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Shahbaz K, Alamgeer, Paudyal V, Zubair M, Safdar MZ, Tahir M, Akram L, Ali S. Prevalence and Impact of Psychological Disorders on Pharmacotherapy of Diabetic Patients in Low Resource Settings: A Prospective Assessment in Primary Healthcare Settings. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:1939-1948. [PMID: 39315346 PMCID: PMC11416907 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s463133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of psychological disorders among individuals with diabetes is significantly higher as compared to the general population. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of psychological disorders on pharmacotherapy of diabetes patients. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at two primary care hospitals in Pakistan from April to June 2023. The nine-item Patient Health Care Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale was used to assess depression in the study's population, and its effects on pharmacotherapy of diabetes. Chi-square test was used to evaluate relationship between ordinal variables/categorical variables and depression whereas; Student's t-test was used to assess the relationship between numerical variables with depression. Results A total of 320 patients were assessed, comprising 120 (37.5%) males and 200 (62.5%) females, with a mean age of 52.5 (SD±11.8) years. The average duration of diabetes is 7.0 (SD±5.4). The average PHQ-9 score was 8.3 (SD±5.5). Depression was found to be prevalent in 43.7% of the study population. Gender (female) (p-value 0.002), advanced age (p-value 0.002), lower income (p-value 0.001), education levels (p-value 0.001), longer duration of diabetes (p-value 0.001), poor diabetes control according to BSR value (p-value 0.001), usage of injectable insulin (p-value 0.005), and concomitant diseases (p-value 0.001) were found to be independently linked with depression. Significant association was observed between depression and treatment adherence (p-value 0.0025), number of missed doses (p-value 0.045), and difficulty in diabetes management (p-value 0.0015). Conclusion Our study highlights significant prevalence of depression in study population and the prevalent depression negatively impacts on treatment adherence. It also revealed that depression complicates diabetes management resulting in poor medication adherence, poor diabetes control and diabetes related complications, making diabetes control more challenging and difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shahbaz
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maryam Zubair
- Faculty of Experimental Medicine, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Maryam Zahra Safdar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Momina Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Akram
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Salamat Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Comparison of the incidence of depression before and after endovascular treatment in patients with lower limb peripheral artery disease. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:164-170. [PMID: 35896724 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-022-02149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a chronic illness that affects mood, physical health, and overall vitality and quality of life. Depression has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the incidence of depression before and after endovascular treatment in patients with lower limb PAD. This is an important clinical issue considering the worldwide increase in PAD with the aging population and the known negative impact of depression on recovery. This was a retrospective sub-analysis of data from the Tokyo Peripheral Vascular Intervention Study using the TOMA-CODE registry. The presence and extent of depressive symptoms were evaluated using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a depressive tendency score of ≥ 5. The PHQ-9 score was evaluated before endovascular treatment (EVT) and at 4 (± 1) weeks after EVT. The study population consisted of 87 patients who completed the PHQ-9 before EVT, with 76 completing the post-EVT PHQ-9. Of these 76, 19 had a pre-EVT score ≥ 5. Overall, there was no difference in the pre- and post-EVT scores (P = 0.091). There was no significant change in the 19 patients with a pre-EVT score ≥ 5 (mean 9.2 ± 4.4); however, there was a tendency to improve in the pre- to post-EVT score (mean, 6.9 ± 5.2; P = 0.059). Diabetes was a significant negative factor for pre- to post-EVT score improvement (P = 0.023). Overall, symptoms of depression showed the tendency to improve at 30 days post-EVT. However, diabetes was associated with lower improvement in symptoms.
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Issakhanova A, Issanov A, Ukybassova T, Kaldygulova L, Marat A, Imankulova B, Kamzayeva N, Almawi WY, Aimagambetova G. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Kazakhstani Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020658. [PMID: 36675585 PMCID: PMC9863265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is associated with increased incidence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, and screening for these comorbidities following miscarriages is beneficial for women with RPL who are planning future pregnancies. This study aims to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress among Kazakhstani women with RPL. Methods: This was a case−control study involving 70 women with confirmed RPL and 78 ethnically matched control women. Depression, anxiety, and stress were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 instrument. Linear regression and correlation analysis were used in assessing the association of RPL with symptoms of depression, and/or anxiety, and/or stress, after adjusting for key covariates. Results: Women with RPL were found to have significantly higher mean scores for depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001) symptoms. Mild−moderate stress and mild−moderate and severe−extreme depression and anxiety symptoms were more frequent in the RPL group than in the control group. Regression analysis demonstrated that RPL was the only significant variable associated with anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that women with RPL are more likely to experience heightened symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Proper psychological counseling is recommended for women with RPL, as well as their spouses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alpamys Issanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Talshyn Ukybassova
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, Corporate Fund “University Medical Center”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazzat Kaldygulova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2, West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizada Marat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Balkenzhe Imankulova
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, Corporate Fund “University Medical Center”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazira Kamzayeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, Corporate Fund “University Medical Center”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Wassim Y. Almawi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Faculte’ des Sciences de Tunis, Universite’ de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
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Distinct depressive symptom trajectories are associated with incident diabetes among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 164:111082. [PMID: 36379076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported that depression and depressive symptom are associated with diabetes incident. However, the association between long-term depressive symptom patterns and risk of diabetes remains unknown. The aim of present study was to evaluate the association between depressive symptom trajectories and risk of diabetes. METHODS We used data of 8806 participants (≥45 years old) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Trajectories of depressive symptom were identified by latent mixture modeling. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association of depressive symptom trajectories with diabetes. RESULTS Five depressive symptom trajectories were identified, characterizing by maintaining a low CES-D scores throughout the follow-up (low-stable; 3227 participants [36.65%]); maintaining a moderate CES-D scores throughout the follow-up (moderate-stable; 3402 participants [38.63%]); moderate starting CES-D scores then increasing scores (moderate-increasing; 681 participants [7.73%%]); high starting CES-D scores but then decreasing scores (high-decreasing; 1061 participants [12.05%]); and maintained high CES-D scores throughout the follow-up (high-stable; 435 participants [4.94%]). During 2015 to 2018 (Wave 3 to Wave 4), a total of 312 respondents experienced diabetes. Compared with participants in the low-stable depressive symptom trajectory, those following a high-decreasing (ORs = 2.04; 95%CIs 1.48-2.98) and high-stable depressive symptom trajectories (ORs = 3.26; 95%CIs 2.06-5.16) were at substantially higher risk of developing diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with high-decreasing and high-stable depressive symptom trajectories over time were associated with increased risk of incident diabetes. Long-term depressive symptom may be a strong predictor of having diabetes.
