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Li D, Huang Z, Xu X, Li Y. Promising derivatives of rutaecarpine with diverse pharmacological activities. Front Chem 2023; 11:1199799. [PMID: 38025082 PMCID: PMC10646507 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1199799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine (RUT) is a natural pentacyclic indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid first isolated from one of the most famous traditional Chinese herbs, Evodia rutaecarpa, which is used for treating a variety of ailments, including headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, postpartum hemorrhage, amenorrhea, difficult menstruation, and other diseases. Accumulating pharmacological studies showed that RUT possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects through different mechanisms. However, its poor physicochemical properties and moderate biological activities have hampered its clinical application. In this regard, the modification of RUT aimed at seeking its derivatives with better physicochemical properties and more potency has been extensively studied. These derivatives exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antitumor, and antifungal activities via a variety of mechanisms, such as inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), acetylcholine (AChE), phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), or topoisomerases (Topos). From this perspective, this paper provides a comprehensive description of RUT derivatives by focusing on their diverse biological activities. This review aims to give an insight into the biological activities of RUT derivatives and encourage further exploration of RUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Party and Government Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Deng J, Long L, Peng X, Jiang W, Peng Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Wang Z, Zhuo L. N(14)-substituted evodiamine derivatives as dual topoisomerase 1/tubulin-Inhibiting anti-gastrointestinal tumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115366. [PMID: 37099835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumor is an important factor threatening human health. Natural product-based drug discovery is a popular paradigm for expanding the chemical space and identifying new molecular entities that ameliorate human disease. Evodiamine-inspired medicinal chemistry presents therapeutic potential for treating tumors in different tissues via multi-target inhibition. Here, by focusing on the discovery of anti-gastrointestinal tumor drugs, a series of N(14) alkyl-substituted evodiamine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structure-activity relationship studies culminated in the identification of the N(14)-propyl-substituted evodiamine analog 6b, which showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against MGC-803 (IC50 = 0.09 μM) and RKO (IC50 = 0.2 μM) cell lines. Moreover, compound 6b was effective in inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and inhibiting migration and invasion of MGC-803 and RKO cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further antitumor mechanism studies revealed that compound 6b significantly inhibited topoisomerase 1 (inhibition rate of 58.3% at 50 μM) and tubulin polymerization (IC50 = 5.69 μM). Overall, compound 6b represents a promising dual topoisomerase 1/tubulin-targeting lead structure for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ying Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Xiao SJ, Xu XK, Chen W, Xin JY, Yuan WL, Zu XP, Shen YH. Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 36790599 PMCID: PMC9931992 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Euodiae Fructus, referred to as "Wuzhuyu" in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xi-Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia-Yun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wen-Lin Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xian-Peng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yun-Heng Shen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Liu J, Guo H, Zhou J, Wang Y, Yan H, Jin R, Tang Y. Evodiamine and Rutaecarpine as Potential Anticancer Compounds: A Combined Computational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911513. [PMID: 36232809 PMCID: PMC9570036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) and rutaecarpine (RUT) are the main active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa. Here, we fully optimized the molecular geometries of EVO and RUT at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of density functional theory. The natural population analysis (NPA) charges, frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potentials, and the chemical reactivity descriptors for EVO and RUT were also investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and the analysis of the binding free energies of EVO and RUT were carried out against the anticancer target topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) to clarify their anticancer mechanisms. The docking results indicated that they could inhibit TOP1 by intercalating into the cleaved DNA-binding site to form a TOP1−DNA−ligand ternary complex, suggesting that they may be potential TOP1 inhibitors. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations evaluated the binding stability of the TOP1−DNA−ligand ternary complex. The calculation of binding free energy showed that the binding ability of EVO with TOP1 was stronger than that of RUT. These results elucidated the structure−activity relationship and the antitumor mechanism of EVO and RUT at the molecular level. It is suggested that EVO and RUT may be potential compounds for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Guo
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (Y.T.)
