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Aidoukovitch A, Bankell E, Svensson D, Nilsson BO. Vitamin D triggers hCAP18/LL-37 production: Implications for LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149962. [PMID: 38642493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The human cathelicidin LL-37 shows activity against microorganisms, but it is also cytotoxic to host cells. The CAMP gene codes for the LL-37 precursor hCAP18 which is processed extracellularly to active LL-37. It has previously been shown that vitamin D stimulates CAMP gene activity, but less information is available demonstrating that vitamin D also can increase hCAP18/LL-37 protein production. Here, we show with RT-qPCR that a physiological concentration of vitamin D (50 nM) enhances CAMP mRNA levels by about 170 times in human THP-1 monocyte cells. Stimulation with 50 nM vitamin D increases hCAP18/LL-37 protein contents 3-4 times in THP-1 cell lysates demonstrated by both dot blot analysis and ELISA applying two different hCAP18/LL-37 antibodies. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 enhances hCAP18/LL-37 levels, suggesting that turnover of hCAP18/LL-37 protein is regulated by the proteasome. The hCAP18/LL-37 concentration in vitamin D-stimulated THP-1 cells corresponds to 1.04 μM LL-37. Interestingly, synthetic LL-37, at this concentration, reduces viability of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells, whereas the THP-1 cells are less sensitive as demonstrated by the MTT assay. In summary, we show that vitamin D enhances hCAP18/LL-37 production, and that this effect can be of physiological/pathophysiological relevance for LL-37-induced human osteoblast toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aidoukovitch
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Bankell
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.
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Asante EO, Chen Y, Eldholm RS, Høvik H, Kolberg M, Skjellegrind HK, Torabi-Gaarden R, Mai XM, Sun YQ. Associations of Serum Vitamin D With Dental Caries and Periodontitis: The HUNT Study. Int Dent J 2024; 74:500-509. [PMID: 38565436 PMCID: PMC11123562 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationships of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with dental caries and periodontitis in a general Norwegian adult population. METHODS We analysed a subsample of 1605 participants from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway that had serum 25(OH)D levels measured in HUNT3 (2006-08) and oral health assessed in the HUNT4 Oral Health Study (2017-19). Negative binomial and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the ratios of means (RMs; for count oral outcomes) and prevalence ratios (PRs; for dichotomous oral outcomes). RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the number of decayed teeth in a dose-response gradient (<30.0 nmol/L: RM 1.41, 95% CI 1.07-1.85; 30.0-49.9 nmol/L: 1.14, 0.98-1.32 and ≥75.0 nmol/L: 0.84, 0.67-1.04, as compared to the 50.0-74.9 nmol/L group, P for trend <.001). Each 25 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D level was associated with a 15% (RM 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) increase in the mean number of decayed teeth. Serum 25(OH)D <30.0 nmol/L was associated with a 35% higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (PR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00-1.83). No association was observed between 25(OH)D and the number of natural teeth. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that serum 25(OH)D level had an inverse and dose-response association with the number of decayed teeth, and serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L was associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis in this Norwegian adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Obeng Asante
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hedda Høvik
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Kolberg
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Kjesbu Skjellegrind
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Roya Torabi-Gaarden
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiao-Mei Mai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yi-Qian Sun
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pathology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Li Z, Wei X, Shao Z, Liu H, Bai S. Correlation between vitamin D levels in serum and the risk of dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:768. [PMID: 37858104 PMCID: PMC10585927 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a crucial role in oral health, and its deficiency is associated to significant changes in oral health diseases. We aimed to explore the relationship between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and dental caries in children. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched by two investigators including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Dental caries results were presented as either prevalence or based on the index of primary and permanent teeth/surfaces with decaying, missing, and filled areas, while vitamin D levels were determined through laboratory testing. Two researchers independently selected studies, collected information, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the study quality. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included, comprising 5 cross-sectional studies, 5 cohort studies, 3 case-control studies, all of which had high methodological quality. Our meta-analysis showed that children with vitamin D deficiency had a 22% higher risk of dental caries than those with normal vitamin D levels, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.22 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.18 to 1. 25. Further subgroup analysis according to the three types of studies showed that the risk of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency was higher than that in normal vitamin D level group (cohort studies: 62%; cross-sectional studies, 19%; and case-control studies, 5%). Additionally, according to age, subgroup analysis also showed that the risk of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency was higher than that in normal vitamin D level group (permanent teeth studies, 28%; deciduous teeth studies, 68%; and mixed dentition studies 8%). CONCLUSIONS Levels of 25 (OH) D have been found negatively associated with dental caries in children, indicating that low vitamin D levels may be considered a potential risk factor to this dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongjun Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Shizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Center of School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Romano F, Serpico D, Cantelli M, Di Sarno A, Dalia C, Arianna R, Lavorgna M, Colao A, Di Somma C. Osteoporosis and dermatoporosis: a review on the role of vitamin D. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1231580. [PMID: 37693364 PMCID: PMC10484397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and Dermatoporosis (DP) are expressions of the aging process at the skin and bone levels, respectively. Both conditions are associated with increased morbidity for elderly people, and this requires necessary interventions. They share many common risk factors; among these, vitamin D (VD) deficiency appears to have a role. VD is involved in either disease with many mechanisms, among which immunomodulation. VD deficiency has been linked to OP because it inhibits the body's capacity to absorb calcium and maintain optimal bone health. Available evidence suggests that proper vitaminosis D also appears to be vital in preventing skin age-related issues. DP is often seen in elderly individuals, particularly those with long-term sun exposure and a history of chronic sun damage. VD deficiency can be linked to DP, since its involvement in collagen production, epidermal barrier function, inflammation regulation, wound healing, and sun protection. Aim of this review is to summarize the most updated existing evidence on the role of VD in the development of fragility syndromes such as DP and OP and the possible benefits of VD supplementation as a simple and harmful weapon against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Romano
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Serpico
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cantelli
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sarno
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Dalia
- Internal Medicine S. Maria Della Pietà Hospital Nola, Nola, Italy
| | - Rossana Arianna
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Lavorgna
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Di Somma
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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5
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Pu R, Fu M, Li N, Jiang Z. A certain protective effect of vitamin D against dental caries in US children and youth: A cross-sectional study. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:231-238. [PMID: 37005066 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies reported that evidence of the association between caries and vitamin D was inconclusive. We investigated the relationship between dental caries and serum vitamin D levels in US children and youth aged 5-19 years through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The purpose of this study was to analyze the relations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] level and dental caries in children and youth. METHODS Data were collected from the NHANES dataset performed in 2011-2018. A total of 8896 subjects completed the examination was enrolled. Serum 25(OH)D was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). All teeth examined and caries assessment was conducted by licensed dentists. Statistical analyses included complex samples Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, logistic regression analyses, and restricted cubic splines conducted by R software. RESULTS There was a nonlinear relation between dental caries and age in youth. Vitamin D showed a relatively stable protective effect when the concentration exceeded 60 nmol/L. There was a dose-effect relation that a 10 nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations was associated with a decreased caries odd by 10%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that vitamin D sufficiency may be a protective factor for dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Aggeletopoulou I, Marangos M, Assimakopoulos SF, Mouzaki A, Thomopoulos K, Triantos C. Vitamin D and Microbiome: Molecular Interaction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00055-X. [PMID: 36868465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of systemic autoimmune diseases point to characteristic microbial patterns in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Autoimmune diseases, and IBD in particular, show a predisposition to vitamin D deficiency, leading to alterations in the microbiome and disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. In this review, we examine the role of the gut microbiome in IBD and discuss how vitamin D-vitamin D receptor (VDR)-associated molecular signaling pathways contribute to the development and progression of IBD through their effects on gut barrier function, the microbial community, and immune system function. The present data demonstrate that vitamin D promotes the proper function of the innate immune system by acting as an immunomodulator, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and critically contributing to the maintenance of gut barrier integrity and modulation of the gut microbiota, mechanisms that may influence the IBD development and progression. VDR regulates the biological effects of vitamin D and is related to environmental, genetic, immunologic, and microbial aspects of IBD. Vitamin D influences the distribution of the fecal microbiota, with high vitamin D levels associated with increased levels of beneficial bacterial species and lower levels of pathogenic bacteria. Understanding the cellular functions of vitamin D-VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells may pave the way for the development of new treatment strategies for the therapeutic armamentarium of IBD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Immunohematology, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Immunohematology, Medical School, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor genes and its relation with susceptibility to brucellosis: a case-control study. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2077-2083. [PMID: 36542233 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the systemic infections is Brucellosis which is caused by facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone, that metabolizes enzymes and its intracellular receptor creates the active hormone and also mediate in responses of immune system. METHODS Current research consists of 102 patients with brucellosis who were selected based on culture, PCR results serology, and clinical symptoms. The control group composed of 102 healthy people. The polymorphism of genes (Bsm I, Fok I, Taq I, Apa I) encoding Vitamin D receptor (VDR) were assessed by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS The results showed that ff, tt, aa, and bb genotypes in Fok I, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI were significant in case/control groups (P-value ≤ 0.0001). The genotype frequency AA in the control group is higher than that of the study group, while genotype frequency aa in the study group is more than the control. The odds ratio for brucellosis in individuals with ff genotype is 37 times higher than that of Ff genotype. Also, the odds ratio of brucellosis in individuals with genotype tt, aa, and bb was 12, 53, and 6 times higher than those of the Aa, Bb, and Tt genotypes. CONCLUSION The genotypes aa and ff in the positions of the ApaI and FokI are of higher importance. The brucellosis risk in individuals accompanied aa genotype at Apa I is 53 times higher than that of the genotype AA, in other words, AA and BB, TT and FF genotypes are protective against the disease.