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Aljohani AA, Al-Namlah SS, Fallatah AN, Al-Sharif SSS, Khayat FM, Almaghrabi RY. The Prevalence of Psychological Disorders among Diabetic Patients in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/jxdyxjdhwe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abuhegazy H, Mujairi A, Banah F, Agdi Y, Elkeshishi H, Kamel A, Abdullah A, Elsheikh M. Depression and Associated Risk Factors Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross Sectional Study on a Convenience Sample from the Diabetic Center, Khamis Mushait; Saudi Arabia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1975-1984. [PMID: 36072678 PMCID: PMC9442912 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s374752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies had confirmed that diabetic patients have a greater risk for developing depression. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence and predictors of depression among type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study at the Diabetic Center, Armed Forces Hospital-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushait was conducted in the period from March to June 2017. The study includes a convenience sample of type 2 diabetic patients. Self-administered questionnaires were utilized. It consists of personal characteristics, diabetes-related information's, and the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Proper statistical analyses were done to assess the significance of the correlates with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS The study included 350 diabetic patients out of 410 with a response rate of 85.4%. Their age ranged between 28 and 100 years with a mean ±SD of 61.4±13 years. The prevalence of depression among them was 36.6%. Logistic regression revealed that patients older than 50 years were at lower risk for developing depression as compared to those aged between 28 and 40 years OR and 95% CI were 0.21 (0.08-0.57), 0.30 (0.12-0.78) and 0.33 (0.12-0.91) for patients in the age groups 51-60, 61-70 and > 70 years, respectively. Diabetic patients with thyroid dysfunction, neuropathy, those treated with insulin, and noncompliant patients were at double risk for developing depression compared to their counterparts (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.20-4.27, p = 0.012); (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.22-4.53, p = 0.011); (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.08-3.40, p = 0.026); (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.01-4.53, p = 0.047) respectively. CONCLUSION Almost one third of type 2 diabetic patients were depressed. Younger patients, having comorbid thyroid disorders or neuropathy, those treated with insulin and noncompliant patients were at higher risk for developing depression. Proper screening and treatment of depression is a crucial part of the health care management of diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Abuhegazy
- Department of Psychiatry, faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahoud Mujairi
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Banah
- Department of Family Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Agdi
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Elkeshishi
- Department of Psychology, faculty of Arts, El-menia University, Elmenia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamel
- Department of Psychiatry, faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdullah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsheikh
- Department of Psychiatry, faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Effect of Stress Management Coaching Intervention on Adult Learners with Type 2 Diabetes: A Rational-Emotive Cognitive Behavioural Coaching Approach. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-021-00435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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To PYL, Lo BCY, Ng TK, Wong BPH, Choi AWM. Striving to Avoid Inferiority and Procrastination among University Students: The Mediating Roles of Stress and Self-Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5570. [PMID: 34071056 PMCID: PMC8197152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study intended to examine whether the relationship between university students' striving to avoid inferiority (SAI) and procrastination was serially mediated by stress and self-control. The sample consisted of 154 Hong Kong university students. Their levels of striving to avoid inferiority, stress, self-control, and procrastination were measured by the Striving to Avoid Inferiority Scale (SAIS), the stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ), and the General Procrastination Scale (GPS), respectively. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that SAI positively predicted stress, stress negatively predicted self-control, and self-control negatively predicted procrastination. SAI did not directly predict procrastination. The results of bootstrapping analyses supported the hypotheses that the effect of stress on procrastination was mediated by self-control, the effect of SAI on self-control was mediated by stress, and more importantly, the effect of SAI on procrastination was serially mediated by stress and self-control. Further research is suggested to investigate the thoughts and feelings pertinent to procrastination and the actual duration of procrastination among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter-Yee-Lap To
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Barbara-Chuen-Yee Lo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China;
- Wofoo Joseph Lee Consulting and Counselling Psychology Research Centre, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Ting-Kin Ng
- Wofoo Joseph Lee Consulting and Counselling Psychology Research Centre, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Bernard-Pak-Ho Wong
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Anna-Wai-Man Choi
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
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Fisekovic Kremic MB. Factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among patients with diabetes mellitus in primary health care: Many questions, few answers. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2020; 15:54-61. [PMID: 33329863 PMCID: PMC7735874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with diabetes mellitus (DM) may have concurrent mental health disorders and have been shown to have poorer disease outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of DASS in patients with diabetes mellitus without mental disorders, aged 20 years or more, in primary health care, and to determine any association between DASS and patients' sociodemographic and clinical attributes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a primary health care center, in the department of general practice. Patients with DM who visited the doctor and agreed to fill in the questionnaire were included in the study. Data were collected using the questionnaire DASS-21. Descriptive statistics, the Pearson chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Out of a total of 102 respondents with DM, 29 (28.4%) had some form of psychological symptoms. The prevalence of DASS was 16.7%, 16.6%, and 23.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between sociodemographic variables according to stress status. Respondents aged 40-49 years more often showed emotional states of depression and anxiety. There was a significant association between emotional status of DASS and HbA1c values. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (OR=2.57, 95% CI: 1.59-4.13) was a predictor of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Unpleasant emotional states DASS are common in patients with DM, depression (16.7%), anxiety (16.6%), and stress (23.5%). Age is the strongest predictor of DASS status. The screening and monitoring of unpleasant emotional states in people with diabetes should be performed from a young age.