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Qin J, Kang DW, Zhang XM, Mo LL, Zhang YD, He JB. A New Cytotoxic Evodiamine Derivative From Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Hydroxymethyl goshuyuamide II (1), a new derivative of evodiamine with a quinazolinocarboline skeleton, along with nine known evodiamine derivatives were isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley using several different chromatographic separations. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Putative biosynthetic pathways toward 1 are proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 and 4 to 10 exhibited cytotoxic activity against six human tumor lines, and compounds 4 and 7 to 10 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Kang
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xue-mei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-ling Mo
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | | | - Jiang-bo He
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, P. R. China
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Baglini E, Salerno S, Barresi E, Robello M, Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Marini AM. Multiple Topoisomerase I (TopoI), Topoisomerase II (TopoII) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase (TDP) inhibitors in the development of anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ma C, Liu X, Shan Y, Xu S, Feng X, Wang QZ. A new quinolone alkaloid from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:222-227. [PMID: 31273999 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1624954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rare new quinolone alkaloid containing three degrees of unsaturation in the side chain, named as 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-pentadecatriene]-4(1H)-quinolone (1), together with three known quinolone alkaloids 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-8-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (4), were isolated from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines, including Lovo, MDA-MB-231, HeLa cells, by MTT method in 96-well microplates, and compounds 1 exhibited potent activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 7.95 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shan
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Zhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Zhao Z, He X, Han W, Chen X, Liu P, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang L, Wu S, Zheng X. Genus Tetradium L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:337-354. [PMID: 30472402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is frequently utilized as a common traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. It has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases such as headache, menorrhalgia, dermatophytosis, celialgia, emesis and aphtha and so on. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Despite the wide biological activities of Tetradium plants, there is no current review summarizing medicinal properties of the genus of plants; thus, this review aims to systematically summarize studies on botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical ingredients, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities and toxicity of Tetradium species to demonstrate their therapeutic capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information and materials related to Tetradium species were obtained from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Wikipedia, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, SciFinder. Information was also gathered from International Plant Names Index, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Traditional Chinese Medicine classics, etc. All studies of this genus were included in this review until July 2018. RESULTS Tetradium is widely assessed regarding its phytochemistry and biological activities. Approximately 131 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols and other compounds, have been isolated from Tetradium plants. Among these components, alkaloid evodiamine is the most representative active ingredients of Tetradium plants. These compounds isolated from Tetradium plants exhibit a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, cardioprotective and lipid-lowering, treating CNS disorders, digestive system regulation and endocrine system improving activities. Furthermore, alkaloids could be used as markers for quality identification and evaluation of medicinal materials and their preparations. Information on evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of Tetradium often focuses on the alkaloids, thus further study and clinical data are required to enable the drug safety of the utilization of Tetradium plants. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Tetradium plants have proved Tetradium plants are important medicinal herb resource. However, well-designed randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the therapeutic benefits of this genus in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Wang C, Yue F, Ai G, Yang J. Simultaneous determination of evodiamine and its four metabolites in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4219. [PMID: 29470848 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Jining China
| | - Fang Yue
- Department of Pharmacy; Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Jining China
| | - Guangfeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy; Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Jining China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy; Jining No. 1 People's Hospital; Jining China
