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Borriello G, Buonincontri V, de Donato A, Della Corte M, Gravina I, Iulianiello P, Joshi R, Mone P, Cacciola G, Viggiano D. The interplay between sodium/glucose cotransporter type 2 and mitochondrial ionic environment. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101878. [PMID: 38599300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial volume is maintained through the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane by a specific aquaporin and the osmotic balance between the mitochondrial matrix and cellular cytoplasm. Various electrolytes, such as calcium and hydrogen ions, potassium, and sodium, as well as other osmotic substances, affect the swelling of mitochondria. Intracellular glucose levels may also affect mitochondrial swelling, although the relationship between mitochondrial ion homeostasis and intracellular glucose is poorly understood. This article reviews what is currently known about how the Sodium-Glucose transporter (SGLT) may impact mitochondrial sodium (Na+) homeostasis. SGLTs regulate intracellular glucose and sodium levels and, therefore, interfere with mitochondrial ion homeostasis because mitochondrial Na+ is closely linked to cytoplasmic calcium and sodium dynamics. Recently, a large amount of data has been available on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on mitochondria in different cell types, including renal proximal tubule cells, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, neuronal cells, and cardiac cells. The current evidence suggests that SGLT inhibitors (SGLTi) may affect mitochondrial dynamics regarding intracellular Sodium and hydrogen ions. Although the regulation of mitochondrial ion channels by SGLTs is still in its infancy, the evidence accumulated thus far of the effect of SGLTi on mitochondrial functions certainly will foster further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Borriello
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio de Donato
- Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Ariano Irpino, AV, Italy
| | - Michele Della Corte
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Gravina
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Iulianiello
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rashmi Joshi
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy; Casa di cura privata Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciola
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. Campania, "L Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Xia H, Zahra A, Jia M, Wang Q, Wang Y, Campbell SL, Wu J. Na +/H + Exchanger 1, a Potential Therapeutic Drug Target for Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070875. [PMID: 35890170 PMCID: PMC9318128 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is defined as increased heart mass in response to increased hemodynamic requirements. Long-term cardiac hypertrophy, if not counteracted, will ultimately lead to heart failure. The incidence of heart failure is related to myocardial infarction, which could be salvaged by reperfusion and ultimately invites unfavorable myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are membrane transporters that exchange one intracellular proton for one extracellular Na+. The first discovered NHE isoform, NHE1, is expressed almost ubiquitously in all tissues, especially in the myocardium. During myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, NHE1 catalyzes increased uptake of intracellular Na+, which in turn leads to Ca2+ overload and subsequently myocardial injury. Numerous preclinical research has shown that NHE1 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, but the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the potential role of NHE1 in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.X.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aqeela Zahra
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.X.); (A.Z.)
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (M.J.); (Q.W.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (M.J.); (Q.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yunfu Wang
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 440070, China;
| | - Susan L. Campbell
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.X.); (A.Z.)
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (M.J.); (Q.W.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence:
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Alleviation of liver cirrhosis and associated portal-hypertension by Astragalus species in relation to their UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiles: a mechanistic study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11884. [PMID: 35831335 PMCID: PMC9279505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by excessive fibrous deposition triggering portal-hypertension (PH); the prime restrainer for cirrhosis-related complications. Remedies that can dually oppose hepatic fibrosis and lower PH, may prevent progression into decompensated-cirrhosis. Different Astragalus-species members have shown antifibrotic and diuretic actions with possible subsequent PH reduction. However, A.spinosus and A.trigonus were poorly tested for eliciting these actions. Herein, A.spinosus and A.trigonus roots and aerial parts extracts were subjected to comprehensive metabolic-fingerprinting using UHPLC-MS/MS resulting in 56 identified phytoconstituents, followed by chemometric untargeted analysis that revealed variable metabolic profiles exemplified by different species and organ types. Consequently, tested extracts were in-vivo evaluated for potential antifibrotic/anticirrhotic activity by assessing specific markers. The mechanistic prospective to induce diuresis was investigated by analyzing plasma aldosterone and renal-transporters gene-expression. Serum apelin and dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase-1 were measured to indicate the overall effect on PH. All extracts amended cirrhosis and PH to varying extents and induced diuresis via different mechanisms. Further, An OPLS model was built to generate a comprehensive metabolic-profiling of A.spinosus and A.trigonus secondary-metabolites providing a chemical-based evidence for their efficacious consistency. In conclusion, A.spinosus and A.trigonus organs comprised myriad pharmacologically-active constituents that act synergistically to ameliorate cirrhosis and associated PH.
