchi S, Koide R. Cytotoxicity of five fluoroquinolone and two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory benzalkonium chloride-free ophthalmic solutions in four corneoconjunctival cell lines. Clin Ophthalmol 2010; 4:1019-24. [PMID: 20922036 PMCID: PMC2946991 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Epithelial disorders after eye surgery can result in visual deterioration and patient discomfort. Such disorders may be caused by drug toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of ophthalmic solutions, with or without benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as the preservative, used for postoperative care. Methods: A range of commercially available antibiotic and anti-inflammatory ophthalmic solutions used postoperatively (ie, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, norfloxacin, tosufloxacin, dibekacin, cefmenoxime, diclofenac, bromfenac, pranoprofen, betamethasone, and fluoromethorone) were assessed in three corneal cell lines and one conjunctival cell line. All antibiotic solutions were BAK free. Cell viability was determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after cells had been exposed to the drugs for 48 h. The effects of preservatives on cell viability were also determined. Toxicity was compared using the cell viability score (CVS). Results: Based on results of the MTT assay and CVS, the order of cell viability after exposure to the antibiotic solutions was cefmenoxime ≥ tosufloxicin ≥ dibekacin ≥ levofloxacin ≥ norfloxacin = gatifloxacin = moxifloxacin. For the anti-inflammatory solutions, the order of cell viability was betamethasone ≥ betamethasone + fradiomycin > preservative-free diclofenac ≥ preservative-free bromfenac >> 0.02% fluoromethorone ≥ 0.1% fluoromethorone = diclofenac + preservative = bromfenac + preservative = pranoprofen. The anti-inflammatory drugs were more toxic than the antibiotics. The toxicity of antibiotic drugs against ocular surface cells was dependent on the pharmaceutical components of the solution, whereas that of the anti-inflammatory drugs was dependent on both the pharmaceutical components and the preservatives. Conclusion: Postoperative drug-induced epitheliopathy may be caused primarily by anti-inflammatory drugs. CVS is useful in comparing the cytotoxicity of different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
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Kusano M, Uematsu M, Kumagami T, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Evaluation of Acute Corneal Barrier Change Induced by Topically Applied Preservatives Using Corneal Transepithelial Electric Resistance In Vivo. Cornea 2010; 29:80-5. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3181a3c3e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hulse WL, Forbes RT, Bonner MC, Getrost M. Influence of protein on mannitol polymorphic form produced during co-spray drying. Int J Pharm 2009; 382:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ayaki M, Yaguchi S, Iwasawa A, Koide R. Cytotoxicity of ophthalmic solutions with and without preservatives to human corneal endothelial cells, epithelial cells and conjunctival epithelial cells. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 36:553-9. [PMID: 18954319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytotoxicity of a range of commercial ophthalmic solutions in the presence and absence of preservatives was assessed in human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), corneal epithelia and conjunctival epithelia using in vitro techniques. METHODS Cell survival was measured using the WST-1 assay for endothelial cells and the MTT assay for epithelial cells. Commercially available timolol, carteolol, cromoglicate, diclofenac, bromfenac and hyaluronic acid ophthalmic solutions were assessed for cytotoxicity in the presence and absence of preservatives. The preservatives benzalkonium, chlorobutanol and polysorbate were also tested. The survival of cells exposed to test ophthalmic solutions was expressed as a percentage of cell survival in the control solution (distilled water added to media) after 48 h exposure. RESULTS HCEC survival was 20-30% in ophthalmic solutions diluted 10-fold. The survival of HCEC was significantly greater in all solutions in the absence of preservative than in the presence of preservative. The survival of corneal and conjunctival epithelia was consistent with that of HCECs for all test ophthalmic solutions. The preservatives polysorbate and benzalkonium were highly cytotoxic with cell survival decreasing to 20% at the concentration estimated in commercial ophthalmic solutions. By comparison, the survival of cells exposed to chlorobutanol was 80% or greater. CONCLUSIONS The cytotoxicity of ophthalmic solutions to HCEC, corneal epithelia and conjunctival epithelia decreased in the absence of preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujigaoka Hospital, Showa University School of Medicine, Aobaku Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Sabuncuoglu BT, Kocaturk PA, Yaman O, Kavas GO, Tekelioglu M. Effects of Subacute Boric Acid Administration on Rat Kidney Tissue. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008; 44:249-53. [PMID: 16749541 DOI: 10.1080/15563650600584386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Boron is used in manufacturing processes and numerous consumer products. Clarification of boron toxicity is important because of industrial and consumer exposure to boron and boron-containing compounds. The aim of this study was to observe effects of subacute boric acid administration on rat kidney tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 96 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Seventy-two rats were selected for the experimental group and 24 rats constituted the control group. Experimental group rats were divided into three groups for exposure to three different doses of orally administered boric acid (100-275-400 mg/kg/day). Kidney tissues were removed at the 10th, 30th, and 45th day after sacrificing the rats. Kidney weights, kidney boron concentration and histopathological changes were determined. RESULTS In the experimental group, a significant accumulation of boron in kidney tissue was seen, but there was a significant drop in boron concentration on the 45th day compared with the 30th day. Histopathological degenerative changes were observed especially in the proximal tubule cells that were dose- and time-dependent. CONCLUSION Subacute boric acid exposure caused dose-dependent histopathological changes in kidney tissue.
