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Thermal inactivation of pectin methylesterase from different potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Safran J, Habrylo O, Cherkaoui M, Lecomte S, Voxeur A, Pilard S, Bassard S, Pau-Roblot C, Mercadante D, Pelloux J, Sénéchal F. New insights into the specificity and processivity of two novel pectinases from Verticillium dahliae. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:165-176. [PMID: 33561463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pectin, the major non-cellulosic component of primary cell wall can be degraded by polygalacturonases (PGs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) during pathogen attack on plants. We characterized two novel enzymes, VdPG2 and VdPME1, from the fungal plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. VdPME1 was most active on citrus methylesterified pectin (55-70%) at pH 6 and a temperature of 40 °C, while VdPG2 was most active on polygalacturonic acid at pH 5 and a temperature of 50 °C. Using LC-MS/MS oligoprofiling, and various pectins, the mode of action of VdPME1 and VdPG2 were determined. VdPME1 was shown to be processive, in accordance with the electrostatic potential of the enzyme. VdPG2 was identified as endo-PG releasing both methylesterified and non-methylesterified oligogalacturonides (OGs). Additionally, when flax roots were used as substrate, acetylated OGs were detected. The comparisons of OGs released from Verticillium-susceptible and partially resistant flax cultivars identified new possible elicitor of plant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Safran
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Habrylo
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Current address: Groupe Soufflet, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mehdi Cherkaoui
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Current address: UR 1258 BIA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRAE, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Sylvain Lecomte
- Linéa Semences, 20 Avenue Saget, 60210 Grandvilliers, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Fabien Sénéchal
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro - BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
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Dorokhov YL, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Methanol in Plant Life. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1623. [PMID: 30473703 PMCID: PMC6237831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, plant-emitted methanol was considered a biochemical by-product, but studies in the last decade have revealed its role as a signal molecule in plant-plant and plant-animal communication. Moreover, methanol participates in metabolic biochemical processes during growth and development. The purpose of this review is to determine the impact of methanol on the growth and immunity of plants. Plants generate methanol in the reaction of the demethylation of macromolecules including DNA and proteins, but the main source of plant-derived methanol is cell wall pectins, which are demethylesterified by pectin methylesterases (PMEs). Methanol emissions increase in response to mechanical wounding or other stresses due to damage of the cell wall, which is the main source of methanol production. Gaseous methanol from the wounded plant induces defense reactions in intact leaves of the same and neighboring plants, activating so-called methanol-inducible genes (MIGs) that regulate plant resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Since PMEs are the key enzymes in methanol production, their expression increases in response to wounding, but after elimination of the stress factor effects, the plant cell should return to the original state. The amount of functional PMEs in the cell is strictly regulated at both the gene and protein levels. There is negative feedback between one of the MIGs, aldose epimerase-like protein, and PME gene transcription; moreover, the enzymatic activity of PMEs is modulated and controlled by PME inhibitors (PMEIs), which are also induced in response to pathogenic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L. Dorokhov
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Yuri L. Dorokhov,
| | | | - Tatiana V. Komarova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Wallace S, Williams JH. Evolutionary origins of pectin methylesterase genes associated with novel aspects of angiosperm pollen tube walls. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:509-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Katsaros GJ, Alexandrakis ZS, Taoukis PS. Kinetic Assessment of High Pressure Inactivation of Different Plant Origin Pectinmethylesterase Enzymes. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-016-9153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV, Pozdyshev DV, Ershova NM, Shindyapina AV, Tashlitsky VN, Sheval EV, Dorokhov YL. The Intergenic Interplay between Aldose 1-Epimerase-Like Protein and Pectin Methylesterase in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Control. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1646. [PMID: 28993784 PMCID: PMC5622589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical damage that often precedes the penetration of a leaf by a pathogen promotes the activation of pectin methylesterase (PME); the activation of PME leads to the emission of methanol, resulting in a "priming" effect on intact leaves, which is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and resistance to bacteria. In this study, we revealed that mRNA levels of the methanol-inducible gene encoding Nicotiana benthamiana aldose 1-epimerase-like protein (NbAELP) in the leaves of intact plants are very low compared with roots. However, stress and pathogen attack increased the accumulation of the NbAELP mRNA in the leaves. Using transiently transformed plants, we obtained data to support the mechanism underlying AELP/PME-related negative feedback The insertion of the NbAELP promoter sequence (proNbAELP) into the N. benthamiana genome resulted in the co-suppression of the natural NbAELP gene expression, accompanied