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Shannon AH, Adelman SA, Hisey EA, Potnis SS, Rozo V, Yung MW, Li JY, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM, Leonard BC. Antimicrobial Peptide Expression at the Ocular Surface and Their Therapeutic Use in the Treatment of Microbial Keratitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857735. [PMID: 35722307 PMCID: PMC9201425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is a common cause of ocular pain and visual impairment worldwide. The ocular surface has a relatively paucicellular microbial community, mostly found in the conjunctiva, while the cornea would be considered relatively sterile. However, in patients with microbial keratitis, the cornea can be infected with multiple pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Fusarium sp. Treatment with topical antimicrobials serves as the standard of care for microbial keratitis, however, due to high rates of pathogen resistance to current antimicrobial medications, alternative therapeutic strategies must be developed. Multiple studies have characterized the expression and activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), endogenous peptides with key antimicrobial and wound healing properties, on the ocular surface. Recent studies and clinical trials provide promise for the use of AMPs as therapeutic agents. This article reviews the repertoire of AMPs expressed at the ocular surface, how expression of these AMPs can be modulated, and the potential for harnessing the AMPs as potential therapeutics for patients with microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H. Shannon
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara A. Adelman
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Erin A. Hisey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sanskruti S. Potnis
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Rozo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Madeline W. Yung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Wu Y, Lin X, Song F, Xue D, Wang Y. Vitamin D3 promotes autophagy in THP‑1 cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:240. [PMID: 35222717 PMCID: PMC8815057 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in The West, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Xue Lin
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in The West, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Fuyang Song
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in The West, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Di Xue
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in The West, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in The West, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
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Vitamin D 3 Protects Mice from Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress through the NF- κB/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6776956. [PMID: 34824670 PMCID: PMC8610683 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6776956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3, as an indispensable and fat-soluble micronutrient, plays an important role in the health of humans and animals. At present, studies are focusing on the calcium absorption and immunoregulation function of vitamin D3; this study was aimed at exploring the antioxidative stress ability of vitamin D3 on diquat-induced intestinal dysfunction of ICR mice and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that oral gavage of vitamin D3 daily significantly improved the body weight gain and immune organ index and significantly reverted the abnormal changes of ALT, AST, SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and MDA in the serum and jejunum induced by diquat. The addition of vitamin D3 also significantly reduced the concentration of DAO, D-LA, and certain proinflammatory cytokines in serum. Moreover, vitamin D3 improved the pathological morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, colon, liver, and kidney tissues, and it also largely attenuated the degree of inflammatory infiltration of macrophages and cell apoptotic index of jejunal epithelial tissue induced by diquat. The results demonstrated that vitamin D3 significantly recovered the intestinal barrier injury by enhancing the expression of mucins and tight junction proteins in the jejunum. In addition, the results indicated that vitamin D3 could significantly reduce the phosphorylation level of NF-κB (p65) and enhance the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the jejunum compared with the diquat-induced group. This study suggested that oral administration of vitamin D3 can protect mice against oxidative damage by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of NF-κB (p65) and activating Nrf2-related signaling pathways.