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Bitterness and antibacterial activities of constituents from Evodia rutaecarpa. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:180. [PMID: 28356098 PMCID: PMC5372309 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Bitter herbs are important in Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Electronic Tongue (e-Tongue) is an instrument that can be trained to evaluate bitterness of bitter herbs and their constituents. The aim of this research was to evaluate bitterness of limonoids and alkaloids from Evodia rutaecarpa to demonstrate that they are main bitter material basic of E. rutaecarpa. Methods Nine compounds, including limonoids, indoloquinazoline alkaloids and quinolone alkaloids, were isolated, identified and analyzed by the e-Tongue. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the nine compounds were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus. Results All the nine compounds had bitter taste and antibacterial activities to some extent. Among them, limonoids, which were the bitterest compounds, had greater antibacterial activities than alkaloids. And there is a positive correlation between bitter taste and antibacterial activities. Conclusions It was confirmed in our study that limonoids, indoloquinazoline alkaloids and quinolone alkaloids are main bitter material basic of E. rutaecarpa based on two evaluation methods of e-Tongue and antibacterial experiment. In addition, the e-Tongue technique is a suitable new method to measure bitter degree in herbs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1701-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chou ST, Hsiang CY, Lo HY, Huang HF, Lai MT, Hsieh CL, Chiang SY, Ho TY. Exploration of anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of Zuo-Jin-Wan and its alkaloid components in vitro and in orthotopic HepG2 xenograft immunocompetent mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:121. [PMID: 28219365 PMCID: PMC5319192 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zuo-Jin-Wan (ZJW), a two-herb formula consisting of Coptis chinensis (CC) and Evodia rutaecarpa (ER), is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancers. However, the efficacies and mechanisms of ZJW and its alkaloid components on cancers are still unclear. METHODS Here we investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of ZJW, CC, ER, berberine, and evodiamine in cells and in intrahepatic xenograft mice. RESULTS Treatment of HepG2 cells with ZJW, CC, ER, berberine, and evodiamine significantly displayed cytotoxic effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hierarchical cluster analysis of gene expression profiles showed that CC and ZJW shared a similar mechanism for the cytotoxic effects, suggesting that CC was the active ingredient of ZJW for anti-cancer activity. Network analysis further showed that c-myc was the likely key molecule involved in the regulation of ZJW-affected gene expression. A human hepatoma xenograft model was established by intrahepatic injection of HepG2 cells containing nuclear factor-κB-driven luciferase genes in immunocompetent mice. In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed that cells had been successfully transplanted in mouse liver. Oral administration of ZJW for 28 consecutive days led to a significant decrease in the accumulation of ascites, the ratio of tumor-to-liver, and the number of transplanted cells in livers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings suggested for the first time that ZJW significantly suppressed human cancer cell growth in orthotopic HepG2 xenograft-bearing immunocompetent mice. Moreover, c-myc might play a potent role in the cytotoxic mechanisms of ZJW, CC, ER, berberine, and evodiamine.
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Zhao LC, Li J, Liao K, Luo N, Shi QQ, Feng ZQ, Chen DL. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27411-21. [PMID: 26580615 PMCID: PMC4661889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) exhibits strong anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EVO on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 has not been explored in detail, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, and morphological changes in the nucleus were examined by fluorescence microscopy and Hoechst staining. Cell motility was detected by Transwell assay. ELISA was used to assess the protein levels of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in the cell supernatant, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Our results showed that EVO inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells, caused accumulation of cells in S and G2/M phases, and reduced the levels of the secreted form of AMF. The protein levels of tumor suppressor protein (p53), Bcl-2 Associated X protein (Bax), B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) were altered in cells treated with EVO. Taken together, our results suggest that EVO modulates the activity of the p53 signaling pathway to induce apoptosis and downregulate MMP3 expression by inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway through the downregulation of PGI to inhibit migration of HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Cui Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Drug Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Respiration, Cheng Du Tumor Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Nian Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qing-Qiang Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Progress in Studies on Rutaecarpine. II.--Synthesis and Structure-Biological Activity Relationships. Molecules 2015; 20:10800-21. [PMID: 26111170 PMCID: PMC6272352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine is a pentacyclic indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid found in Evodia rutaecarpa and other related herbs. It has a variety of intriguing biological properties, which continue to attract the academic and industrial interest. Studies on rutaecarpine have included isolation from new natural sources, development of new synthetic methods for its total synthesis, the discovery of new biological activities, metabolism, toxicology, and establishment of analytical methods for determining rutaecarpine content. The present review focuses on the synthesis, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of rutaecarpine derivatives, with respect to their antiplatelet, vasodilatory, cytotoxic, and anticholinesterase activities.
