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Van Lent J, Prior R, Pérez Siles G, Cutrupi AN, Kennerson ML, Vangansewinkel T, Wolfs E, Mukherjee-Clavin B, Nevin Z, Judge L, Conklin B, Tyynismaa H, Clark AJ, Bennett DL, Van Den Bosch L, Saporta M, Timmerman V. Advances and challenges in modeling inherited peripheral neuropathies using iPSCs. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01250-x. [PMID: 38825644 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a group of diseases associated with mutations in various genes with fundamental roles in the development and function of peripheral nerves. Over the past 10 years, significant advances in identifying molecular disease mechanisms underlying axonal and myelin degeneration, acquired from cellular biology studies and transgenic fly and rodent models, have facilitated the development of promising treatment strategies. However, no clinical treatment has emerged to date. This lack of treatment highlights the urgent need for more biologically and clinically relevant models recapitulating IPNs. For both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a particularly powerful platform for disease modeling and preclinical studies. In this review, we provide an update on different in vitro human cellular IPN models, including traditional two-dimensional monoculture iPSC derivatives, and recent advances in more complex human iPSC-based systems using microfluidic chips, organoids, and assembloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), BIOS+, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Robert Prior
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Pérez Siles
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony N Cutrupi
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, BIOMED, Laboratory for Functional Imaging and Research on Stem Cells (FIERCE Lab), Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, BIOMED, Laboratory for Functional Imaging and Research on Stem Cells (FIERCE Lab), Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luke Judge
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex J Clark
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Saporta
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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2
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Gagliardi S, Mitruccio M, Di Corato R, Romano R, Aloisi A, Rinaldi R, Alifano P, Guerra F, Bucci C. Defects of mitochondria-lysosomes communication induce secretion of mitochondria-derived vesicles and drive chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:165. [PMID: 38448982 PMCID: PMC10916030 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), generation of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) is a process to avoid complete failure of mitochondria determining lysosomal degradation of mitochondrial damaged proteins. In this context, RAB7, a late endocytic small GTPase, controls delivery of MDVs to late endosomes for subsequent lysosomal degradation. We previously demonstrated that RAB7 has a pivotal role in response to cisplatin (CDDP) regulating resistance to the drug by extracellular vesicle (EVs) secretion. METHODS Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to analyze structure and function of endosomes and lysosomes in CDDP chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines. EVs were purified from chemosensitive and chemoresistant cells by ultracentrifugation or immunoisolation to analyze their mitochondrial DNA and protein content. Treatment with cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and RAB7 modulation were used, respectively, to understand the role of mitochondrial and late endosomal/lysosomal alterations on MDV secretion. Using conditioned media from chemoresistant cells the effect of MDVs on the viability after CDDP treatment was determined. Seahorse assays and immunofluorescence analysis were used to study the biochemical role of MDVs and the uptake and intracellular localization of MDVs, respectively. RESULTS We observed that CDDP-chemoresistant cells are characterized by increased MDV secretion, impairment of late endocytic traffic, RAB7 downregulation, an increase of RAB7 in EVs, compared to chemosensitive cells, and downregulation of the TFEB-mTOR pathway overseeing lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover. We established that MDVs can be secreted rather than delivered to lysosomes and are able to deliver CDDP outside the cells. We showed increased secretion of MDVs by chemoresistant cells ultimately caused by the extrusion of RAB7 in EVs, resulting in a dramatic drop in its intracellular content, as a novel mechanism to regulate RAB7 levels. We demonstrated that MDVs purified from chemoresistant cells induce chemoresistance in RAB7-modulated process, and, after uptake from recipient cells, MDVs localize to mitochondria and slow down mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional MQC in chemoresistant cells determines a block in lysosomal degradation of MDVs and their consequent secretion, suggesting that MQC is not able to eliminate damaged mitochondria whose components are secreted becoming effectors and potential markers of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinforosa Gagliardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Mitruccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, 73010, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aloisi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Scuola Superiore ISUFI, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, University Campus, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
