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Parys W, Pyka-Pająk A. TLC–Densitometry for Determination of Omeprazole in Simple and Combined Pharmaceutical Preparations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081016. [PMID: 36015164 PMCID: PMC9416117 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TLC combined with densitometry was used and chromatographic conditions developed to separate omeprazole and diclofenac sodium from their potential impurities. The development of the TLC–densitometry method is based on the elaboration of new chromatographic conditions allowing for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole and diclofenac sodium in a pharmaceutical preparation. Identification and quantification of omeprazole in simple and combined (with diclofenac) pharmaceutical preparations was performed on silica gel 60F254 using one mobile phase: chloroform–methanol–ammonia (36:4:0.60, v/v). Diclofenac sodium was determined in the presence of omeprazole after 2D separation on silica gel using two mobile phases of the first phase of chloroform–methanol–ammonia (36:4:0.60, v/v) and the second mobile phase cyclohexane–chloroform–methanol–glacial acetic acid (6:3:0.5:0.5 v/v). The developed method is simple, economical, specific, precise, accurate, sensitive, and robust, with a good range of linearity for the quantification of omeprazole and diclofenac sodium. TLC in combination with densitometry can be used as an effective analytical tool for quality control and quantitative determination of omeprazole in simple and combined pharmaceutical preparations containing diclofenac sodium. TLC in combination with densitometry can be recommended for the analysis of omeprazole and diclofenac sodium in the absence of HPLC or spectrophotometer in the laboratory or to confirm results obtained with other analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Parys
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (A.P.-P.); Tel.: +48-32-364-15-34 (W.P.); +48-32-364-15-30 (A.P.-P.)
| | - Alina Pyka-Pająk
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (A.P.-P.); Tel.: +48-32-364-15-34 (W.P.); +48-32-364-15-30 (A.P.-P.)
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Effect of Sijunzi Pills on Pharmacokinetics of Omeprazole in Beagle Dogs by HPLC-UV: A Herb-Drug Interaction Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4181196. [PMID: 34868331 PMCID: PMC8642003 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4181196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) method for determination of omeprazole in beagle dog plasma was developed and to investigate the effect of Sijunzi pills (SJZPs) on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in beagle dogs. The beagle dog plasma was extracted with ethyl acetate and n-hexane under alkaline conditions. Omeprazole and internal standard (IS, fluconazole) were separated on an XDB-C18 column, and acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid were used as the mobile phase. Omeprazole and IS were detected by using a diode array detector. This experiment adopts the experimental design of double-cycle self-control. In the first cycle (group A), six beagle dogs were given omeprazole 0.67 mg/kg orally in a single dose. In the second period (group B), the same six beagle dogs were orally given SJZPs 0.2 g/kg twice a day for 7 consecutive days, and then, omeprazole was orally given. At the different time points after omeprazole was given in the two periods, the blood samples were collected. The concentration of omeprazole was detected by the developed HPLC method. DAS 2.0 was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole. Under the current experimental conditions, this UPLC method showed good linearity in the detection of omeprazole. Interday and intraday precision did not exceed 10%, and the range of accuracy values were from -1.43% to 2.76%. The results of extraction recovery and stability met the requirements of FDA approval guidelines of bioanalytical method validation. The C max of omeprazole in group B was 61.55% higher than that in group A, and the AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) of omeprazole in group B were 63.96% and 63.65% higher those that in group A, respectively. At the same time, the clearance (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) decreased in group B. In this study, an HPLC method for the determination of plasma omeprazole concentration was established. SJZPs could inhibit the metabolism of omeprazole and increase the concentration of omeprazole in beagle dogs. It is suggested that when SJZPs are combined with omeprazole, attention should be paid to the herb-drug interactions and possible adverse reactions.
