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Benaglio P, Zhu H, Okino ML, Yan J, Elgamal R, Nariai N, Beebe E, Korgaonkar K, Qiu Y, Donovan MK, Chiou J, Wang G, Newsome J, Kaur J, Miller M, Preissl S, Corban S, Aylward A, Taipale J, Ren B, Frazer KA, Sander M, Gaulton KJ. Type 1 diabetes risk genes mediate pancreatic beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100214. [PMID: 36778047 PMCID: PMC9903835 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We combined functional genomics and human genetics to investigate processes that affect type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk by mediating beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines. We mapped 38,931 cytokine-responsive candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in beta cells using ATAC-seq and snATAC-seq and linked them to target genes using co-accessibility and HiChIP. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen in EndoC-βH1 cells, we identified 867 genes affecting cytokine-induced survival, and genes promoting survival and up-regulated in cytokines were enriched at T1D risk loci. Using SNP-SELEX, we identified 2,229 variants in cytokine-responsive cCREs altering transcription factor (TF) binding, and variants altering binding of TFs regulating stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were enriched for T1D risk. At the 16p13 locus, a fine-mapped T1D variant altering TF binding in a cytokine-induced cCRE interacted with SOCS1, which promoted survival in cytokine exposure. Our findings reveal processes and genes acting in beta cells during inflammation that modulate T1D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Benaglio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Lin Okino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ruth Elgamal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Naoki Nariai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisha Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katha Korgaonkar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunjiang Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacklyn Newsome
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sierra Corban
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Aylward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Genome-Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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The Function of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) as a Negative Regulator in Tumor Cell Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169365. [PMID: 36012631 PMCID: PMC9408851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor-suppressor gene that suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of tumors and increases sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we summarize information on the clinicopathological characteristics of tumor patients according to NDRG2 expression in various tumor tissues and provide information on the metastasis inhibition-related cell signaling modulation by NDRG2. Loss of NDRG2 expression is a prognostic factor that correlates with TNM grade and tumor metastasis and has an inverse relationship with patient survival in various tumor patients. NDRG2 inhibits cell signaling, such as AKT-, NF-κB-, STAT3-, and TGF-β-mediated signaling, to induce tumor metastasis, and induces activation of GSK-3β which has anti-tumor effects. Although NDRG2 operates as an adaptor protein to mediate the interaction between kinases and phosphatases, which is essential in regulating cell signaling related to tumor metastasis, the molecular mechanism of NDRG2 as an adapter protein does not seem to be fully elucidated. This review aims to assist the research design regarding NDRG2 function as an adaptor protein and suggests NDRG2 as a molecular target to inhibit tumor metastasis and improve the prognosis in tumor patients.
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Dirice E, Basile G, Kahraman S, Diegisser D, Hu J, Kulkarni RN. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing reveals singular gene signatures of human ductal cells during adaptation to insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153877. [PMID: 35819843 PMCID: PMC9462484 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to increased insulin demand is mediated by β cell proliferation and neogenesis, among other mechanisms. Although it is known that pancreatic β cells can arise from ductal progenitors, these observations have been limited mostly to the neonatal period. We have recently reported that the duct is a source of insulin-secreting cells in adult insulin-resistant states. To further explore the signaling pathways underlying the dynamic β cell reserve during insulin resistance, we undertook human islet and duct transplantations under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient NOD/SCID-γ (NSG) mouse models that were pregnant, were insulin-resistant, or had insulin resistance superimposed upon pregnancy (insulin resistance + pregnancy), followed by single-nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-Seq) on snap-frozen graft samples. We observed an upregulation of proliferation markers (e.g., NEAT1) and expression of islet endocrine cell markers (e.g., GCG and PPY), as well as mature β cell markers (e.g., INS), in transplanted human duct grafts in response to high insulin demand. We also noted downregulation of ductal cell identity genes (e.g., KRT19 and ONECUT2) coupled with upregulation of β cell development and insulin signaling pathways. These results indicate that subsets of ductal cells are able to gain β cell identity and reflect a form of compensation during the adaptation to insulin resistance in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, United States of America
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
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N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) Function as a Positive Regulator of Apoptosis: A New Insight into NDRG2 as a Tumor Suppressor. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102649. [PMID: 34685629 PMCID: PMC8534062 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor gene that increases tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs, slows tumor progression, and inhibits metastasis. NDRG2 is suppressed in various aggressive tumor positions, whereas NDRG2 expression is associated with patient prognosis, such as an improved survival rate. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressor mechanism of NDRG2 and provide information on the function of NDRG2 concerning the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. NDRG2 increases the susceptibility to apoptosis in various physiological environments of cells, such as development, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and cancer drug treatment. Although the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of NDRG2 have not been fully elucidated, we provide information on the mechanisms of NDRG2 in relation to apoptosis in various environments. This review can assist the design of research regarding NDRG2 function and suggests the potential of NDRG2 as a molecular target for cancer patients.