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Otis JP, Mowry KL. Hitting the mark: Localization of mRNA and biomolecular condensates in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1807. [PMID: 37393916 PMCID: PMC10758526 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular mRNA localization is critical to a multitude of biological processes such as development of cellular polarity, embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, protein complex formation, cell migration, and rapid responses to environmental stimuli and synaptic depolarization. Our understanding of the mechanisms of mRNA localization must now be revised to include formation and trafficking of biomolecular condensates, as several biomolecular condensates that transport and localize mRNA have recently been discovered. Disruptions in mRNA localization can have catastrophic effects on developmental processes and biomolecular condensate biology and have been shown to contribute to diverse diseases. A fundamental understanding of mRNA localization is essential to understanding how aberrations in this biology contribute the etiology of numerous cancers though support of cancer cell migration and biomolecular condensate dysregulation, as well as many neurodegenerative diseases, through misregulation of mRNA localization and biomolecular condensate biology. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Otis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, 02912
| | - Kimberly L. Mowry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, 02912
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Wong YC, Jayaraj ND, Belton TB, Shum GC, Ball HE, Ren D, Tadenev ALD, Krainc D, Burgess RW, Menichella DM. Misregulation of mitochondria-lysosome contact dynamics in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2B disease Rab7 mutant sensory peripheral neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313010120. [PMID: 37878717 PMCID: PMC10622892 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle contact sites between mitochondria and lysosomes mediate the crosstalk and bidirectional regulation of their dynamics in health and disease. However, mitochondria-lysosome contact sites and their misregulation have not been investigated in peripheral sensory neurons. Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B disease is an autosomal dominant axonal neuropathy affecting peripheral sensory neurons caused by mutations in the GTPase Rab7. Using live super-resolution and confocal time-lapse microscopy, we showed that mitochondria-lysosome contact sites dynamically form in the soma and axons of peripheral sensory neurons. Interestingly, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B mutant Rab7 led to prolonged mitochondria-lysosome contact site tethering preferentially in the axons of peripheral sensory neurons, due to impaired Rab7 GTP hydrolysis-mediated contact site untethering. We further generated a Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B mutant Rab7 knock-in mouse model which exhibited prolonged axonal mitochondria-lysosome contact site tethering and defective downstream axonal mitochondrial dynamics due to impaired Rab7 GTP hydrolysis as well as fragmented mitochondria in the axon of the sciatic nerve. Importantly, mutant Rab7 mice further demonstrated preferential sensory behavioral abnormalities and neuropathy, highlighting an important role for mutant Rab7 in driving degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons. Together, this study identifies an important role for mitochondria-lysosome contact sites in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Nirupa D. Jayaraj
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Tayler B. Belton
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - George C. Shum
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Hannah E. Ball
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | | | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | | | - Daniela M. Menichella
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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Mulligan RJ, Winckler B. Regulation of Endosomal Trafficking by Rab7 and Its Effectors in Neurons: Clues from Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37759799 PMCID: PMC10527268 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular endosomal trafficking controls the balance between protein degradation and synthesis, i.e., proteostasis, but also many of the cellular signaling pathways that emanate from activated growth factor receptors after endocytosis. Endosomal trafficking, sorting, and motility are coordinated by the activity of small GTPases, including Rab proteins, whose function as molecular switches direct activity at endosomal membranes through effector proteins. Rab7 is particularly important in the coordination of the degradative functions of the pathway. Rab7 effectors control endosomal maturation and the properties of late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, such as coordination of recycling, motility, and fusion with downstream compartments. The spatiotemporal regulation of endosomal receptor trafficking is particularly challenging in neurons because of their enormous size, their distinct intracellular domains with unique requirements (dendrites vs. axons), and their long lifespans as postmitotic, differentiated cells. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B disease (CMT2B), familial missense mutations in Rab7 cause alterations in GTPase cycling and trafficking, leading to an ulcero-mutilating peripheral neuropathy. The prevailing hypothesis to account for CMT2B pathologies is that CMT2B-associated Rab7 alleles alter endocytic trafficking of the neurotrophin NGF and its receptor TrkA and, thereby, disrupt normal trophic signaling in the peripheral nervous system, but other Rab7-dependent pathways are also impacted. Here, using TrkA as a prototypical endocytic cargo, we review physiologic Rab7 effector interactions and control in neurons. Since neurons are among the largest cells in the body, we place particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial regulation of endosomal sorting and trafficking in neuronal processes. We further discuss the current findings in CMT2B mutant Rab7 models, the impact of mutations on effector interactions or balance, and how this dysregulation may confer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Vöing K, Michgehl U, Mertens ND, Picciotto C, Maywald ML, Goretzko J, Waimann S, Gilhaus K, Rogg M, Schell C, Klingauf J, Tsytsyura Y, Hansen U, van Marck V, Edinger AL, Vollenbröker B, Rescher U, Braun DA, George B, Weide T, Pavenstädt H. Disruption of the Rab7-Dependent Final Common Pathway of Endosomal and Autophagic Processing Results in a Severe Podocytopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1191-1206. [PMID: 37022133 PMCID: PMC10356157 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of proteins are essential functions of mammalian cells, especially for terminally differentiated cells with limited regeneration rates and complex morphology, such as podocytes. To improve our understanding on how disturbances of these trafficking pathways are linked to podocyte depletion and slit diaphragm (SD) injury, the authors explored the role of the small GTPase Rab7, which is linked to endosomal, lysosomal, and autophagic pathways, using as model systems mice and Drosophila with podocyte-specific or nephrocyte-specific loss of Rab7, and a human podocyte cell line depleted for Rab7. Their findings point to maturation and fusion events during endolysosomal and autophagic maturation as key processes for podocyte homeostasis and function and identify altered lysosomal pH values as a putative novel mechanism for podocytopathies. BACKGROUND Endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of proteins are essential functions of mammalian cells, especially for terminally differentiated cells with limited regeneration rates, such as podocytes. How disturbances within these trafficking pathways may act as factors in proteinuric glomerular diseases is poorly understood. METHODS To explore how disturbances in trafficking pathways may act as factors in proteinuric glomerular diseases, we focused on Rab7, a highly conserved GTPase that controls the homeostasis of late endolysosomal and autophagic processes. We generated mouse and Drosophila in vivo models lacking Rab7 exclusively in podocytes or nephrocytes, and performed histologic and ultrastructural analyses. To further investigate Rab7 function on lysosomal and autophagic structures, we used immortalized human cell lines depleted for Rab7. RESULTS Depletion of Rab7 in mice, Drosophila , and immortalized human cell lines resulted in an accumulation of diverse vesicular structures resembling multivesicular bodies, autophagosomes, and autoendolysosomes. Mice lacking Rab7 developed a severe and lethal renal phenotype with early-onset proteinuria and global or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, accompanied by an altered distribution of slit diaphragm proteins. Remarkably, structures resembling multivesicular bodies began forming within 2 weeks after birth, prior to the glomerular injuries. In Drosophila nephrocytes, Rab7 knockdown resulted in the accumulation of vesicles and reduced slit diaphragms. In vitro , Rab7 knockout led to similar enlarged vesicles and altered lysosomal pH values, accompanied by an accumulation of lysosomal marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS Disruption within the final common pathway of endocytic and autophagic processes may be a novel and insufficiently understood mechanism regulating podocyte health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Vöing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Ulf Michgehl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Nils David Mertens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Cara Picciotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Mee-Ling Maywald
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Jonas Goretzko
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sofie Waimann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Kevin Gilhaus
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yaroslav Tsytsyura
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Veerle van Marck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Aimee L. Edinger
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Beate Vollenbröker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniela Anne Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Britta George
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, Medical Clinic D, Munster, Germany