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Hochfellner C, Evangelopoulos D, Zloh M, Wube A, Guzman JD, McHugh TD, Kunert O, Bhakta S, Bucar F. Antagonistic effects of indoloquinazoline alkaloids on antimycobacterial activity of evocarpine. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:864-72. [PMID: 25604161 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The interaction of quinolone and indoloquinazoline alkaloids concerning their antimycobacterial activity was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The antimycobacterial and modulating activity of evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2) and evocarpine (3) was tested on mycobacteria including three multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antagonistic effects were concluded from fractional inhibitory concentration (FICI) values. Interaction energies of the compounds were calculated using GLUE docking module implemented in GRID. 1 and 2 exhibited weak inhibition of rapidly growing mycobacteria, however, 1 was active against Myco. tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC = 10 mg l(-1) ) while 2 was inactive. Both 1 and 2 showed a marked antagonistic effect on the susceptibility of different mycobacterial strains to 3 giving FICI values between 5 and 9. The interaction energies between compounds 1 and 2 with compound 3 suggested the possibility of complex formation in solution. CONCLUSIONS Indoloquinazoline alkaloids markedly reduce the antimycobacterial effect of the quinolone alkaloid evocarpine. Complex formation may play a role in the attenuation of its antimycobacterial activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study gives a striking example of antagonism between compounds present in the same plant extract which should be considered in natural product based screening projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hochfellner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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15
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Toxicity of Evodiae fructus on rat liver mitochondria: the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition. Molecules 2014; 19:21168-82. [PMID: 25521117 PMCID: PMC6271464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiaefructus (EF) has been used in China for thousands of years as an analgesic, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal drug. EF is a toxic drug and causes hepatotoxicity in humans. Although recent chronic toxicity studies performed on aqueous extract of EF has revealed that it can produce obvious cumulative hepatotoxicity, the mechanism behind this toxicity is still uncertain. In the present study, we investigated the influence of EF on oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cytochrome C release of hepatic mitochondria. Rats were divided into four groups and fed distilled water, 6, 12, 24 g/kg of aqueous extract of EF daily for 15 days. Evodiamine, rutaecarpine and evodine were quantified in the aqueous extract by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). The results showed that aqueous extract of EF could significantly (p < 0.05) decrease MnSOD levels to 56.50%, 46.77% and 19.67% of control group, GSH level was decreased to 74.24%, 53.97% and 47.91% of control group and MDA level was increased to 131.55%, 134.34% and 150.81% of control group in the 6, 12 and 24 g/kg groups, respectively; extract also induced mitochondria swelling, vacuolation, MPT pore opening and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in mitochondrial potential, while ATP levels were significant decreased (p < 0.05) to 65.24%, 38.08% and 34.59% of control group in the 6, 12 and 24 g/kg groups, respectively, resulting in ATP depletion and CytC release, finally trigger cell death signaling, which are the partial hepatotoxicity mechanisms of EF.
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Wen B, Roongta V, Liu L, Moore DJ. Metabolic activation of the indoloquinazoline alkaloids evodiamine and rutaecarpine by human liver microsomes: dehydrogenation and inactivation of cytochrome P450 3A4. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1044-54. [PMID: 24696463 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.057414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine and rutaecarpine are the main active indoloquinazoline alkaloids of the herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa, which is widely used for the treatment of hypertension, abdominal pain, angina pectoris, gastrointestinal disorder, and headache. Immunosuppressive effects and acute toxicity were reported in mice treated with evodiamine and rutaecarpine. Although the mechanism remains unknown, it is proposed that metabolic activation of the indoloquinazoline alkaloids and subsequent covalent binding of reactive metabolites to cellular proteins play a causative role. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of incubations containing evodiamine and NADPH-supplemented microsomes in the presence of glutathione (GSH) revealed formation of a major GSH conjugate which was subsequently indentified as a benzylic thioether adduct on the C-8 position of evodiamine by NMR analysis. Several other GSH conjugates were also detected, including conjugates of oxidized and demethylated metabolites of evodiamine. Similar GSH conjugates were formed in incubations with rutaecarpine. These findings are consistent with a bioactivation sequence involving initial cytochrome P450-catalyzed dehydrogenation of the 3-alkylindole moiety in evodiamine and rutaecarpine to an electrophile 3-methyleneindolenine. Formation of the evodiamine and rutaecarpine GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, respectively. It was found that the 3-methyleneindolenine or another reactive intermediate was a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP3A4, with inactivation parameters KI = 29 µM and kinact = 0.029 minute(-1), respectively. In summary, these findings are of significance in understanding the bioactivation mechanisms of indoloquinazoline alkaloids, and dehydrogenation of evodiamine and rutaecarpine may cause toxicities through formation of electrophilic intermediates and lead to drug-drug interactions mainly via CYP3A4 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Drug Metabolism, Non-Clinical Safety (B.W., L.L., D.J.M.) and Discovery Chemistry (V.R.), Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey
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17
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Kim D, Lee YH, Park SH, Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Jang HS, Lee JM, Lee HY, Han BS, Son WC, Seok JH, Lee JK, Jeong J, Kang JS, Kang JK. Subchronic oral toxicity of evodia fruit powder in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1072-1078. [PMID: 24384379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evodia, a fruit from Evodia rutaecarpa, has been used in oriental medicine, and since its various pharmaceutical actions, including anti-cancer activity, have become known, evodia has been widely used as a dietary supplement. However, information regarding its toxicity is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Evodia fruit from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (0, 25, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 mg/kg) was administered orally five times per week for 13 weeks. Clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, vaginal cytology, sperm morphology, organ weight, and gross and histopathological findings were evaluated. RESULTS Urinary ketone body excretion was detected in males at 667 and 2000 mg/kg and in females at 2000 mg/kg. An increase in absolute/relative liver weight was observed in both sexes at 2000 mg/kg. Although levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly reduced in males and/or females at 200 and/or 667 and 2000 mg/kg, all values were within normal ranges and were considered non-adverse. In addition, no treatment-related differences in body weight, food consumption, hematology, vaginal cytology, sperm morphology, or gross and histopathological examination were detected. CONCLUSIONS The subchronic no-observable-adverse-effect level for evodia fruit powder following oral administration in rats is greater than 2000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyeol Kim
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Jun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Song Jang
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 21 Maeju-ri, Seonghwan-eup, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 686-2 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Han
- Hoseo Toxicity Research Center, Hoseo University Biomedical Laboratory Science, 79 Hoseo-ro BaeBang-Myeon, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro-43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Seok
- Toxicological Research Divison, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Research Divison, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Toxicological Research Divison, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 21 Maeju-ri, Seonghwan-eup, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal medicine, College of Veterinary medicine, Chungbuk National University, 410 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang XL, Sun J, Wu HH, Jing YK, Chai X, Wang YF. A new indoloquinazoline alkaloidal glucoside from the nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1917-21. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.791823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Kun Jing
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P.R. China
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19
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Huang X, Li W, Yang XW. New cytotoxic quinolone alkaloids from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:709-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Kim SI, Lee SH, Lee ES, Lee CS, Jahng Y. New topoisomerases inhibitors: synthesis of rutaecarpine derivatives and their inhibitory activity against topoisomerases. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:785-9. [PMID: 22644846 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of rutaecarpine derivatives were prepared by employing previously reported methods and their inhibitory activities against topoisomerase I and II were evaluated. Among them, strongly cytotoxic 10-bromorutaecarpine and 3-chlororutaecarpine showed strong inhibitory activities against topo I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ill Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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21
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Towards modernization of the formulation of the traditional uighur medicine herbal preparation abnormal savda munziq. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:863101. [PMID: 21837249 PMCID: PMC3152965 DOI: 10.1155/2012/863101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) is a herbal preparation used in Traditional Uighur Medicine for the treatment and prevention of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic asthma and cancer. The recommended dose of this decoction for cancer patients is 500 mL administered orally three times a day. Our approach aimed at reducing the high amount of fluid intake required by fractionation of ASMq guided by the antiproliferative activity on HL-60 cells. The fractionation of ASMq resulted in the preparation of an active extract, Extr-4. Using solid phase extraction, Extr-4 was further fractionated into five fractions (SPE-0, SPE-20, SPE-40, SPE-60 and SPE-80), with SPE-40 showing the strongest antiproliferative activity. Caffeic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, luteolin and formononetin were identified in Extr-4 and fractions thereof by means of TLC, HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. SPE-40 contained the main compounds responsible for the antiproliferative activity on HL-60 cells. Thus, a phenolic fraction with high antiproliferative activity on HL-60 cells was obtained from ASMq through the bioassay-guided fractionation process. This could provide a better pharmaceutical formulation that minimizes the administration inconveniencies of a high volume (1.5 L per day) of ASMq decoction for cancer patients.