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Nikolovska K, Seidler UE, Stock C. The Role of Plasma Membrane Sodium/Hydrogen Exchangers in Gastrointestinal Functions: Proliferation and Differentiation, Fluid/Electrolyte Transport and Barrier Integrity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:899286. [PMID: 35665228 PMCID: PMC9159811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.899286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The five plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) isoforms in the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by distinct cellular localization, tissue distribution, inhibitor sensitivities, and physiological regulation. NHE1 (Slc9a1) is ubiquitously expressed along the gastrointestinal tract in the basolateral membrane of enterocytes, but so far, an exclusive role for NHE1 in enterocyte physiology has remained elusive. NHE2 (Slc9a2) and NHE8 (Slc9a8) are apically expressed isoforms with ubiquitous distribution along the colonic crypt axis. They are involved in pHi regulation of intestinal epithelial cells. Combined use of a knockout mouse model, intestinal organoid technology, and specific inhibitors revealed previously unrecognized actions of NHE2 and NHE8 in enterocyte proliferation and differentiation. NHE3 (Slc9a3), expressed in the apical membrane of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells, functions as the predominant nutrient-independent Na+ absorptive mechanism in the gut. The new selective NHE3 inhibitor (Tenapanor) allowed discovery of novel pathophysiological and drug-targetable NHE3 functions in cystic-fibrosis associated intestinal obstructions. NHE4, expressed in the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, is essential for parietal cell integrity and acid secretory function, through its role in cell volume regulation. This review focuses on the expression, regulation and activity of the five plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchangers in the gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing their role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, or their impact on disease pathogenesis. We point to major open questions in identifying NHE interacting partners in central cellular pathways and processes and the necessity of determining their physiological role in a system where their endogenous expression/activity is maintained, such as organoids derived from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Mizuno T, Satoh N, Horita S, Tsukada H, Takagi M, Sato Y, Kume H, Nangaku M, Nakamura M. Oxidized alkyl phospholipids stimulate sodium transport in proximal tubules via a non-genomic PPARγ-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101681. [PMID: 35124009 PMCID: PMC8892145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic effects in numerous biological contexts. For example, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (azPC), an oxidized phospholipid formed from alkyl phosphatidylcholines, is a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) nuclear receptor agonist. Although it has been reported that PPARγ agonists including thiazolidinediones can induce plasma volume expansion by enhancing renal sodium and water retention, the role of azPC in renal transport functions is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of azPC on renal proximal tubule (PT) transport using isolated PTs and kidney cortex tissues and also investigated the effect of azPC on renal sodium handling in vivo. We showed using a microperfusion technique that azPC rapidly stimulated Na+/HCO3− cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) and luminal Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activities in a dose-dependent manner at submicromolar concentrations in isolated PTs from rats and humans. The rapid effects (within a few minutes) suggest that azPC activates NBCe1 and NHE via nongenomic signaling. The stimulatory effects were completely blocked by specific PPARγ antagonist GW9662, ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059, and CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate. Treatment with an siRNA against PPAR gamma completely blocked the stimulation of both NBCe1 and NHE by azPC. Moreover, azPC induced ERK phosphorylation in rat and human kidney cortex tissues, which were completely suppressed by GW9662 and PD98059 treatments. These results suggest that azPC stimulates renal PT sodium-coupled bicarbonate transport via a CD36/PPARγ/mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase/ERK pathway. We conclude that the stimulatory effects of azPC on PT transport may be partially involved in volume expansion.