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Cui Y, Shen G, Ma L, Lv Q. Overexpression of NDRG2 promotes the therapeutic effect of pazopanib on ovarian cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:546-552. [PMID: 33050824 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1831536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiubo Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As a member of the N-myc down-regulated gene family, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) contributes to the tumorigenesis of various types of cancers. However, the correlation between NDRG2 expression and the prognosis of solid tumor remains to be elucidated because of small sample sizes and inconsistent results in previous studies. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the prognostic significance of NDRG2 in human solid tumors. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases (up to April 2020) were searched for relevant studies that evaluated the impact of NDRG2 on clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), in solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the association between NDRG2 expression and the survival of patients with solid tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were pooled to estimate the correlation between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in the patients. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible studies with 1980 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Low NDRG2 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.60-2.40, P < .001) and DFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.42-5.13, P = .002) in solid tumor. Furthermore, low NDRG2 expression was related to some phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as clinical stage (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.96-5.26, P < .001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.49-3.07, P < .001), and degree of differentiation (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS NDRG2 may be a meaningful biomarker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gu
- Nursing Department, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Mir BA, Mason SA, May AK, Russell AP, Foletta VC. Overexpression of NDRG2 in skeletal muscle does not ameliorate the effects of stress in vivo. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1326-1338. [PMID: 32468595 DOI: 10.1113/ep088620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do elevated levels of the stress-response protein NDRG2 protect against fasting and chronic disease in mouse skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? NDRG2 levels increased in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to fasting and the effects of motor neurone disease. No alleviation of the stress-related and proteasomal pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction or muscle mass loss was observed even with the addition of exogenous NDRG2 indicating that the increase in NDRG2 is a normal adaptive response. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction can arise from stress, which leads to enhanced protein degradation and metabolic impairment. The expression of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is induced in response to different stressors and is protective against the effects of stress in some tissues and cell types. Here, we investigated the endogenous NDRG2 response to the stress of fasting and chronic disease in mice and whether exogenous NDRG2 overexpression through adeno-associated viral (AAV) treatment ameliorated the response of skeletal muscle to these conditions. Endogenous levels of NDRG2 increased in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to 24 h fasting and with the development of the motor neurone disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Despite AAV-induced overexpression and increased expression with fasting, NDRG2 was unable to protect against the activation of proteasomal and stress pathways in response to fasting. Furthermore, NDRG2 was unable to reduce muscle mass loss, mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in SOD1G93A mice. Conversely, elevated NDRG2 levels did not exacerbate these stress responses. Overall, increasing NDRG2 levels might not be a useful therapeutic strategy to alleviate stress-related disease pathologies in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Mir
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony K May
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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NDRG2 gene expression pattern in ovarian cancer and its specific roles in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and suppressing cancer cell apoptosis. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:48. [PMID: 32345304 PMCID: PMC7189606 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cancer cell metastasis and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance remain huge challenge for ovarian cancer treatment. Previously, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) serves as a tumor suppressor for many cancers. Here, we attempted to investigate the specific roles of NDRG2 in ovarian cancer. Methods The expression levels of NDRG2 were detected by qRT-PCR or Immunoblotting. CCK-8 assay was employed to examine the cell viability of ovarian cancer cells. The colony formation ability was determined by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect the cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Xenograft tumor assay was performed to detect the in vivo function of NDRG2. Results We revealed that NDRG2 mRNA expression and protein levels were downregulated within both ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of NDRG2 dramatically inhibited the cell viability and colony formation and tumor growth, whereas promoted the cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in G1 phase within ovarian cancer cells. More importantly, NDRG2 overexpression significantly enhanced the suppressive roles of cisplatin (DDP) in ovarian cancer cell viability. On the contrary, NDRG2 silence exerted opposing effects on ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions In summary, we provide a solid experimental basis demonstrating the tumor-suppressive effects of NDRG2 in inhibiting the cell proliferation, enhancing the cell apoptosis, eliciting the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, and promoting the suppressive effects of DDP on the viability of ovarian cancer cells. NDRG2 administration presents a potent adjuvant treatment for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Hu W, Yang Y, Fan C, Ma Z, Deng C, Li T, Lv J, Yao W, Gao J. Clinical and pathological significance of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in diverse human cancers. Apoptosis 2018; 21:675-82. [PMID: 27113371 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), located at chromosome 14q11.2, has been reported to be down-regulated and associated with the progression and prognosis of diverse cancers. Collectively, previous studies suggest that NDRG2 functions as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene; thus, up-regulation of NDRG2 protein might act as a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors. The aim of this review was to comprehensively present the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Zhang M, Liu X, Wang Q, Ru Y, Xiong X, Wu K, Yao L, Li X. NDRG2 acts as a PERK co-factor to facilitate PERK branch and ERS-induced cell death. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3670-3681. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zunyi Medical College; China
| | - Qinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Gastroenterology; Xijing Hospital; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Libo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
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Zhang M, Ren B, Li Z, Niu W, Wang Y. Expression of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 in Bladder Cancer and Its Potential Utility as a Urinary Diagnostic Biomarker. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4644-4649. [PMID: 28953854 PMCID: PMC5627538 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial diagnosis of carcinoma of the urinary bladder remains challenging. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) has been reported to be closely correlated with cell differentiation and proliferation in various cancers. However, its clinical significance in diagnosis of bladder cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to detect the expression of NDRG2 and investigate its diagnostic value in bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 127 patients with bladder cancer and 97 healthy controls. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis were conducted to measure the NDRG2 expression levels in urine of patients with bladder cancer, bladder cancer cell lines, and healthy controls. The correlations between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed by chi-square test, and the diagnostic value of NDRG2 was estimated by establishing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The relative NDRG2 expression were significantly downregulated both at mRNA and protein levels in urine of patients with bladder cancer and in cell lines, and its low expression was distinctively correlated with tumor grade and stage. The ROC curve showed NDRG2 could be a good diagnostic marker, with an AUC of 0.888, indicating high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS NDRG2 was decreased in patients with bladder cancer and might be involved in the progression of this malignancy. Moreover, NDRG2 could be a potential independent diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shangdong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of Operation, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Supply, Jinan First People's Hospital, Jinan, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Supply, Jinan First People's Hospital, Jinan, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yueling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shangdong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (mainland)
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Emerging role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:209-23. [PMID: 26506239 PMCID: PMC4807993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the expression as well as the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in cancer. The pathological processes and molecular pathways regulated by NDRG2 are also summarized. Moreover, mechanisms for increasing NDRG2 expression in tumors and the potential directions of future NDRG2 research are discussed. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental design and increase the potential of NDRG2 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Anderson KJ, Russell AP, Foletta VC. NDRG2 promotes myoblast proliferation and caspase 3/7 activities during differentiation, and attenuates hydrogen peroxide - But not palmitate-induced toxicity. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:668-81. [PMID: 26380811 PMCID: PMC4556729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the stress-responsive N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in the control of myoblast growth, and the amino acids contributing to its function, are not well characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of increased NDRG2 levels on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells under basal and stress conditions. NDRG2 overexpression increased C2C12 myoblast proliferation and the expression of positive cell cycle regulators, cdk2, cyclin B and cyclin D, and phosphorylation of Rb, while the serine/threonine-deficient NDRG2, 3A-NDRG2, had less effect. The onset of differentiation was enhanced by NDRG2 as determined through the myogenic regulatory factor expression profiles and myocyte fusion index. However, the overall level of differentiation in myotubes was not different. While NDRG2 up-regulated caspase 3/7 activities during differentiation, no increase in apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay or through cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP proteins. During H2O2 treatment to induce oxidative stress, NDRG2 helped protect against the loss of proliferation and ER stress as measured by GRP78 expression with 3A-NDRG2 displaying less protection. NDRG2 also attenuated apoptosis by reducing cleavage of PARP and caspase 3 and expression of pro-apoptotic Bax while enhancing the pro-survival Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels. In contrast, Mcl-1 was not altered, and NDRG2 did not protect against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity. Our findings show that NDRG2 overexpression increases myoblast proliferation and caspase 3/7 activities without increasing overall differentiation. Furthermore, NDRG2 attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress and specific serine and threonine amino acid residues appear to contribute to its function in muscle cells.