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Alzahrani O. Depressive disorders in the Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a literature review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520961917. [PMID: 33086878 PMCID: PMC7585904 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520961917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the contributions from the six Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to the national scientific literature on depressive disorders. METHODS This literature review identified all of the published studies on all major depressive disorders as cited on the PubMed® and APA PsycInfo® databases from inception to 31 December 2016 from the six GGC countries. Data were extracted using a standardized form. The study compared the volume of research production between the countries by calculating an index that allowed for the country population size. RESULTS A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Saudi Arabia headed the list of publications (10 articles) followed by the United Arab Emirates (n = 6), Kuwait (n = 5), Qatar (n = 3); and Bahrain and Oman produced two articles each. Only six out of the 28 (21.4%) studies included a random sample or adopted good sampling strategies. The majority of studies (24 of 28; 85.7%) were cross-sectional in design. Only one study clearly stated the use of the DSM-4 criteria for diagnosis. CONCLUSION The scientific literature published by the GCC countries on depressive disorders is scant and lacking scientific depth. These findings should be considered as a wake-up call for public health researchers, mental health workers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owiss Alzahrani
- Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khaledi M, Haghighatdoost F, Feizi A, Aminorroaya A. The prevalence of comorbid depression in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on huge number of observational studies. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:631-650. [PMID: 30903433 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Depression is a common co-morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Untreated depression in these patients adversely affects self-care activities and other diabetes complications. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depression among patients with T2DM by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched for all observational studies that assessed depression in T2DM. Relevant articles were searched using the combination of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms of "depression", "depressive disorder", and "diabetes mellitus" published between January 2007 and July 2018. Random effects model was used to estimate the weighted prevalence rates and 95% CI using "metaprop program in STATA 11". RESULTS In total, the 248 included studies (with 273 reported prevalence) identified 83,020,812 participants; of them, 23,245,827 (28%; 95% CI 27, 29) suffered from different severity levels of depressive disorders. The prevalence of depression was separately reported in 137,372 males and 134,332 females. Of them, 31,396 males (23%, 95% CI: 20, 26) and 45,673 females (34%, 95% CI: 31, 38) were depressed. Compared with global estimate, depression prevalence was lower in Europe (24%) and Africa (27%), but higher in Australia (29%) and Asia (32%). The prevalence in America was equal to the estimated prevalence in the world (28%). Depression was more common in subjects younger than 65 compared with elderlies (31% vs. 21%). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that almost one in four adults with T2DM experienced depression. Given the high prevalence of depressive disorders in diabetic patients, screening these patients for co-morbid depression and its relevant risk factors is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khaledi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aminorroaya
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Abstract
Although some studies have been conducted on the association between diabetes and anxiety symptoms, the data on this association remain controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the association between diabetes and anxiety symptoms. The authors systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until July 2018. After the screening process, 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Stata-14 was used for meta-analyzing. Forest plot was calculated for the whole 23 studies and subgroups, and publication bias was also examined. Overall, diabetes was positively associated with anxiety; pooled odds ratio was equal to1.48; 95% confidence interval was 1 .27-1.74. In cross-sectional study, the result was odds ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval = 1.26-1.77, and in prospective-cohort study, the result was odds ratio = 1.34; 95% confidence interval = 1.21-1.49. There was small evidence of publication bias. Overall, our findings indicate that diabetes is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms. Therefore, having a healthy medical condition can be an anxiety prevention agent.
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Sayın S, Sayın S, Bursalı B, Bilen İpek H. Tip 2 diyabet hastalarında anksiyete ve depresyon riski ve ilişkili faktörler. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.463589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dogan B, Oner C, Akalin AA, Ilhan B, Caklili OT, Oguz A. Psychiatric symptom rate of patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A case control study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1059-1063. [PMID: 31336444 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study is comparing the psychiatric symptom in Type1 DM, Type 2 DM and controls. METHODS The study was designed as case control study and conducted between September 2011 and April 2012 to the Diabetes Clinic. Age, gender and education level matched 70 type 1 diabetics, 68 type 2 diabetics and 70 controls included to the study. SCL-90-R [Symptom Check List-90 (Revised)] test is used for determining the psychiatric symptom rates. RESULTS It was found that the rate of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anger-hostility and additional scales were significantly different in type 1, type 2 diabetics and controls ((p = 0.023, p = 0.008, p = 0.018 and p = 0.039, respectively). Compared to control group, being a patient with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes found as a risk factor for somatization, depression, anger-hostility and additional scales. Moreover being a patient with type 1 DM was found as a risk factor for having OBS symptoms (p = 0.039) and type 1 DM was protective against having interpersonal sensitivity symptoms (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION In diabetic patient groups, an increase in the rate of psychiatric symptoms was observed. Therefore a careful psychiatric examination is required in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Dogan
- Sakarya Education and Training Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Oner
- Kartal Dr Lutfi Kırdar Education and Training Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Arzu Akalin
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ilhan
- Eskipazar District of Karabük State Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Ozge Telci Caklili
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Training Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Oguz
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Training Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhuang QS, Shen L, Ji HF. Quantitative assessment of the bidirectional relationships between diabetes and depression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23389-23400. [PMID: 28177893 PMCID: PMC5410312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and depression impose an enormous public health burden and the present study aimed to assess quantitatively the bidirectional relationships between the two disorders. We searched databases for eligible articles published until October 2016. A total of 51 studies were finally included in the present bidirectional meta-analysis, among which, 32 studies were about the direction of depression leading to diabetes, and 24 studies about the direction of diabetes leading to depression. Pooled results of the 32 eligible studies covering 1274337 subjects showed that depression patients were at higher risk for diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = [1.23, 1.46]) than non-depressive subjects. Further gender-subgroup analysis found that the strength of this relationship was stronger in men (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = [1.48, 1.78]) than in women (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = [1.07, 1.51]). For the direction of diabetes leading to depression, pooled data of 24 articles containing 329658 subjects showed that patients with diabetes were at higher risk for diabetes (OR = 1.28, 95%CI = [1.15, 1.42]) than non-diabetic subjects. The available data supports that the relationships between diabetes and depression are bidirectional and the overall strengths are similar in both directions. More mechanistic studies are encouraged to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationships between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shuai Zhuang
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, P. R. China
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Nawaz MS, Shah KU, Rashid HU, Mahmood S, Bukhsh A, Rehman IU, Ali S, Khan TM. Factors associated with anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Pakistan. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-017-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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17
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Adakan FY, Vural R, Boylubay ŞM, Yılmaz Ü, Kulaksızoğlu B, Yeşil B, Şahintürk Y, Ünal A. The Relation of Socio-Demographic and Clinical Factors to Depression and Anxiety Levels in Diabetic Patients. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2017. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.289610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Self-Efficacy, Depression, and Self-Care Activities in Adult Jordanians with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Illness Perception. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:744-755. [PMID: 27484761 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1208692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is reaching epidemic levels worldwide. In a developing country like Jordan, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached a prevalence rate of 17.1%. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between self-care activities and: illness perception, depression, social support, religiosity and spiritual coping, and self-efficacy among patients with T2DM. A random sample of 220 patients with T2DM, who attended Jordan University Hospital in Jordan were enrolled. The data were collected through a structured interview and the medical files. The instruments consisted of a sociodemographic and clinical standardised questionnaires: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Patients' Health Questionnaire-9; ENRICH Social Support Instrument; Religious and Spiritual Coping Subscale; Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale; and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Bivariate analysis investigated the relationship between variables. Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed to test the proposed conceptual model. The study found that approximately 70% of the respondents suffered some form of depressive symptoms. The SEM showed a direct relationship between self-efficacy and self-care activities (β = 0.40; p < 0.001). Depression was indirectly related to self-care activities through self-efficacy (β = -0.20; p = 0.003); nevertheless, it was directly related to perception of: treatment control, consequences, and emotional representations. Overall, the sequence between illness perception and self-efficacy was mediated by depression. Strategies to promote self-efficacy and illness perception are vital in customising a diabetes health plan to meet Arabic cultural expectations.