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Al-Shamasi AA, Elkaffash R, Mohamed M, Rayan M, Al-Khater D, Gadeau AP, Ahmed R, Hasan A, Eldassouki H, Yalcin HC, Abdul-Ghani M, Mraiche F. Crosstalk between Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors and Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1 and 3 in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12677. [PMID: 34884494 PMCID: PMC8657861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality in glucose homeostasis due to hyperglycemia or insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These metabolic abnormalities in T2DM lead to cellular dysfunction and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure. New antihyperglycemic agents including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to attenuate endothelial dysfunction at the cellular level. In addition, they improved cardiovascular safety by exhibiting cardioprotective effects. The mechanism by which these drugs exert their cardioprotective effects is unknown, although recent studies have shown that cardiovascular homeostasis occurs through the interplay of the sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHE), specifically NHE1 and NHE3, with SGLT2i. Another theoretical explanation for the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i is through natriuresis by the kidney. This theory highlights the possible involvement of renal NHE transporters in the management of heart failure. This review outlines the possible mechanisms responsible for causing diabetic cardiomyopathy and discusses the interaction between NHE and SGLT2i in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Anood Al-Shamasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Rozina Elkaffash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Meram Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Menatallah Rayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Dhabya Al-Khater
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Bordeaux, U1034 Pessac, France;
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.H.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.A.); (A.H.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Hussein Eldassouki
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada;
| | | | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 7703, USA;
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.-A.A.-S.); (R.E.); (M.M.); (M.R.); (D.A.-K.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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de las Heras N, Galiana A, Ballesteros S, Olivares-Álvaro E, Fuller PJ, Lahera V, Martín-Fernández B. Proanthocyanidins Maintain Cardiac Ionic Homeostasis in Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179602. [PMID: 34502509 PMCID: PMC8431754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess aldosterone promotes pathological remodeling of the heart and imbalance in cardiac ion homeostasis of sodium, potassium and calcium. Novel treatment with proanthocyanidins in aldosterone-treated rats has resulted in downregulation of cardiac SGK1, the main genomic aldosterone-induced intracellular mediator of ion handling. It therefore follows that proanthocyanidins could be modulating cardiac ion homeostasis in aldosterone-treated rats. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1 mg kg−1 day−1) +1% NaCl for three weeks. Half of the animals in each group were simultaneously treated with the proanthocyanidins-rich extract (80% w/w) (PRO80, 5 mg kg−1 day−1). PRO80 prevented cardiac hypertrophy and decreased calcium content. Expression of ion channels (ROMK, NHE1, NKA and NCX1) and calcium transient mediators (CAV1.2, pCaMKII and oxCaMKII) were reduced by PRO80 treatment in aldosterone-treated rats. To conclude, our data indicate that PRO80 may offer an alternative treatment to conventional MR-blockade in the prevention of aldosterone-induced cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia de las Heras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Adrián Galiana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Elena Olivares-Álvaro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Peter J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-291-000 (ext. 3650)
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Pizzagalli MD, Bensimon A, Superti‐Furga G. A guide to plasma membrane solute carrier proteins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2784-2835. [PMID: 32810346 PMCID: PMC8246967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently includes 458 transport proteins in 65 families that carry a wide variety of substances across cellular membranes. While members of this superfamily are found throughout cellular organelles, this review focuses on transporters expressed at the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, SLC proteins may be viewed as gatekeepers of the cellular milieu, dynamically responding to different metabolic states. With altered metabolism being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we also briefly review the roles that surface SLC proteins play in the development and progression of cancer through their influence on regulating metabolism and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D. Pizzagalli
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ariel Bensimon
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Giulio Superti‐Furga
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