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Kim SB, Kim KS, Kim DD, Yoon IS. Metabolic interactions of rosmarinic acid with human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:111-117. [PMID: 30466000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the widespread use of herbal medicines containing rosmarinic acid (RA) and limited literature available thereon, we investigated the metabolic interactions of RA with human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The involvement of selected enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3 A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT2B7) in the metabolism of RA and the inhibitory effect of RA on the enzyme activity were comprehensively evaluated using human recombinant isozyme system. Additionally, concentration-dependent RA metabolism mediated by phase I enzymes (including CYPs) or UGT was investigated in human liver microsome (HLM) system. A significant disappearance of RA was observed in the seven CYP and UGT isoforms studied, indicating their possible involvement in the metabolism of RA. Based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the metabolism study using HLM suggests that the UGT system may have a higher capacity and lower affinity for the metabolism of RA than phase I enzyme (including CYP) systems. Moreover, RA weakly inhibited CYP2C9 and 2E1 activities with IC50 values of 39.6 and 61.0 μM, respectively, while moderately inhibiting UGT1A1, 1A6, and 2B7 with IC50 values of 9.24, 19.1, and 23.4 μM, respectively. By constructing Line weaver-Burk plots, the type of inhibition exhibited by RA on CYP and UGT activities was determined as follows: CYP2C19, mixed inhibition; CYP2E1, UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT2B7, competitive inhibition. Based on the comparison of the IC50 and Ki values obtained in the current study with the previously reported plasma concentrations of RA after oral dosing in humans, it is suggested that RA may significantly inhibit the activities of the tested UGTs, rather than CYPs, in clinical settings. Thus, the present study could provide a basis for further studies on clinically significant interactions between UGT substrate drugs and herbal medicines containing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bum Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
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El-Kommos ME, Khashaba PY, Ali HRH, El-Wekil MM. Different Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods for Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): A Review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1079722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. El-Kommos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Pakinaz Y. Khashaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hassan Refat H. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. El-Wekil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Al-Badr AA. Omeprazole. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2010; 35:151-262. [PMID: 22469222 DOI: 10.1016/s1871-5125(10)35004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Lee DY, Jung YS, Shin HS, Lee I, Kim YC, Lee MG. Faster clearance of omeprazole in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate: contribution of increased expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1 and intestinal CYP1A and 3A subfamilies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:843-51. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been reported that omeprazole is mainly metabolized via hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the expression of hepatic CYP3A1 is increased in male Sprague-Dawley rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (U-ARF rats). Thus, the metabolism of omeprazole would be expected to increase in U-ARF rats. After intravenous administration of omeprazole (20 mgkg−1) to U-ARF rats, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC) was significantly reduced (371 vs 494 μg min mL−1), possibly due to the significantly faster non-renal clearance (56.6 vs 41.2 mL min−1 kg−1) compared with control rats. This could have been due to increased expression of hepatic CYP3A1 in U-ARF rats. After oral administration of omeprazole (40 mg kg−1) to U-ARF rats, the AUC was also significantly reduced (89.3 vs 235 μg min mL−1) compared with control rats. The AUC difference after oral administration (62.0% decrease) was greater than that after intravenous administration (24.9% decrease). This may have been primarily due to increased intestinal metabolism of omeprazole caused by increased expression of intestinal CYP1A and 3A subfamilies in U-ARF rats, in addition to increased hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Young S Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
- Roche Korea, Glass Tower Building, 946-1, Daechi-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-706, South Korea
| | - Inchul Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Foundation, Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Poongnap 2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Young C Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Myung G Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Gallardo V, López-Viota M, Sierra J, Ruiz MA. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic determination of omeprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:516-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450902814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee DY, Jung YS, Kim YC, Kim SY, Lee MG. Faster clearance of omeprazole in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats: possible roles of increased protein expression of hepatic CYP1A2 and lower plasma protein binding. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2009; 30:107-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lee DY, Kim JW, Lee MG. Pharmacokinetic interaction between oltipraz and omeprazole in rats: Competitive inhibition of metabolism of oltipraz by omeprazole via CYP1A1 and 3A2, and of omeprazole by oltipraz via CYP1A1/2, 2D1/2, and 3A1/2. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007; 32:328-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Patel B, Patel M, Patel J, Suhagia B. Simultaneous Determination of Omeprazole and Domperidone in Capsules by RP‐HPLC and Densitometric HPTLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701360368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Patel
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , L. M. College of Pharmacy , Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhabhai Patel
- a S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignesh Patel
- a S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhanubhai Suhagia