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Hasan SS, Thiruchelvam K, Ahmed SI, Clavarino AM, Mamun AA, Kairuz T. Psychological health and menopause-specific quality of life of Malaysian women with type 2 diabetes. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 23:56-63. [PMID: 27969080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are more common among females and those experiencing diabetes and menopause. Menopausal symptoms experienced by women can vary tremendously from population to population; therefore, there is a need to investigate these symptoms and associated risk factors in different communities. This study investigated the differences in psychological health and menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) between women with and without diabetes type 2 (T2DM) in Malaysia. Women with T2DM (n=320) were matched by age range to controls without T2DM (n=320). Data were collected from March 2012 to January 2013. Delusions Symptoms States Inventory (DSSI) instrument was used to identify symptoms of depression and anxiety. Women with diabetes had higher depressive (11.8% versus 8.4%) and anxiety (8.4% versus 6.6%) symptoms compared to women without diabetes. In both groups, the most common menopausal symptom was aches (muscles and joints). Women without diabetes had significantly higher scores for the sexual domain compared to women with diabetes (4.20 versus 3.21, p=0.001). The odds that a postmenopausal woman with diabetes was depressed or anxious on the DSSI scale increased significantly when the MENQOL score on the physical, vasomotor, and psychosocial domains increased by one unit. Both diabetes and psychological problems have negative impact on MENQOL. Our findings support the view of screening postmenopausal women with diabetes for depressive and anxiety, to improve overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shahzad Hasan
- The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, 4102 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kaeshaelya Thiruchelvam
- International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Imran Ahmed
- International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Alexandra M Clavarino
- The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, 4102 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Therese Kairuz
- James Cook University, Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia.
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Sancho-Mestre C, Vivas-Consuelo D, Alvis-Estrada L, Romero M, Usó-Talamantes R, Caballer-Tarazona V. Pharmaceutical cost and multimorbidity with type 2 diabetes mellitus using electronic health record data. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:394. [PMID: 27534391 PMCID: PMC4989292 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study is to estimate the frequency of multimorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients classified by health statuses in a European region and to determine the impact on pharmaceutical expenditure. METHODS Cross-sectional study of the inhabitants of a southeastern European region with a population of 5,150,054, using data extracted from Electronic Health Records for 2012. 491,854 diabetic individuals were identified and selected through clinical codes, Clinical Risk Groups and diabetes treatment and/or blood glucose reagent strips. Patients with type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes were excluded. All measurements were obtained at individual level. The prevalence of common chronic diseases and co-occurrence of diseases was established using factorial analysis. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of diabetes was 9.6 %, with nearly 70 % of diabetic patients suffering from more than two comorbidities. The most frequent of these was hypertension, which for the groups of patients in Clinical Risk Groups (CRG) 6 and 7 was 84.3 % and 97.1 % respectively. Regarding age, elderly patients have more probability of suffering complications than younger people. Moreover, women suffer complications more frequently than men, except for retinopathy, which is more common in males. The highest use of insulins, oral antidiabetics (OAD) and combinations was found in diabetic patients who also suffered cardiovascular disease and neoplasms. The average cost for insulin was 153€ and that of OADs 306€. Regarding total pharmaceutical cost, the greatest consumers were patients with comorbidities of respiratory illness and neoplasms, with respective average costs of 2,034.2€ and 1,886.9€. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is characterized by the co-occurrence of other diseases, which has implications for disease management and leads to a considerable increase in consumption of medicines for this pathology and, as such, pharmaceutical expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sancho-Mestre
- Research Centre for Health Economics and Management, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 7J, Cno de Vera s/n., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Vivas-Consuelo
- Research Centre for Health Economics and Management, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 7J, Cno de Vera s/n., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Alvis-Estrada
- Universidad de Cartagena, Av. del Consulado # Calle 30 No. 48 – 152, Cartagena, Bolívar Colombia
| | - Martin Romero
- Fundación Salutia, Carrera 71B # 116A-12, PBX: [571] Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Ruth Usó-Talamantes
- Valencian Health Department (Conselleria de Sanitat), General Directorate of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Products, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Caballer-Tarazona
- Research Centre for Health Economics and Management, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 7J, Cno de Vera s/n., 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Sun N, Lou P, Shang Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Chang G, Shi C. Prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012540. [PMID: 27531739 PMCID: PMC5013513 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression and to assess their impact on glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Community-based investigation in Xuzhou, China. PARTICIPANTS 893 Chinese men and women aged 18-84 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. METHODS People with type 2 diabetes completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales. Demographic and physiological characteristics were recorded. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the combined effect of factors associated with anxiety and depression and to assess the effects of anxiety and depression on glycaemic control. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was 56.1% and 43.6%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that anxiety symptoms were associated with being woman, low income, chronic disease, depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality. Depressive symptoms were associated with being woman, older age, low education level, being single, diabetes complications, anxiety symptoms and poor sleep quality. Glycaemic control was not related to anxiety symptoms (OR=1.31, 95% CIs 0.94 to 1.67) or depressive symptoms (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.63). A combination of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was associated with poor glycaemic control (relative excess risk due to interaction: 4.93, 95% CI 2.09 to 7.87; attributable proportion due to interaction: 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.45). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in this Chinese sample of participants, although depression and anxiety were not singly associated with glycaemic control. However, a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was negatively correlated with glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianquan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peian Lou