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22
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Pin F, Comesse S, Daïch A. Intramolecular N-aza-amidoalkylation in association with Witkop–Winterfeldt oxidation as the key step to synthesize Luotonin-A analogues. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Zhong S, Ye H, Peng A, Shi J, He S, Li S, Ye X, Tang M, Chen L. Separation and Purification of Quinolone Alkaloids from the Chinese Herbal MedicineEvodia rutaecarpa (Juss.)Benth by High Performance Counter-Current Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.532529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Wang TY, Wu JB, Hwang TL, Kuo YH, Chen JJ. A new quinolone and other constituents from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum: effects on neutrophil pro-inflammatory responses. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1828-34. [PMID: 20658672 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is widely used in healthcare products for the improvement of blood circulation, headache, abdominal pain, amenorrhea, chill limbs, migraine, and nausea. A new quinolone, 2-[(6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-6,9-dienyl]quinolin-4(1H)-one (1), has been isolated from the fruits of T. ruticarpum, together with eleven known compounds. The structure of the new compound was determined by NMR and MS analyses. Rutaecarpine (4), evodiamine (5), and skimmianine (7) exhibited inhibition (IC(50) < or = 20.9 microM) of O2(.-) generation by human neutrophils in response to N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). In addition, 1, evocarpine (2), 4, 7, and evodol (8) inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC(50) values < or =14.4 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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25
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Jiang J, Hu C. Evodiamine: a novel anti-cancer alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa. Molecules 2009; 14:1852-9. [PMID: 19471205 PMCID: PMC6254303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14051852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbs are regarded as a new and promising source of potential anti-cancer remedies and new chemotherapy adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and/or to ameliorate its side effects. Extensive investigations have been undertaken both in the experimental and clinical studies over the years to augment the efficacy of chemotherapy. Evodia rutaecarpa is a very popular multi-purpose herb traditionally used in China for the treatment of headaches, abdominal pain, postpartum hemorrhage, dysentery and amenorrhea. The major constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa are evodiamine and rutaecarpine. Growing evidence demonstrates that evodiamine possesses anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting proliferation, invasion and metastasis, inducing apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell lines. This review is aimed to summarize the recent researches on evodiamine focusing on anti-cancer activity and to highlight molecular mechanisms during the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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26
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Evodiamine stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable complex to inhibit topoisomerase I activity. Molecules 2009; 14:1342-52. [PMID: 19384267 PMCID: PMC6254212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14041342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO), an alkaloidal compound isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.), has been reported to affect many physiological functions. Topoisomerase inhibitors have been developed in a variety of clinical applications. In the present study, we report the topoisomerase I (TopI) inhibitory activity of EVO, which may have properties that lead to improved therapeutic benefits. EVO is able to inhibit supercoiled plasmid DNA relaxation catalyzed by TopI. Upon treatment 0-10 microM EVO TopI was depleted in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner in 0-120 min. A K-SDS precipitation assay was performed to measure the extent of Top I-trapped chromosomal DNA. The ability of EVO to cause the formation of a TopI-DNA complex increased in a concentration-dependent manner, in that the DNA trapped increased by 24.2% in cells treated with 30 microM. The results suggest that EVO inhibits TopI by stabilizing the enzyme and DNA covalent complex.