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Key Words
- Acta1, skeletal muscle alpha-actin
- Akt, thymoma viral proto-oncogene
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2
- Bcl-xL, Bcl-2-like 1
- Caspase, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- Cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- Ckm, muscle creatine kinase
- Differentiation
- ER stress
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Lipotoxicity
- MRFs, myogenic regulatory factors
- Mcl-1, myeloid cell leukemia 1
- Myf5, myogenic factor 5
- Myh7, myosin, heavy polypeptide 7
- MyoD, myogenic differentiation
- Myoblast
- Myotube
- NDRG2
- NDRG2, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2
- Oxidative stress
- PA, palmitate
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member
- PKCθ, protein kinase C theta
- Proliferation
- Rb, retinoblastoma
- SGK1, serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1
- p21, p21 waf1/cip1
- p27, p27 kip1
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J Anderson
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Inhibition of N-myc Downstream–regulated Gene-2 Is Involved in an Astrocyte-specific Neuroprotection Induced by Sevoflurane Preconditioning. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:549-62. [PMID: 24866406 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Mechanism of sevoflurane preconditioning–induced cerebral ischemic tolerance is unclear. This study investigates the role of N-myc downstream–regulated gene-2 (NDRG2) in the neuroprotection of sevoflurane preconditioning in ischemic model both in vivo and in vitro.
Methods:
At 2 h after sevoflurane (2%) preconditioning for 1 h, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 min. Neurobehavioral scores (n = 10), infarct volumes (n = 10), cellular apoptosis (n = 6), and NDRG2 expression (n = 6) were determined at 24 h after reperfusion. In vitro, cultural astrocytes were exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation for 4 h. Cellular viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and NDRG2 expression (n = 6) were evaluated in the presence or absence of NDRG2-specific small interfering RNA or NDRG2 overexpression plasmid.
Results:
Sevoflurane preconditioning decreased apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nick-end labeling–positive cells reduced to 31.2 ± 5.3% and cleaved Caspase-3 reduced to 1.42 ± 0.21 fold) and inhibited NDRG2 expression (1.28 ± 0.15 fold) and nuclear translocation (2.21 ± 0.29 fold) in ischemic penumbra. Similar effects were observed in cultural astrocytes exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation. NDRG2 knockdown by small interfering RNA attenuated oxygen–glucose deprivation–induced injury (cell viability increased to 80.5 ± 4.1%; lactate dehydrogenase release reduced to 30.5 ± 4.0%) and cellular apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3 reduced to 1.55 ± 0.21 fold; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nick-end labeling–positive cells reduced to 18.2 ± 4.3%), whereas NDRG2 overexpression reversed the protective effects of sevoflurane preconditioning. All the data are presented as mean ± SD.
Conclusion:
Sevoflurane preconditioning inhibits NDRG2 up-regulation and nuclear translocation in astrocytes to induce cerebral ischemic tolerance via antiapoptosis, which represents one new mechanism of sevoflurane preconditioning and provides a novel target for neuroprotection.