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guiqiu Chang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Kraja F, Kraja B, Mone I, Harizi I, Babameto A, Burazeri G. Self-reported Prevalence and Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases in the Albanian Adult Population. Med Arch 2016; 70:208-212. [PMID: 27594748 PMCID: PMC5010054 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.208-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM There is growing evidence that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major health problem in developing and transitional countries. The prevalence of NCDs and associated factors are under-researched in Albania. We aimed to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates of NCDs in the Albanian adult population. METHODS The study was carried out in the framework of Albania Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS), a national population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 including 12,554 men and women aged ≥35 years. All participants reported on the presence of at least one chronic condition, which in the analysis was dichotomized into "yes" vs. "no". Information on socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, employment status, residence) and lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption) was also collected. Logistic regression was used to assess socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of NCDs. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of chronic diseases in this population-based sample of Albanian adults was 2864/12554=22.8%. Upon multivariable adjustment for all covariates, positive correlates of chronic conditions were older age (OR=6.0, 95%CI=5.3-6.8), female gender (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1-1.4), residence in coastal areas of Albania (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.7-2.5), unemployment (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.6-2.0), low education (OR=1.6, OR=1.3-1.9) and current smoking (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1-1.5). Conversely, there was an inverse association with poverty (OR=0.8, 95%CI=0.7-1.0). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence on self-reported NCDs and its determinants in transitional Albania. These baseline data may be useful for assessment of future NCD trends in Albania and cross-comparisons with the neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatjona Kraja
- University Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Center Mother Teresa, Tirana Albania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | - Bledar Kraja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
- University Clinic of Gastrohepatology, University Hospital Center Mother Teresa, Tirana, Albania
| | - Iris Mone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ilda Harizi
- Diagnostic and Medical Center “Harrison”, Tirana, Albania
| | - Adriana Babameto
- University Clinic of Gastrohepatology, University Hospital Center Mother Teresa, Tirana, Albania
| | - Genc Burazeri
- Department of International Health, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Effects of Buddhist walking meditation on glycemic control and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Complement Ther Med 2016; 26:92-7. [PMID: 27261988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare the effects of Buddhist walking meditation and traditional walking on glycemic control and vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Twenty three patients with type 2 diabetes (50-75 years) were randomly allocated into traditional walking exercise (WE; n=11) or Buddhism-based walking meditation exercise (WM; n=12). Both groups performed a 12-week exercise program that consisted of walking on the treadmill at exercise intensity of 50-70% maximum heart rate for 30min/session, 3 times/week. In the WM training program, the participants performed walking on the treadmill while concentrated on foot stepping by voiced "Budd" and "Dha" with each foot step that contacted the floor to practice mindfulness while walking. RESULTS After 12 weeks, maximal oxygen consumption increased and fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Significant decrease in HbA1c and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed only in the WM group. Flow-mediated dilatation increased significantly (p<0.05) in both exercise groups but arterial stiffness was improved only in the WM group. Blood cortisol level was reduced (p<0.05) only in the WM group. CONCLUSION Buddhist walking meditation exercise produced a multitude of favorable effects, often superior to traditional walking program, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Gentil L, Vasiliadis HM, Préville M, Berbiche D. Adherence to Oral Antihyperglycemic Agents Among Older Adults With Mental Disorders and Its Effect on Health Care Costs, Quebec, Canada, 2005-2008. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E230. [PMID: 26719900 PMCID: PMC4699743 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nonadherence to oral antihyperglycemic agents (OHAs) leads to an increase in use of health care resources and overall expenditures due to type 2 diabetes and its complications. People with type 2 diabetes are almost twice as likely to have anxiety and depression as the general population. Our aim was to examine health care costs associated with adherence to OHAs and the effect of depression and anxiety disorders on these in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods We used data from a representative sample (N = 2,811) of community-dwelling adults in Quebec aged 65 years or older who participated in the Étude sur la Santé des Aînés survey. The final sample consisted of 301 participants who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and who were taking OHAs. Total health care costs were calculated as the sum of the costs of hospitalizations and outpatient clinic services. Adherence to OHAs was measured using the medication possession ratio. Depression and anxiety disorders were assessed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. We also analyzed data by the Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, sex, education, and marital status, using generalized linear models. Results Nonadherence among people without depression or anxiety was associated with higher total health care costs ($4,477; 95% confidence interval [CI], $3,754–$5,201; P < .001), as was nonadherence among people with depression or anxiety ($11,124; 95% CI, $9,685–$12,562; P < .001). Conclusion Improving adherence to OHAs among people with type 2 diabetes, particularly those with underlying mental disorders such as depression or anxiety, can decrease health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Gentil
- 150 Place Charles-LeMoyne, Suite 200, PO Box 11, Longueuil, Quebec J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, and Charles LeMoyne Hospital Research Center, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Préville
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, and Charles LeMoyne Hospital Research Center, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Djamal Berbiche
- Charles LeMoyne Hospital Research Center, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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Trait anger but not anxiety predicts incident type 2 diabetes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 60:105-13. [PMID: 26142567 PMCID: PMC4526333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have shown a bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the prospective associations of anger and anxiety with T2DM have not been established. We hypothesized that trait anger and anxiety would predict incident T2DM, independently of depressive symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we prospectively examined the association of trait anger and trait anxiety (assessed via the Spielberger Trait Anger and Anxiety Scales, respectively) with incident T2DM over 11.4 years in 5598 White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese participants (53.2% women, mean age 61.6 years) at baseline without prevalent T2DM or cardiovascular disease. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) of incident T2DM by previously defined anger category (low, moderate, high), and anxiety quartile, as there were no previously defined categories. RESULTS High total trait anger was associated with incident T2DM (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.08-2.07) relative to low total trait anger. The association was attenuated following adjustment for waist circumference (HR 1.32; 95% CI 0.94-1.86). Higher anger reaction was also associated with incident T2DM (HR=1.07; 95% CI 1.03-1.11) that remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders/explanatory factors. In contrast, trait anxiety did not predict incident T2DM. CONCLUSIONS High total trait anger and anger reaction are potential modifiable risk factors for T2DM. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the anger-diabetes relationship and to develop preventive interventions.