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Liu J, Shao R, Lan Y, Liao X, Zhang J, Mai K, Ai Q, Wan M. Vitamin D 3 protects turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) from bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:25-33. [PMID: 34450270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that vitamin D3 (VD3) possesses immunomodulatory properties besides its classical actions in calcium and bone homeostasis. In this study, juvenile turbots were fed with the diets containing 0 IU/kg VD3 or the optimum dose of 400 IU/kg VD3 for 8 weeks. To investigate the effects of VD3 on anti-infectious immunity in fish, 107 CFU Edwardsiella tarda was injected intraperitoneally to each juvenile turbot after the feeding trial. Our results showed that the mortality of infected turbots with dietary VD3 was much lower than that in VD3 deficient group, and the supplementation of dietary VD3 significantly reduced the bacterial load in the spleen of infected turbots. Further analysis demonstrated that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in haemocytes and lysozyme activity in serum was elevated, and the responses of T cells and B cells were modulated in VD3-supplemented turbots. Moreover, the inflammation was significantly exacerbated in the infected turbots fed with 0 IU/kg VD3 compared to the fish fed with 400 IU/kg VD3. In addition, the head kidney macrophages (HKMs) in turbots were isolated and incubated with VD3in vitro, the results showed that VD3 significantly promoted the bactericidal activity in HKMs. In conclusion, our study has shown clear evidence that VD3 positively regulates the innate and adaptive immunity in fish, which is beneficial to the defense in fish against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinmeng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Mechanisms for control of skin immune function by the microbiome. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:324-330. [PMID: 34537476 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin represents the largest area for direct contact between microbes and host immunocytes and is a site for constant communication between the host and this diverse and essential microbial community. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are an abundant bacterial genus on the human skin and are regulated through various mechanisms that include the epidermal barrier environment and innate and adaptive immune systems within the epidermis and dermis. In turn, some species and strains of these bacteria produce beneficial products that augment host immunity by exerting specifically targeted antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or anti-neoplastic activity while also promoting broad innate and adaptive immune responses. The use of selected skin commensals as a therapeutic has shown promise in recent human clinical trials. This emerging concept of bacteriotherapy is defining mechanisms of action and validating the dependence on the microbiome for maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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13
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Bocheva G, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. The Impact of Vitamin D on Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169097. [PMID: 34445803 PMCID: PMC8396468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The active metabolites of vitamin D3 (D3) and lumisterol (L3) exert a variety of antiaging and photoprotective effects on the skin. These are achieved through immunomodulation and include anti-inflammatory actions, regulation of keratinocytes proliferation, and differentiation programs to build the epidermal barrier necessary for maintaining skin homeostasis. In addition, they induce antioxidative responses, inhibit DNA damage and induce DNA repair mechanisms to attenuate premature skin aging and cancerogenesis. The mechanism of action would involve interaction with multiple nuclear receptors including VDR, AhR, LXR, reverse agonism on RORα and -γ, and nongenomic actions through 1,25D3-MARRS receptor and interaction with the nongenomic binding site of the VDR. Therefore, active forms of vitamin D3 including its canonical (1,25(OH)2D3) and noncanonical (CYP11A1-intitated) D3 derivatives as well as L3 derivatives are promising agents for the prevention, attenuation, or treatment of premature skin aging. They could be administrated orally and/or topically. Other forms of parenteral application of vitamin D3 precursor should be considered to avoid its predominant metabolism to 25(OH)D3 that is not recognized by CYP11A1 enzyme. The efficacy of topically applied vitamin D3 and L3 derivatives needs further clinical evaluation in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.T.S.)
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14
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Lokhande KB, Banerjee T, Swamy KV, Ghosh P, Deshpande M. An in silico scientific basis for LL-37 as a therapeutic for Covid-19. Proteins 2021; 90:1029-1043. [PMID: 34333809 PMCID: PMC8441666 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A multi‐pronged approach with help in all forms possible is essential to completely overcome the Covid‐19 pandemic. There is a requirement to research as many new and different types of approaches as possible to cater to the entire world population, complementing the vaccines with promising results. The need is also because SARS‐CoV‐2 has several unknown or variable facets which get revealed from time to time. In this work, in silico scientific findings are presented, which are indicative of the potential for the use of the LL‐37 human anti‐microbial peptide as a therapeutic against SARS‐CoV‐2. This indication is based on the high structural similarity of LL‐37 to the N‐terminal helix, with which the virus interacts, of the receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. Moreover, there is positive prediction of binding of LL‐37 to the receptor‐binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2; this is the first study to have described this interaction. In silico data on the safety of LL‐37 are also reported. As Vitamin D is known to upregulate the expression of LL‐37, the vitamin is a candidate preventive molecule. This work provides the possible basis for an inverse correlation between Vitamin D levels in the body and the severity of or susceptibility to Covid‐19, as widely reported in literature. With the scientific link put forth herein, Vitamin D could be used at an effective, medically prescribed, safe dose as a preventive. The information in this report would be valuable in bolstering the worldwide efforts to eliminate the pandemic as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bangalore-Mumbai Highway, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bangalore-Mumbai Highway, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Molecular Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakumani Venkateswara Swamy
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, A Constituent Unit of MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manisha Deshpande