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27
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Lee SH, Son JK, Jeong BS, Jeong TC, Chang HW, Lee ES, Jahng Y. Progress in the studies on rutaecarpine. Molecules 2008; 13:272-300. [PMID: 18305418 PMCID: PMC6245441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs, which has shown a variety of intriguing biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity, as well as effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Recent progress in the studies on the isolation, synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, biological activities and metabolism of rutaecarpine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yurngdong Jahng
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749 Korea
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da Silva MFDGF, Soares MS, Fernandes JB, Vieria PC. Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008; 64:139-214. [PMID: 18085331 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Rutaceae continues to be the primary source of new alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones. In the past 17 years, the overall distribution of these alkaloid types within the family has changed little since the chemosystematics reviews by Waterman (270), Mester (40), and da Silva et al. (279). Alkylquinolones dominate the reported isolations with about 51% of the total, with arylquinolones (16%), alkylquinolines (15%), alkylarylquinolines (11%), arylquinolines (3%), alkylarylquinolones (2%), and quinolines (2%) as the significant structural groups contributing to the remainder of this class of alkaloids. The alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/one alkaloids occur in 50 species belonging to 24 genera and 6 subfamilies. Despite the intensive chemical exploration of many species from other plants in the Rutales family, but not in the family Rutaceae, the first alkaloid alkylquinolone from a simaroubaceous plant (160) was not reported until 1997. Although many additional alkaloids have been reported, some of new structural types (Bo.4), substantial biosynthetic work on plant-derived alkylquinolin/ones has not yet been carried out. The biosynthesis of some of these alkaloids in bacteria was firmly established as being derived from anthranilic acid. Outside of the Rutales, alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones have not been found, except for simple quinoline (A.1; only one) and 2-methylquinoline derivatives in the Zygophyllaceae, and only an atypical quinolone derivative (Ao.1) in the Asteraceae family. A few 3-phenylquinolines (2), 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (1), and quinoline-quinazoline (1) alkaloids have been reported from only a single genus in the Zygophyllaceae. Tryptophan-derived quinolines in higher plants are confined to a few 2-carboxylicquinolin/ones (6) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (5); the former found in the Ephedraceae (5), Boraginaceae (1), Fagaceae (1), Ginkgoaceae (1), Plumbaginaceae (1), Solanaceae (1), and Apiaceae (1), and the latter in the Moraceae (3), Alliaceae (1), and Pontederiacae (1). The number of quinolones derived from glycine and a polyketide is also limited. 5-Alkyl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones (8) occur in the Euphorbiaceae, and 5-alkyaryl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones ((3) in the Sterculiaceae. Alkylquinolin/ones are well-known as typical alkaloids of three Proteobacteria and three Actinobacteria; the genus Pseudomonas yielded the majority (46%) of the total number of alkaloids reported (39). 2-Carboxylicquinolin/ones (4) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (6) are minor constituents in both divisions of bacteria. More interesting are the quinolactacins (7), in which the second nitrogen is derived from L-valine or L-isoleucine, recently reported to occur only in the fungus Penicillium. Many of these diverse alkaloids have served directly as medicines or as lead compounds for the synthesis (258) of derivatives with an improved biological profile. It is apparent from the summary view of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones reported in the Rutaceae that they help to confirm the affinity between Rutoideae tribes and provide firm support for placing the Spathelioideae and the Dictyolomatoideae close to the more primitive Zanthoxyleae tribe. On the other hand, the bacteria and fungi are needed for more substantial chemical studies. When more data become available, it is likely that useful systematic correlations will emerge. More detailed studies regarding the biosynthetic pathways of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones in the Rutaceae and in bacteria are needed. Such studies would clarify the differences in the pathways based on their derivation from anthranilic acid in bacteria and in rutaceous plants. Finally, this survey indicates that the Rutaceae, and various bacterial and fungal species offer considerable potential for the discovery of new or known alkaloids with significant and possibly valuable biological activities.
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Han XH, Hong SS, Lee D, Lee JJ, Lee MS, Moon DC, Han K, Oh KW, Lee MK, Ro JS, Hwang BY. Quinolone alkaloids from evodiae fructus and their inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:397-401. [PMID: 17489352 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (1) was previously isolated as a selective MAO-B inhibitor from the Evodiae Fructus. Further bioassay-guided purification led to the identification of five known quinolone alkaloids, 1-methyl-2-nonyl-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-6-undecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3), evocarpine (4), 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (5), and dihydroevocarpine (6). All the isolates showed more potent inhibitory effects against MAO-B compared to MAO-A. The most MAO-B selective compound 5 among the isolates inhibited MAO-B in a competitive manner, according to kinetic analyses by Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hua Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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