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Depression and Risk for Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Can J Diabetes 2015; 39:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life among adults with diabetes mellitus. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xme.0000466279.54453.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Al-Amer R, Ramjan L, Glew P, Salamonson Y. Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: The Experience of Jordanian Patients with Co-existing Depression. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2015; 36:231-8. [PMID: 25897571 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2014.960627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In Jordan, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a significant health problem, and a high concomitant rate of depression among this population complicates the situation. This qualitative study explored and described the emotional reactions of Jordanian patients with co-existing depression, on diagnosis of T2DM. Data were collected using semi-structured qualitative interviews from 15 patients with T2DM and depression in 2013. Interviews were audiotaped, translated and then analysed using thematic analysis. A major theme-'Initial reactions to the diagnosis'-emerged with four accompanying sub-themes (Devastation, Mixed Emotions, Denial and Acceptance). Although the majority of participants expressed negative emotional reactions on first diagnosis, a strong religious conviction allowed for acceptance of the diagnosis. Overall, the study findings support that in Arabic countries, spirituality and faith played a key role in promoting acceptance of concomitant comorbidities, and will often be useful in enhancing positive coping strategies among patients with T2DM and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmieh Al-Amer
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney , Penrith, NSW , Australia
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Doğan R, Arslantas D, Ünsal A. Assessment of depression and death anxiety level in diabetic patients in Eskisehir, Turkey. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Bensbaa S, Agerd L, Boujraf S, Araab C, Aalouane R, Rammouz I, Ajdi F. Clinical assessment of depression and type 2 diabetes in Morocco: Economical and social components. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2014; 5:250-3. [PMID: 25002763 PMCID: PMC4078608 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.133576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. In Morocco, diabetes and depression are major public health problems, requiring improvement in their care. Diabetes and depression are associated with morbidity and early mortality. This association contributes to raising the risk of the complications that occur, while causing higher suffering to patients, as also an increased cost toward healthcare. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and identify the main risk factors for depression in this category of diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients and older than 18 years of age were recruited. The exclusion criteria included being type 1 diabetic, pregnant woman, hospitalized patients, a history of neurological disorders, such as, stroke, infectious episidodes, and history of psychiatric disorders. The individual patient data was collected through individual and confidential interviews lasting 30 minutes, at the end of the diabetology consultation, by the same diabetologist, trained to use the psychometric scales that were needed. The Moroccan–Arabic version of the Beck diagnostic scale of depression was used. Patients assessed with depressive disorders were reviewed in a specialized psychiatric consultation. The statistical analysis was achieved by using SPSS package (version 17). We retained a threshold P value of 0.05. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted that included adults with type 2 diabetes. The depression diagnosis was performed using the Arabic version of the Beck Depression scale. Statistical Analysis: We included 142 patients with type 2 diabetes, with an average age of 56.26 years. The prevalence of depression was 33.1%. The risk factors recognized for depression were, lack of social security, hypertension, and a history of type 2 diabetes of more than five years. Results and Conclusions: In this study, we have focused on the frequent association of ‘Type 2 diabetes and depression’ and the risk of mutual aggravation of both pathologies that might require multidisciplinary healthcare, as well as, improvement in the risk factors of depression through improved access to healthcare, with the extension of social security. The stability of the healthcare personnel involved in the treatment of both chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension screening, should also be considered for better management of psychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Bensbaa
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Fez, Morocco
| | - Loubna Agerd
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Fez, Morocco
| | - Saïd Boujraf
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Fez, Fez, Morocco ; Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, University of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Chadya Araab
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Fez, Fez, Morocco ; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Aalouane
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Fez, Fez, Morocco ; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ismail Rammouz
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Fez, Fez, Morocco ; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Farida Ajdi
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Fez, Morocco
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Ganasegeran K, Renganathan P, Manaf RA, Al-Dubai SAR. Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004794. [PMID: 24760351 PMCID: PMC4010817 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional single-centre study with universal sampling of all patients with type 2 diabetes. SETTING Endocrinology clinic of medical outpatient department in a Malaysian public hospital. PARTICIPANTS All 169 patients with type 2 diabetes (men, n=99; women, n=70) aged between 18 and 90 years who acquired follow-up treatment from the endocrinology clinic in the month of September 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sociodemographic characteristics and clinical health information from patient records. RESULTS Of the total 169 patients surveyed, anxiety and depression were found in 53 (31.4%) and 68 (40.3%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, age, ethnicity and ischaemic heart disease were significantly associated with anxiety, while age, ethnicity and monthly household income were significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographics and clinical health factors were important correlates of anxiety and depression among patients with diabetes. Integrated psychological and medical care to boost self-determination and confidence in the management of diabetes would catalyse optimal health outcomes among patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurubaran Ganasegeran
- International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pukunan Renganathan
- Clinical Research Center, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital (HTAR), Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rizal Abdul Manaf
- Community Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tucker CM, Lopez MT, Campbell K, Marsiske M, Daly K, Nghiem K, Rahim-Williams B, Jones J, Hariton E, Patel A. The effects of a culturally sensitive, empowerment-focused, community-based health promotion program on health outcomes of adults with type 2 diabetes. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2014; 25:292-307. [PMID: 24509027 PMCID: PMC3920466 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of a culturally sensitive, health empowerment-focused, community-based health promotion program tailored to adult patients with type 2 diabetes on these patients' body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and self-reported blood glucose levels, treatment adherence, and stress levels. Study participants (N = 130) consisted mostly of African Americans (70%) and Hispanic/Latinos (22.3%) who were divided almost evenly between an intervention group and wait-list control group. The tested health promotion program is informed by Health Self-Empowerment Theory. At post-test, program participants in the intervention group as compared to those in the control group demonstrated significantly lower levels of BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and physical stress. Implications of these study findings for future similar programs and research are discussed.