by a reduction in the NbAELP mRNA content and increased PME synthesis. Knockdown of NbAELP resulted in high activity of PME in the cell wall and a decrease in the leaf glucose level, creating unfavorable conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens reproduction in injected leaves. Our results showed that NbAELP is capable of binding the TMV movement protein (MPTMV) in vitro and is likely to affect the cellular nucleocytoplasmic transport, which may explain the sensitivity of NbAELP knockdown plants to TMV. Although NbAELP was primarily detected in the cell wall, the influence of this protein on cellular PME mRNA levels might be associated with reduced transcriptional activity of the PME gene in the nucleus. To confirm this hypothesis, we isolated the N. tabacum PME gene promoter (proNtPME) and showed the inhibition of proNtPME-directed GFP and GUS expression in leaves when co-agroinjected with the NbAELP-encoding plasmid. We hypothesized that plant wounding and/or pathogen attack lead to PME activation and increased methanol emission, followed by increased NbAELP expression, which results in reversion of PME mRNA level and methanol emission to levels found in the intact plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana V. Komarova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia M. Ershova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Shindyapina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Eugene V. Sheval
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Yuri L. Dorokhov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics (RAS)Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Yuri L. Dorokhov
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Kent LM, Loo TS, Melton LD, Mercadante D, Williams MAK, Jameson GB. Structure and Properties of a Non-processive, Salt-requiring, and Acidophilic Pectin Methylesterase from Aspergillus niger Provide Insights into the Key Determinants of Processivity Control. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1289-306. [PMID: 26567911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are expressed in plants to modify plant cell-wall pectins for various physiological roles. These pectins are also attacked by PMEs from phytopathogens and phytophagous insects. The de-methylesterification by PMEs of the O6-methyl ester groups of the homogalacturonan component of pectin, exposing galacturonic acids, can occur processively or non-processively, respectively, describing sequential versus single de-methylesterification events occurring before enzyme-substrate dissociation. The high resolution x-ray structures of a PME from Aspergillus niger in deglycosylated and Asn-linked N-acetylglucosamine-stub forms reveal a 10⅔-turn parallel β-helix (similar to but with less extensive loops than bacterial, plant, and insect PMEs). Capillary electrophoresis shows that this PME is non-processive, halophilic, and acidophilic. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrostatic potential calculations reveal very different behavior and properties compared with processive PMEs. Specifically, uncorrelated rotations are observed about the glycosidic bonds of a partially de-methyl-esterified decasaccharide model substrate, in sharp contrast to the correlated rotations of processive PMEs, and the substrate-binding groove is negatively not positively charged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kent
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Trevor S Loo
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Laurence D Melton
- From Riddet Institute and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Davide Mercadante
- From Riddet Institute and Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Martin A K Williams
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B Jameson
- From Riddet Institute and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Mei X, Shpigelman A, Verrijssen TA, Kyomugasho C, Luo Y, Van Loey AM, Michiels C, Huang K, Hendrickx ME. Recombinant kiwi pectin methylesterase inhibitor: Purification and characterization of the interaction with plant pectin methylesterase during thermal and high-pressure processing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Christiaens S, Van Buggenhout S, Houben K, Jamsazzadeh Kermani Z, Moelants KR, Ngouémazong ED, Van Loey A, Hendrickx ME. Process–Structure–Function Relations of Pectin in Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1021-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.753029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nistor OV, Stănciuc N, Aprodu I, Botez E. New insights into heat induced structural changes of pectin methylesterase on fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling basis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:15-21. [PMID: 24657465 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced structural changes of Aspergillus oryzae pectin methylesterase (PME) were studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling, whereas the functional enzyme stability was monitored by inactivation studies. The fluorescence spectroscopy experiments were performed at two pH value (4.5 and 7.0). At both pH values, the phase diagrams were linear, indicating the presence of two molecular species induced by thermal treatment. A red shift of 7 nm was observed at neutral pH by increasing temperature up to 60°C, followed by a blue shift of 4 nm at 70°C, suggesting significant conformational rearrangements. The quenching experiments using acrylamide and iodide demonstrate a more flexible conformation of enzyme with increasing temperature, especially at neutral pH. The experimental results were complemented with atomic level observations on PME model behavior after performing molecular dynamics simulations at different temperatures. The inactivation kinetics of PME in buffer solutions was fitted using a first-order kinetics model, resulting in activation energy of 241.4±7.51 kJ mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Viorela Nistor
- "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Botez
- "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, 800201 Galati, Romania.