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bangalore-Mumbai Highway, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Rademacher F, Gläser R, Harder J. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins: Interaction with the skin microbiota. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1496-1508. [PMID: 34310774 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous microbiota comprises all living skin microorganisms. There is increasing evidence that the microbiota plays a crucial role in skin homeostasis. Accordingly, a dysbiosis of the microbiota may trigger cutaneous inflammation. The need for a balanced microbiota requires specific regulatory mechanisms that control and shape the microbiota. In this review, we highlight the present knowledge suggesting that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may exert a substantial influence on the microbiota by controlling their growth. This is supported by own data showing the differential influence of principal skin-derived AMPs on commensal staphylococci. Vice versa, we also illuminate how the cutaneous microbiota interacts with skin-derived AMPs by modulating AMP expression and how microbiota members protect themselves from the antimicrobial activity of AMPs. Taken together, the current picture suggests that a fine-tuned and well-balanced AMP-microbiota interplay on the skin surface may be crucial for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Papadaki M, Marmarinos A, Tsolia M, Gourgiotis D, Soldatou A. Cathelicidin levels in nasal secretions are associated with the severity of acute bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1673-1680. [PMID: 33656266 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of serum vitamin D and nasal secretion antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) levels with the severity of acute bronchiolitis. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective single pediatric tertiary care center cohort study of inpatients aged 0-18 months with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis from November 1st 2014 to April 30th 2017. Disease severity was determined by the length of hospitalization and supplemental hospital data. Qualitative measurements included serum 25(OH)D and nasal secretion LL-37 and β-defensin-2 levels. Correlations were examined with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis criteria for qualitative and the correlation coefficient Spearman's rho for quantitative factors. Multiple linear and logarithmic regression were performed to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS The study population consisted of 153 infants and toddlers with median age 3.1 months (interquartile range:1.6-4.9). No association was found between serum 25(OH)D and AMPs nasal secretions levels. Serum 25(OH)D and nasal secretion β-defensin-2 levels were not associated with the severity of bronchiolitis. In contrast, LL-37 levels were inversely associated with the length of hospitalization (rho = -0.340, p = .001), the need for medication use (p = .001), as well as the duration of oxygen supplementation (rho = -0.339, p = .001), and intravenous fluid administration (rho = -0.323, p = .001). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION A significant association between LL-37 nasal secretions levels with the severity of acute bronchiolitis was found in hospitalized infants and toddlers. The role of LL-37 in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadaki
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsolia
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Athens "P. & A. Kyriakou", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Shaddox LM, Morford LA, Nibali L. Periodontal health and disease: The contribution of genetics. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:161-181. [PMID: 33226705 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious, inflammatory disease that is associated with a complex interplay between specific bacteria, host response, and environmental factors. Because of its high degree of familial aggregation, specifically for the more aggressive forms of the disease, genetics factors have been implicated in disease pathogenesis for several decades. This review provides an overview of what we currently know regarding the genetic and epigenetic contributions to periodontal disease and discusses future opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Macchion Shaddox
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lorri Ann Morford
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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18
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Zhang C, Liu K, Hou J. Extending the vitamin D pathway to vitamin D 3 and CYP27A1 in periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2020; 92:44-53. [PMID: 33107041 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In periodontal connective tissue cells, the vitamin D pathway has been elucidated, and vitamin D3 in the main storage form, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25[OH]D3 ), and the functional form, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2 D3 ), have been found to induce the expression of human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18)/LL-37. Moreover, synergistic effects between Toll-like receptor agonists and 25(OH)D3 have been reported. This research aimed at extending the vitamin D pathway to vitamin D3 and CYP27A1 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) to further explore its function in periodontal inflammatory reaction. METHODS Vitamin D3 was used to stimulate hPDLCs in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS). Conversely, CYP27A1 RNA interference was performed to further validate the findings. The mRNA expression of hCAP-18 was determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were also detected. The cell supernatant levels of LL-37 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Vitamin D3 significantly enhanced the generation of hCAP-18/LL-37. A combination of Pg-LPS and vitamin D3 significantly promoted hCAP-18/LL-37 expression. When the expression of CYP27A1 was knocked down with RNA interference, the induction of hCAP-18/LL-37 expression was significantly inhibited. Therefore, the mRNA levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 in hPDLCs were significantly decreased through the vitamin D pathway. CONCLUSION The vitamin D pathway from vitamin D3 to hCAP-18/LL-37 exists in hPDLCs, and CYP27A1 might be involved in periodontal immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churen Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kaining Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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19
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Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D and microbiota: Two sides of the same coin in the immunomodulatory aspects. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106112. [PMID: 31877495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial for host immune response, vitamin synthesis, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, intestinal permeability, nutrient digestion energy metabolism and protection from pathogens. Therefore, gut microbiota guarantees the host's predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases. Intestinal microbiota may be damaged by environmental components with negative health conditions. Dysbiosis consisting in alteration in the gut microbiota has been involved in several disorders including inflammation, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and even in the state of malignant carcinogenesis existing in humans. Several epidemiological studies have shown that inadequate solar exposure results in vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency which has a strong impact on different immune responses and the occurrence of a wide range of pathological conditions. Additionally, new evidence indicates that the vitamin D pathway plays a key role in gut homeostasis. Due to the strong connection between vitamin D and microbiota, herein we focus on the new findings about intestinal bacteria-immune crosstalk and the impact of vitamin D in gut microbiota regulation, in order to offer new clarifications on their interaction. Understanding the mechanism by which vitamin D can affect the gut microbiota composition and its dynamic activities, as well as the innate and adaptive state of the immune system, is not only a fundamental research but also an opportunity to improve health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy.