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Nik Akhtar S, Bunner WP, Brennan E, Lu Q, Szatmari EM. Crosstalk between the Rho and Rab family of small GTPases in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1084769. [PMID: 36779014 PMCID: PMC9911442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1084769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is associated with defects in cytoskeletal dynamics and dysfunctions of the vesicular trafficking and sorting systems. In the last few decades, studies have demonstrated that the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics are proteins from the Rho family GTPases, meanwhile, the central hub for vesicle sorting and transport between target membranes is the Rab family of GTPases. In this regard, the role of Rho and Rab GTPases in the induction and maintenance of distinct functional and morphological neuronal domains (such as dendrites and axons) has been extensively studied. Several members belonging to these two families of proteins have been associated with many neurodegenerative disorders ranging from dementia to motor neuron degeneration. In this analysis, we attempt to present a brief review of the potential crosstalk between the Rab and Rho family members in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Nik Akhtar
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Wyatt P. Bunner
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Brennan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Qun Lu
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Erzsebet M. Szatmari Qun Lu
| | - Erzsebet M. Szatmari
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Erzsebet M. Szatmari Qun Lu
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Romano R, De Luca M, Del Fiore VS, Pecoraro M, Lattante S, Sabatelli M, La Bella V, Bucci C. Allele-specific silencing as therapy for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by the p.G376D TARDBP mutation. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac315. [PMID: 36751500 PMCID: PMC9897181 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. There is no treatment for this disease that affects the ability to move, eat, speak and finally breathe, causing death. In an Italian family, a heterozygous pathogenic missense variant has been previously discovered in Exon 6 of the gene TARDBP encoding the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 protein. Here, we developed a potential therapeutic tool based on allele-specific small interfering RNAs for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with the heterozygous missense mutation c.1127G>A. We designed a small interfering RNA that was able to diminish specifically the expression of the exogenous Green Fluorescent Protein (TAR DNA-binding protein 43G376D mutant protein) in HEK-293T cells but not that of the Green Fluorescent Protein (TAR DNA-binding protein 43 wild-type). Similarly, this small interfering RNA silenced the mutated allele in fibroblasts derived from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but did not silence the wild-type gene in control fibroblasts. In addition, we established that silencing the mutated allele was able to strongly reduce the pathological cellular phenotypes induced by TAR DNA-binding protein 43G376D expression, such as the presence of cytoplasmic aggregates. Thus, we have identified a small interfering RNA that could be used to silence specifically the mutated allele to try a targeted therapy for patients carrying the p.G376D TAR DNA-binding protein 43 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n.165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n.165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Victoria Stefania Del Fiore
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n.165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Martina Pecoraro
- ALS Clinical Research Center, P Giaccone University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, via Gaetano La Loggia n° 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Lattante
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory and Infectious Disease Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Adult NEMO Clinical Center, Unit of Neurology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head-Neck Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center, P Giaccone University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, via Gaetano La Loggia n° 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Correspondence to: Cecilia Bucci Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA) Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n.165 73100 Lecce, Italy E-mail:
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Role of the Intermediate Filament Protein Peripherin in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315416. [PMID: 36499746 PMCID: PMC9740141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are the most heterogeneous class among cytoskeletal elements. While some of them have been well-characterized, little is known about peripherin. Peripherin is a class III intermediate filament protein with a specific expression in the peripheral nervous system. Epigenetic modifications are involved in this cell-type-specific expression. Peripherin has important roles in neurite outgrowth and stability, axonal transport, and axonal myelination. Moreover, peripherin interacts with proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, DNA/RNA processing, protein folding, and mitochondrial metabolism, suggesting a role in all these processes. This review collects information regarding peripherin gene regulation, post-translational modifications, and functions and its involvement in the onset of a number of diseases.