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Ciarimboli G, Theil G, Bialek J, Edemir B. Contribution and Expression of Organic Cation Transporters and Aquaporin Water Channels in Renal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:81-104. [PMID: 32772272 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The body homeostasis is maintained mainly by the function of the kidneys, which regulate salt and water balance and excretion of metabolism waste products and xenobiotics. This important renal function is determined by the action of many transport systems, which are specifically expressed in the different parts of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidneys. These transport systems are involved, for example, in the reabsorption of sodium, glucose, and other important solutes and peptides from the primary urine. They are also important in the reabsorption of water and thereby production of a concentrated urine. However, several studies have shown the importance of transport systems for different tumor entities. Transport systems, for example, contributed to the proliferation and migration of cancer cells and thereby on tumor progression. They could also serve as drug transporters that could enable drug resistance by outward transport of, for example, chemotherapeutic agents and other drugs. Although many renal transporters have been characterized in detail with respect to the significance for proper kidney function, their role in renal cancer progression is less known. Here, we describe the types of renal cancer and review the studies that analyzed the role of organic cation transporters of the SLC22-family and of the aquaporin water channel family in kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Medicine Clinic D, Experimental Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerit Theil
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joanna Bialek
- Clinic of Urology, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bayram Edemir
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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What Is the Impact of Diet on Nutritional Diarrhea Associated with Gut Microbiota in Weaning Piglets: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6916189. [PMID: 31976326 PMCID: PMC6949732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6916189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piglets experience severe growth challenges and diarrhea after weaning due to nutritional, social, psychological, environmental, and physiological changes. Among these changes, the nutritional factor plays a key role in postweaning health. Dietary protein, fibre, starch, and electrolyte levels are highly associated with postweaning nutrition diarrhea (PWND). In this review, we mainly discuss the high protein, fibre, resistant starch, and electrolyte imbalance in diets that induce PWND, with a focus on potential mechanisms in weaned piglets.
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11
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Das NA, Carpenter AJ, Belenchia A, Aroor AR, Noda M, Siebenlist U, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. Empagliflozin reduces high glucose-induced oxidative stress and miR-21-dependent TRAF3IP2 induction and RECK suppression, and inhibits human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Signal 2019; 68:109506. [PMID: 31862399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) in the S1 segment of the kidney abundantly express sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) that play a critical role in whole body glucose homeostasis. We recently reported suppression of RECK (Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs), a membrane anchored endogenous MMP inhibitor and anti-fibrotic mediator, in the kidneys of db/db mice, a model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as well as in high glucose (HG) treated human kidney proximal tubule cells (HK-2). We further demonstrated that empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, reversed these effects. Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying RECK suppression under hyperglycemic conditions, and its rescue by EMPA. Consistent with our previous studies, HG (25 mM) suppressed RECK expression in HK-2 cells. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that HG induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, oxidative stress-dependent TRAF3IP2 upregulation, NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation, inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1), miR-21 induction, MMP2 activation, and RECK suppression. Moreover, RECK gain-of-function inhibited HG-induced MMP2 activation and HK-2 cell migration. Similar to HG, advanced glycation end products (AGE) induced TRAF3IP2 and suppressed RECK, effects that were inhibited by EMPA. Importantly, EMPA treatment ameliorated all of these deleterious effects, and inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HK-2 cell migration. Collectively, these findings indicate that hyperglycemia and associated AGE suppress RECK expression via oxidative stress/TRAF3IP2/NF-κB and p38 MAPK/miR-21 induction. Furthermore, these results suggest that interventions aimed at restoring RECK or inhibiting SGLT2 have the potential to treat kidney inflammatory response/fibrosis and nephropathy under chronic hyperglycemic conditions, such as DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Makoto Noda
- Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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12
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Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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13
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Amorim RG, Guedes GDS, Vasconcelos SMDL, Santos JCDF. Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Linking between Hyperglycemia, Redox Imbalance and Inflammation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:577-587. [PMID: 31188964 PMCID: PMC6555585 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is the key point of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Excess glucose is responsible for inducing redox imbalance and both systemic and intrarenal inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, which is currently the leading cause of dialysis in the world. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex, multifactorial and not fully elucidated; many factors and mechanisms are involved in the development, progression and clinical outcomes of the disease. Despite the disparate mechanisms involved in renal damage related to diabetes mellitus, the metabolic mechanisms involving oxidative/inflammatory pathways are widely accepted. The is clear evidence that a chronic hyperglycemic state triggers oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by altered metabolic pathways in a self-perpetuating cycle, promoting progression of cell injury and of end-stage renal disease. The present study presents an update on metabolic pathways that involve redox imbalance and inflammation induced by chronic exposure to hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne Gomes Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Faculdade de Nutrição, Maceió, AL - Brazil
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14
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Thomas L, Xue J, Dominguez Rieg JA, Rieg T. Contribution of NHE3 and dietary phosphate to lithium pharmacokinetics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 128:1-7. [PMID: 30419292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is one of the mainstays for the treatment of bipolar disorder despite its side effects on the endocrine, neurological, and renal systems. Experimentally, lithium has been used as a measure to determine proximal tubule reabsorption based on the assumption that lithium and sodium transport go in parallel in the proximal tubule. However, the exact mechanism by which lithium is reabsorbed remains elusive. The majority of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption is directly or indirectly mediated by the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3). In addition, sodium-phosphate cotransporters have been implicated in renal lithium reabsorption. In order to better understand the role of sodium-phosphate cotransporters involved in lithium (re)absorption, we studied lithium pharmacokinetics in: i) tubule-specific NHE3 knockout mice (NHE3loxloxPax8Cre), and ii) mice challenged with low or high phosphate diets. Intravenous or oral administration of lithium did not result in differences in lithium bioavailability, half-life, maximum plasma concentrations, area under the curve, lithium clearance, or urinary lithium/creatinine ratios between control and NHE3loxloxPax8Cre mice. After one week of dietary phosphate challenges, lithium bioavailability was ~30% lower on low versus high dietary phosphate, possibly the consequence of a smaller area under the curve after oral administration. This was associated with higher apparent lithium clearance after oral administration and lower urinary lithium/creatinine ratios on low versus high dietary phosphate. Collectively, renal NHE3 does not play a role in lithium pharmacokinetics; however, dietary phosphate could have an indirect effect on lithium bioavailability and lithium disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linto Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jianxiang Xue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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15
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-Dependent Regulation of Renal Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113481. [PMID: 30404151 PMCID: PMC6274953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase that is expressed in most cells and activated by a high cellular AMP/ATP ratio (indicating energy deficiency) or by Ca2+. In general, AMPK turns on energy-generating pathways (e.g., glucose uptake, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation) and stops energy-consuming processes (e.g., lipogenesis, glycogenesis), thereby helping cells survive low energy states. The functional element of the kidney, the nephron, consists of the glomerulus, where the primary urine is filtered, and the proximal tubule, Henle's loop, the distal tubule, and the collecting duct. In the tubular system of the kidney, the composition of primary urine is modified by the reabsorption and secretion of ions and molecules to yield final excreted urine. The underlying membrane transport processes are mainly energy-consuming (active transport) and in some cases passive. Since active transport accounts for a large part of the cell's ATP demands, it is an important target for AMPK. Here, we review the AMPK-dependent regulation of membrane transport along nephron segments and discuss physiological and pathophysiological implications.