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Pujol R, Puig L, Daudén E, Sánchez-Carazo J, Toribio J, Vanaclocha F, Yébenes M, Sabater E, Casado M, Caloto M, Aragón B. Mental Health Self-Assessment in Patients With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: An Observational, Multicenter Study of 1164 Patients in Spain (The VACAP Study). ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:897-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Pujol R, Puig L, Daudén E, Sánchez-Carazo J, Toribio J, Vanaclocha F, Yébenes M, Sabater E, Casado M, Caloto M, Aragón B. Mental Health Self-Assessment in Patients With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis: An Observational, Multicenter Study of 1164 Patients in Spain (The VACAP Study). ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Boutayeb A, Boutayeb S, Boutayeb W. Multi-morbidity of non communicable diseases and equity in WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. Int J Equity Health 2013; 12:60. [PMID: 23961989 PMCID: PMC3848740 DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non communicable diseases are the biggest cause of death worldwide. Beside mortality, these diseases also cause high rates of morbidity and disability. Their high prevalence is generally associated to multi-morbidity. Because they need costly prolonged treatment and care, non communicable diseases have social and economical consequences that affect individuals, households and the whole society. They raise the equity problem between and within countries. Methods and limitations This annotated bibliography is a systematic review on multimorbidy of non communicable diseases and health equity in WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and other sources were used to get peer reviewed papers dealing with the review theme. The words/strings used for search and inclusion criteria were: multimorbidity, comorbidity, equity, non communicable diseases, chronic diseases, WHO Eastern Mediterranean and Arab countries. Bibliography with annotations According to the inclusion criteria, 26 papers were included in the present review. Generally, lack or paucity of publications was encountered in themes like headache, cancer and respiratory diseases. Of the 26 contributions selected, twelve dealt with comorbidity of depression and mental disorders with other chronic diseases. Another set of 11 publications was devoted to multimorbidity of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Considering association of multimorbidity and social determinants, this review shows that female gender, low income, low level of education, old age and unemployed/retired are the most exposed to multimorbidity. It should also be stressed that, geographically, no contribution was issued from North African countries. Non communicable diseases are one of the biggest challenges facing health decision makers in WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries where the multidimensional transition is boosting increases in multimorbidity of depression and mental diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and respiratory diseases among the whole population but with the highest burden among the least disadvantaged individuals or subpopulations. Health ministries in WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries should pay a particular attention to the association between equity and multimorbidity and opt for cost effective strategies based on early diagnosis and sensitisation for healthy diet, physical activity, no smoking and no alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdesslam Boutayeb
- Department of Mathematics, LaMSD and URAC04, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ier, Oujda, Morocco.
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Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among diabetics in Malaysia: a cross sectional study in an urban primary care setting. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2013; 14:69. [PMID: 23710584 PMCID: PMC3669622 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent condition in Malaysia, increasing from 11.6% in 2006 to 15.2% in 2011 among individuals 18 years and above. Co-morbid depression in diabetics is associated with hyperglycemia, diabetic complications and increased health care costs. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Type II diabetics attending government primary care facilities in the urban area of Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods The study was cross sectional in design and carried out in 12 randomly selected primary care government clinics in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 2508 eligible consenting respondents participated in the study. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) 21 questionnaire was used to measure depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 16 software using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among Type II diabetics were 11.5%, 30.5% and 12.5% respectively. Using multiple logistic regression, females, Asian Indians, marital status (never married, divorced/widowed/separated), a family history of psychiatric illness, less than 2 years duration of diabetes and current alcohol consumption were found to be significant predictors of depression. For anxiety, unemployment, housewives, HbA1c level of more than 8.5%, a family history of psychiatric illness, life events and lack of physical activity were independent risk factors. Stress was significantly associated with females, HbA1c level of more than 8.5%, presence of co-morbidity, a family history of psychiatric illness, life events and current alcohol consumption. For depression (adjusted OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1; 7.0), anxiety (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1;5.5) and stress (adjusted OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8; 9.8), a family history of psychiatric illness was the strongest predictor. Conclusion We found the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms to be high among Type II diabetics, with almost a third being classified as anxious. Screening of high risk Type II diabetics for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in the primary care setting is recommended at regular intervals.
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Libório AB, Santos JPL, Minete NFA, Diógenes CDA, Soares AP, Queiroz AL, Barreto DMS. Proteinuria is associated with quality of life and depression in adults with primary glomerulopathy and preserved renal function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37763. [PMID: 22662214 PMCID: PMC3360627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no information about HRQoL, depression and associated factors in adult with nephrotic syndrome-associated glomerulopathy. Methodology/Principal Findings Patients with primary glomerulopathy where compared with age and sex-matched hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects. Laboratory data, medical history, comorbid conditions were collected to evaluate factors associated with HRQoL (SF-36) and Depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAMD). Glomerulopathy patients had low HRQoL in all eight SF-36 domains and two composite scores (physical and mental) in comparison with healthy subjects. HAMD score also was elevated and there was high depression prevalence. Overall, these data were comparable between glomerulopathy and hemodialysis patients. Using multiple regression analysis, factors associated with low HRQoL physical composite score were: last 24 h-urine protein excretion (−0.183, 95%CI −0.223 to −0.710 for each gram of proteinuria, p = 0.01) and cyclosporine use (−15.315, 95%CI −25.913 to −2.717, p = 0.03). Low HRQoL mental composite score was associated with last 24 h-urine protein excretion (−0.157, 95%CI −0.278 to −0.310 for each gram of proteinuria, p = 0.03) and HMAD score was independently associated with age (0.155, 95%CI 0.318 to 0.988 for each year, p = 0.04), female sex (4.788, 95%CI 1.005 to 8.620, 0 = 0.03), disease duration (0.074, 95%CI 0.021 to 0.128 for each month, p = 0.01) and last 24 h-urine protein excretion (0.050, 95%CI 0.018 to 0.085 for each gram of proteinuria, p = 0.02). Conclusions/Significance Nephrotic-syndrome associated glomerulopathy patients have low HRQoL and high prevalence of depression symptoms, comparable with those of hemodialysis patients. Last 24 h-protein excretion rate is independently associated with physical and mental HRQoL domains in addition to depression.
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Tovilla-Zárate C, Juárez-Rojop I, Peralta Jimenez Y, Jiménez MA, Vázquez S, Bermúdez-Ocaña D, Ramón-Frías T, Genis Mendoza AD, García SP, Narváez LL. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36887. [PMID: 22629339 PMCID: PMC3356343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression and anxiety are common in diabetic patients; however, in recent years the frequency of these symptoms has markedly increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the frequency and factors associated with depression and anxiety, since they can be responsible for premature morbidity, mortality, risk of developing comorbidities, complications, suffering of patients, as well as escalation of costs. We studied the frequency of depression and anxiety in Mexican outpatients with type 2 diabetes and identified the risk factors for depression and anxiety. Methods and Findings We performed a study in 820 patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. We calculated the proportions for depression and anxiety and, after adjusting for confounding variables, we performed multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regressions to evaluate the combined effect of the various factors associated with anxiety and depression among persons with type 2 diabetes. The rates for depression and anxiety were 48.27% (95% CI: 44.48–52.06) and 55.10% (95% CI: 51.44–58.93), respectively. Occupation and complications in diabetes were the factors associated with anxiety, whereas glucose level and complications in diabetes were associated with depression. Complications in diabetes was a factor common to depression and anxiety (p<0.0001; OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.29–2.4). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a large proportion of diabetic patients present depression and/or anxiety. We also identified a significant association between complications in diabetes with depression and anxiety. Interventions are necessary to hinder the appearance of complications in diabetes and in consequence prevent depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tovilla-Zárate
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México.