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15
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Ma J, Liu W, Guo H, Li S, Cao W, Du X, Lei S, Hou W, Xiong L, Yao L, Li N, Li Y. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 expression is associated with glucose transport and correlated with prognosis in breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R27. [PMID: 24636131 PMCID: PMC4053222 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a novel tumour suppressor and cell stress-related gene, is involved in many cell metabolic processes, such as hormone, ion and fluid metabolism. We investigated whether NDRG2 is involved in any glucose-dependent energy metabolism, as well as the nature of its correlation with breast carcinoma. Methods The correlations between NDRG2 expression and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in clinical breast carcinoma tissues were analysed. The effects of NDRG2 on glucose uptake were assessed in breast cancer cells and xenograft tumours. The consequences of NDRG2-induced regulation of GLUT1 at the transcription and translation levels and the interaction between NDRG2 and GLUT1 were examined. Results Data derived from clinical breast carcinoma specimens revealed that (1) patients with high NDRG2 expression had better disease-free survival and overall survival than those with low NDRG2 expression and (2) NDRG2 expression was negatively correlated with GLUT1 expression in these breast carcinoma tissues. NDRG2 inhibited glucose uptake by promoting GLUT1 protein degradation without affecting GLUT1 transcription in both breast cancer cells and xenograft tumours. In addition, NDRG2 protein interacted and partly colocalised with GLUT1 protein in cell cytoplasm areas. Conclusions The results of our study support the notion that NDRG2 plays an important role in tumour glucose metabolism, in which GLUT1 is a likely candidate contributor to glucose uptake suppression and tumour growth. Targeting the actions of NDRG2 in cell glucose-dependent energy delivery may provide an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention in human breast carcinoma.
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16
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Foletta VC, Brown EL, Cho Y, Snow RJ, Kralli A, Russell AP. Ndrg2 is a PGC-1α/ERRα target gene that controls protein synthesis and expression of contractile-type genes in C2C12 myotubes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:3112-3123. [PMID: 24008097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The stress-responsive, tumor suppressor N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) is highly expressed in striated muscle. In response to anabolic and catabolic signals, Ndrg2 is suppressed and induced, respectively, in mouse C2C12 myotubes. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating Ndrg2 expression in muscle, as well as the biological role for Ndrg2 in differentiated myotubes. Here, we show that Ndrg2 is a target of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) transcriptional program and is induced in response to endurance exercise, a physiological stress known also to increase PGC-1α/ERRα activity. Analyses of global gene and protein expression profiles in C2C12 myotubes with reduced levels of NDRG2, suggest that NDRG2 affects muscle growth, contractile properties, MAPK signaling, ion and vesicle transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Indeed, suppression of NDRG2 in myotubes increased protein synthesis and the expression of fast glycolytic myosin heavy chain isoforms, while reducing the expression of embryonic myosin Myh3, other contractile-associated genes and the MAPK p90 RSK1. Conversely, enhanced expression of NDRG2 reduced protein synthesis, and furthermore, partially blocked the increased protein synthesis rates elicited by a constitutively active form of ERRα. In contrast, suppressing or increasing levels of NDRG2 did not affect mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis that are regulated by PGC-1α or ERRα. This study shows that in C2C12 myotubes Ndrg2 is a novel PGC-1α/ERRα transcriptional target, which influences protein turnover and the regulation of genes involved in muscle contraction and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Foletta
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia.
| | - Erin L Brown
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rod J Snow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
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17
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Qu X, Shen L, Zheng Y, Cui Y, Feng Z, Liu F, Liu J. A signal transduction pathway from TGF-β1 to SKP2 via Akt1 and c-Myc and its correlation with progression in human melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:159-167. [PMID: 23792459 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) play important roles in cancer metastasis through different mechanisms: TGF-β1 via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and SKP2 via downregulating p27(kip1). Recent studies indicated that c-Myc and Akt1 were active players in metastasis. In this study we demonstrated a crosstalk between these pathways. Specifically, we found that TGF-β1 treatment increased SKP2 expression accompanied with increased phosphorylation of Akt1 and c-Myc protein accumulation during EMT. We demonstrated that Akt1 was required for TGF-β1-mediated SKP2 upregulation and that c-Myc transcription factor specifically bound to the promoter of SKP2 for its enhanced transcription. Analysis of 25 samples of normal human skin, nevi, and melanomas revealed a positive correlation between c-Myc and SKP2 accumulation. Furthermore, accumulation of SKP2 and c-Myc proteins was significantly higher in metastatic melanoma samples as compared with that in primary melanomas, which again was higher than that in normal skin or nevi. In summary, our results integrated TGF-β1 signals to SKP2 via Akt1 and c-Myc during EMT, and provided, to our knowledge, a previously unreported mechanistic molecular event for TGF-β1-induced metastasis in human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qu
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical School, Irvine, California, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical School, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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18