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16
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Khadijah Ramli NS, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Testosterone enhances expression and functional activity of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE) in vas deferens of sex-steroid deficient male rats. Steroids 2018; 138:117-133. [PMID: 30003911 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effects of testosterone on expression and functional activity of ENaC, CFTR and NHE in vas deferens were investigated. METHODS Orchidectomized, adult male rats were given 125 and 250 μg/kg/day testosterone subcutaneously, with or without flutamide and finasteride for seven consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, rats were anesthetized and vas deferens were perfused. Changes in vas deferens fluid secretion rate, pH, HCO3-, Cl- and Na+ concentrations were recorded in the presence of amiloride and Cftr inh-172. Rats were then sacrificed and vas deferens were harvested and subjected for molecular biological analysis. RESULTS Testosterone treatment caused the fluid pH and HCO3- concentrations to decrease but secretion rate, Cl- and Na+ concentrations to increase, where upon amiloride administration, the pH and HCO3- concentration increased but Cl- and Na+ concentrations further increased. In testosterone-treated rats, administration of Cftr inh-172 caused all fluid parameters to decrease. In testosterone-treated rats co-administered with flutamide or finasteride, pH and HCO3- concentration increased but fluid secretion rate, Cl- and Na+ concentrations decreased and these parameters were not affected by amiloride or Cftr inh-172 administration. Under testosterone influence, CFTR and γ-ENaC were highly expressed at the apical membrane while NHE-1 and 4 were highly expressed at the basolateral membrane of vas deferens epithelium. Meanwhile, NHE-2 and 3 were highly expressed at the apical membrane. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression of ENaC, CFTR and NHE in vas deferens under testosterone influence indicated the important role of these transporters in creating optimal fluid microenvironment that is essential for preserving male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Li J, He Q, Li Q, Huang R, Wei X, Pan X, Wu W. Decreased expression of Na+-H+ exchanger isoforms 1 and 3 in denervated spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:235-243. [PMID: 29787310 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1469639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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18
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Botfield HF, Uldall MS, Westgate CSJ, Mitchell JL, Hagen SM, Gonzalez AM, Hodson DJ, Jensen RH, Sinclair AJ. A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist reduces intracranial pressure in a rat model of hydrocephalus. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaan0972. [PMID: 28835515 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for reducing raised intracranial pressure (ICP) under conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus have limited efficacy and tolerability. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify alternative drugs. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are used to treat diabetes and promote weight loss but have also been shown to affect fluid homeostasis in the kidney. We investigated whether exendin-4, a GLP-1R agonist, is able to modulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion at the choroid plexus and subsequently reduce ICP in rats. We used tissue sections and cell cultures to demonstrate expression of GLP-1R in the choroid plexus and its activation by exendin-4, an effect blocked by the GLP-1R antagonist exendin 9-39. Acute treatment with exendin-4 reduced Na+- and K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity, a key regulator of CSF secretion, in cell cultures. Finally, we demonstrated that administration of exendin-4 to female rats with raised ICP (hydrocephalic) resulted in a GLP-1R-mediated reduction in ICP. These findings suggest that GLP-1R agonists can reduce ICP in rodents. Repurposing existing GLP-1R agonist drugs may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating raised ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Botfield
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Maria S Uldall
- Danish Headache Center, Clinic of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordre Ringvej 69, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Connar S J Westgate
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - James L Mitchell
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Snorre M Hagen
- Danish Headache Center, Clinic of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordre Ringvej 69, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ana Maria Gonzalez
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Rigmor H Jensen
- Danish Headache Center, Clinic of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordre Ringvej 69, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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19
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Ren T, Erbakan M, Shen Y, Barbieri E, Saboe P, Feroz H, Yan H, McCuskey S, Hall JF, Schantz AB, Bazan GC, Butler PJ, Grzelakowski M, Kumar M. Membrane Protein Insertion into and Compatibility with Biomimetic Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700053. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mustafa Erbakan
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biosystem Engineering Bozok University Yozgat 66000 Turkey
| | - Yuexiao Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Departamento de Engenharia Química Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Tecnologia Bloco E Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 21941‐909 Brazil
| | - Patrick Saboe
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Hasin Feroz
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Hengjing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Samantha McCuskey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Joseph F. Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - A. Benjamin Schantz
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Peter J. Butler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA 16802
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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20