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van de Velde ME, Uittenboogaard A, Yang W, Bonten E, Cheng C, Pei D, van den Berg MH, van der Sluis IM, van den Bos C, Abbink FCH, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Segers H, Chantrain C, van der Werff ten Bosch J, Willems L, Evans WE, Kaspers GJL. Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Vincristine Pharmacokinetics and Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Pediatric Oncology Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143510. [PMID: 35884569 PMCID: PMC9321338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vincristine is a type of chemotherapy that is often used in the treatment of children with cancer. The main side effect of vincristine is nerve damage. Patients experience symptoms such as tingling, pain or muscle weakness. Some children are more sensitive to vincristine than others, which may depend on variations in genes and in the breakdown of vincristine by the body. In this study, we investigated the effect of variations in genes on nerve damage due to vincristine and breakdown of vincristine by the body. We found that nine variations in seven genes were associated with nerve damage due to vincristine, whereas three variations in three genes were associated with the breakdown of vincristine by the body. It is important that future studies try to replicate these findings. Our findings help us towards the goal of tailoring vincristine treatment to each child, with optimal therapeutic effect while limiting nerve damage. Abstract Vincristine (VCR) is an important component of curative chemotherapy for many childhood cancers. Its main side effect is VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN), a dose limiting toxicity. Some children are more susceptible to VIPN, which is at least partially dependent on genetic factors and pharmacokinetics (PK). In this study, we identify and replicate genetic variants associated with VCR PK and VIPN. Patient samples from a randomized clinical trial studying the effect of administration duration of VCR on VIPN in 90 patients were used. PK sampling was conducted on between one and five occasions at multiple time points. A linear two-compartment model with first-order elimination was used, and targeted next-generation DNA sequencing was performed. Genotype–trait associations were analyzed using mixed-effect models or logistic regression analysis for repeated measures, or Poisson regression analysis in which the highest VIPN score per patient was included. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes (NDRG1, GARS, FIG4, FGD4, SEPTIN9, CEP72, and ETAA1) were associated with VIPN. Furthermore, three SNPs in three genes (MTNR1B, RAB7A and SNU13) were associated with PK of VCR. In conclusion, PK of VCR and VIPN are influenced by SNPs; upfront identification of those that lead to an altered susceptibility to VIPN or VCR exposure could help individualize VCR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam E. van de Velde
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.U.); (M.H.v.d.B.); (G.J.L.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (W.Y.); (E.B.); (W.E.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aniek Uittenboogaard
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.U.); (M.H.v.d.B.); (G.J.L.K.)
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.d.S.); (C.v.d.B.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (W.Y.); (E.B.); (W.E.E.)
| | - Erik Bonten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (W.Y.); (E.B.); (W.E.E.)
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Marleen H. van den Berg
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.U.); (M.H.v.d.B.); (G.J.L.K.)
| | - Inge M. van der Sluis
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.d.S.); (C.v.d.B.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
| | - Cor van den Bos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.d.S.); (C.v.d.B.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Center, Pediatric Oncology, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Floor C. H. Abbink
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Center, Pediatric Oncology, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Heidi Segers
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | | | | | - Leen Willems
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - William E. Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (W.Y.); (E.B.); (W.E.E.)
| | - Gertjan J. L. Kaspers
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.U.); (M.H.v.d.B.); (G.J.L.K.)
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.d.S.); (C.v.d.B.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
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Gu Y, Guerra F, Hu M, Pope A, Sung K, Yang W, Jetha S, Shoff TA, Gunatilake T, Dahlkamp O, Shi LZ, Manganelli F, Nolano M, Zhou Y, Ding J, Bucci C, Wu C. Mitochondria dysfunction in Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:717. [PMID: 35851620 PMCID: PMC9293960 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab7 GTPase regulates mitochondrial morphology and function. Missense mutation(s) of Rab7 underlies the pathogenesis of Charcot Marie Tooth 2B (CMT2B) peripheral neuropathy. Herein, we investigate how mitochondrial morphology and function are impacted by the CMT2B associated Rab7V162M mutation. In contrast to recent studies of using heterologous overexpression systems, our results demonstrate significant mitochondrial fragmentation in both human CMT2B patient fibroblasts and CMT2B embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Primary cultured E18 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons also show mitochondrial fragmentation and altered axonal mitochondrial movement. In addition, we demonstrate that inhibitors to either the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 or to the nucleotide binding to Rab7 normalize the mitochondrial deficits in both MEFs and E18 cultured DRG neurons. Our study reveals, for the first time, that expression of CMT2B Rab7 mutation at the physiological level enhances Drp1 activity to promote mitochondrial fission, potentially underlying selective vulnerability of peripheral sensory neurons in CMT2B pathogenesis. The Rab7V162M mutation associated with Charcot Marie Tooth 2B peripheral neuropathy causes mitochondrial fragmentation in patient-derived fibroblasts and primary cultured dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons from E18 mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Gu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mingzheng Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Pope
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Kijung Sung
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Sheng, China
| | - Simone Jetha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Shoff
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Tessanya Gunatilake
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Owen Dahlkamp
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Linda Zhixia Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.