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He X, Fuller C, Song Y, Meng Q, Zhang B, Yang X, Li H. Sherlock: detecting gene-disease associations by matching patterns of expression QTL and GWAS. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:667-80. [PMID: 23643380 PMCID: PMC3644637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mapping of complex diseases to date depends on variations inside or close to the genes that perturb their activities. A strong body of evidence suggests that changes in gene expression play a key role in complex diseases and that numerous loci perturb gene expression in trans. The information in trans variants, however, has largely been ignored in the current analysis paradigm. Here we present a statistical framework for genetic mapping by utilizing collective information in both cis and trans variants. We reason that for a disease-associated gene, any genetic variation that perturbs its expression is also likely to influence the disease risk. Thus, the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of the gene, which constitute a unique "genetic signature," should overlap significantly with the set of loci associated with the disease. We translate this idea into a computational algorithm (named Sherlock) to search for gene-disease associations from GWASs, taking advantage of independent eQTL data. Application of this strategy to Crohn disease and type 2 diabetes predicts a number of genes with possible disease roles, including several predictions supported by solid experimental evidence. Importantly, predicted genes are often implicated by multiple trans eQTL with moderate associations. These genes are far from any GWAS association signals and thus cannot be identified from the GWAS alone. Our approach allows analysis of association data from a new perspective and is applicable to any complex phenotype. It is readily generalizable to molecular traits other than gene expression, such as metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Lane Center of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chris K. Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qingying Meng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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19
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Guo Y, Ma J, Wu L, Wang Q, Li X, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yao L, Zhang J, Liu W. Hyperthermia-induced NDRG2 upregulation inhibits the invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma via suppressing ERK1/2 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61079. [PMID: 23630579 PMCID: PMC3632536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) has been proven to be able to alter the invasion capacity of cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanisms responsible for the anti-metastasis effects of HT have not been elucidated. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), as a member of the NDRG family, has been suggested to be highly responsive to various stresses and is associated with tumor suppression. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role of NDRG2 in the invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exposed to HT. We found that NDRG2 could be induced by HT at 45°C. In addition, NDRG2 overexpression inhibited the expression of matrix metallo proteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 as well as the invasion of HCC cells, whereas knockingdown NDRG2 reversed the anti-invasion effect of HT in vivo. Further investigation revealed that the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, but not that of JNK and p38MAPK, was reduced in NDRG2 overexpressing cells. Moreover, the knockdown of NDRG2 expression resulted in increased cell invasion, which was rescued by treating the HepG2 cells with the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, but not with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Finally, the synergistic cooperation of HT at 43°C and NDRG2 expression effectively reduced cytotoxicity and promoted the anti-invasion effect of HT at 45°C. Taken together, these data suggest that NDRG2 can be induced by HT and that it mediates the HT-caused inhibition of invasion in HCC cells by suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The combined application of constitutive NDRG2 expression with HT may yield an optimized therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianrong Wang
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Libo Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
- Experiment Teaching Center, School of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (WL)
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (WL)
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Tao Y, Guo Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Li X, Shen L, Ru Y, Xue Y, Zheng J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yao L. AKT inhibitor suppresses hyperthermia-induced Ndrg2 phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:394-404. [PMID: 23558861 PMCID: PMC3854405 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is one of the most effective adjuvant treatments for various cancers
with few side effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still are not
known. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor
suppressor, has been shown to be involved in diverse cellular stresses including
hypoxia, lipotoxicity, etc. In addition, Ndrg2 has been reported to be related to
progression of gastric cancer. In the current study, our data showed that the
apoptosis rate of MKN28 cells increased relatively rapidly to 13.4% by 24 h after
treatment with hyperthermia (42°C for 1 h) compared to 5.1% in control cells (P <
0.05). Nevertheless, there was no obvious change in the expression level of total
Ndrg2 during this process. Further investigation demonstrated that the relative
phosphorylation levels of Ndrg2 at Ser332, Thr348 increased up to 3.2- and 1.9-fold
(hyperthermia group vs control group) at 3 h in MKN28 cells,
respectively (P < 0.05). We also found that heat treatment significantly increased
AKT phosphorylation. AKT inhibitor VIII (10 µM) decreased the phosphorylation level
of Ndrg2 induced by hyperthermia. Accordingly, the apoptosis rate rose significantly
in MKN28 cells (16.4%) treated with a combination of AKT inhibitor VIII and
hyperthermia compared to that (6.8%) of cells treated with hyperthermia alone (P <
0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrated that Ndrg2 phosphorylation could be
induced by hyperthermia in an AKT-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells.