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Gilbert RE. Proximal Tubulopathy: Prime Mover and Key Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2017; 66:791-800. [PMID: 28325740 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The current view of diabetic kidney disease, based on meticulously acquired ultrastructural morphometry and the utility of measuring plasma creatinine and urinary albumin, has been almost entirely focused on the glomerulus. While clearly of great importance, changes in the glomerulus are not the major determinant of renal prognosis in diabetes and may not be the primary event in the development of diabetic kidney disease either. Indeed, advances in biomarker discovery and a greater appreciation of tubulointerstitial histopathology and the role of tubular hypoxia in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease have given us pause to reconsider the current "glomerulocentric" paradigm and focus attention on the proximal tubule that by virtue of the high energy requirements and reliance on aerobic metabolism render it particularly susceptible to the derangements of the diabetic state. Such findings raise important issues for therapeutic advances specifically targeting the pathophysiological perturbations that develop in this part of the nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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21
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22
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Watts BA, George T, Badalamenti A, Good DW. High-mobility group box 1 inhibits HCO3- absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb through RAGE-Rho-ROCK-mediated inhibition of basolateral Na+/H+ exchange. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F600-13. [PMID: 27358052 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00185.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein released extracellularly in response to infection or injury, where it activates immune responses and contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney dysfunction in sepsis and sterile inflammatory disorders. Recently, we demonstrated that HMGB1 inhibits HCO3 (-) absorption in perfused rat medullary thick ascending limbs (MTAL) through a basolateral receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-dependent pathway that is additive to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-ERK-mediated inhibition by LPS (Good DW, George T, Watts BA III. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 309: F720-F730, 2015). Here, we examined signaling and transport mechanisms that mediate inhibition by HMGB1. Inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by HMGB1 was eliminated by the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 and by a specific inhibitor of Rho, the major upstream activator of ROCK. HMGB1 increased RhoA and ROCK1 activity. HMGB1-induced ROCK1 activation was eliminated by the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 and by inhibition of Rho. The Rho and ROCK inhibitors had no effect on inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by bath LPS. Inhibition of HCO3 (-) absorption by HMGB1 was eliminated by bath amiloride, 0 Na(+) bath, and the F-actin stabilizer jasplakinolide, three conditions that selectively prevent inhibition of MTAL HCO3 (-) absorption mediated through NHE1. HMGB1 decreased basolateral Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity through activation of ROCK. We conclude that HMGB1 inhibits HCO3 (-) absorption in the MTAL through a RAGE-RhoA-ROCK1 signaling pathway coupled to inhibition of NHE1. The HMGB1-RAGE-RhoA-ROCK1 pathway thus represents a potential target to attenuate MTAL dysfunction during sepsis and other inflammatory disorders. HMGB1 and LPS inhibit HCO3 (-) absorption through different receptor signaling and transport mechanisms, which enables these pathogenic mediators to act directly and independently to impair MTAL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruns A Watts
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Thampi George
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Andrew Badalamenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - David W Good
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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23
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Chen CH, Chen TH, Wu MY, Chen JR, Hong LY, Zheng CM, Chiu IJ, Lin YF, Hsu YH. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Protects Renal Tubular Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Apoptosis via Upregulating Na +/H + Exchanger NHE1. Mol Med 2015; 21:886-889. [PMID: 26623927 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α is a transcription factor that has been reported to inhibit gentamicin-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells. However, the antiapoptotic mechanism of PPARα is still unknown. In this study, we found that PPARα overexpression induced Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) expression in the rat renal tubular cells NRK-52E. Beraprost, a PPARα ligand, also increased NHE1 expression in the renal tubules in normal mice, but not in PPARα knockout mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that two PPARα binding elements were located in the rat NHE1 promoter region. Na+/H+ exchanger activity also increased in the PPARα-overexpressed cells. Flow cytometry showed that the PPARα-overexpressed cells were resistant to apoptosis-induced shrinkage. Cariporide, a selective NHE1 inhibitor, inhibited the antiapoptotic effect of PPARα in the gentamicin-treated cells. The interaction between NHE1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) and between ERM and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the PPARα-overexpressed cells was more than in the control cells. ERM short interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection inhibited the PPARα-induced antiapoptotic effect. PPARα overexpression also increased the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression, which is dependent on NHE1 activity. Increased PI3K further increased the phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinase Akt in the PPARα-overexpressed cells. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, inhibited PPARα-induced Akt activity and the antiapoptotic effect. We conclude that PPARα induces NHE1 expression and then recruits ERM to promote PI3K/Akt-mediated cell survival in renal tubular cells. The application of PPARα activation reduces the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and may expand the clinical use of gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rung Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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