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Arslan M, Topaktas M, Rencuzogullari E. The effects of boric acid on sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes. Cytotechnology 2008; 56:91-6. [PMID: 19002846 PMCID: PMC2259264 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-007-9094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the possible genotoxic effects of boric acid (BA) (E284), which is used as an antimicrobial agent in food, by using sister chromatid exchange (SCEs) and chromosome aberration (CAs) tests in human peripheral lymphocytes. The human lymphocytes were treated with 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mug/mL concentrations of BA dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for 24 h and 48 h treatment periods. BA did not increase the SCEs for all the concentrations and treatment periods when compared to control and solvent control (DMSO). BA induced structural and total CAs at all the tested concentrations for 24 and 48 h treatment periods. The induction of the total CAs was dose dependent for the 24 h treatment period. However, BA did not cause numerical CAs. BA showed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the replication index (RI) and mitotic index (MI). BA decreased the MI in a dose-dependent manner for the 24 h treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department Biology, Natural and Applied Science Institute, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Topaktas
- Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Eyyüp Rencuzogullari
- Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
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Kutlu M, Aydoğan G, Mumcu E. Mutagenicity analysis of water samples from Seydisuyu (Kırka, Turkey) stream under the influence of boron production complex. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2064-8. [PMID: 17587479 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kirka region in Turkey is naturally high in boron content. There is also a boron production complex in our study area. Although boron was found to be neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic, mutagenicity of boron can still be discussed. In this connection, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential mutagenicity of Seydisuyu stream water in Kirka due to high boron content. Salmonella/microsome test was performed with and without metabolic activation. Total boron contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). IRA 743 extracts of water samples from four stations of Seydisuyu stream were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100, and environmental boron toxicity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kutlu
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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Korkmaz M, Uzgören E, Bakirdere S, Aydin F, Ataman OY. Effects of dietary boron on cervical cytopathology and on micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2007; 22:17-25. [PMID: 17295277 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that boron and borates may have anticarcinogenic properties. In this study, we have investigated the incidence of adverse cytological findings in cervical smears and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in women living in boron-rich and boron-poor regions. Cervical smears were prepared from 1059 women with low socioeconomic status; 472 of the women lived in relatively boron-rich rural areas, while 587 lived in relatively boron-poor regions. The average and standard deviation values for the age of the women screened with the cervical Pap smear test were 41.55 +/- 8.38. The mean dietary intake of boron was 8.41 mg/day for women from the boron-rich regions, and 1.26 mg/day for women living in the boron-poor regions (P < 0.0001). Women from the boron-rich regions had no cytopathological indications of cervical cancer, while there were cytopathological findings for 15 women from the boron-poor areas (chi(2) = 10.473, P < 0.05). Sixty women, 30 from each region, were chosen for evaluating MN frequencies in exfoliated buccal cells. MN frequencies for women from the boron-rich and boron-poor regions were not significantly different (t = -0.294, P > 0.05). Also, there were no significant correlations between age and MN frequency for women from both the boron-rich (r = 0.133, P = 0.48, P > 0.05) and boron-poor (r = -0.033, P = 0.861, P > 0.05) regions. The results suggest that ingestion of boron in the drinking water decreases the incidence of cervical cancer-related histopathological findings. There was no correlation between the pathological findings from the cervical smears and buccal cell MN frequency suggesting that the two study populations were exposed equally to gentotoxic agents. Nonetheless, cervical cancer-related histopathological findings should be validated by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncüyil University, 65200 Van, Turkey.