Furthermore, AKT inhibitor VIII suppressed Ndrg2 phosphorylation and rendered gastric
cancer cells susceptible to apoptosis induced by hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Tao
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Shao S, Yang Y, Yuan G, Zhang M, Yu X. Signaling molecules involved in lipid-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:41-9. [PMID: 23347443 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is partially due to the rising obesity rates and the elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). It is known that FFAs are putative mediators of beta-cell dysfunction, which is characterized with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased apoptosis, being defined as lipotoxicity. To date, many factors and their related signal pathways have been reported to be involved in FFA-induced beta-cell dysfunction. However, the entire blueprint is still not obtained. Some essential and newfound effectors, including the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), forkhead box-containing protein O (FoxO) 1, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L (UCHL) 1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) 2, perilipin family proteins, silent information regulator 2 protein 1 (Sirt1), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and ghrelin are described in this review, which may help to further understand the molecular network for lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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22
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NDRG2: a newly identified mediator of insulin cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:341. [PMID: 23463182 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Kim JT, Kim JW, Kang YH, Kim KD, Lee SJ, Choi SC, Kim KS, Chae SK, Kim JW, Lim JS, Lee HG. NDRG2 and PRA1 interact and synergistically inhibit T-cell factor/β-catenin signaling. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3962-8. [PMID: 23068607 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
NDRG2 is a member of the N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) family, implicated in cell growth and differentiation. Investigation of NDRG2 molecular interactions by yeast two-hybrid screening identified prenylated Rab acceptor-1 (PRA1), involved in vesicle trafficking and protein transport, as binding partner. Binding of NDRG2 (and NDRG1-4) with PRA1 in vitro was confirmed by GST pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation, and colocalization was verified by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells. Intracellular coexpression showed that NDRG2 and PRA1 synergistically downregulate T-cell factor (TCF) promoter activity and GSK3β phosphorylation. Results suggest that NDRG2 and PRA1 might act synergistically to prevent signaling of TCF/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tae Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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24
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The role of fatty acid metabolism and lipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cell injury: Identification of potential therapeutic targets. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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25
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Li H, Song Y, Zhang LJ, Li FF, Gu Y, Zhang J, Dong WP, Xue L, Zhang LY, Liu F, Wang J, Jiang LN, Ye J, Li Q. Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector b (Cideb) is present in pancreatic beta-cells and involved in palmitate induced beta-cell apoptosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:145-55. [PMID: 21948526 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the pancreatic islets is associated with beta cell dysfunction and ultimately contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been well proved that the cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector b (Cideb) is involved in cell apoptosis and lipid metabolism. However, the expression and function of Cideb in endocrine pancreas remain to be investigated. METHODS By using reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, we observed the expression of Cideb in pancreas tissues and clonal beta-cell lines. The physiological role of Cideb was examined under the free fatty acid (FFA) administration and Cideb ribonucleic acid interference, and further analysis on apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling assay and caspase-3 activity. Nile red staining and quantitative evaluation of triglyceride were used to detect the lipid accumulation. The changes in esterification of FFA were traced by radiolabelled palmitate. RESULTS Cideb was abundantly expressed in pancreas and mainly localized in beta cells. FFAs, especially palmitate, induced an obvious increase of Cideb expression in beta cell lines. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of Cideb increased the apoptosis, whereas ribonucleic acid interference-based Cideb depletion in beta-TC3 cells had no effect on apoptosis in normal condition. Palmitate supplementation led to beta cell lipoapoptosis, and Cideb silencing exacerbated the apoptosis induced by palmitate, reduced intracellular triglyceride content and aggravated FFA overload in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that increased Cideb expression upon palmitate exposure may be involved in beta cell lipoapoptosis through its influence on conversion of FFAs to lipid esters in lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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