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20
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Sawicki K, Czajka M, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Kruszewski M, Skawiński W, Brzóska K, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Chlorpyrifos stimulates expression of vitamin D 3 receptor in skin cells irradiated with UVB. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 154:17-22. [PMID: 30765052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin, the organ responsible for vitamin D synthesis, is fully exposed to many xenobiotics, e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides. A broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticides (OP's), such as chlorpyrifos (CPS), are commonly used in agriculture and to control domestic insects. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorpyrifos, on the expression of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) in human keratinocytes cell line HaCaT and fibroblasts cell line BJ. The impact of CPS and UVB radiation on cell viability were examined by Neutral Red assay. The effect of CPS on VDR expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry (FC). The presented study demonstrated that exposure to CPS and UVB significantly affects the viability of HaCaT and BJ cells lines. Results also revealed that exposure to CPS induced the expression at mRNA and protein level of VDR nuclear receptor in both cell lines exposed to UVB. In HaCaT incubated with 250 μM CPS and 15 mJ/cm2 UVB, the relative VDR expression was ∼2-fold higher; whereas in BJ incubated with 250 μM CPS and 20 mJ/cm2, UVB was∼3-fold higher. Results from FC confirmed this result, as VDR expression increased by ~250% in HaCaT incubated with 250 μM CPS and 20 mJ/cm2 UVB, and in BJ incubated with 250 μM CPS, and 20 mJ/cm2 UVB cells VDR expression increased by ~190%, compared with control. It can therefore be concluded that OPs pesticide might interfere with vitamin D3 metabolism in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sawicki
- Institute of Rural Health, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Czajka
- Institute of Rural Health, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Rural Health, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Lublin, Poland; University of Information Technology and Management, Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Rzeszow, Poland; Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Skawiński
- Institute of Rural Health, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Brzóska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Institute of Rural Health, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Lublin, Poland; University of Information Technology and Management, Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Rzeszow, Poland.
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21
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Zhou X, Zhang P, Wang Q, Xia S, Ji N, Ding Y, Wang Q. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Alleviates Experimental Periodontitis via Promoting Expression of Cathelicidin in Mice with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 64:307-315. [PMID: 30381619 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic mellitus is manifested by metabolic impairments with high prevalence worldwide, of which periodontitis represents a typical oral complication (also called diabetic periodontitis). Oral epithelia bear the brunt of periodontal damage from microscopic intruders; thus the defense function of epithelial cells is of vital significance. We have previously proved that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) altered the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in oral epithelial cells in vitro. Herein, we discovered that 25-OHD3 intraperitoneal injection attenuated periodontal inflammation by promoting cathelicidin production in gingival epithelia and reducing fasting glucose of diabetic mice. Dotblotting of serum showed cathelicidin secretion was consistent with 25-OHD3 treatment. Immunochemistry exhibited enhanced expression of cathelicidin and vitamin D receptors along with reduced expression of TLR4 in diabetic mice. Stereomicroscope showed less alveolar bone loss when injected with 25-OHD3.These results showed 25-OHD3 can promote cathelicidin and ameliorate the severity of diabetic periodontitis. Our study complemented the mechanism of cathelicidin and extended knowledge of 25-OHD3's role in diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Sisi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases.,Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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22
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LL-37 treatment on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells modulates immune response and promotes regulatory T-cells generation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1584-1590. [PMID: 30372860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37 is a host-defense peptide (HDP) and exerts a broad spectrum of microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, and viral pathogens. This peptide also interacts with human cells and influences their behavior, promoting angiogenesis, wound healing, immunomodulation, and affecting apoptosis. Lately, significant advances have been achieved regarding the elucidation of underlying mechanisms related to LL-37 effects over neutrophil and monocytes. However, how T-cells respond to LL-37 stimulation is still largely unknown. Here, we used flow cytometry to evaluate the effects of LL-37 over peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) viability, T-cell proliferation, T-cell activation, as well as the generation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Those aspects were assessed both in immune homeostatic and inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, we investigated the transcript levels of the inflammatory factors INF-γ, TNF-ɑ, and TGF-β in these conditions. Interestingly, our data revealed that the treatment of PBMCs with LL-37 enhanced the viability of these cells and exerted wide effects over T cell response. Upon activation, LL-37 treated T-cells presented lower proliferation and also increased generation of Tregs. Finally, while non-stimulated cells increased the expression of inflammatory factors when treated with LL-37, activated cells treated with LL-37 presented a decreased production of the same inflammatory mediators. These results are important for the immunotherapy field, and indicate that the use of LL-37 must be carefully evaluated in both homeostatic and inflammatory scenarios, since the microenvironment clearly plays a crucial role in determining how T-cells respond to LL-37.