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Izutsu KI, Ocheda SO, Aoyagi N, Kojima S. Effects of sodium tetraborate and boric acid on nonisothermal mannitol crystallization in frozen solutions and freeze-dried solids. Int J Pharm 2004; 273:85-93. [PMID: 15010133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of sodium tetraborate (borax) and boric acid on the crystallization of mannitol in frozen aqueous solutions and freeze-dried solids. Thermal analysis of frozen solutions showed that sodium tetraborate inhibits mannitol crystallization at sodium tetraborate/mannitol molar concentration ratios of approximately 0.05, which is much lower than the other co-solutes studied (boric acid, sucrose, sodium phosphate buffer). Inhibition of the mannitol crystallization in frozen solutions resulted in highly amorphous mannitol in the freeze-dried solids. Mannitol remained in an amorphous state in some of the combination freeze-dried solids, even at elevated temperatures. Changes in the thermal transition temperatures (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solute ( T'g) and glass transition temperature of freeze-dried solid (Tg)) suggested reduced mannitol molecular mobility with increases in the sodium tetraborate ratio. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the bovine serum albumin secondary structure showed apparent protein structure-stabilizing effects of the amorphous mannitol and sodium tetraborate combination during the freeze-drying process. The mannitol and sodium tetraborate combination also protected lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from inactivation during freeze-drying. We conclude that the complex formation and the accompanying reduction in molecular mobility make sodium tetraborate an effective mannitol crystallization inhibitor in frozen solutions and freeze-dried solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Vorobiov M, Hausmann M. Topical Boric Acid for Exit-Site Infection in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient. Perit Dial Int 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080302300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vorobiov
- Department of Nephrology Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - M.J. Hausmann
- Department of Nephrology Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Izutsu KI, Rimando A, Aoyagi N, Kojima S. Effect of sodium tetraborate (borax) on the thermal properties of frozen aqueous sugar and polyol solutions. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:663-6. [PMID: 12808243 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of sodium tetraborate (Na(2)B(4)O(7), borax) on the thermal property of frozen aqueous sugar and polyol solutions was studied through thermal analysis. Addition of borax raised the thermal transition temperature (glass transition temperature of maximally freeze-concentrated solutes; T(g)') of frozen sucrose solutions depending on the borax/sucrose concentration ratios. Changes in the T(g)' of frozen mono- and disaccharide solutions suggested various forms of complexes, including those of a borate ion and two saccharide molecules. Borax exerted the maximum effect to raise the oligosaccharide and dextran T(g)'s at borax/saccharide molar ratios of approximately 1-2 (maltose and maltooligosaccharides), 2 (dextran 1060), 5 (dextran 4900), and 10 (dextran 10200). Further addition of borax lowered T(g)'s of the saccharide solutions. Borax also raised T(g) and T(g)' temperatures of frozen aqueous glycerol solutions. The decreased solute mobility in frozen solutions by the borate-polyol complexes suggested higher collapse temperature in the freeze-drying process and improved stability of biological systems in frozen solutions.
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Basoglu A, Sevinc M, Birdane FM, Boydak M. Efficacy of Sodium Borate in the Prevention of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows. J Vet Intern Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ali S, Diwakar G, Pawa S, Siddiqui M, Jain S, Abdulla M. Attenuation by boron supplementation of the biochemical changes associated with thioacetamide-induced hepatic lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jtra.10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dönbak L, Rencüzogullari E, Topaktas M. The Cytogenetic Effects of the Food Additive Boric Acid in Allium cepa L. CYTOLOGIA 2002. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.67.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lale Dönbak
- Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology
| | | | - Mehmet Topaktas
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology
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Fort DJ, Stover EL, Bantle JA, Dumont JN, Finch RA. Evaluation of a reproductive toxicity assay using Xenopus laevis: boric acid, cadmium and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. J Appl Toxicol 2001; 21:41-52. [PMID: 11180279 DOI: 10.1002/jat.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), boric acid (BA) and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) were evaluated for reproductive and developmental toxicity in Xenopus laevis. Eight reproductively mature adult male and eight superovulated female Xenopus laevis were exposed to at least five separate sublethal concentrations of each material via the culture water for a period of 30 days. Four respective pairs were mated and the offspring evaluated for developmental effects; an evaluation of reproductive status was performed on the remaining four specimens. Ovary pathology, oocyte count, oocyte maturity and maturation capacity (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) and necrosis were evaluated in the female, whereas testis pathology, sperm count, dysmorphology and motility were studied in the male. Based on this assessment, each test material exerted reproductive toxicity in Xenopus laevis, but with varying potencies. Adult female exposure to Cd and EGME particularly, and to a lesser extent to BA, resulted in transgenerational toxicity to the developing progeny. Further, this model appears to be a useful tool in the initial assessment and prioritization of potential reproductive toxicants for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Fort
- The Stover Group, 5302 W. 6th Avenue, Stillwater, OK 74074-6746, USA.
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