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Abstract
Stress is common among college students and associated with adverse health outcomes. This study used the social networking Web site Facebook to identify self-reported stress and associated conditions among college students. Public Facebook profiles of undergraduate freshman at a large Midwestern State University (n = 300) were identified using a Facebook search. Content analysis of Facebook profiles included demographic information and displayed references to stress, weight concerns, depressive symptoms, and alcohol. The mean reported age was 18.4 years, and the majority of profile owners were female (62%). Stress references were displayed on 37% of the profiles, weight concerns on 6%, depressive symptoms on 24%, and alcohol on 73%. The display of stress references was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; confidence interval [CI], 1.7-4.7), weight concerns (OR, 5.36; CI, 1.87-15.34), and depressive symptoms (OR, 2.7; CI, 1.57-4.63). No associations were found between stress and alcohol references. College freshmen frequently display references to stress on Facebook profiles with prevalence rates similar to self-reported national survey data. Findings suggest a positive association between referencing stress and both weight concerns and depressive symptoms. Facebook may be a useful venue to identify students at risk for stress-related conditions and to disseminate information about campus resources to these students.
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Sharma S, Cyrus C, Green BS, Hudes ML, Fleming SE. Relationship of insulin resistance to psychobehavioral characteristics of overweight and obese African American children. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:738-43. [PMID: 21801736 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of insulin resistance to positive as well as negative dimensions of the child's emotions, behavior and personality (hereafter referred to as "psychobehavioral characteristics") in a convenience sample of inner-city, overweight and obese, African American children. METHODS A secondary analysis was performed on a sample of 127 children ages 9-12 yr old who were participating in a community-based, Type 2 diabetes prevention program. Psychobehavioral characteristics of children were assessed using both child and parent ratings derived from the Behavioral Assessment for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2). Body fatness was evaluated using anthropometric techniques, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were employed with BASC scales as dependent variables and HOMA-IR as the independent variable of interest. RESULTS After adjusting for child age, pubertal stage, gender, family socioeconomic index, and intervention group assignment, child HOMA-IR was related at p<0.05 to less favorable scores for parent-report of behavioral symptoms and externalizing problems composites, and to content scales for bullying and negative emotionality. Additionally, child HOMA-IR was related at p<0.01 to less favorable scores for child-report inattention/hyperactivity composite. Body fatness suppressed the unfavorable relationship between HOMA-IR and these and other psychobehavioral characteristics as the degree of significance was higher following adjustment for body fatness in this cohort. CONCLUSION More than one psychobehavioral characteristic were associated with body fatness and insulin resistance in the overweight children of this study. Whether the associations are due to several, or only one, of these psychobehavioral characteristics could not be determined. A much larger and future study will be needed to determine which, if any, of these psychobehavioral characteristics are independently associated with insulin resistance in overweight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Sharma
- Dr Robert C and Veronica Atkins Center for Weight and Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA.
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Balhara YPS, Sagar R. Correlates of anxiety and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011; 15:S50-S54. [PMID: 21847456 PMCID: PMC3152186 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.83057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Research has established the relation between diabetes and depression. Both diabetes and anxiety/depression are independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. AIMS The present study aims at assessing the prevalence of anxiety/depression among outpatients receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was conducted in the endocrinology outpatient department of an urban tertiary care center. MATERIALS AND METHODS The instruments used included a semi-structured questionnaire, HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose, Brief Patient Health Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 16.0. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to find out the correlations. ANOVA was carried out for the in between group comparisons. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between the HADS-Anxiety scale and Body Mass Index (BMI) with a correlation coefficient of 0.34 (P = 0.008). Also, a significant correlation existed between HADS-Depression scale and BMI (correlation coefficient, 0.36; P = 0.004). Significant correlation were observed between the duration of daily physical exercise and HADS-Anxiety (coefficient of correlation, -0.25; P = 0.04) scores. HADS-Anxiety scores were found to be related to HbA1c levels (correlation-coefficient, 0.41; P = 0.03) and postprandial blood glucose levels (correlation-coefficient, 0.51; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of biochemical parameters like HbA1c and postprandial blood glucose levels and BMI could be a guide to development of anxiety in these patients. Also, physical exercise seems to have a protective effect on anxiety in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Departments of Psychiatry, Lady Harding Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Departments of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Khuwaja AK, Lalani S, Dhanani R, Azam IS, Rafique G, White F. Anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A multi-centre study of prevalence and associated factors. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:72. [PMID: 21171976 PMCID: PMC3022608 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression contribute to poor disease outcomes among individuals with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to identify their associated factors including metabolic components among people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, multi-center study in four out-patient clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. In all, 889 adults with type-2 diabetes were included in this study. Anxiety and depression were measured by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of various factors associated with anxiety and depression, while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS Overall, 57.9% (95% CI = 54.7%, 61.2%) and 43.5% (95% CI = 40.3%, 46.8%) study participants had anxiety and depression respectively. Factors found to be independently associated with anxiety were physical inactivity, having hypertension and ischemic heart disease. For depression, being female, of older age, having hypertension and ischemic heart disease were significantly associated. Metabolic components found to be independently associated with both anxiety and depression were systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and fasting blood triglycerides. Body mass index was independently associated with depression but not with anxiety. CONCLUSION This study identified that a large proportion of adults with diabetes had anxiety and/or depression, and identified factors associated with these entities. These results alert clinicians to identify and treat anxiety and depression as common components of diabetes care. Additional studies are needed to establish the directional nature of this relationship and to test interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khan Khuwaja
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi - 74880, Pakistan
| | - Saima Lalani
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Dhanani
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, East Africa
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Franklin White
- Pacific Health & Development Sciences Inc., Victoria, Canada
- Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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