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23
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Chen X, Qi G, Qin M, Zou Y, Zhong K, Tang Y, Guo Y, Jiang X, Liang L, Zou X. DNA methylation directly downregulates human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) promoter activity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27943-27952. [PMID: 28427192 PMCID: PMC5438620 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37, the active product of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. LL-37 also has important physiological functions in immune regulation, angiogenesis and in modulating apoptosis. The roles of LL-37 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still not clear. The correlation between DNA methylation and human CAMP expression is also unknown. Here human CAMP/LL-37 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal and OSCC tissues. The results indicated that low expression of CAMP/LL-37 correlated with histological differentiation and lymph node metastasis and also promoted tumor progression. A cell-specific methylation pattern in the promoter region of human CAMP was detected. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylation reagent can increase human CAMP expression in epithelial cancer cells. The reporter assay showed that unmethylated human CAMP promoter activity was significantly higher than methylated promoter activity. Taken together, these results suggested that human CAMP/LL-37 might act as a tumor-suppressor in OSCC and DNA methylation might play roles during carcinogenesis via directly downregulating human CAMP promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yantao Zou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Kanghua Zhong
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, Guangxi, P. R. China
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Svensson D, Aidoukovitch A, Anders E, Agerberth B, Andersson F, Ekblad E, Ericson D, Nebel D, Voss U, Nilsson BO. The host defense peptide LL-37 is detected in human parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva and expressed in glandular neutrophils. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:93-100. [PMID: 29424090 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The human host defense peptide, LL-37, is an important player in the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. LL-37 and its precursor, hCAP18, have been detected in unstimulated whole saliva but no reports showing hCAP18/LL-37 in isolated, parotid, and/or submandibular/sublingual saliva have been presented. Here, we measured the levels of hCAP18/LL-37 in human parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva and investigated the expression of hCAP18/LL-37 in parotid and submandibular gland tissue. Parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva was collected from healthy volunteers, and the levels of hCAP18/LL-37 in saliva were analyzed by dot blot, ELISA, and western blotting. Cellular expression of hCAP18/LL-37 in human parotid and submandibular glands was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for hCAP18/LL-37 was detected in both parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva of all individuals. The concentration of hCAP18/LL-37 was similar in parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva, and was determined by densitometric scanning of each dot and normalization to the total protein concentration of each sample, and by ELISA. Double immunohistochemistry revealed that intravascular neutrophils of both parotid and submandibular glands express hCAP18/LL-37. For the first time, we demonstrate hCAP18/LL-37 in isolated human parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva and expression of hCAP18/LL-37 in glandular intravascular neutrophils, indicating that neutrophils of the major salivary glands contribute to the LL-37 content of whole saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Aidoukovitch
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Folktandvården Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Anders
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Andersson
- Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Ekblad
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dan Ericson
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nebel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrikke Voss
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Dietary modulation of endogenous host defense peptide synthesis as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:160-169. [PMID: 30140755 PMCID: PMC6104571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, antibiotics are included in animal feed at subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and disease prevention. However, recent links between in-feed antibiotics and a rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens have led to a ban of all antibiotics in livestock production by the European Union in January 2006 and a removal of medically important antibiotics in animal feeds in the United States in January 2017. An urgent need arises for antibiotic alternatives capable of maintaining animal health and productivity without triggering antimicrobial resistance. Host defense peptides (HDP) are a critical component of the animal innate immune system with direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. While in-feed supplementation of recombinant or synthetic HDP appears to be effective in maintaining animal performance and alleviating clinical symptoms in the context of disease, dietary modulation of the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides has emerged as a cost-effective, antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control and prevention. Several different classes of small-molecule compounds have been found capable of promoting HDP synthesis. Among the most efficacious compounds are butyrate and vitamin D. Moreover, butyrate and vitamin D synergize with each other in enhancing HDP synthesis. This review will focus on the regulation of HDP synthesis by butyrate and vitamin D in humans, chickens, pigs, and cattle and argue for potential application of HDP-inducing compounds in antibiotic-free livestock production.