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , L. M. College of Pharmacy , Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Lee DY, Lee I, Lee MG. Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition: partial restoration of some parameters to control levels by oral cysteine supplementation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007; 31:37-46. [PMID: 17202439 DOI: 10.1177/014860710703100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that omeprazole is mainly metabolized via the hepatic cytochrome (CYP) 1A1/2, 3A1/2, and 2D1, and the expressions and mRNA levels of CYP1A2, 2C11, and 3A1/2 decreased in protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) rats compared with controls. Interestingly, the decreased CYP1A2, 2C11, and 3A1/2 in PCM rats returned fully or partially to control levels by oral cysteine supplementation (PCMC rats). Hence, it could be expected that some pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole might change in PCM rats and partially restore to control levels in PCMC rats. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetic changes of omeprazole in PCM rats and restoration of the parameters in PCMC rats to control levels. METHODS Omeprazole was administered intravenously (20 mg/kg) and orally (40 mg/kg) to control, PCM, and PCMC rats. RESULTS The following pharmacokinetic parameters were changed in PCM rats and partially returned to control levels in PCMC rats: the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC; 387, 762, and 539 microg min/mL for control, PCM, and PCMC rats, respectively, after intravenous [IV] administration, and the corresponding values after oral administration: 115, 304, and 201 microg min/mL), total body clearance (51.7, 25.5, and 37.1 mL/min/kg, respectively), nonrenal clearance (51.5, 25.4, and 36.1 mL/min/kg, respectively), and in vitro intrinsic clearance (0.158, 0.118, and 0.138 mL/min/mg protein). CONCLUSIONS PCM was associated with significant changes in some omeprazole pharmacokinetics and the pharmacokinetic parameters restored to control levels by oral cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee DY, Lee I, Lee MG. Pharmacokinetics of omeprazole after intravenous and oral administration to rats with liver cirrhosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine. Int J Pharm 2006; 330:37-44. [PMID: 16997515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole after intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral (40 mg/kg) administration to rats with liver cirrhosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (cirrhotic rats) with respect to CYP isozyme changes. The expressions of CYP1A2 and 3A1 decreased in cirrhotic rats and omeprazole is reported to be mainly metabolized via CYP1A1/2, 2D1, and 3A1/2 in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hence, the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole could be changed in cirrhotic rats. After intravenous administration to cirrhotic rats, the AUC (1180 microg min/ml versus 474 microg min/ml) and CL(NR) (17.4 ml/min/kg versus 42.3 ml/min/kg) of omeprazole were significantly greater and slower, respectively, than the controls. This could be due to decrease in the expressions of CYP1A2 and 3A1 in cirrhotic rats. The significantly slower CL(NR) could be supported by significantly slower in vitro CL(int) for the disappearance of omeprazole from hepatic microsomal study (0.102 ml/min/mg protein versus 0.144 ml/min/mg protein) and slower hepatic blood flow rate in cirrhotic rats. After oral administration to cirrhotic rats, the AUC difference was considerably greater (451% versus 149%) than that after intravenous administration, possibly due to decrease in intestinal first-pass effect of omeprazole in addition to decrease in hepatic metabolism of omeprazole in cirrhotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Lee DY, Shin HS, Lee I, Lee MG. Pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats with water deprivation for 72 hours. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2006; 27:361-70. [PMID: 16894645 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration can occur by excessive sweating, polyuria, severe diarrhea and hyperthermia. Previous studies reported that the expressions of CYP1A1/2 and 3A1(23)/2 were not changed in male Sprague-Dawley rats with 72 h water deprivation (dehydrated rats), and that the metabolism of omeprazole is mainly catalysed via CYP1A1/2, 2D1 and 3A23/2 in rats. Hence, it could be expected that the hepatic metabolism of omeprazole would not be changed considerably in dehydrated rats, if the contribution of CYP2D1 to the metabolism of omeprazole in dehydrated rats is not considerable. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole were compared after intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral (40 mg/kg) administration in control rats and in dehydrated rats. After intravenous administration, the time-averaged nonrenal clearance (Cl(nr)) values of omeprazole were comparable between the two groups of rats. This could be supported by comparable in vitro intrinsic clearance (Cl(int)) values for the disappearance of omeprazole in rat hepatic microsomes and the comparable free (unbound to plasma proteins) fractions of omeprazole in plasma in the two groups of rats. After oral administration, the AUC values of omeprazole were also comparable in the two groups of rats. The above data suggest that the dehydration state did not affect considerably the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee DY, Shin HS, Bae SK, Lee MG. Effects of enzyme inducers and inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous omeprazole in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2006; 27:209-18. [PMID: 16586464 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of experiments using various inducers and inhibitors of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes were conducted to find CYP isozymes responsible for the metabolism of omeprazole in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Omeprazole, 20 mg/kg, was administered intravenously. In rats pretreated with SKF 525-A (a nonspecific CYP isozyme inhibitor in rats), the time-averaged nonrenal clearance (Cl(nr)) was significantly slower (77.1% decrease) than that in untreated rats. This indicated that omeprazole is metabolized via CYP isozymes in rats. Hence, rats were pretreated with various enzyme inducers and inhibitors. In rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene and dexamethasone (main inducers of CYP1A1/2 and 3A1/2 in rats, respectively), the Cl(nr) values were significantly faster (43.8% and 26.3% increase, respectively). In rats pretreated with troleandomycin and quinine (main inhibitors of CYP3A1/2 and 2D1 in rats, respectively), the Cl(nr) values were significantly slower (20.9% and 12.9% decrease, respectively). However, the Cl(nr) values were not significantly different in rats pretreated with orphenadrine, isoniazid and sulfaphenazole (main inducers of CYP2B1/2 and 2E1, and a main inhibitor of 2C11, respectively, in rats) compared with those of respective control rats. The above data suggested that omeprazole could be mainly metabolized via CYP1A1/2, 3A1/2 and 2D1 in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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