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12
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Zeidler M, Kummer KK, Kress M. Towards bridging the translational gap by improved modeling of human nociception in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:965-978. [PMID: 35655042 PMCID: PMC9393146 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies which have explored the pathogenesis of pain disorders in preclinical models, there is a pronounced translational gap, which is at least partially caused by differences between the human and rodent nociceptive system. An elegant way to bridge this divide is the exploitation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming into human iPSC-derived nociceptors (iDNs). Several protocols were developed and optimized to model nociceptive processes in health and disease. Here we provide an overview of the different approaches and summarize the knowledge obtained from such models on pain pathologies associated with monogenetic sensory disorders so far. In addition, novel perspectives offered by increasing the complexity of the model systems further to better reflect the natural environment of nociceptive neurons by involving other cell types in 3D model systems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zeidler
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Ramadesikan S, Lee J, Aguilar RC. The Future of Genetic Disease Studies: Assembling an Updated Multidisciplinary Toolbox. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886448. [PMID: 35573700 PMCID: PMC9096115 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Mechanisms regulating the sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231123. [PMID: 35394021 PMCID: PMC9109462 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are key regulators of many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, autophagy, immune response, cell signalling and plasma membrane repair. These highly dynamic organelles are composed of various membrane and soluble proteins, which are essential for their proper functioning. The soluble proteins include numerous proteases, glycosidases and other hydrolases, along with activators, required for catabolism. The correct sorting of soluble lysosomal proteins is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of lysosomes and is achieved through the coordinated effort of many sorting receptors, resident ER and Golgi proteins, and several cytosolic components. Mutations in a number of proteins involved in sorting soluble proteins to lysosomes result in human disease. These can range from rare diseases such as lysosome storage disorders, to more prevalent ones, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and others, including rare neurodegenerative diseases that affect children. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate the sorting of soluble proteins to lysosomes and highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease. More precisely, we will review the route taken by soluble lysosomal proteins from their translation into the ER, their maturation along the Golgi apparatus, and sorting at the trans-Golgi network. We will also highlight the effects of mutations in this pathway that cause human disease.
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15
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Mishra S, Knupp A, Szabo MP, Williams CA, Kinoshita C, Hailey DW, Wang Y, Andersen OM, Young JE. The Alzheimer's gene SORL1 is a regulator of endosomal traffic and recycling in human neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:162. [PMID: 35226190 PMCID: PMC8885486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of the Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) gene seems to act as a causal event for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have established that loss of SORL1, as well as mutations in autosomal dominant AD genes APP and PSEN1/2, pathogenically converge by swelling early endosomes, AD's cytopathological hallmark. Acting together with the retromer trafficking complex, SORL1 has been shown to regulate the recycling of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) out of the endosome, contributing to endosomal swelling and to APP misprocessing. We hypothesized that SORL1 plays a broader role in neuronal endosomal recycling and used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (hiPSC-Ns) to test this hypothesis. We examined endosomal recycling of three transmembrane proteins linked to AD pathophysiology: APP, the BDNF receptor Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB), and the glutamate receptor subunit AMPA1 (GLUA1). METHODS We used isogenic hiPSCs engineered to have SORL1 depleted or to have enhanced SORL1 expression. We differentiated neurons from these cell lines and mapped the trafficking of APP, TRKB and GLUA1 within the endosomal network using confocal microscopy. We also performed cell surface recycling and lysosomal degradation assays to assess the functionality of the endosomal network in both SORL1-depleted and -overexpressing neurons. The functional impact of GLUA1 recycling was determined by measuring synaptic activity. Finally, we analyzed alterations in gene expression in SORL1-depleted neurons using RNA sequencing. RESULTS We find that as with APP, endosomal trafficking of GLUA1 and TRKB is impaired by loss of SORL1. We show that trafficking of all three cargoes to late endosomes and lysosomes is affected by manipulating SORL1 expression. We also show that depletion of SORL1 significantly impacts the endosomal recycling pathway for APP and GLUA1 at the level of the recycling endosome and trafficking to the cell surface. This has a functional effect on neuronal activity as shown by multi-electrode array (MEA). Conversely, increased SORL1 expression enhances endosomal recycling for APP and GLUA1. Our unbiased transcriptomic data further support SORL1's role in endosomal recycling. We observe altered expression networks that regulate cell surface trafficking and neurotrophic signaling in SORL1-depleted neurons. CONCLUSION Collectively, and together with other recent observations, these findings suggest that one role for SORL1 is to contribute to endosomal degradation and recycling pathways in neurons, a conclusion that has both pathogenic and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Allison Knupp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Marcell P. Szabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Charles A. Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Dale W. Hailey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Olav M. Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Romano R, Del Fiore VS, Saveri P, Palamà IE, Pisciotta C, Pareyson D, Bucci C, Guerra F. Autophagy and Lysosomal Functionality in CMT2B Fibroblasts Carrying the RAB7 K126R Mutation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030496. [PMID: 35159308 PMCID: PMC8834514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) disease is a dominant axonal peripheral neuropathy caused by five mutations in the RAB7A gene. Autophagy and late endocytic trafficking were already characterized in CMT2B. Indeed, impairment of autophagy and an increase in lysosomal degradative activity were found in cells expressing the mutant proteins. Recently, we described a novel RAB7 mutation associated with predominantly motor CMT2 and impaired EGFR trafficking. With the aim to analyze the autophagy process and lysosomal activity in CMT2B fibroblasts carrying the p.K126R RAB7 novel mutation and to investigate further the causes of the different phenotype, we have performed Western blot, immunofluorescence and cytometric analyses monitoring autophagic markers and endocytic proteins. Moreover, we investigated lipophagy by analyzing accumulation of lipid droplets and their co-localization with endolysosomal degradative compartments. We found that cells expressing the RAB7K126R mutant protein were characterized by impairment of autophagy and lipophagy processes and by a moderate increase in lysosomal activity compared to the previously studied cells carrying the RAB7V162M mutation. Thus, we concluded that EGFR trafficking alterations and a moderate increase in lysosomal activity with concomitant impairment of autophagy could induce the specific predominantly motor phenotype observed in K126R patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
| | - Victoria Stefania Del Fiore
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
| | - Paola Saveri
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (C.P.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (C.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (C.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-8900 (C.B.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (V.S.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-8900 (C.B.)
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Shi G, Hao D, Zhang L, Qin J, Tian G, Ma B, Zhou X. Endocytosis-associated patterns in nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. J Orthop Translat 2021; 31:10-19. [PMID: 34760620 PMCID: PMC8551787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clearance of myelin debris and remyelination of myelin are necessary steps for peripheral nerve remodeling and regeneration. It has yet to be clarified which genes or proteins are involved in endocytosis or exocytosis in the removal of myelin debris during peripheral nerve repair. Methods For this project, a rat model of subacute stage of sciatic nerve injury was established first. Subsequently, normal Schwann cells (NSCs) and activated Schwann cells (ASCs) were harvest before and after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Following methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling analysis of NSCs and ASCs, what common biomarkers changes in peripheral nervous systems remain to be elucidated. Results A total of 14,770 different expression genes (DEGs) and 3249 different expression proteins (DEPs) were screened between ASCs and NSCs. For the exosomes, the diameter and particles concentration of exosomes were 141.7 nm and 2.97 × 107 particles/mL, respectively. The size distribution of exosomes was 50–200 nm. ASCs showed higher cellular uptake ability than the NSCs by cellular uptake test. Moreover, RAB7A, ARF6, ARF1, VPS45, RAB11A, DNM3, and NEDD4 were the core markers and may control the molecular mechanism of the Endocytosis pathway. Conclusion These biomarkers may play significant roles in the initiation phase of demyelination and axon regeneration. The translational potential of this article This study explores that the endocytosis-associated patterns of Schwann cells may be new therapeutic strategy for nerve tissue engineering and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dingyu Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyuan Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 People Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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Romano R, Calcagnile M, Margiotta A, Franci L, Chiariello M, Alifano P, Bucci C. RAB7A Regulates Vimentin Phosphorylation through AKT and PAK. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092220. [PMID: 34066419 PMCID: PMC8125308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAB7A (RAs-related in Brain 7A) is a master regulator of intracellular traffic controlling transport to late endosomes and lysosomes, two organelles of the endocytic pathway important for degradation. Thanks to this function, RAB7A is also involved in cellular processes linked to cancer, such as apoptosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell migration. Therefore, the interest in the role of RAB7A in cancer progression is increasing. Previously, we demonstrated that RAB7A regulates phosphorylation and assembly of vimentin, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein, which is also an important mesenchymal marker of cancer cells. The aim of the present study is the identification of the kinases responsible for vimentin phosphorylation whose activity is affected by the modulation of RAB7A expression. We found that RAB7A is able to regulate AKT (also called protein kinase B or PKB) and PAK1 (P21-Activated Kinase 1) and several of their downstream effectors, which control proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. These data suggest that RAB7A could have a key role in cancer development. Abstract RAB7A is a small GTPase that controls the late endocytic pathway but also cell migration through RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) and vimentin. In fact, RAB7A regulates vimentin phosphorylation at different sites and vimentin assembly, and, in this study, we identified vimentin domains interacting with RAB7A. As several kinases could be responsible for vimentin phosphorylation, we investigated whether modulation of RAB7A expression affects the activity of these kinases. We discovered that RAB7A regulates AKT and PAK1, and we demonstrated that increased vimentin phosphorylation at Ser38 (Serine 38), observed upon RAB7A overexpression, is due to AKT activity. As AKT and PAK1 are key regulators of several cellular events, we investigated if RAB7A could have a role in these processes by modulating AKT and PAK1 activity. We found that RAB7A protein levels affected beta-catenin and caspase 9 expression. We also observed the downregulation of cofilin-1 and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity upon RAB7A silencing. Altogether these results demonstrate that RAB7A regulates AKT and PAK1 kinases, affecting their downstream effectors and the processes they regulate, suggesting that RAB7A could have a role in a number of cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Azzurra Margiotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, La Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, La Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (M.C.); (A.M.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298900
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Role of the V1G1 subunit of V-ATPase in breast cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4615. [PMID: 33633298 PMCID: PMC7907067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
V-ATPase is a large multi-subunit complex that regulates acidity of intracellular compartments and of extracellular environment. V-ATPase consists of several subunits that drive specific regulatory mechanisms. The V1G1 subunit, a component of the peripheral stalk of the pump, controls localization and activation of the pump on late endosomes and lysosomes by interacting with RILP and RAB7. Deregulation of some subunits of the pump has been related to tumor invasion and metastasis formation in breast cancer. We observed a decrease of V1G1 and RAB7 in highly invasive breast cancer cells, suggesting a key role of these proteins in controlling cancer progression. Moreover, in MDA-MB-231 cells, modulation of V1G1 affected cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase activation in vitro, processes important for tumor formation and dissemination. In these cells, characterized by high expression of EGFR, we demonstrated that V1G1 modulates EGFR stability and the EGFR downstream signaling pathways that control several factors required for cell motility, among which RAC1 and cofilin. In addition, we showed a key role of V1G1 in the biogenesis of endosomes and lysosomes. Altogether, our data describe a new molecular mechanism, controlled by V1G1, required for cell motility and that promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Romano R, Bucci C. Role of EGFR in the Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 32806510 PMCID: PMC7464966 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first discovered member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily and plays a fundamental role during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, being involved in growth, differentiation, maintenance and repair of various tissues and organs. The role of EGFR in the regulation of tissue development and homeostasis has been thoroughly investigated and it has also been demonstrated that EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. In the nervous system, other growth factors, and thus other receptors, are important for growth, differentiation and repair of the tissue, namely neurotrophins and neurotrophins receptors. For this reason, for a long time, the role of EGFR in the nervous system has been underestimated and poorly investigated. However, EGFR is expressed both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and it has been demonstrated to have specific important neurotrophic functions, in particular in the central nervous system. This review discusses the role of EGFR in regulating differentiation and functions of neurons and neuroglia. Furthermore, its involvement in regeneration after injury and in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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