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Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that leaf wounding results in the synthesis of pectin methylesterase (PME), which causes the plant to release methanol into the air. Methanol emitted by a wounded plant increases the accumulation of methanol-inducible gene mRNA and enhances antibacterial resistance as well as cell-to-cell communication, which facilitates virus spreading in neighboring plants. We concluded that methanol is a signaling molecule involved in within-plant and plant-to-plant communication. Methanol is considered to be a poison in humans because of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-mediated conversion of methanol into toxic formaldehyde. However, recent data showed that methanol is a natural compound in normal, healthy humans. These data call into question whether human methanol is a metabolic waste product or whether methanol has specific function in humans. Here, to reveal human methanol-responsive genes (MRGs), we used suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA libraries of HeLa cells lacking ADH and exposed to methanol. This design allowed us to exclude genes involved in formaldehyde and formic acid detoxification from our analysis. We identified MRGs and revealed a correlation between increases in methanol content in the plasma and changes in human leukocyte MRG mRNA levels after fresh salad consumption by volunteers. Subsequently, we showed that the methanol generated by the pectin/PME complex in the gastrointestinal tract of mice induces the up- and downregulation of brain MRG mRNA. We used an adapted Y-maze to measure the locomotor behavior of the mice while breathing wounded plant vapors in two-choice assays. We showed that mice prefer the odor of methanol to other plant volatiles and that methanol changed MRG mRNA accumulation in the mouse brain. We hypothesize that the methanol emitted by wounded plants may have a role in plant-animal signaling. The known positive effect of plant food intake on human health suggests a role for physiological methanol in human gene regulation.
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Dorokhov YL, Komarova TV, Petrunia IV, Frolova OY, Pozdyshev DV, Gleba YY. Airborne signals from a wounded leaf facilitate viral spreading and induce antibacterial resistance in neighboring plants. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002640. [PMID: 22496658 PMCID: PMC3320592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants release airborne volatile compounds in response to wounding due to pathogenic assault. These compounds serve as plant defenses and are involved in plant signaling. Here, we study the effects of pectin methylesterase (PME)-generated methanol release from wounded plants ("emitters") on the defensive reactions of neighboring "receiver" plants. Plant leaf wounding resulted in the synthesis of PME and a spike in methanol released into the air. Gaseous methanol or vapors from wounded PME-transgenic plants induced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in the leaves of non-wounded neighboring "receiver" plants. In experiments with different volatile organic compounds, gaseous methanol was the only airborne factor that could induce antibacterial resistance in neighboring plants. In an effort to understand the mechanisms by which methanol stimulates the antibacterial resistance of "receiver" plants, we constructed forward and reverse suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA libraries from Nicotiana benthamiana plants exposed to methanol. We identified multiple methanol-inducible genes (MIGs), most of which are involved in defense or cell-to-cell trafficking. We then isolated the most affected genes for further analysis: β-1,3-glucanase (BG), a previously unidentified gene (MIG-21), and non-cell-autonomous pathway protein (NCAPP). Experiments with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and a vector encoding two tandem copies of green fluorescent protein as a tracer of cell-to-cell movement showed the increased gating capacity of plasmodesmata in the presence of BG, MIG-21, and NCAPP. The increased gating capacity is accompanied by enhanced TMV reproduction in the "receivers". Overall, our data indicate that methanol emitted by a wounded plant acts as a signal that enhances antibacterial resistance and facilitates viral spread in neighboring plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Development of an immunological toolbox to detect endogenous and exogenous pectin methylesterase in plant-based food products. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pectin methylesterase and its proteinaceous inhibitor: a review. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2583-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jolie RP, Duvetter T, Houben K, Clynen E, Sila DN, Van Loey AM, Hendrickx ME. Carrot pectin methylesterase and its inhibitor from kiwi fruit: Study of activity, stability and inhibition. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vandevenne E, Van Buggenhout S, Duvetter T, Brouwers E, Declerck PJ, Hendrickx ME, Van Loey A, Gils A. Development and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies as probes to assess the differences between two tomato pectin methylesterase isoenzymes. J Immunol Methods 2009; 349:18-27. [PMID: 19686752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) was purified from red ripe tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and through affinity chromatography two isoenzymes were fractionated (t1PME and t2PME). Further analysis of these two isoenzymes, both having a molar mass of 34.5kDa, revealed a difference in the N-terminal sequence and in amino acid composition. t1PME was identified as the major isoenzyme of PME in tomato fruit. In this study the aim was to develop a toolbox, consisting of monoclonal antibodies, that allows to gain insight into the in situ localization of PME in plant based food systems like tomatoes. A panel of six interesting monoclonal antibodies was raised against both isoenzymes, designated MA-TOM1-12E11, MA-TOM1-41B2, MA-TOM2-9H8, MA-TOM2-20G7, MA-TOM2-31H1 and MA-TOM2-38A11. The differences in epitopes between these monoclonal antibodies were determined using affinity tests towards denatured PME, cross-reactivity tests and inhibition tests. Characterization of these antibodies indicated an immunological difference between t1PME and t2PME, also revealing a conserved epitope on t2PME, carrot PME and strawberry PME. Different epitopes are recognized by the generated antibodies making them excellent probes for immunolocalization of PME by tissue printing. In tomato, t1PME and t2PME showed a pronounced co-localization, especially in the pericarp and the radial arms of the pericarp. Three of the generated antibodies could be used for immunolocalization of PME in carrots (Daucus carota L.), which was only present in the cortex and not in the vascular cylinder of carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Vandevenne
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhou L, Wu J, Hu X, Zhi X, Liao X. Alterations in the activity and structure of pectin methylesterase treated by high pressure carbon dioxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:1890-1895. [PMID: 19256556 DOI: 10.1021/jf803501q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) on the activity and structure of pectin methylesterase (PME) from orange was investigated. The pressures were 8-30 MPa, temperature 55 degrees C and time 10 min. HPCD caused significant inactivation on PME, the lowest residual activity was about 9.3% at 30 MPa. The SDS-PAGE electrophoretic behavior of HPCD-treated PME was not altered, while changes in the secondary and tertiary structures were found. The beta-structure fraction in the secondary structure decreased and the fluorescence intensity increased as HPCD pressures were elevated. After 7-day storage at 4 degrees C, no alteration of its activity and no reversion of its beta-structure fraction were observed, while its fluorescence intensity further decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Sila DN, Smout C, Satara Y, Truong V, Loey AV, Hendrickx M. Combined thermal and high pressure effect on carrot pectinmethylesterase stability and catalytic activity. J FOOD ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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From estrogens via alkaloids to enzymes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dorokhov YL, Skurat EV, Frolova OY, Gasanova TV, Ivanov PA, Ravin NV, Skryabin KG, Mäkinen KM, Klimyuk VI, Gleba YY, Atabekov JG. Role of the leader sequence in tobacco pectin methylesterase secretion. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3329-34. [PMID: 16709413 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that unprocessed tobacco pectin methylesterase (PME) contains N-terminal pro-sequence including the transmembrane (TM) domain and spacer segment preceding the mature PME. The mature portion of PME was replaced by green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and various deletion mutants of pro-sequence fused to GFP were cloned into binary vectors and agroinjected in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The PME pro-sequence delivered GFP to the cell wall (CW). We showed that a transient binding of PME TM domain to endoplasmic reticulum membranes occurs upon its transport to CW. The CW targeting was abolished by various deletions in the TM domain, i.e., anchor domain was essential for secretion of GFP to CW. By contrast, even entire deletion of the spacer segment had no influence on GFP targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- Department of Virology, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1, Laboratory Building A, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Markovic O, Janecek S. Pectin methylesterases: sequence-structural features and phylogenetic relationships. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2281-95. [PMID: 15337457 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are enzymes produced by bacteria, fungi and higher plants. They belong to the carbohydrate esterase family CE-8. This study deals with comparison of 127 amino acid sequences of this family containing the five characteristic sequence segments: 44_GxYxE, 113_QAVAL, 135_QDTL, 157_DFIFG, 223_LGRPW (Daucus carota numbering). Six strictly conserved residues (Gly44, Gly154, Asp157, Gly161, Arg225 and Trp227) and six conservative ones (Ile39, Ser86, Ser137, Ile152, Ile159 and Leu223) were identified. A set of 70 representative PMEs was created. The sequences were aligned and the evolutionary tree based on the alignment was calculated. The tree reflected the taxonomy: the fungal and bacterial PMEs formed their own clusters and the plant enzymes were grouped into eight separate clades. The plant PME from Vitis riparia was placed in a common clade with fungi. Three plant clades (Plant 1, 2 and 3) were relatively homogenous reflecting high degree of mutual sequence identity. The clade Plant 4 contained PMEs from flower parts (mostly form pollen) and was heterogenous, like the clades Plant 1a and 2a, which moreover exhibit an intermediate character. The clades Plant X1 and X2 were situated in the tree close to microbial clades and represented atypical plant PMEs. Taking into account the remaining plant PMEs, an expanded plant alignment and tree (with most Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa enzymes), were prepared. An exclusive Arabidopsis alignment and tree indicated the existence of a new plant clade X3. In the pre pro region of most plant enzymes a longer conserved segment containing basic dipeptide, R(K)/R(K), that precedes the N-terminal end of PME was revealed. This was not observed in the clade Plant X1 and majority of the clade Plant X2. This study brings further the description of occurrence of potential glycosylation sites in pre pro sequences and in mature enzymes as well as important amino acid residues, such as aspartates, cysteines, histidines and other aromatic residues (Tyr, Phe and Trp), with discussion of their possible function in the activity of PMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Markovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Giovane A, Servillo L, Balestrieri C, Raiola A, D'Avino R, Tamburrini M, Ciardiello MA, Camardella L. Pectin methylesterase inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1696:245-52. [PMID: 14871665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Accepted: 08/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) is the first enzyme acting on pectin, a major component of plant cell wall. PME action produces pectin with different structural and functional properties, having an important role in plant physiology. Regulation of plant PME activity is obtained by the differential expression of several isoforms in different tissues and developmental stages and by subtle modifications of cell wall local pH. Inhibitory activities from various plant sources have also been reported. A proteinaceous inhibitor of PME (PMEI) has been purified from kiwi fruit. The kiwi PMEI is active against plant PMEs, forming a 1:1 non-covalent complex. The polypeptide chain comprises 152 amino acid residues and contains five Cys residues, four of which are connected by disulfide bridges, first to second and third to fourth. The sequence shows significant similarity with the N-terminal pro-peptides of plant PME, and with plant invertase inhibitors. In particular, the four Cys residues involved in disulfide bridges are conserved. On the basis of amino acid sequence similarity and Cys residues conservation, a large protein family including PMEI, invertase inhibitors and related proteins of unknown function has been identified. The presence of at least two sequences in the Arabidopsis genome having high similarity with kiwi PMEI suggests the ubiquitous presence of this inhibitor. PMEI has an interest in food industry as inhibitor of endogenous PME, responsible for phase separation and cloud loss in fruit juice manufacturing. Affinity chromatography on resin-bound PMEI can also be used to concentrate and detect residual PME activity in fruit and vegetable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2nd University of Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, I-80138, Naples, Italy
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