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Gyll J, Ridell K, Öhlund I, Karlsland Åkeson P, Johansson I, Lif Holgerson P. Vitamin D status and dental caries in healthy Swedish children. Nutr J 2018; 17:11. [PMID: 29338758 PMCID: PMC5771062 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Gyll
- Department of Odontology, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ridell
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Inger Öhlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Section of Paediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pia Karlsland Åkeson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Odontology/Section of Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lif Holgerson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
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Chin-Smith EC, Hezelgrave NL, Tribe RM. Host Defense Peptide Expression in Human Cervical Cells and Regulation by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Presence of Cytokines and Bacterial Endotoxin. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1208-1217. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117737847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evonne C. Chin-Smith
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King’s College London, Women’s Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Natasha L. Hezelgrave
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King’s College London, Women’s Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Rachel M. Tribe
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King’s College London, Women’s Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
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28
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Mohammed I, Said DG, Dua HS. Human antimicrobial peptides in ocular surface defense. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 61:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chambers JD, Anderson JE, Salem MN, Bügel SG, Fenech M, Mason JB, Weber P, West KP, Wilde P, Eggersdorfer M, Booth SL. The Decline in Vitamin Research Funding: A Missed Opportunity? Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e000430. [PMID: 29955714 PMCID: PMC5998363 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The National Nutrition Research Roadmap has called for support of greater collaborative, interdisciplinary research for multiple areas of nutrition research. However, a substantial reduction in federal funding makes responding to these calls challenging. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine temporal trends in research funding and to discuss the potential consequences of these trends. Methods: We searched the NIH RePORTER database to identify NIH research grants and USASpending to identify National Science Foundation and USDA research grants awarded from 1992 to 2015. We focused on those that pertained to vitamin research. For the years 2000 to 2015, we examined funding trends for different vitamins, including vitamins A, B (one-carbon B-vitamins were considered separately from other B-vitamins), C, D, E, and K. Results: From 1992 to 2015, total federal research spending increased from ∼$14 to $45 billion (2016 US dollars). Although vitamin research spending increased from ∼$89 to $95 million, the proportion of grants awarded for vitamin research declined by more than two-thirds, from 0.65% in 1992 to 0.2% in 2015. Federal agencies awarded 6035 vitamin research grants over the time period, with vitamin A associated with the most research projects per year on average (n = 115) and vitamin K the fewest (n = 8). Vitamin D research projects were associated with the greatest average yearly project value ($34.8 million). Conclusions: Vitamin research has faced a disproportionate decline in research funding from 1992 to 2015. Insufficient federal research funding streams risk stalling progress in vitamin research and leaving important advancements unrealized.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Chambers
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan E Anderson
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark N Salem
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Susanne G Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity, Sydney, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel B Mason
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Weber
- Department of Nutrition, University Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith P West
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Parke Wilde
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah L Booth
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Svensson D, Nebel D, Voss U, Ekblad E, Nilsson BO. Vitamin D-induced up-regulation of human keratinocyte cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide expression involves retinoid X receptor α. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:353-362. [PMID: 27357804 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), has been reported to positively regulate the human cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide (CAMP) gene coding for LL-37, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. We have determined the expression of CAMP, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) isoforms in human skin and gingival tissue biopsies and investigated the signaling pathways involved in 1,25D3-induced upregulation of CAMP. Human skin and gingival biopsies exhibited few VDR-immunoreactive cells within the stratum basale, whereas rat colon enterocytes (positive control) possessed abundant VDR immunoreactivity. Nuclear VDR immunoreactivity was demonstrated in human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Gene analysis revealed that human skin biopsies expressed higher levels of both CAMP and RXRα mRNA than human gingival biopsies, whereas VDR and RXRβ transcript levels were similar in skin and gingiva. In HaCaT cells, treatment with 1,25D3 (5 nM and 1 μM) for 4 and 24 h up-regulated CAMP mRNA several fold, and treatment with 1,25D3 for 24 h increased protein expression of the pro-form of LL-37 (hCAP-18) by about 13 times. The 1,25D3-evoked stimulation of HaCaT CAMP expression was associated with attenuated VDR mRNA and protein expression. Treatment with RXRα short interfering RNA reversed the 1,25D3-induced CAMP expression in HaCaT cells, showing that RXRα is involved in the up-regulation of CAMP by 1,25D3. We conclude that the 1,25D3-evoked stimulation of CAMP expression in human skin keratinocytes is dependent on RXRα but is not associated with the up-regulation of VDR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nebel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrikke Voss
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Ekblad
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D12, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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